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    SLM 202

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    Omotosho Stephen
    Past Questions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Gres | x \ OBAFEMI AWOLOW®O UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE, NIGERIA. | FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE 8 \ DEPARTMENT OF SOL SCIENCE AND LAND RES: SOURCES MANAGEMENT 2010/2011 RAIN SEMESTER EXAMINATION B. Agric. si. 202 - PRINCIPLES OF SOIL SCIENCE +.» SECTION A / / 15 form of a table, namie one example egch of the olivine, pyroxene, amphibdle, phyllosilicate and - tecktosilicate group of minerals Olisine <.6™Mq, Fay Fee S104 (Forstente); Org, Fe} Mj gh 04 Cavey” fyoeeoe, € ens Mgpeg Poet) b:DS+ prnprrasre (C6) ohy, te 15, fom), py enageendt) AS LMSSTEAYG Bae Grorousey 6%, Mees) 50033 cons Cadiouse) eee as Ou coO acess ward C80Rs lone 4 teesraupcore =. Wa ialle pees eaction series}: Sone: bybes of minerals’ tat-will crystallize ‘out, at bigh temperature ‘and another 140) that will exystalize ut at low temperataie. Present your answer i she form of a table. lous bein rey! emead ee [eh Navas ‘MU st GuLE GS infeemengre (he giuth AVTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS * ODS «Gia bard ipeewate y ‘SECTIONS’ «ie weet | ogee faces ive the typ: ‘magi perce of Sila (S:0), dn the’ range one ets Sponding to each type of maga Hise sit e*sethence’6f formation ace or debris Seeka\oiy ae, ‘etia tat: are: cofisidered in the cSSEaeS of G0, Male ottorstonae 4 EOE srtable,: amas! ‘one each: of detrital! ‘(elasticy anion to inidal and bigiehiemcal'sedimientary Yock types, \ two properties at can bé-used to identify sedimentary rock: Leet NE got iditions that enhances/encoureges ‘imetamorphisi, Fins tare9, \ Piesiese Jergn eee and the most irhpettant ag f that aids each type. baptlthic) ciao Syaine the fhetanorphis equivalents of shale; saaiisione, aad i ha ee iegeke nade ; eb ek Cease ‘List the silitate’minerals in inéréasing ‘ondel of eesistance 10 Wwe: icing anti naié ohe unpestant =, factor responsible 16r this sequence: Rea tare’, Pinon, hs AippmBoteS, PEASE Draw an label a genie topography etd = pomeelleede uiline the processes that occur at any , segment of the topography drawn above. declentu, bear ponae List the four soil forming processes Aranstorma:nan, twonsie Cano 1 pees) ee ‘Yamne-the two important components of climate as a factor of soil formation. ie (nh. (2 Sat ‘Name three (3) pliysical weathering processes. Bae 3 Teanpr ero: ¢ gind wsecprrcction . SECTION C. voy coins ONE (5 DUPRE Lot | GANS L144 D0.GaS, 1 despersed hy Sed ‘Why isthe soil referred to as a “disperse polyphasic system”. ow many gases are prgsgat in a typical soil, Mention them gpd give their volumetsic proportions. 2” Soud pts OU Sik matrix) caqucd eer sun Face s¥s (Sa4atmos Pov) ” awiother Two that will erystallize at low temperature any Four fornis of physical’ weathering anid another Four fo: 5 Factors of Soil formation and'5 Processes of soil formati What is the relevance of the study of rocks ahd minerals to Ofall the rock types you are fantilial with Same another that will most likely give vise t6 Soils th ms of Bischemical weathering ion. soil management. List any 3 ‘One that will most likely give rise to a very fertile soil and aC will be low in inherent fertility Ee i zi i seein AS erie use Liles Be Pagel ae (Gare Page ota ae Sete tte pla Ccaide eatbene 3 SECTIOND, Answer All Questions. Choose The Correct ‘A group of s6il microorganisms is most active because of (a) fe: je, (©) Small size and (€) none of the above 5 ; @ Jaswer motion, ) high population, ‘When a soil is water logged, wich prucess takes place? (a) nitrification, (b) minéfalizatior (© nitrification and denitrification SOM prevents leaching of nutients because itis (a) neutral in charge, (8) positively cha (©) negatively charged, (d) none of the above 4 ‘The topmost soil horizon is generally-taken as (a) 0-25 cm, (b) 0 -20 cm, (c) 0-15 om and : @ 0-10 em, Toxic materials in soil can be rendered harmless by (a) leaching, (b) volatilization, (c) microorganisms, (d) soil microorganisms and soil organic inatter é y ‘The following microorganisms are closest in tems of shape: (@) bacteria and funti, (0) fanei é and actinomycetes, (¢) actinomysetes and algae, and (4) bacteria.and actinomycetes 1. group of microorganisms contsibates most to soil biomass onthe bass of (@) population.) size, (¢).population and size, andl () noe of the above ~ 8. Soil structure is improved by (a) soil orgainic mattér (SOM), (b) soil microorganisths, (c) SOM and soil microorganisms, and (d) none bf the aboye. 9. The nutrient supplied by SOM in largest quantities ig (8) S;(b)N, (©) P, end (OK, 10. Thieé soi! microorganisms in,increAsing order.of abundance are (a) aetinornyoebtes; fins, algae: (0) dctinomycetes, protozoa, bacteria, i : (c) battétia, actinomycetés, protozoa: and “(d) aleac, fungi, sctinomyeetes . SOM’s céntnbution to Soil éolour depends on:(a).C : Whe a'soil is wetted to field mioistire capacity © sth content of air'will be (2) 25%, 4 D565 (65 25%, and (A) 30% 2” - Be Which gfithe following docs:not contribute to SOM. formation? @ Lawn clip 6); waste food, (8) none ofthe ebove Satement ‘about SOM, is comet?" (a), miformly distibated dover the profile (Oyinereases dowa the profile, (¢) deczeases:doymn the piofile, and (@) none.of the above, = 15: The'soilOrganie matter contents of topical soils. tend to"be (a) 28M 055% : (A).nong bf the, above, a ss 16. Myconthiza involves bacteria and plant roots. (@) True, (b) False 17. nitrification reduces soit acidity. (a) True, (b),False is. elo EA Th © 5 vad For nitrogen fixation to take'plage in soil, a legume must be present. (a) True, (b),Palsc. 19. Microorganisms act only on, organic materials added to the soil. (a), True; (b) Fall = 20, Microorganisins deoomposing suil orgeuiu mutter are the ifust uumerous in soil. (aj “Tiue, (b) False: : RAIN SEMES’ SOS 202: PRINCIPLES OF SOIL SCIENCE Pedology Section the questionis sc all the elements sat ave regarded geochemical? as are regarded as major elements geochemically. baierrite ‘What factor forms the basis of geochemical relationship becween Na and Cal” Seal enetions: Attempt al major elements. Mention one ceaiga whi'the elements 3 _ Sueiene 2-Maution two cations thar vv Potente sempta geochemical classification of the elements fat ielithosphere. Present your answers in a table Vthe form ofa Fable, provide the lis of elemenc § commonly found in the lighosphere, mantlesand the core, 427 Hse in the form a Table, atempt the clasifcation,of the different Rock Forming Slice Miners ion, give two examples of the.silicare min monly involved ‘i ic that Yous For: each class of silicate mineral you ment als belonging to suther mie, to the form of a tsble, aitenige. the clasitcasion’ of Ighcpus rocks oh the esis, . chemical composition, and the mineralogy. = e is ~ an Satline fom only, state Five Brocesses that-ace iwwolved-ie ‘Lithification and Diagenesis.” What ig the moiy product of lithification and diagenetis? Seclimemacy ry ci CSRBSERRD, Aebad arco, sey chtetts Ui is andtexis? State the common product ofthis Rsomenon SESS oaths ERIE 2-305 EINE Various forms of metamorphisi! Which of die forlis bf mex ist amorphists find been reported ‘s Meption one rack type chit i.4 prodict of rhe form'of tmetaitlorphisni eailierveboreed ih Te ite a Hate two intemal (Le. non envitorimental) factors hat govern the silsceptibility of silicate mineralé ra ering. ENEraN OF Hod joMOFIOG, energy, Ot formerien of suicate Frome gee of tecture (gr ‘pation, Listany Fotir processes leddihg to the’ fottadtiaN f Soils ier uietompbsitfon, on volyjne base, SF tametat wl : SCiatae normally presenciy a given matured inineral soil -sWwansiogeanSBy, FALERIY O-mMAeTaLON Organ. cengntuen | 2 WSS oleae MOP “duilsenpidfed 16s. hergan sbfcu leven f ae » yt EES Se } oe, ee eee eae 0a Se, RGAE MG Corman: theq are SSE = : re gardedas rarer eieinent tosiney.qie 18) UNOseHETT PRem cals. C2) YC ete Pesent at—todoo rem in teks gba ess. | mania Bensig ig. saree 69) CE A Ret haveiateceat newt Sitar ome nye) 8 i frets © 9) Cerone} THY Oe Foard oclOring 2¢eda and often Substrtuting one toraroda= Nessa cares 4 C Clectatas neuteaaaINOsUA cores . List any 5 Factors aid any 5 Processes of Soil fotmanonsydu ace far’! e exjamym, Parent Matends, ¢ Peles Listthe major horizons/layers eid AS. gies 9 6 Oe z S : 3 be Sh fot.1 OE Section city 's Of potential energies operative on soil water” “A 1603 undisturbed soil core having a diameter of 6 em and height of'3 em oven dsyiiig. Calculate the following (i) soil bulk density. orosity aiid (iv 6 porosity aid (iv) lost 0.20 ¢ gt water-on Gi) soilvolumetiic water content (iin) soi} pertent pore saturation, Bios meee sag, PEE pot Soil oe ‘ WA; Lisi the steps involved in soil particle'size determination, ms feegees tg Tee ; ee erected ae CRAY: may iwe visible and four invisible components of hydrologic eyclese*** 4), es ™N ke oe - i pf) Draw a brief line of difference between the following groups: (i) infiltration Versus hydrailig’, use conductivity and (ii) interflow versus seepage ies : ne ont oe a (c) List two physical properties that influence infiltration, on Cee ae we gee er. Cael exe . + Section : & es oa XQ), List the ways in which moisture affects plan grovith, - S aa 46}. Classify the essential plant nutrients ae {2% Define soil organic matter. (4). Explain how soil organic matter buffers soil pH Ne Vv c P 2(a) Define mineralization'(b) List two advantages of alley cropping (¢) What is the effectef 7. / denivification in soi? (4) List ways by which ike Iealigy of snils can be improved. Fi Gt Ni a 6 +2? Lprye—pals )| s) QO. eat 29 % Ff » wR I a P ie ae oe Se ae ee a ODAFEMI AWOLOWO,UMIVERSITY, 11.6 FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE Nae DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE “706 720 16 202: Princinles of Soil Seieneu wsiee B. Agric. Part (U1) Exmaination ws Mewes jon: Anawer any 5 Question with scast Que question from each Section Indicate Your Reg, No., Name & Department Boldly On Your Answer Booklet SECTION A . a) Soil is, considered as a. component of the. geochemistry of the darth, crust dvi che casth crust that conteibast to th Ly Gases sninerals, a ist, matufal beating 5s Formation of soil, Rooks vce a! IGN emepenting mie | calion of elements in tig earth cvust. tangent ,cvaatornie , SeleesP I? Meroe * ‘ead for Ftd a Noburaoryideniat SHage, deavage, SPeertie Gravity, Nord neS5, CORY "* Fonaieys wd ' list, of Principal Minerol Génsttuents sma! 2, a) In the form of a Table) provide a Composition ofthe following rocks: Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite, Gabbro, Granite ant Diorite weasel? oye p)” List che various types of Delrital Sedimentacy.c6cks thiat you are familiar With, | ) yp ital 5. you oF Wi the aid of a Bearly labelled diagram only, explain How the various forur -f-unetainocped 1: By ly gras only, exp z | a biought about.» ’ E aeaiaictoss SECTION B fodor eps licates are molecules built on which eleinents? 4uhton “| OMT EA Pyetactaos Tf ahuninfum iow replaces’ silicon of in tetraheshial shect, wil the eloek increase or déprease? Briefly expthin your ansyver. e ©), What bonds re Zontained in Tetrahedral and Octahedral coordination respectivay? SY Classification ef silicate minerals is Vase ifajurly on hat? Geoeneree 4 YaLeNd = + SoMACE Geuup/ Family Ing a yyoneral fore eh es “e+ leeteign) euteality. i ae : 8 op). Olivine thinera is the least stable amnong the orthasilicates why? Cos unas a Migte noqaai ce Chara’s Wid Gna HE MIgHEY Mme NEgaMeE Chara e Te Mande oon! Lowe I a Reyes | oe 1 SBETION'C Wdeh ony caponaniem, ChewaOh ) What is Weithesing? List the proceises of chemical weathéring 7 | “yi mugen on nba Wepdraud ni, bl. What is shifting cultivation? Enumerate four (A) benefits of shifting cultivation = FY) Tisctke untesitalfletors dnd briefly explath itow-they affect weathering of rocks dnd sag coc, AP FUSGE HE ree ©) advantaged of Alley cropping, TRemaan ay uteergreny! tee OF Ereraertuonobin ah guise Rene dvd. 2) livorder to maintin the fertility of sot some fariniing ig mlethods were evolved, list EVE (6) of tient ». b)’ Whatare planted fellows?! Mention three (8) exaimples of faliow plants » tatie bond is. Suggest appropiate vations to sini AY List thie factois of soit forniation. ne aed A} That Yor) eter consilere for celncting hedgerow plant/alley crops, pa ntand ws Wy @idercclne Ne args. ond crmnelis |) List? functions of micro-organisms in soils Aas ee AU ape St fn op 1M Goblet TO BcewE oH URION BT I BAIA the classes of soi] micro-organisms in drdler of abundance s}) Mention § conditions that influence the activities of micco-orgenisms in soils SECTION wy Give a quantitative representation of the followings: (9) Soil bulk density, (x) Volumetrie me content, (i) Porosity snd (iv) Void ratio (c)’“Mention five (5) voles of water in soils 1) Whats the hydrologic cy \e? List five (5) uses of evapetranspiration data (Nw = tun MS FOUT vora excavated ay wi wand ha sie soil jest SODAS after aout 72 hog. lory unurcise, a Pie OF Sel weighing 2289 Mr MANNE 200 ep ster atter i tear vee D1 the cost 2 Parti Scil mvistare ©) The soit bury, densi © The seit Porvsiiy, (8) The soit ai by bss oo Rat Sampling g cu Ly ee Canettih between the ‘fatter ings: (i) Ranta ana Presipitation, bad ONES Rion, 69) Rengip ns Intesflow Non siicarol — Stueares . “Surpina Nesoturcos e Pursaeoe Ceing re Stu prcate 'ostiroare S Ph bole Chocroty ec . i ae ~ Ynquosucare 3 bo i aKe eee > PE TRCicomwcate: : ec nore beee frost E F ee oes Section B: Answer all the question in this Section : OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE- FE, NIGERIA b FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE ‘DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE. RAIN SEMESTER, 2005/2006 EXAMINATION : SOS 202: Principles of soil Science. Section A, Answer all the Questions in this Section Briefly explain how mode of formation, chemical composition, and the mineralogical composition of rocks would determine the type of igneous rocks that would be formed (use. skeiches,and tables where necessary to illustrate your , explanation), -Metamorphism in rocks can bé brought about as a result of changes in er temperature, pressure or a combination of these. With an appropriate sketch, iflusirate how these factors (i.e temperature, pressure and combination of these) would bring about Giidngés izrrocks and indicate the form of metamorphism that would be caused by..each factor. In a concise manner, discuss sedimentary rock formation with particular reference to the origiiial ick (1 ‘e pre-existing rock), the effects of weathering and erosion, agents of transportation, principal site of deposition, sediment group and: sedimentary rock types (use appropriate sketch to illustrate your discussion List S.physieal properties that can’be used for the identification of te rock wy forming minerals. Ceavage; CoLoar : Seearcaraa try, Hardness; ShaPe ouilines forms each of Physical and eee al weathering Physical = ether fH aie, Udleadine frees eee Gries Gus | eaeding AnH "2 Cesena 2 ~ madaron rs A chgac hon tradieahON , comp Mace er MEAS Oa dor oS Sarees the Susceptibility of aprisnanly mineral to weathering » Gond.enerty Formanad | Eo egy oT hone tor Marwe , fre ray of fre TEMOOLWH P-SALLE frome WOW | ¢ Differentiate between primary and secondary minerals Parent sninerol8 6° Taso foe ‘Sera hE SeomnEayy. minerals Hye ei nevale SHinnRed Gs a esas of LAINE Hg Briefly illustrate how Bowen reaction series can be used to explained-primat ry mineral stability-to weathering At mahiempietase, Conger acc -elyno + as inerqe> crastau ges ous a." Draw schematic diagram of the soil, showing the three phases and their relative composition on volumetric gravimetric bases. b. Mention five roles of water in soil Me 2 2 Inyour laboratory exercise, a piece of soil weighing 1800g and having a volume «3 0f 1000cm3 was excavated at saturation from a field . The Soil was oven -dried in the laboratory until a constant weight of 1200 was recorded (after about 72 hours) Determine the following We (a) The soil moisture content at sampling {b) The soil bulk density e + (©) The soil air content at sampling. WC (@)_. The sol porosity aaa : eae 8 5 eo ee 20 he | Bes | ens a ES OR abs ate bie My vee ee Ve 3. (@) Wha “s hydrologic cycle? (6) Briefly explain the following (i) Precipitation, (ii)Transpiration (iii) Evapotranspiration (jv) Ground water recharge, and (v) interflow (©) List Five (5) uses of evapotranspiration data Section C: Answer all the Question in this Section 1. Mentidin the factors controlling’ plant, growth and indicate which of these is not supplied by Soil? 2. What are primary and secondaty nutrients? 3. Give general composition on volume basis of typical mineral top soil and explain briefly the composition of inorganic (minéral) constituents. doo -Whitis the relationship between soil organic matter and microorganisms? i 5. “! Givé a beneficial effects ot Sivetions of soil orgatiic matter. : 6. List soil micrdofganisin* influence on soil as a medium for plant growth. 7. Giyed important activities microorganisms ‘influence’on soil as a medium f % (plant growth.’ 8 Differentiate between Actinomycetes and sd fang Mieewnrne “hemge era fat mpc 00% aye OBAFEMI AWOLWO UNIVERSITY, ILE- IFE, NIGERIA FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, ory Ye 9 Big Me Ty ‘ 1] “ DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE Bain semester, 2005/2006 Continuous Assessment Test 1 5H : Insnuction: Atemprall the questions Weinophite , Chal cophit?, Sea evoPhde, WHALE ft cay Geochemicelly, elements can be grouped into four. In the form of a table, state the Four possible classes and give two properties of the elements belonging to each of the classes you have listed. 3 With appropriate illustrations, explain the mineralogical composition of the earth crust 10 indicate the followings: Changes in the specific gravity with increasing distance from the crust to the en, ; : res G b, Distribution of the Al-silicates, and the sulphides Wagdces fe PE priji_ Following the eruption of the molten magma (commonly at temperature of about ie Coy *T 700 to 1200°C), list 3 things (j.e3 possible products) that could be formed = Bese ce dew Se Tay” What factor explains the predominance of quartz and zluminosilicates in the YS we Srlcon lithosphere? “ oe B o<44en a mechaoncay warm yaPETeS Sl ‘ a i eeeo ne mention the factor that governs the coordination number of a given cation < Sazent? padres efi ~ Amongst the geochemically major elements in the lithosphere, some ofthe major elements are said to be geochemically related-give 2 examples of such clements L¥@y4 1 {41 List 5 physical properties that can be used to identify the common rock formins ie Bo i ee cavabreh hardness e500 OFTENCY YOON GBS Mo reper en wf rminerals-teavag® Co:00r \$fa0e, Sette qravint hades vi : ' : A ee mania Com exec, Hteee Fee State 2 factor that can cause colouration of minerals Seserere cleteceen mnt yt eee Pruch CES/ what are Chromophores? list Two relevant elements S29, By io Hhexe W Pee See Chun epee 5 mente Duby ehantid UP AIKEN Fe Seseate of —_X/_In the form of a table, separate the rock types into different group on the basis of: 01471“ jrepus res “a Texture or grain size b. Mineralogical composition Gabbro, Dolerite Basalt, Andesite,Diorité, Syenite, Trachyte, Granite Quartz- porphyry and Rhyolite (anare 3% Grane example of each of the following sedimentary rock type: Calcareous; hiorganic/Chemical precipitate; and Biogenic. 138i Attempt the classification of thefolloviing sedimentary rock types using grain size as the basis of your grouping: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, mudstone, } stale; Ee sine, - and shale FE, REG, Tram URE Chay x5 In the form ofa table , list the three types of metanicrphism you are familiar 3... with, and give one rock types as an example of each of the metamorphic product ‘Xiy, Which of the metamorphic sock types in xiii above is more prevalent in Ife Area? | as te 42X07 List Two internal factors that commonly affect the weathering of minerals E80 Neral + ~Xvi__ State five types ofphysical and 3 types of chemical weathering, 4 Xvie List 3 factors that can accelerate hydrolytic weathering of rocks and minerals a) How can solvated metals (i.¢ cations) in soil solution be remove? Give 4 possible ways. Cer Ge Sanur Kuen FN Teh ie STRUCeTUEL mung Soures BI-es4e iy’ State the possible master horizons in a given soil profile establish in soils derived Giehared “from a typical igneous or metamorphic rock. Aamo oat 3" Givea possible general composition of atypical mineral soil satan OBAFEMY AWOLWO UNIVERSITY, ILE- IFE, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, i: opresene oe np bbe DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENC EH Binge = art d See Ro we\RAIN SEMESTER, 1999 /2000 EXAMINATION aj Tectoscurat = Quart, SOS 202 PRINCIPLE OF SOIL SCIENCE Ortheriagy Ky, ~ SECTIONA 3 * Aaipite M4 Instuction Attempt all the questions. © Roo trite ime allowed: 2hrs (a> Felospes Prynosuecate < Mitq |) Name the eight (8) most abundant elements of the earth crust in ae eis r ce Oa sSu Fe, Mg, Ca, na, Muscovite, Bonie | ser ofabundance 4s K ».) which clements can substitute for silicon and iron respectively? See RL, Fogg OM Attempt a classifi WesbSSELE cation of silicate class Arpm ected saie minerals giving anamed example for each F owning, Faerente, favaltie, Irosicaiey e PuroneneT AUGHE —4y" State the two (2) assumptions /principles governing silicate ‘mineral formation ~ _£Y List Five (5) physical properties of minerals that can be used for mineral YU identification Geavag e, colour; Naren ess , Sma ee, SPecrtes Giduirg - Wel) What role (s) does the rate of cooling of magma play in the formation of igneous rocks? eng ace 2.27 List the possible textural classes of igneous rocks jarramaht, maine, forerenedia ,

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