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    Executive Summary

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    j i NATIONAL HYDROELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION LTD. (A Govt. of India Enterprise) PAKAL DUL (DRANGDHURAN) HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT (4 x 250 MW) + DISTT. DODA (JAMMU & RASHMIRY jiipanuap | i DETAILED PROJECT REPORT JULY 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | FARIDABAD J _ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ~~ we ue wow w 2 BUR © Volumes compt PAKAL DUL (DRANGDHURAN) H, E. PROJECT (4X 250 MW) Distt. Doda (J&K) FOREWORD ‘The Detailed Project Report of Pakal dul (Drangdhuran) H.E. Project (J&K) has bee’ prepared by National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd (NHPC) in five volumes as below: Volume! - | Engineering Volume ll = Cost Estimates & Project Planning Volume Ill + Hydrology Volume IV - Site Investigations & Geology “Volume Vo = Construction Materials. rises engineering details of the project and includes chapters:on stage development of Chenab basin, salient features, project project summary, costs, hydrology, geology, power studies, optimization studies, design ‘of civil engineering structures, reservoir, power plant, mechanical and‘ ¢lectrical equipment's, ecological and environmental studies and economic evaluation and financial forecast ete. Volume-t! comprises’ of construction methodology and equipment planning, construction materials; construction programme & project schedule, infrastructure ‘and construction facilities, project organization, project costs and analysis of rates and use rate of machinery. Volume-Iil comprises of hydrological studies & data. Volume-IV comprises-of site investigation carried out and geology. ~ oe ww ee we ee @- wow SOL Ab O. OGD OO we WO Volume- V comprises of details of construction materials. in addition to above, an Executive Summary Volume has also been prepared. Field Investigations, collection of Data from various agencies and subsequent preparation of Detailed Project Report hes been completed with the cooperation extended by the State & Central Govt. agencies/departments. Co-operation of the various departments of J&K Govt. necessary for carrying out field works and for preparation of DPR, proved to be of great help for completion of this Detailed Projéct Report. ~~ ww ww er 3 J. i “eo Be OQ Ge & 2 3 ae CHAPTER 4 4.0 14 42 13 14 15 1.6 47 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 3.0 34 3.2 3.3 CHAPTER 4 4.0 44 42 43 44 45 46 az EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT SUMMARY Introduction Power Position ~ Present and Future ‘The Need Chenab Basin’ ‘The Project Power Generation Cost Estimate and Financial Forecast Time Schedule SAILENT FEATURES PROJECT COST Introduction Basis for Estimate Cash Flow Statement Abstract of Cost HYDROLOGY General River system and Basin Characterstics Water Avaliability Study Reservoir Elevation Area Capacity Design Flood Diversion Flood Reservoir Sedimentation Reference 14 4-2 43 1-4 45 113 114 414 24 34 35 3-6 at at 42 43 43 43 43 48 Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E. Project CHAPTER 5 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.3 54 5.5 CHAPTER 6 6.0 6.1 6.2 CHAPTER 7 70 TA 72 73 TA 75 78 TW 78 79 7.40 GEOLOGY General Field Investigation Geotechnical Evaluation of Civil Structures Reservoir Seismological Studies Construction Material Survey POWER STUDIES Introduction Development of Power Demand in Norther Region Need for further expansion and Development of Hydroelectric Power Resources Tables 6.1 to 6.2 OPTIMISATION STUDEIS Introduction Available inflow 90% Dependable year Full Reservoir Level (FRL) Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) Tail Water Level (TWL) Rated Net Head & Head Losses Installed Capacity Unit Size Reservoir Operation ‘Annual Energy Generation Tables 7.1 to 7.3 54 5-2 52 5-10 5-10 6-4 6-2 6-2 TA TA 72 72 72 13 13 14 74 Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E, Project CHAPTERS _ DESIGN OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES 84 General o-t 82 Layout Optimisation 8-2 ; 83 ‘The Scheme 84 a4 River Diversion 86 85 spillway 86 86 Water Conductor System a7 | a7 Power House Complex 88 | 88 Hydro Mechanical Works 8-10 , | Drawings 1 to 14 i GHAPTER9 POWER PLANTS, ELECTRICAL AND 5 | MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT : 9.0 Introduction Oo : on Mechanical Equipments 92 5c 92 Electrical Equipments 95 | ‘ CHAPTER 10: ECONOMIC EVALUATION | | 40.0 General 40-4 to. Economic Justification 10-1 | 10.2 Energy Contribution from the Project 10-4 | 10.3 Project Cost 10-2 404 Fixed and Running Charges 40-2, 10.5 Unit Cost of Energy 103 CHAPTER 11 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY 11.0 General : 144 14 Diversion Tunnel 12 11.2 Coffer Dam 14-2 iii Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HIE. Project ‘ : 13 Conerete Faced Rock Fill Dam 14-3 ¥. 114 Surface Spillway, Tunnel Spillway & Plunge Poo! 14-3 15 Head Race Tunnel 114 vb 118 Surge Shaft 145 9 17 Pregsure Shaft 11-6 11.8 Power House 44-7 9 11.9 Tail Race Tunnel & Draft Tube 11-8 Annexure 1 to Ill at | CHAPTER 12. ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS. 9 | : 12.0 Introduction 124 3 42.4 ‘Topography and Physiography 424 _ 12.2 Climate 12-2 3 42.3 Terrestrial Ecology 42-2 g | 12.4 Kishiwar High Altitude National Park 12-2 ; 125 \VegetationiFlora of the Submergence Area 123 12.6 Fisheries 12-3 42.7 Socio-Economic Aspects 123 12.8 Total Land Requirement 42:4 12.9 Environmental impacts 124 42.10 Environmental Management Plans 12-5 iv CHAPTER - 1 PROJECT SUMMARY , 5 e ar een Bg Ore & ‘eb ‘ae bs be Pakal Dul (Draiigdhuran) HE. Project CHAPTER - 1 PROJECT SUMMARY 4.0 INTRODUCTION Paka Dul (Orangdhuran) H.E. Project is one of the 7 projects entrusted to NHPC for execution in Central Sector under the MOU signed between Minisiry of Power, Govt, of India and Govt. of J&K on dated 20.07.2000. ‘The exploitation of hydro power potential of Marusudar river, a tributary of river Chenab has been planned by Central Water Commission envisaging construction of two projects namely Bursar and Pakal dul, The scheme envisages creation of a substantial storage In the basin to be used for additional power generation during lean flow months, As per feastelty report prepared by GWO, Pakal dul HE. Project, @ run-ofriver scheme, located in the Tehsil Kishtwar, Distt Doda of J&K envisaged construction of a Dam +/-77m high across river Marusudar at village Pakal, @ 44.8 Km tong HRT of 7m dia., a 1.7 Km. long Syphon crossing of 5.7m dia across river Marusudar and gh underground P/house near vilage Trimuli to accommodate 5 units 6t 200MW each and a 7m’ dia, 260m long TRT for discharging the ‘waters’ of river Marusudar in to the reservoir of Dulhasti H.E. Project. After handing over of the projects by J&K Govt., NHPC has reviewed the above two projects. In the proposed Pakal Dul HLE, project construction and maintenance of the syphon with deep shafts would have posed major technical problems and the bite is prone to avalanches on both banks of the river. in Vicw of the tikely difficulties of syphon construction and with avallabilily of @ suitable site for a dam at Brangdhuren village NHPC has modified the proposal of CWC by shifing the proposed dam from Pakal village to Drangdhuran village located on downstream side and in the process avoiding construction of Syphon crossing, The modified scheme, 45Km from Kishtwer, is planned as a storage or scheme along with proposed Bursar H.E. Project located upstream on Marusudar so that optimum utilization of flows of river Marusudar is made use 14 ae mo SGE SES ee wy Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HE, Project 4.4 POWER POSITION - PRESENT AND FUTURE The globalization of Indian economy, due to policy reforms as carried out in the recent years, has had invigorating effect on various sectors of the economy, and is now poised for accelerated growth. Power is the most important and essential input for economic: development of the country. The growth in agriculture and industry is entirely dependent on the growth of the power sector of the country. In India, since independence, concerted efforts have been made to increase the availability of power fo various segments of society. Among the sources of power viz. Hydro, Thermal, Nuclear etc., the Hydropower is the most preferred because of being renewable, pollution free and low generation cost. Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has estimated the hydropower potential in the “country as 84,000'MW at 60% load factor. Two large blocks of the hydropower potential are in the North Wester Middle Himalayas and in the North Eastern portion of the couritry. -the demand for power has out stripped availabilty to an alarming extent in the country as a whole, and in the Northem Region in particular. Northern Region, ‘already under severe power dof Is in the grip of acute power shortage al the end of 9 plan (1997-2002) and beyond even affer accounting for benefits from the-on-going projects and also from other schemes cleared by CEA, The powet and ehergy availability & requirements during and after 40" Plan period in the Northen Region is shown in Table 6.1 & Table 6.2 (under Chapter ~ 6)'as projected in the 16" Electric Power Survey, published by CEA. Table 6.1 has. been prepared without considering the benefits of Drangdhuran, while Table 62 has been preparéd taking into consideration the power and energy benefits acatued from this project from the year 201 1-12, taking its completion period as 6 years. 42 Pakal Dul (Drangdimran) HB. Project 4.2 THENEED The demand for power in the country is growing rapidly ‘outstripping its availability, forcing the power supply industry to Impose restrictions and also to adopt other regulatory measures. ‘The growth rate of electricity consumption fell sharply from 12.19% per annum. experienced during the sixlles to 6.54% during ied availability of the seventies: This decline was caused mainly due to limits power. The growth rate of energy consumption has improved and was about shortage of power stil persists: Annual years period 1990-85 and 1995-2000, 9.16% during the eighties, though the compounded growth rate for the five works out to 9.88% and 7.54% respectively. The projected growth rate for the periods 2000-05 and 2008-10 is 7.03% and 6.33% respectively. Based on thé capacity addition programme, anticipated power requirement of the northern region in the year 2010-11 & 2011-12 is as under: {power Position of Northern Grid Sr.No. "Description 7 J instailed capacity (MW) 3 | Beak avallabiity (MW) 3 | Beak load (MW) Ft Surplus? Deficlt (MW) 5 SurplusiDeficit (%) 6 T 5 Eneray availability MU Energy requirement MU Surplus/Deficit (MW) J | Surplus/Deficit (%) : a ieseateec ree ‘Thus from the above projected power & energy the need for 1000 MW Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) scheme assumes significance. shortages for Norther Region 13 er GF Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HE, Project 4.3. CHENAB BASIN Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E. Project is located on river Marusudar, a tributary of river Chenab. River Chenab originates from the Lahaul valley of Himachal Pradesh. After flowing for about 144 Kms in Himachal Pradesh, river Chenab centers into the Padder area of Doda district of JBK. After a further traverse of about 78 Kms., the river joins its major tributary Marusudar at Bhandarkot. The bed level of river Marusudar drops by about 620m ina stretch of about 40Km. This reach of river Marusudar provides one of the most attractive possibilities of hydro power generation in country. River Marusudar originates from an elevation of about S175m in Jammu & Kashmir State.In the initial reaches 2 streams namely Balko! and Gumbar join to form Warwan river, which is known as river Marusudar, The catchments area of river Marusudar is more or less fan shaped. The upper catchment is covered with glacier & the permanent snow tine is generally considered to be around 470m. The sedsonal snow fine Is naturally below this and glaciers are supposed to descend upto elevation of 250m. The entire reach of river Marusudar is through mountainous terrain, at places betweon high cliffs having steep slopes and sharp loops. The highly slopy & loopy character of river Marusudar make them river with high power potential. 4.3.4. Hydroelectric Potential of Chenab Basin ‘The total hydro power potential of Chenab basin is estimated well over SOOOMW. vestigate and Keeping this in view efforts have been made by CWC to identify, establish the feasibility of hydroelectric schemes in the Chenab basin. Major hydro electric projects/schemes identified so far In the basin are as under 1-4 - a ter Bi ae US BP APE ? WG up Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E. Project ‘Scheme River Capacity ‘Status Salal Chenab | 690 MW | Commisioned (Stage | & I!) Duihasti ‘Chenab 300 MW Under execution | Rattle ‘Chenab 470 MW ~ “| Bagiihar Chenab 450 MW Under execution ‘Sawalkot Chenab 1200 MW - Bursar Marusudar 1020 MW - Pakal-Dul Marusudar 1000 MW(rev) : (Orangdhuran) Kirthat ‘Chenab 750 MW = | ‘Naunato Naigad ‘Chenab #00 MW > Gyspa Chenab 225 MW = 4.4 THE PROJECT 4.4.1 Background Pakal Dul H.E. Project along with few other projects on river Chenab were under investigation by Chenab Investigation Circle Jammu of CWC since sixties. The CWC has prepared feasibility report in respect of Pakal dul H.E. Project In March'1986 & had submitted to CEA vide their letter No: /4/85-P8I/1114 dated 25.04.1986 for aggord of TEC. However the report remained pending for want of, decision about the executing agency. Subsequently J&K Power Development’ Corporation vides their letter No: PDC/1500 dated 21.10.1994 conveyed to CEA that the Pakal-Dul Project will be executed by them & had requested for early clearance of the Project. CEA vide their fetter No: 125/4/94-HPA-IN436-438 dated 14.12.1994 conveyed that the feasibility report of the project was made By CWC in close consultation with various formations of CWC and OBA. Further, It was desired that the cost estimate be updated to the current price level and re- submitted to them for processing the clearance of the Project. 1-5 Pakal Dut (Drangdhuran) HE. Project in pursuance of the Memorandum of Understanding signed between Ministry of Power, Govt. of India and Govt. of J&K on 20" July'2000, the Pakal dul along with six hydroelectric projects in the state of J&K have been entrusted to NHPC fof execution. NHPC has examined the feasibility report prepared by CWC and undertaken further studies and additional investigation In order to firm up project features as well theif design parameters along with development of infrastructure fecllties of the Project. The cost estimate have been prepared at the present price level. The proposed site for the construction of Dam is located near village Drangdhuran, in Tehsil Kishtwer and lies at Latitude 33° 27' 30" N and Longitude 75° 48! 50" E. The river bed level at the Dam site is about 1540m. Corresponding to an FRL of 1700m, the Gross storage of the reservoir is 125.4 M.cum and area under submergence Is 226 Ha. Underground P/house is proposed on the right bank of the river Chenab near ‘Trimuli and is located approx. 1.5 km Uls of the Dam of Dulhasti H.E, Project. Water from Drangdhuran reservoir are to be diverted through 2 No., 10 km long {approx.), 6.75m dia horse shoe/ circular shaped Head Race Tunnels (HRT) to the Power House. The water from the Power House would be discharged though 4 No., 125 m long, .5 m dia, horse shoe shaped Tall Race Tunnels (TRT) in to the reservoir of Dulhasti H.E. Project on river Chenab. The regulated tows of water from Drangdhuran project would enhance the generation of Duihasti H.E. Project in the lean periods. Main components of the project are as under: > A-167m high (above river bed level), 305m long (at top) Concrete Face Rockfill Dam across river Marusudar near village Drangdhuran, > Uls & Dis coffer dams (2 nos.) 4 no., 41 mia, and 800 m long horse shoe shaped diversion tunnel. > Reservoir with gross storage of 125.4 M.cum at FRL & 17.01 M.cum at MDDL and having submergence area of 228 Ha. v 16 ‘ 2 Pakal Dul (Drangdhurian) HE. Project > 1no., intake’ structure with 2 nos gates of size 5.6 m (W)x6.75m (H). > 2 nos, 6.75 m dia, 10-Km long horse shoe/ciroular shaped head race tunnels with a bed slope of 0.67%. > 2:n08, 16 m dia., 200 m high open to surface with restricted Orifice surge shafts. > 2 nos., 5.6 m dia, 380 m long and 4 nos. 3.9 m dia, 685 m, long, underground circular steel lined pressure shaffs Jpenstocks } Anunderground power house of size cavern size 487 m (L) x 20.20 m (W) +. 49,00 m (H) fo accommodate 4 units of 260 MW each. > 4 Nos., 8.5 m dia, horse shoe shaped, 125M long {approx) conerete lined tail race tunnels. 4.4.2 ‘Topography & Phystography The project area tigs in the Central Crystalline belt of the Great Himalayas which encompasses the catchments of the Kiar, Nanth and Kibar Nalas, all of which drain South - West into Marusudar river which joins the Chenab river, 13 Km above Kishtwar town. ‘The terrain is extremely rugged. The prominent geomorphic features include U- and V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, ridges, saddles, glacial amphitheaters and river terraces. The narrow valleys bounded by high rdges open out ih their upper glacial parte, Slopes are very steep due which the rock fall, at certain points, occurs oftenly under the effect of gravity. The altitude of the area varies ‘rom 1500 m to very high mountains. There are plentiful of grazing lands on the upper reaches of high mountains. A qumber of meadows and pastures on the uplands are well:known. The region is full of vegetation with dominance of conifers. The local/ Gujjar population have extended their settlements in these thik forests at high reaches thus posing serious threal fo the ecosystem’ by extracting timber & firewood from the same. Rocks are strongly folded at certain places and are mainly composed of Granite, Gnoiss and Schist, with occasional bed of marble, At some places like Lopare 17 FRR SO EE Nee AW SD - Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HB. Project village, the flat land masses are found which are used for agriculture purposes. The shallow, slightly alkaline soils are mostly alluvial with gravel deposits. A number of hot and'cold springs have been observed in the area from where the water is gushing out from the earth in its natural form. 4.4.3 Drainage The river Chenab enters Kishtwar tehsil at Sansarl in Ishatihari of Paddar area. some more streams join this river til it reaches Bhandarkot to join Marusudar river, This river divides Kishtwar tehsil into two parts. Beyond Kishtwar, many streams come tumbelling down to join Chenab river. Kuligad and Kalnal streams rush down from Saroor and Bhalesa to join the Chenab river. From its origin in Bara Lacha pass in Lahul Sipti at EL 5100m to Akhnoor (Jammu), the river traverses about 570 Kms, The gorge at Kishtwar formed by Chenab river is a remarkable feature. The bottom of the gorge Is about 100m deep whereas (he flat terrace of Kisftwar hangs like a ledge in the gorge 1000m above the river bed, The project area is mainly drained by Marusudar river, Kiar Nala, Kibor Nala, Nanth Nala and other small streams with many hot & cold springs 4.4.4 Hydrology “The catchment area of river Marusudar up to dam site of the proposed Pakal dul (Orangdhuran) H.E. Project has beon estimated as 3955 sq.km. It ies at Latitude 39° 27' 00" N and 34° 12.5' 00" N, Longitude 75° 22! 00" E to 76° 17' 00" E: " 1.4.5 Geology & Seismicity The Pakal Dul H: &. Project is located in Dachhan ~ Marweh area of District Doda, J&K, on River Marusudar, the main right bank tributary of River Chenab. Geologically, the ‘area forms the “Kishtwar Window Zone" of Inner Lesser Himalayas and exposes rocks of Salkhalas, Kibar & Dul Formations belonging to Precambrian age. The dam, a part of HRT and other appurtenant structures of the dam complex lie In Kibar Gneisses whereas Power House, part of HRT and 18 3 d 3 9 re wo w- BA SPER US WB w we Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HB. Project other ancillary structures are housed in low grade metamorphies viz. schist, phylite & quartzite of Dul Formation. Structurally the area has been subjected to intense folding and faulting as a part of Himalayan orogenesis. The Dul Dhar Ridge, Kishtwar Fault, Daddhar ~ Buzensheru Faull, Niagre- Arzi Fault Amne fault, Pakal Riverbed Fault, Main Central Thrust (MCT) are the important structural elements in this area. Rocks of the Pipran Formation and Dul Formation depicts folding. The quartzite-phyllite sequence of Dul Formation on tight bank of Chenab river exhibits recumbent folding with quartziic body and phyltic core and outer shell. The quartzite-phyllte bands within the gneisses of the Pipran Formation are highly contorted with anticlines and synclines. ‘The river valley at the proposed site of CFRD is a narrow gorge having rocky escarpment slope on both the banks in a stretch of about 300m length along the river course. The dam site comprise of strong to very strong, massive to widely jointed gneissic granites and gneissic quartzites. The follation joint (St) strikes oblique to the river course and dips at about 40° towards upstream direction. Preponderance ofifollation shear seams / zones are exhibited. Apart from the foliation joints, the rock mass Is dissected by three more sets of discontinuities namely $2 (200/70"), $3 (270/60") and S4 (090/65°). The abutments are exposed with strong to very strong competent gneissic rock without having much of slopewash / scree deposit and are free from any slide /'slumping zone except for a few open joints near the surface. ‘On the abutment slopes the plinth beam of CFRD will be rested on bedrock and may require normal stripping to remove surface weathering effect. On left bank the plinth would be founded almost on the bedrock. Whereas, the plinth area in the river terrace portion and active river channel constitute thick horizon of riverine deposits of about 10m thick from left side to 65-60m in the river portion. In the right abutment portion, the plinth from the river edge and upto about EL 1630M will rest on exposed bedrock and further upslope upto dam top area comprising thin cover of slopewash deposits may have to be removed. 19 zoo aE a EP LD AVE DE i BW ee HES Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) I.E. Project “The spillway construction would involve excavation of hill slope with cut height of about 50-100 mainly In strong gneissic bedrock Slab failure along foliation joints or clay filed joint sets are generally expected. Accordingly, the cut slopes will require rook bolts and shoterete with wiremesh support to maintain overall stability along with berms / benches. ‘The foliation strikes across the spllway tunnel alignment is considered to be favourable. Overall the tunneling media is anticipated fo be fair (Class-tll) to good (Class-l) with patches of poor (Cass-V) and very poor (Class-V) rock in between. Based on the CSIR (RMR) system of rockmass Glassification “it 18 anticipated that the funnel will encounter 30% of Class ~ 1/11, 40% Class-Ill, 20% Class-IV and 10% Class-V rock. Proper support measures involving rock polis, shoterete, wiremesh alongwith some steel ribs at the portals & in poor to very poor rock zories would be required during tunneling, Water seepage in wet to heavy dtipping conditions ts also anticipated, at places. ‘The diversion tunel shall be housed in gneissic quartzite / gneissic granite "of Kibar Gneisses with subordinate schist bands. The gneissic quartzite is expected in: major stretch from inlet and outlet portals, however, the middle stretch would be under gneissic granite, The contact bewoon these two {ithounits is gradual. ‘The diversion tunne!is anticipated to negotiate broadly 30% Class-Hl, 50% Clas til and 20% Class-IV & Class-V rock, based on CSIR (RMR) classification, accordingly support measures are to be provided. i cusiaa St ‘The intake structute, located about 30m upstream of plinth of dem (invert level at EL1604M), will be'on rock outcrop of gneissic quartzite. “The proposed head race tunnel between Dam ‘and Powerhouse cut across the ‘east-west trending mountain range between Marusudar and Chenab valley. The superincumbent éover above the tunnel vary from 400m near the inlet and 4-10 wo “a Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HB. Project downstream end to about 2000m near the Buzensheru peak at the water divide. line of both the valleys. In the initial reach of about 3 km length the tunnel will be negotiating gnetssic quartzite / gnelssic granite with schist bands of Kibar Formation, whereas, the downstream stretch of about 7km_ fength shail be driven through schists, phyllite, slates & subordinate bands of quartzite rocks of Dul Formation. The head race tunnel Is anticipated to negotiate broadly 15% Class-ll, 55% Class-Ill and 30% of Class-IV+Class-V rock, based on CSIR (RMR) classification, accordingly support measures are to be provided, ‘The underground powerhouse cavern shall be located mainly within strong quartzite rock forming lower limb of a recumbent fold, Weak to very weak chlortic phylte is present in the core and outer shell portion of recumbent folded structure. ‘The cover above the machine & transformer cavern will be around 160m & 120m respectively. Mainly 4 sets of joints are prominently observed in Power House area. ‘Considering the prominence of subvertical joint set, orientation of Power House (longer axis of cavern) is kept nearly perpendicular to the strike of this joint set. However with this orientation, foliation joint set becomes oblique to longer axis of cavern. Overall the longer axis of the powerhouse, caverns make about 85°, 45°, 25° & 50° with S-1, S-2, S-3 & S-4 set of joints respectively. 7 ‘The two vertical Pressure shafts shall be housed partly in quartzite and partly in phylte, However, horizontal portions starting from surge shaft bottom are likely to be partly in phylites. The phyllites are highly shattered and crumbled being near to the hinge portion of fold structure and due precaution during excavation shall be required. It is anticipated that the tail race tunnels would be passing through about 30% of Class-lll and 70% of Class-IV & Class-V rock as per RMR system of rock classification. Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E. Project Construction of 167 m high concrete faced rock fill dam across ver Marusudar with F.R.L 1700m, will form a reservoir covering 2.28 sq.km ares. Inspite of difficult terrain, geological mapping was carried out to identify the various litho unis structural features and to assess the nature of overburden material. The right bank of reservoir is occupied with thin vein of slope wash material whereas left bank is exposed with thick overburden cover of slope wash: material. In the gorge portion river borne material is substantially deep which is recorded to the tune of 58m at dam site. The main rock types encountered within reservoir rim area are Granitic Gnelsses (Kibar Gneisses), Phyllites with subordinate Quartzites (Dui Formation), Quartzites with subordinate phyllites (Dul Formation), Schists with subordinate Gneisses (Salkhalas). “The Project area lies in the seismie zone-IV of Seismio zoning map of India. The Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology. Roorkee, has estimated the seismic design earthquake parameters for the project’ and racorhmended effective peak ground acceleration (PGA) value as 0.319 for Maximury Credible Earthquake (MCE) and 0.16 for Design Basis Earthquake (D8). 4.4.6 Dam and Reservoir Reservoir will be formed by construction of a 167 m high (above river bedi lovel) concrete face rock fil dam across river Marusudar near village Prangahuran. Broad feature of the reservoir shall be as under- > Dam top EL 1707 M pe MW} EL 1705 M > Full reservoir level £L 1700 M ; > Gross storage up to FRL 425.4 M cum. : > Gross storage at MDDL 47.01 Mourn, > + Type of Dam Conerete Face Rookfill Dam 112 Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HB. Project > Deepest Foundation Level 1540M > Height of Dam 467 M from Deepest Foundation Level =e 4.4.7 River Diversion Arrangement iver diversion arrangement comprises one number diversion tunnel 11m dia., 800 m long horse-shoe shaped and the upstream and downstream cofferdams. ‘The proposed diversion arrangement Is designed for a flood discharge of 2000 cumec. 4.4.8 Water Conductor System The water conductor system consists of an intake arrangement, 2 nos., 6.75 m i dia, Horse Shoo/circular shaped 10 Km fong Head Race Tunnels, 2.108 16m ~ gia., 200m high surge shafts, 2 nos., 5.6 m dia., pressure shafts & 4105. 3.9m dia, (steel lined) and 4 nos., 5.5 m dia., horse shoe shaped TRTs each 125 m s 5 a » 5 long, EKO SS 4.4.9 Power House Complex ‘The! underground powerhouse is located on right bank of river Chenab ‘héar Village Trimul, U/S of Dam of Dul-Hasti Project, It will have an installed capacily of 1000 MW (4 generating units of 250 MW each). 4.5 POWER GENERATION ‘The power generation and the optimization of Pakal Dul H.€. Project have been made based on long series of available hydrological data with the objective of maximizing the average daily energy production and the firm power during the lean season within economical limits. The observed discharge data for the 90% | dependable year have been used as the basis for carrying ‘out the optimization \ studios, THe project shall generate 3387.47 MU power in 90% depenclable year. 3 Pakal Dul (Drangdburan) ILE. Project 4.6 COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL FORECAST “The project has been estimated to cost Rs. $577.09 crores including IDC of Rs. 508.85 crorés at July 2005 price level. The unit cost of energy at Bus Bar, considering retum of 14% of capital cost based on generation in 90% dependable year works out to Rs. 3.06 per unit at July’2005 Price level. The Cost of generation at the same price level has been worked out as Rs. 1.99 per KeWh without considering the Return on equity and the free power fo home state. The levelised tariff at Present Day Cost at July’2008 price level works out fo Rs. 2.60 per unit considering 12% free power to home slate, 4.7 TIME SCHEDULE ‘The project is proposed to be completed in a period of 72 months after accord of Government sanction. Infrastructural facililes shall be developed concurrently with the process of obtaining various govt. clearances. 1-14 “A 1 oe wi Ee a < = 5 SALIENT FEATURES ww F e 3 Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E, Project CHAPTER - 2 SALIENT FEATURES LOGATION STATE JAMMU & KASHMIR District Doda River Marusudar Dam site Near Village Drangdhuran Latitude 33°27'30"N Longitude 75°48'50"E Nearest Rail head Jammu Nearest Airport Jammu HYDROLOGY Catchment area 3956 Sq. Km Lodation of catchment Latitude Longitude ‘Average annual rainfall Annual Yield © 90% dependable year (0 75% dependable year Maximum temperature Minimum temperature Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) ‘Maximum Routed Outflow (with one bay inoperative) RESERVOIR Full, reservoir level ‘Maximum water level level Min. Draw Down Level Gross storage -at FRL : -at MDDL ‘Area. under submergence at FRL Length of reservoir DIVERSION TUNNEL No. ,Diameter & Shape Length Diversion Discharge Invert level at entry Invert level at exit Diversion Tunnel Gate Size of Gate Gate Operating platform level a 24 33°24'00"N & 34°12.5'00"N 76°23'00"E to 76°10'00"E 3175 Meum 4174 Mcum 30.8°e “2.8% 5600 cumec 5172 cumec El 1700.0 m El 1705.0m El 1620.0 m 425.4Mcm 17.01 Mom 228 Ha 40.25 Km. 4n0., 11.0 m, Horse-shoe 800m 2000 cumec EL. 1555.00 m EL. 1533.10m 2 No. Vertical lift gate 4,56 m(W) X 11.0m(H) EL 1590.0 m BL Vi Gb Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E, Projoct COFFER DAM ‘Type 3 ‘Top of upstream coffer dam ‘Top of downstream coffer dam DAM Type Dam Top River Bed Level Dam height (above river bed level) Length of dam at top ‘TUNNEL SPILLWAY No, ,Diameter & Shape Length of tunnels Gate Size Gate Arrangement Crest Level Capacity at FRL Capacity at MWL Energy dissipation SURFACE SPILLWAY Type Width of spillway block No. of bays Crest level of spillway Width of each bay Gates (Radial) Energy Dissipation Arrangement Capacity at FRL Capacity at MWL INTAKE Number Invert level Gate size Trash Rack ‘Trash Rack Size Gate Arrangement Normal velocity 22 Rookfitl EL 1589.0 m EL 1545.0 m Conerete Face Rockfill dam EL. 1707.0 m EL 1640.0m 167 m 305m 2.Nos.,10.5m, Horse-shoe 425m & 450 m 6.2m (W) x 7.0m(H) Vertical Towers (Partly Underground) with radial gates EL 1580.0m 4740 cumec (each) 4780 cumec (each) Flip Bucket with preformed plunge pool Gated, crest spillway 27m 2 EL 1685.0 m 8.0m 2.Nos, 8.0 mx 15m Flip bucket with preformed plunge pool 975 cumec (each) 4500 cumec (each) One EL.1604.0 m 2 Nos, 5.60m(w) x 6.75m(H) Steel Trash Rack 58 m(W) x 19.50m (H) Vertical Shafts (Underground, exposed to Surface) 0.69 m/sec e Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.£. Project HEADRACE TUNNEL No. ,Diameter & Shape Length Design discharge Bed Slope SURGE SHAFT No. & type Diameter Vertical Shaft height Top Level Bottom Level Maximum up surge level Minimum down surge level PRESSURE SHAFT / PENSTOCK a) Horizontal No. & Diameter ‘Shape and type Total-Length 'b) Manifold Diameter and type Total Length ¢) Vertical No: & Diameter Height va VALVE HOUSE Size MIV CAVERN size POWER HOUSE COMPLEX Type Iristalled capacity “Type of Turbine Turbine Axis Elevation Power House Cavern ‘Transformer Cavern Gross Head Rated Head Design Discharge 23 2.Nos,6.75m dia, 40000 m (approx), each 317 cumec (158.5 cumec each) 0.67% 2no. open to Surface with Restricted Orifice 16.0m 200m EL 1745.0 m EL 1545.2 m EL 1741.5m EL 1548.0 m 2 nos; 5.6 m dia.before manifold and 4 no. 3.9 m dia. after manifold circular, steel lined 5,6 m dia- 380 m ; 3.9 m dia- 685m Diameter- varies from 5.6 m to 3.9m; steel lined 30m 4nos., 3.9 m dia, circular 291,00 m (each) 400 im (L) x 8 m (W) x 15 m (H) 400 m (L) x 10 m (W) x 20 m (H) Underground 4000 MW (4 x 250 MW) Vertical Francis EL 1246.50 m 487 m (L)x20.20 m(W)x49 m(H) 420 m (L) x 16 m(W) x 13 m(H) 47m 389m 79.25 cumec (each unit) Paka! Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E, Project TAILRAGE TUNNEL No & Type Diameter & shape Design discharge Length Gate size Minimum TWL GIS AND POT HEAD YARD Elevation POWER GENERATION Installed capacity Annual Energy Generation 90 % dependable year 75 % dependable year COST ESTIMATE Project Cost Gost of Generation at Bus Bar/Unit ‘Sale Price at bus bar/unit Lévelised tarifffunit 24 4 nos, concrete lined 8.5 m, Horse-shoe 79.25 cumec (each) 425 m-(each) 5.5mx 5.5m EL 1255.0m Outdoor 400 m (L) x 35 m (W) EL. 1275.0 m/ 1280.0 m 4000MW (4 X 250 MW) 3387.47 MU 3763 MU Rs.5877.09 crores at July 2005 Price Level including IDC of Rs,585.85 crores Rs. 1.99/ Unit Rs, 3.06/ Unit Rs. 2.60 / Unit CHAPTER - 3 PROJECT COST be Aur SO Pakal Dul (Drangdluran) HE. Project CHAPTER - 3 PROJEGT COST 3.0 INTRODUCTION A summary of the cost estimate, including direet and indirect charges for the Civil and Gonoration work is provided in abstract of cost on page 6-6 under heading ‘Abstract of Cost. The proposed cash flow for the project is provided in Section '3.2 of this chapter. : 3.4 BASIS FOR ESTIMATE GENERAL ‘The estimale has been prepared to arrive at the capital cost of Pakal Dui HE Project. The base date of the estimate is July 2005 Price Level and the cost is expressed in Indian Rupees. However, there is a provision of 159.58 Lakhs US$ in foreign exchange for import of 400 KV GIS and XLPE cables. 1-WORKS. Under this heading; provision has been made for various components of the Project as detailed hereunder. : ‘A-PRELIMINARY Under this heading, provision has been made for surveys and investigations to be conducted to arrive at the optimum of the project components, including pre- feasibility stage investigations already done and expenditure incurred by JKPDC. B-LAND This covers the provision for acquisition of land for construction of the project colonies, offices and stores and compensation for trees and standing crops. This 34 woo p Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.B. Project head also contains the provision for Rehabilitation and Resettlement measures for Project Affected People. c-WORKS ‘This covers the cost of Diversion Tunnel, Coffer Dam, Surface Spillway, Plunge Pool, Concrete Faced Rookfil Dam, Spillway Tunnel, Spillway Tunnels Intake Structure and Gale Shaft for tunnel Spillway along with associated Hydro- Mechanical Equipment. J-POWER PLANT CIVIL WORKS: This covers the cost of project components viz. HRT Gate Shaft, Power Intake & Trash Rack Structirre, Head Race Tunnel and Adits, Upstream ‘Surge Shaft and “adifs, Pressure ShatvPenstock, Valve House, Pothead Yard, Power House Complex & PH Adits, Tail Race Tunnel,Tail Race Tunnel Outlet and other ‘appurtenatit works. ‘The quantities indicated in the estimates for © - Works & J-Power Plant Civil Works are calculated from the preliminary engineering drawings and a5 PS experience of other on-going or commissioned projects. A provision of 3i6 has been made for cofitingencies and the workcharged establishment, ; ‘A Provision has béen also made at the rate of 4.2% for works tax. The unit rates for various items are-based on Central water Commission norms and worked out at ourrent market rates. K-BUILDINGS | Brovision ‘for buildings, both residential and non-residential has been made tinder this head. Included under the permanent category are all (hose structures, which will be sudsequently utlized during the operation and maintenance of the project ullities. The costs are worked out on plinth area basis prevalent in the area for the type of construction involved. : 3-2 } 3 eae 3; Pakal Dul (Drangdhurdn) HE, Project O-MISCELLANEOUS Under this head provision has been made to cover the cost of the following miscellaneous works. a Capital cost of electrification, water supply, sewage disposal, fire fighting equipments etc. : Repair and meintenance of electrification, water supply, sewage disposal medical assistance, recreation, post office, telephone and telegraph office, security arrangements, fire fighting, inspection vehicles, schools, transport of labour ete. ¢ Olher services such as laboratory testing, REM of Guest House and transit’ camps, Community center, retrenchment —eompensation, anotographic instruments as well as REM cherges etc. \P-MAINTENANCE DURING CONSTRUCTION AND Y-LOSSES ON STOCK A provision of 1% and 0.25% of C-Civil works, J-Power Plants, K-Bulldings & ReCommunications’ has been made for maintenance of works during ‘construction period and losses on stock respectively. Q-SPECIAL TOOLS AND PLANT ‘This provision under this head has been made to cover the residual value of the equipment to be used for infrastructure works only ie. capital cost of the equipment less the credit due to resale or transfer of equipment and life ‘of machinery used In works. For this purpose, the provision for the machinery likely to be used in infrastructure works (like buildings, roads etc.) has been taken as 25% of their value and for other Inspection vehicles, 100% of the cost has been booked under this head. ‘R-COMMUNICATION Provision under this head covers,the cost of improvement of roads and bridges. ‘The road widths have been planned 10 cater to the anticipated traffic including ‘movement of heavy trailers. The costs of roads and bridges are based on the present rate structure for the type of construction involved. 33 y at Pakal Dul (Drangdhurdn) HB. Project X-ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Provision towards | Bio-diversity Conservation, Creation of Green ‘belt, Restoration of Construction Area, Catchment Area Treatment, Compensatory’ ‘Afforastation etc. and Disaster Management Plan have been made under, this head. ELECTRICAL WORKS AND GENERATING PLANT ‘The cost of generating plant and equipment is based on Indigenous sources. ‘The prices of aunilary equipment and services are based on provaling market prices/costs incurred at other ongoing or commissioned projects. The switchyard equipments are based on prevailing market costs, Taxes, duties and tiansport t6’site are based on prevailing prices. Erection and commissioning charges have been estimated at 8% of the cost of equipment as has boon experienced on similar installations in the country. There is a provision of Rs. 1186.88 lakhs USS in foreign exchange for import of 400KV GIS and 400kV XLPE Cables ILESTABLISHMENT tg Provision for establishment has been made at 6% of L-works minus B-Land for Civil Works and 6% of Generation works. MI-TOOLS AND PLANTS ‘This provision Is digtinet from that under Q-Special T&P and is meant 10 cover cost of survey instiuments, camp equipment and other small fools and plants. ‘The outlay is provided at 1% of cost of I-works. IV-SUSPENSE No provision has Been made under this head as ail the outstanding suspense dre expected to be ‘cleared by adjustment to appropriate heads at completion of the project. 34 Pakat Dul (Drangdhuiran) I.E. Project 3:3 ABSTRACT OF COST EQUITY : DEBT = 30:70 i (Rs. in lakhs) i Amount: 9 AL S.No. Description uly 2005 PL 3 ‘A-CIVIL WORK ! 4, © DIRECT CHARGES 2 ! 1-WORKS Et A- Preliminary 1004.72 ' B-Land 15972.8 Bo C= Works 14297249 : J - Power Plant Civil Works 492169.96 5 K - Buildings 3974.33 O- Miscellaneous 6508.57 ‘ P - Maintenance During Construction 3349.34 Q- Special Tools and Plants 988.13 R- Communication 5814.36 | X= Environment & Ecology 7000.00 ree Y= Losses on Stock 837.33 5 \ TOTAL OF I- WORKS 370592.00 | 1 Establishment (8% of -Works - B Land) ~ 28346.14 yy | Ill - Tools and Plants (1% of I-Works) 3702:99 2) IV - Suspense 0.00 | 7 V- Receipts & Recoveries (-) eee 905.93, TOTAL DIRECT CHARGES 401735.19 2, INDIRECT CHARGES |- Capitalised Value of abatement of Land Revenue (5% of Cost of Culturable Land) 184.96 _____Il- Auait & Account Charges (1% of LWorks) 3702.99 TOTAL INDIREGT CHARGES 3887.96 TOTAL DIRECT & INDIRECT CHARGES 405623.15 | B - ELECTRICAL WORKS 91258.46, TOTAL CIVIL + ELECTRICAL (NET) 496881.62 _/ INTEREST DURING CONSTRUCTION 0404.05 ____FINANGING CHARGES 2342.38 TOTAL 557708.84 36 HYDROLOGY + 1 ~ wi Ee a. =? x= o i Ww. 3 ae AB Pakal Dul (Drangdituran) HB. Project CHAPTER - 4 HYDROLOGY 4.0 GENERAL Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E. Project Is planned across Marusudar River, @ tributary of Chenab river, near Drangdhuran village in Doda district of Jammu region, The project envisages construction of 167 m high concrete faced rook fill dam across Marusudar river. At Full Reservoir Level (EL 1700 m) the reservoir storage is 125.4 meum and reservoir surface area Is 2.28 Sa. km. Length of the reservoir at FRL is 10.25 km. ' 4,4” RIVER SYSTEM AND BASIN CHARACTERISTICS ‘the Pakal Dui (Drangdhuran) Hydroslectic Project is focated on ver Merusudar, a tributary of river Cheneb. The total length of river Ghenab from iis source to Akhnoor is about 685 kms. River Chenab drops about 6350 meters: ite entre lonath of about 585 kms from its origin to Akhnoor. About one third of catchment area of Chenab remains perpetually covered by snow and glaciers and the comparatively high flows between Maréh to June are largely contibuled by snow melting, River Marusudar originates from an elevation of about 8178 m) in Jammu and Késhmir State in the inital reaches two streams namely Batkot ‘and Gumber join to form Warwan river, which Is known as River Marusudar in the lower reaches, Some of the main trbuteries of Marusudar are Helka Nala, fin Nala, Kair Nala, Nath Nala, Khawar and Stekot Nalas. River Merusudar flows aimost in nérth to south direction tilts confluence with Kiar Nala where it meandérs from east fo west. After traversing westward for about 4 kms from ikhala it again turns southward and joins river Chenab just down stream of \urya at Bandarkot. ‘The catchment of the Marusudar is more or less of fan shaped. The’ upper eatchment'is covered with glaciers and the permanent snow fine is generally 44 RRR 8 ao a AG Pakal Dut (Drangdhuran) HE. Project considered to be around 4700 m. The catchment area of Drangdhuran Is 3955 sq.km and it ies between Longitude 75°23 & to 76°10 E and Latitude 33°24’ N to 34°12.8' N. The area above 4700 m contour is 805 sa.km whereas above 4000 m contour the area is 2144 sq.km. That means that more than 54% area's above EL. 4000 m. From available air temperature data at Sirsi and Tillar sites, the elevation of snowline has been worked out as around 4000 m. ‘The mean elevation of the Marusudar Basin is 4000 m. For a major part of the year, the basin is under the effect of cold weather systems; viz Western Disturbances. The Dhauladhar, the Pir Panjal and the Zaskar ranges of the Himalayas impart distinct climatological features to this basin. ‘The basin receives precipitation round the year. However, two distinet seasons can be discerned: 4, Dec’- May : Rainfall is mostly in the form of snow ‘except in May when the snowfall is confined to higher altitudes : 2, July: Cet : Precipitation is due to monsoon activity 3, June and Nov : Months of least precipitation ‘The rain gauge spread obviously is non-representative of the catchment precipitation pattem, Average rainfall and snowfall in Marusudar basin Is worked out as 739.1 mm dnd 495.4 mm respectively based on records at Sirsi and Tillar. 4,2. WATER AVAILABILITY STUDY Due to large database, closeness with the proposed dam site and consistent data set: the discharge data at Sirs! has been considered by NHPG for deriving the average 10-daily flow series at Pekal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E-Project. The missing discharge values at Sirsi have been filed on the basis of regression equation developed between discharges at Sirsi and Bezwar (data base 1975- 2003), The average 10-daily discharge series at Sisi from 1962-2008 after filling missing values has been transferred to Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E.Project 42 Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HE. Project considering EL 4700 m as permanent snowline. The average annual yield thus computed as 5445 Meum. 4.3. “RESERVOIR ELEVATION AREA CAPACITY ‘The reservoir elevation-area-capacity curve at Drangdhuran dam site has.been obtained on the basis of cross-sections available uls of dam site-up to reservoir rim on Marusudar River and its tributaries. The Reservoir will extend up to a distance of around 10.25 km upstream of the dam site and will have a surface area of 228 Ha and gross storage of 125.4 Meum at FRL EL 1700 m. 4.4 DESIGN FLOOD “The design flood has been estimated by adopting following two approaches: 4." Probabilistic approach using frequency analysis 2. Deterministic approach using Unit Hydrograph analysis, 2-day PMF of 5600 cumec is recommended as design flood based on deterministic approach. : 4.5 DIVERSION FLOOD 1 The adopted value for diversion flood is 2000 cumec, which is 1 in 100 year monsoon fload at mean line. 46 RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION ‘The average annual suspended sediment load on the basis of the observed data at Sirsi from 1977-2003 has been worked out as 240.7 Ham. Considering 20% bed load, the average annual sediment load is computed as 252.8 Ham, which gives a silt rate of 0.075 ham/sq.km lyear. Using this silt rate, annual sediment Joad at Orangdhuran dam site is worked out as 296.67 Hem. The sediment 43 2 ad No Moe a a Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) H.E. Project distribution in Drarigdhuran reservoir has been studied based on the Empirical ‘Area Reduction method. 4.7 REFERENCE ‘The détalled hydrological studies and hydraulic transient studies ling ‘with annexure and figures are compiled in Hydrology volume of DPR. © " a WwW E a. < x o GEOLOGY 3. a MM w Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HE, Project CHAPTER - 5 GEOLOGY 5.0 GENERAL “the Pekal Dul Project is located in Dachhan ~ Marwah area of District Doda, jak, on River Marusudar, the main right bank tlbutery of River Chenab. Geoogicaly, the area forms the “Kishlwar Window Zone’ of Inner Lesser Himalayas and exposes rooks of Salknalas, Kibar & Dul Formations belonging to recambrian age, ‘The dam, a part of HRT and other eppurtenant struclures of the dam complex le in Kibar Gneisses whereas Power House, part of HRT and ther ancilry structures are housed in tow grade metamorphics viz. Sonel ohylte & quartite of Dul Formation, Structurally the area has been subjected t Intense folding and faulting as a part of Himalayan orogenesis, The Pul Dhar Ridge, Kishtwar Fault, Daddhar ~ Buzencheru Faull, Niagte- Arzi Faull Amne faut, Pakal Riverbed Fault, Main Central Thrust (MCT) are the important siructural elements in this area, Rocks of the Pipran Formalion and bul Formation depicts folding. The quarzte-phylite sequence of Dul Formation on right bank of Chenab river exhibits recumbent folding with quariae body and shylitic core and outer shell. The quartzlte-phyfte bands within he anelssee ot the Pipran Formation are highly contorted with anticlines and ‘synciines.” : Prior to taking up the project by NHPG in 2000, CWC has prepared! the Feasibility Report of the project in 1986 considering a few alternatives for project components; Subsequently NHPC explored the site inspite of inaccessibility, remoteness as viell 2s local disturbances and envisaged he project “by Sroposing a dam at Drangdhuran across: River Marusudar’and head race tunnel’: carrying inter-basin water to an underground powerhouse near Trimuli village ih Chenab valley upstream of Dul Dam. : 5-1 % ONDE Me id 2 3 2 ; ci 2 a Pakat Dul (Drangdhuran) H.B. Project 5.1. FIELD INVESTIGATION Central Water Commission (CWC) had explored the site of earlier layout through 43 nos. drill holes of cumulative depth of 637.98m and 7 nos. drifts ‘of cumulative Jength 236.5m for the earlier layouts. CWC proposed {0 utilize the head between two wide loops of the river Marusudar from Pakal to Bhandarkot a8 independent schemes. Proposal of an interbasin water transfer scheme comprising of @ straight tunnel between Pakal (Marusudar basin) and ‘Arzi (Chenab Basin) with _ a pick up weir near Trothil Nala and one powerhouse each on the right bank of the Marusudar and the Chenab river was also considered. Later on the proposal was revised to construction of a diversion dam across Marusudar river at Pakal, a HIRT with syphon crossing arrangement over Marusudar (3/5 of its confluence walth’ Troihit Nala) and an underground power house on (he right bank of river Chenab near Trimull village and the Feasiblity Report was submitted in 1986. gubsequent to taking over the project, Investigations carried out by NHPC includes topographical survey, remote sensing studies, geological mapping of project components and reservoir area, exploratory driling (11 No, of drill holes «with cumulative depth 469.5m.), exploratory drifting (5 No. with cumulative length 441m), geophysical seismic refraction profiting, seismological studies and construction matetial survey for the present layout. Apart from {his laboratory and insitu rock mechanic tests have also been undertaken. 5.2. ‘GEOTECHNICAL EVALUATION OF CIVIL STRUCTURES 5.2.4 Dam ‘Tho’ proposed site of a 167m high Concrete Faced Roekfill Dam (CFRD) near ‘Vilage Orangdhuran Is geologically mapped on 1:1000 scale and explored through 6 dill holes and 4 drifts apart from geophysical profling. The river valley at the proposed site of CFRD is a narrow gorge having rocky escarpment slope on both the banks in a stretch of about 300m length along the 5:2 Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HB. Project river course. The dam site comprise of strong to very strong, massive to widely jointed gneissic granites and gnelssic quartzites. The foliation joint (S1) strikes oblique to the river course and dips at about 40° towards upstream direction. Preponderance of foliation shear seams / zones are exhibited. Apart from the foliation joints, the rock mass is dissected by three more sets of discontinuities namely $2 (200/70%), S3 (270/60") and S4 (090/65). The abutments are exposed with strong to very strong competent aneissic rock without having much of slopewash / scree deposit and are free from any slide / slumping zone except for a few open joints near the surface. ‘The left bank at the upstream plinth of dam area comprise a wide terrace consisting of riverborne deposits of thickness 30 to 36m, as assessed by seismic reliaction survey. The top of the terrace is covered with huge boulders / rock blocks and partly embedded in sandy / silty loose matrix, : The right bank portion between dam axis and upstream plinth also comprises a wide terrace, extended upto + EL 1570M, consisting of similar materials’ as*on the left bank terrace. ‘The river channel | banks indicate broadly riverine/alluvial deposits consisting boulder, cobble and pebble rich horizon of 8-30m thick followed by fine ‘fo mediurn grained sand horizon of varying thickness from 8 fo 26m. Ahole drilled in the midstream ‘at the dam base downstream of dam axis has encountered bedrock at 56.9m & another hole at the right bank river edge has met bedrock at 480m. Gh the abutment slopes the plinth beam of CFRD will be rested on bedrock’ aiid may require normal stripping to remove surface weathering effect. On left bank the plinth would be founded almost on the bedrock. Whereas, the plinth area in the river terrace portion and active river channel constitute thick horizon of riverine deposits of about 10m thick from left side to 55-60m In the river portion. In the right abutment portion, the plinth from the river edge and upto about 53 ~~ WN HE PAB, WF Oe Ds B- Gi: ws. L SR Ber Qe BES 4 Khe 2 Ab. Pokal Dul (Drangdhuran) HB. Project EL 1630M will rest on exposed bedrock and further upslope upto dan top area comprising thin cover of slopewash deposits may have to be removed. The river borne material is highly permeable. The permeability values in sandy horizon vary from, 4.7x10" to 4.2x10" cmisec. A positive cut-off going down to bedrock to check highly permeable valley fil material would be required. Bedrock permeability values are ranging from 0.3 to 9.4 Lugeons, depicting generally Laminar and Turbulent flow conditions. 5.2.2. Spillway Arrangements Surface Spillway Surface spillway is proposed on left bank adjacent to main dam.Strong gneissic rook is exposed at the intake as wel as outlet near the bucket portion of splliway arrangement. Remaining portion on the ground Is under the cover of slopewasht inaterial of about 5 to 10m thick. The spillway construction would involve excavation of hill stope with cut height of about 60-100m mainly in strong gneissic bedrock. Slab fallure along foliation joints o clay filled joint sets are generally expected. Accordingly, the cut slopes will require rook bolts and shoterete with wiremesh support to maintain overall stability along withiberms / benches. Some shear zone/seams are anticipated at foundation grade and in cut slopes as evidenced by surface geological mapping. Such weak zones would require suitable treatment. Spiliway Tunnels Two spillway tunnels, proposed on the left bank, shall be housed in’ gneissic granite except some initial stretch in gneissic quartzite belonging to ‘Kibar Gneisses. ‘The foliation strikes across the spillway tunnel alignment Is considered to be favourable. Overall the tunneling media is anticipated to be fair (Class-IIl) to good (Class-ll) with patches of poor (Class-IV) and very poor (Class-V) rock in 5-4 As ee RMD OR WR Ete 4&1 \ 2. 5 noes 9 hee ®: Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HE, Project between. Based on the CSIR (RMR) system of rockmass classification it is anticipated that the tunnel will encounter 30% of Class ~1/ Il, 40% Class-Ill, 20% Class-IV and 10% Class-V rock. Proper support measures involving rock bolts, shoterete, wiremesh alongwith some steel ribs at the portals & in poor to very poor rock zones would be required during tunneling. Water seepage in wel to heavy dripping conditions is also anticipated, at places. 5.2.3. Diversion Tunnel ‘The river diversion arrangement envisages a 800m long, 11.0 m dia, horse shoe Shaped tunnel on left bank. The diversion tunnel shall be housed in gneissic quartzite / gneissic granite of kbar Gneisses with subordinate schist bands. The gneissic quartzite Is expected in major stretch from inlet and outlet portals, however, the middie stretch would be under gnelssic granite, The contact between these’ {wo lithounits is gradual. ‘The gheissic quartzites are_medium strong to strong and jointed. Total 4 sets of joints are aissectig the rock mass out of which foliation joints are cutting almost normal to the tunfiel alignment and is considered fo be a favourable tunneling conditions. ° In general, the gneissic granites are strong to very strong and massive, However, some poor rock zones may also be encountered along schist bands and shear zones within the gneissic quarizites. ‘The diversion tunnel Is anticipated to negotiate broadly 30% Class-Il, 50% Class- I end 20% Class-IV & Class-V rock, based on CSIR (RMR) classification, atcordingly support measures are to be provided. The inlet portal area is under the cover of riverine terrace with slope wash thaterial covering the hill slope. This would require adequate stripping to place the inlet portal, The valley dipping foliation planes will require suitable slope protection measures. Apart from this, suitable protection of thick slope wash 55 At Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HE, Project deposits, lying above the portal area would also require suitable protection. Steel ribs /- rock anchors, shoterete with wiremesh to establish portal would be required. The outlet portal is located in a jointed gneisses and hence similar type of support would be required in this area. 5.2.4 Water Conductor System “The proposed water conductor system consist of an Intake structures, (wo head race tunnels (6.75 m dia, 10 km approx length), surge shaft and two pressure shafts and four tall race tunnels (5.5 m dia and 126 m length). ‘The intake structuré, located about 20m upstream of plinth of dam (Invert level at EL1604M), will be on rock outcrop of gheissic quartzite, Due to surface weathering, the foliation planes are noted to be widely open in this area. The hill slope is covered by overburden of about § to 10m thick as colluviel deposits. ue care would be'required to develop intake area by stripping and supporting of Steel ribs / rock bolts, wire mesh & shotcrete. & ‘The proposed heat! race tunnel between Dam and Powerhouse cut across the east-west trending ‘mountain range between Marusudar and Chenab valley. The superincumbent cover above the tunnel vary from 400m near the inlet and dovinstream end to about 2000m near the Buzensheru_peak at the water divide line of both the valleys. During winters, major part of the tunnel alignment especially from dam end remains under snow cover. Inthe initial reach of about 3 km length the tunnel will be negotiating gheissic quartzite / gneissic granite with schist barids of Klber Formation, whereas, thie downstream stretch of about 7km length shall be driven through schists, phyiite, slates & subordinate bands of quartzite rocks of Dul Formation, The head race tunnel is anticipated to negotiate broadly 15% Class-l, 56% Class! and 20% of 56 Ae Ws De 8 : Pakal Dul (Drangdhuran) HE. Project Class-IV+Class-V rock, based on CSIR (RMR) classification, accordingly support measures are to be provided. 5.2.5 Power House Complex ‘The proposed underground powerhouse area, near village Trimull, upstream of Dul dam site, is explored by 335m long drifts and three dri holes apart from the geological mapping in 1:1000 scale. The underground powerhouse cavern shall be located mainly within strong quartzite rock forming lower limb of @ recumbent fold. Weak fo very weak

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