<ul class="shopping-list" id="groceries">

<li><span>Milk</span></li>
<li class="favorite" id="must-buy"><span class="highlight">Bananas</span></l
i>
</ul>

/******** (1) ********/

ul#groceries {
color: red;
}
ul.shopping-list li.favorite span {
color: blue;
}
/******** (2) ********/
ul#groceries #must-buy {
color: red;
}
.favorite span {
color: blue !important;
}
/******** (3) ********/
ul.shopping-list li .highlight {
color: red;
}
ul.shopping-list li .highlight:nth-of-type(odd) {
color: blue;
}
/******** (4) ********/
#groceries
color:
}
#groceries
color:
}

.favorite:not(#groceries) .highlight {
red;
.highlight:nth-of-type(1):nth-last-of-type(1) {
blue;