Thy Nguyn nh

HNG DN GII CHI TIT THI TUYN SINH THPT QUC GIA NM 2015
MN HA HC
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht
P N
1A

2C

3C

4B

5B

6B

7A

8B

9D

10B

11D

12A

13A

14A

15C

16D

17A

18B

19B

20C

21B

22C

23B

24A

25D

26A

27D

28B

29D

30C

31D

32D

33D

34B

35A

36A

37C

38B

39D

40C

41C

42D

43A

44A

45C

46D

47B

48C

49C

50D

Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t : H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S =
32; Cl = 35,5; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Sr = 88; Ag=108; Ba = 137.
Cu 1 : Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh?
t0
t0
CaO + CO2.
2KCl + 3O2.
A. CaCO3
B. 2KClO3
t0
2Fe2O3 + 4H2O.
C. 2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O. D. 4Fe(OH)2 + O2
Gii
Cu 2 : Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 1s22s22p63s23p1. S hiu nguyn t ca X l
A. 14.
B. 15.
C. 13.
D. 27.
Gii
S hiu nguyn t ca X l (2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 1) = 13.
Cu 3 : Lu hunh trong cht no sau y va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh?
B. H2SO4.
C. SO2.
D. H2S.
A. Na2SO4.
Gii
Do co s oxi ha t mc trung gian l +4 nn SO2 va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh.
Cu 4: Trong cc ion sau y, ion no c tnh oxi ha mnh nht?
A. Ca2+.
B. Ag+.
C. Cu2+.
D. Zn2+.
Gii
Ion Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh nht.
Cu 5: Ha tan hon ton 1,6 gam Cu bng dung dch HNO3, thu c x mol NO2 (l sn phm kh duy
nht ca N+5). Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,15.
B. 0,05.
C. 0,25.
D. 0,10.
Gii
Bo ton electron cho x = 2nCu = 0,05.
Cu 6: Kim loi Fe khng phn ng vi cht no sau y trong dung dch?
A. CuSO4.
B. MgCl2.
C. FeCl3.
D. AgNO3.
Gii
Kim loi Fe khng phn ng vi dung dch MgCl2.
Cu 7: Qung boxit c dng sn xut kim loi no sau y?
A. Al.
B. Na.
C. Mg.
D. Cu.
Gii
Qung boxit c dng sn xut Al.
Cu 8: Oxit no sau y l oxit axit?
A. CaO.
B. CrO3.
C. Na2O.
D. MgO.
Gii
CrO3 l oxit axit.
Cu 9: Phng php chung iu ch cc kim loi Na, Ca, Al trong cng nghip l
A. in phn dung dch.
B. nhit luyn.
C. thy luyn.
D. in phn nng chy.

Thy Nguyn nh
Gii
Phng php chung iu ch cc kim loi Na, Ca, Al trong cng nghip l in phn nng
chy.
Cu 10: Thc hin cc th nghim sau iu kin thng:
(a) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2.
(b) Cho CaO vo H2O.
(c) Cho Na2CO3 vo dung dch CH3COOH.
(d) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 1.
Gii
C 4 th nghim u xy ra phn ng.
Cu 11: iu kin thng, kim loi no sau y khng phn ng vi nc?
A. K.
B. Na.
C. Ba.
D. Be.
Gii
iu kin thng, kim loi Be khng phn ng vi nc.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton m gam Fe trong kh Cl2 d, thu c 6,5 gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,24.
B. 2,80.
C. 1,12.
D. 0,56.
Gii
Ta c s mol Fe = s mol FeCl3 = 0,04 mol nn m = 2,24.
Cu 13: Ha tan hon ton 6,5 gam Zn bng dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V
l
A. 2,24.
B. 3,36.
C. 1,12.
D. 4,48.
Gii
Ta c s mol Zn = s mol H2 = 0,1 mol nn V = 2,24.
Cu 14: Kh hon ton 4,8 gam Fe2O3 bng CO d nhit cao. Khi lng Fe thu c sau phn ng l
A. 3,36 gam.
B. 2,52 gam.
C. 1,68 gam.
D. 1,44 gam.
Gii
V s mol Fe2O3 = 0,03 mol nn s mol Fe = 0,06 mol tc m = 3,36.
Cu 15: Cho 0,5 gam mt kim loi ha tr II phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 0,28 lt H2 (ktc).
Kim loi l
A. Ba.
B. Mg.
C. Ca.
D. Sr.
Gii
0,5
= 40(Ca).
Ta c M =
0,28
22, 4
Cu 16: Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo vi
A. ancol etylic.
B. ancol metylic.
C. etylen glicol.
D. glixerol.
Gii
Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo vi glixerol.
Cu 17: Kh thin nhin c dng lm nhin liu v nguyn liu cho cc nh my sn xut in, s, m,
ancol metylic, Thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin l metan. Cng thc phn t ca metan l
A. CH4.
B. C2H4.
C. C2H2.
D. C6H6.
Gii
Cng thc phn t ca metan l CH4.
Cu 18: X phng ha hon ton 3,7 gam HCOOC2H5 bng mt lng dung dch NaOH va . C cn
dung dch sau phn ng, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,2.
B. 3,4.
C. 3,2.
D. 4,8.
Gii
Ta c s mol HCOONa = s mol HCOOC2H5 = 0,05 mol nn m = 68.0,05 = 3,4.
Cu 19: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) nhit thng, Cu(OH)2 tan c trong dung dch glixerol.
(b) nhit thng, C2H4 phn ng c vi nc brom.
(c) t chy hon ton CH3COOCH3 thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O.

Thy Nguyn nh
(d) Glyxin (H2NCH2COOH) phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH.
S pht biu ng l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
Gii
C 4 pht biu trn u ng.
Cu 20: Cht no sau y thuc loi amin bc mt?
A. CH3NHCH3.
B. (CH3)3N.
C. CH3NH2.
D. CH3CH2NHCH3.
Gii
Cht thuc loi amin bc mt l CH3NH2.
Cu 21: Amino axit X trong phn t c mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho 26,7 gam X phn ng
vi lng d dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch cha 37,65 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2N-[CH2]4-COOH.
B. H2N-[CH2]2-COOH.
C. H2N-[CH2]3-COOH.
D. H2N-CH2-COOH.
Gii
26 ,7
Ta c MX =
= 89 nn X l H2N-[CH2]2-COOH.
37 ,65 - 26, 7
36 ,5
Cu 22: Trong cc cht sau y, cht no c nhit si cao nht?
A. CH3CHO.
B. CH3CH3.
C. CH3COOH.
D. CH3CH2OH.
Gii
Trong cc cht cng s C, cht c nhit si cao nht lun l axit (chn CH3COOH).
Cu 23: Cho CH3CHO phn ng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) thu c
A. CH3OH.
B. CH3CH2OH.
C. CH3COOH.
D. HCOOH.
Gii
Cho CH3CHO phn ng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) thu c C2H5OH.
Cu 24: Cht no sau y khng phn ng c vi dung dch axit axetic?
A. Cu.
B. Zn.
C. NaOH.
D. CaCO3.
Gii
Kim loi Cu khng phn ng c vi dung dch axit axetic.
Cu 25: Khi lm th nghim vi H2SO4 c, nng thng sinh ra kh SO2. hn ch tt nht kh SO2 thot
ra gy nhim mi trng, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng bng tm dung dch no sau y?
B. Mui n.
C. Cn.
D. Xt.
A. Gim n.
Gii
Do SO2 l oxit axit nn ngi ta nt ng nghim bng bng tm dung dch xt hn ch SO2
thot ra.
Cu 26: Qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng
nhng phn t nh khc (th d H2O) c gi l phn ng
A. trng ngng
B. trng hp.
C. x phng ha.
D. thy phn.
Gii
Qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng
nhng phn t nh khc (th d H2O) c gi l phn ng trng ngng.
Cu 27: t chy hon ton cht hu c no sau y thu c sn phm c cha N2?
A. Cht bo.
B. Tinh bt.
C. Xenluloz.
D. Protein.
Gii
t chy hon ton protein thu c sn phm c cha N2.
Cu 28: un 3,0 gam CH3COOH vi C2H5OH d (xc tc H2SO4 c), thu c 2,2 gam CH3COOC2H5.
Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha tnh theo axit l
A. 25,00%.
B. 50,00%.
C. 36,67%.
D. 20,75%.
Gii
2, 2
= 50%
Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha =
88.0,05
Cu 29: Cht no sau y khng thy phn trong mi trng axit?
A. Xenluloz.
B. Saccaroz.
C. Tinh bt.
D. Glucoz.
Gii

Thy Nguyn nh
Glucoz khng thy phn trong mi trng axit.
Cu 30: Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. St c trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu.
B. Phn chua c dng lm trong nc c.
C. Trong t nhin, cc kim loi kim ch tn ti dng n cht.
D. Hp kim liti nhm siu nh, c dng trong k thut hng khng.
Gii
Do c tnh kh rt mnh nn trong t nhin, cc kim loi kim ch tn ti dng hp cht.
Cu 31 : Tin hnh cc th nghim sau iu kin thng:
(a) Sc kh SO 2 vo dung dch H2S
(b) Sc kh F2 vo nc
(c) Cho KMnO4 vo dung dch HCl c
(d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch NaOH
(e) Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH
(g) Cho Na3SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4
S th nghim c sinh ra n cht l
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5
D. 4
Gii
S th nghim c sinh ra n cht l 4, gm a; b; c v e.
Cu 32 : Ha tan 1,12 gam Fe bng 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,2 M , thu c dung dch X v kh H2. Cho
dung dch AgNO3 d vo X, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5) v m gam kt ta. Bit cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,23
B. 8,61
C. 7,36
D. 9,15
Gii
Ban u ta c nFe = 0,02 mol; n H+ = n Cl- = 0,06 mol.
Do dung dch X cha 0,02 mol Fe2+; 0,02 mol H+ v 0,06 mol Cl- .
Khi cho dung dch AgNO3 d vo X, ngoi vic to 0,06 mol kt ta AgCl, cn xy ra phn ng:
3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
3Fe2+ + 4H+ + NO3-
0,015mol 0,02mol
Sau phn ng ny, Fe2+ cn d 0,005 mol s phn ng ht vi Ag+ to 0,005 mol kt ta Ag.
Vy m = 143,5.0,06 + 108.0,005 = 9,15.
Cu 33: Amino axit X cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH trong phn t. Y l este ca X vi ancol
n cht, My = 89. Cng thc ca X, Y ln lt l
A. H2N-[CH2]2-COOH, H2N-[CH2]2-COOCH3.
B. H2N-[CH2]2-COOH, H2N-[CH2]2-COOC2H5.
C. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-COOC2H5.
D. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-COOCH3.
Gii
Amino axit X cn tm phi c cng thc phn t C3H7NO2.
Cu 34: Bng di y ghi li hin tng khi lm th nghim vi cc cht sau dng dung dch nc : X, Y,
Z, T v Q
Cht
X
Y
Z
T
Q
Thuc th
Qu tm
khng i
khng i
khng i khng i khng i
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
Dung dch AgNO3/NH3,
khng c kt
khng
c
khng
c
Ag
Ag
un nh
ta
kt ta
kt ta
Cu(OH)2, lc nh
Cu(OH)2
dung dch
dung dch Cu(OH)2
Cu(OH)2
khng tan
xanh lam
xanh lam khng tan khng tan
Nc brom
kt ta trng khng c kt khng c
khng c
khng c
ta
kt ta
kt ta
kt ta
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T v Q ln lt l

Thy Nguyn nh
A. Glixerol, glucoz, etylen glicol, metanol, axetanehit
B. Phenol, glucoz, glixerol, etanol, anehit fomic
C. Anilin, glucoz, glixerol, anehit fomic, metanol
D. Fructoz, glucoz, axetanehit, etanol, anehit fomic
Gii
V th nghim vi nc brom to kt ta nn X l phenol hoc aniline. Vy loi A, D.
Nhng Q cho phn ng trng gng nn loi C. Vy chn B.
Cu 35: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(a) Cho Mg vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 d
(b) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2
(c) Dn kh H2 d qua bt CuO nung nng
(d) Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4 d
(e) Nhit phn AgNO3
(g) t FeS2 trong khng kh
(h) in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr
Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, s th nghim thu c kim loi l
A. 3
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
Gii
Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, s th nghim thu c kim loi l 3, gm c; e v h.
Cu 36: in phn dung dch mui MSO4 (M l kim loi) vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i.
Sau thi gian t giy, thu c a mol kh anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu
c c hai in cc l 2,5a mol. Gi s hiu sut in phn l 100%, kh sinh ra khng tan trong nc.
Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Khi thu c 1,8a mol kh anot th vn cha xut hin bt kh catot.
B. Ti thi im 2t giy, c bt kh catot.
C. Dung dch sau in phn c pH<7
D. Ti thi im t giy, ion M2+ cha b in phn ht.
Gii
rng anot lun ch thu c O2. Vy nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th anot thu c 2a
mol O2 v catot thu c 0,5a mol H2 vi cc qu trnh din ra cc in cc nh sau:
ANOT
CATOT
+
2+
2H 2 O
O2 + 4H + 4e
M
M + 2e
2a
8a
8a
3,5a
7a
2H 2 O + 2e
H2 + 2OHa
0,5a
a
Do dung dch ban u cha 3,5 a mol MSO4.
Nh vy khi thu c 1,8a mol kh anot th c 7,2 a mol electron tham gia phn ng, v phi c
(7,2a 2.3,5a) = 0,2a mol electron tham gia gii phng 0,1a mol H2 catot (chn A).
Cu 37: phn tch nh tnh cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c, ngi ta thc hin mt th nghim c
m t nh hnh v:

Pht biu no sau y ng?

A. Th nghim trn dng xc nh nit c trong hp cht hu c.
B. Bng trn CuSO4 khan c tc dng chnh l ngn hi hp cht hu c thot ra khi ng nghim.

Thy Nguyn nh
C. Trong th nghim trn c th thay dung dch Ca(OH)2 bng dung dch Ba(OH)2
D. Th nghim trn dng xc nh clo c trong hp cht hu c.
Gii
Dung dch Ca(OH)2 dng nhn din CO2 do C trong cht hu c to thnh, v th c th thay
dung dch Ca(OH)2 bng dung dch Ba(OH)2.
Cu 38: Hn hp X gm CaC2 x mol v Al4C3 y mol. Cho mt lng nh X vo H2O rt d, thu c dung
dch Y, hn hp kh Z (C2H2, CH4) v a gam kt ta Al(OH)3. t chy ht Z, ri cho ton b sn phm vo
Y c 2a gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. T l x : y bng
A. 3 : 2
B. 4 : 3
C. 1 : 2
D. 5 : 6
Gii
C th gii kh nhanh bng cch thay cc phng n tr li vo bi ton ri tm phng n ph hp
vi d kin . V d theo phng n B th X gm 4 mol CaC2 v 3 mol Al4C3 nn:
- Dung dch Y cha 8 mol AlO -2 . Kt ta thu c khi ha tan X vo nc l 4 mol Al(OH)3.
- t Z thu c 17 mol CO2, lng CO2 ny sc vo Y cha 8 mol AlO -2 phi to kt ta l 8 mol
Al(OH)3 (tha bi l thu c ln lt a v 2a gam kt ta). Vy chn B.
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon mch h, c th l ankan, anken, ankin, ankadien. t chy hon
ton mt lng X, thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau, X khng th gm
A. ankan v ankin
B. ankan v ankaien C. hai anken
D. ankan v anken
Gii
t chy hn hp gm ankan v anken lun c n CO2 < n H2 O .
Cu 40: Cho mt lng hn hp X gm Ba v Na vo 200 ml dung dch Y gm HCl 0,1M v CuCl2 0,1M.
Kt thc cc phn ng, thu c 0,448 lt kh (ktc) v m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,28
B. 0,64
C. 0,98
D. 1,96
Gii
V c 0,02 mol H2 nn OH cn li phn ng vi Cu2+ l (2.0,02 0,02) = 0,02 mol. Do Cu2+
trong Y l 0,02 mol nn ch thu c 0,01 mol Cu(OH)2 tc 0,98 gam.
Cu 41: Hn hp X gm 3 este n chc, to thnh t cng mt ancol Y vi 3 axit cacboxylic (phn t ch
c nhm -COOH); trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no (c ng phn
hnh hc, cha mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t). Thy phn hon ton 5,88 gam X bng dung dch
NaOH, thu c hn hp mui v m gam ancol Y. Cho m gam Y vo bnh ng Na d, sau phn ng thu
c 896 ml kh (ktc) v khi lng bnh tng 2,48 gam. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton 5,88 gam X th
thu c CO2 v 3,96 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca este khng no trong X l
A. 38,76%
B. 40,82%
C. 34,01%
D. 29,25%
Gii
V hn hp X gm cc este n chc nn Y l ancol n chc v cc axit cng n chc.
V H2 thu c l 0,04 mol nn ancol Y to thnh l 0,08 mol. Mt khc khi lng bnh ng Na
d tng 2,48 gam nn m Y - m H2 = 2, 48 0,08M Y - 2.0,04 = 2, 48 M Y = 32.
t cng thc 2 este no l CnH2nO2 (a mol) v este cha no l CmH2m 2O2 (b mol), ta c h:
a(14n + 32) + b(14m + 30) = 5,88
a = 0, 06

b = 0, 02
0,06n + 0, 02m = 0, 24 3n + m = 12.
a + b = 0, 08
an + b(m - 1) = 0, 22
an + bm = 0, 24

Ch y l cc este ca ancol metylic nn ta phi c n > 2; m 5 . Ch c n =

7
= 2 ,33 v m = 5 l
3

ph hp.
100.0,02
= 34,01%
5,88
Cu 42: un hn hp etylen glicol v axit cacboxylic X (phn t ch c nhm -COOH) vi xc tc H2SO4
c, thu c hn hp sn phm hu c, trong c cht hu c Y mch h. t chy hon ton 3,95 gam
Y cn 4,00 gam O2, thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l mol tng ng 2 : 1. Bit Y c cng thc phn t trng
vi cng thc n gin nht, Y phn ng c vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng 1: 2. Pht biu no sau
y sai?

Do % este cha no =

Thy Nguyn nh
A. Y tham gia c phn ng cng vi Br2 theo t l mol tng ng 1 : 2.
B. Tng s nguyn t hiro trong hai phn t X, Y bng 8
C. Y khng c phn ng trng bc
D. X c ng phn hnh hc
Gii
t cng thc Y l CxHyOz (a mol), theo phn ng chy ta c h:

y z
4
= 0,125
a(x + - ) =
ax = 0,15
4
2
32

a(12x + y + 16z) = 3,95 ay = 0,15 x : y : z = 6 : 6 : 5

ax 2
az = 0,125

=
ay 1
2
V Y c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht nn Y c cng thc phn t l
C6H6O5. Mt khc Y l este ca etylen glicol v Y mch h, phn ng c vi NaOH theo t l mol tng
ng 1: 2 nn Y phi c cu to: HOOC - C C - COO - CH 2 - CH 2 OH .
Do X c cu to HOOC - C C - COOH .
Nh vy tng s nguyn t hiro trong hai phn t X, Y bng 8.
Cu 43: Cho 0,7 mol hn hp T gm hai peptit mch h l X (x mol) v Y (y mol), u to bi glyxin v
alanin. un nng 0,7 mol T trong lng d dung dch NaOH th c 3,8 mol NaOH phn ng v thu c
dung dch cha m gam mui. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton x mol X hoc y mol Y th u thu c cng
s mol CO2. Bit tng s nguyn t oxi trong hai phn t X v Y l 13, trong X v Y u c s lin kt peptit
khng nh hn 4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 396,6
B. 340,8
C. 409,2
D. 399,4
Gii
V tng s nguyn t oxi trong hai phn t X v Y l 13, trong X v Y u c s lin kt peptit
khng nh hn 4 nn X, Y l cc pentapeptit v hexapeptit.
Gi s X l pentapeptit Cn H 2n -3 N5O6 (10 < n < 15) ; Y l hexapeptit Cm H 2m -4 N 6O7 (12 < m < 18) , d
dng tnh c 0,7 mol T gm 0,4 mol X v 0,3 mol Y.
V t chy hon ton x mol X hoc y mol Y th u thu c cng s mol CO2 nn 0,4n = 0,3m tc
4n = 3m. Ch c n = 12 v m = 16 l ph hp.
Do X l C12H21N5O6; Y l C16H28N6O7.
Bo ton khi lng cho m = mT + mNaOH mnc
= (0,4.331 + 0,3.416) + 40.3,8 18(0,4 + 0,3) = 396,6.
Cu 44: Hn hp T gm hai ancol n chc l X v Y (Mx < My), ng ng k tip ca nhau. un nng
27,2 gam T vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z gm: 0,08 mol ba este (c khi lng 6,76
gam) v mt lng ancol d. t chy hon ton Z cn va 43,68 lt O2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng to ete
ca X v Y ln lt l
A. 50% v 20%
B. 20% v 40%
C. 40% v 30%
D. 30% v 30%
Gii
t cng thc trung bnh 2 ancol l CnH2n+1OH th cng thc trung bnh 3 ete l (CnH2n+1)2O, do
6, 76
= 84,5 28n + 18 = 84,5 n = 2,375.
phn t lng trung bnh 3 ete =
0, 08
Vy 2 ancol l X: C2H5OH (a mol) v Y: C3H7OH (b mol).
rng t chy hon ton Z cn mt lng O2 bng vi lng O2 t chy hon ton T nn ta
c h:
46a + 60b = 27, 2
a = 0, 2

43, 68

3a + 4,5b = 22, 4 = 1,95 b = 0,3

Gi x, y ln lt l s mol X, Y to ete, ta c h:

Thy Nguyn nh

x + y = 2.0,08 = 0,16
x = 0,1

46x + 60y = 6,76 + 18.0,08 = 8, 2 y = 0,06

0,1
0,06
Do hiu sut to ete ca X =
= 50% ; ca Y =
= 20%
0, 2
0,3
Cu 45: Cho 8,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long
(dung dch Y), thu c 1,344 lt NO (ktc) v dung dch Z. Dung dch Z ha tan ti a 5,04 gam Fe, sinh ra
kh NO. Bit trong cc phn ng, NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5. S mol HNO3 c trong Y l
A. 0,78 mol
B. 0,54 mol
C. 0,50 mol
D. 0,44 mol
Gii
Gi s X gm a mol Fe v b mol O.
V dung dch Z c kh nng ha tan ti a 0,09 mol Fe v sinh ra thm NO (x mol) nn Z phi cha
HNO3 d v Fe3+. Sau phn ng ha tan ti a 0,09 mol Fe, dung dch ch cha Fe2+ nn ta c h:
56a + 16b = 8,16
a = 0,12

b = 0,09
3a = 2b + 0,06.3
2(a + 0, 09) = 2b + 3(0,06 + x)
x = 0, 02

Vy s mol HNO3 trong Y = (3a + 0,06) + 4x = 0,5.

Cu 46: Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm hn hp X gm 0,03 mol Cr2O3; 0,04 mol FeO v a mol Al. Sau
mt thi gian phn ng, trn u, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt
phn ng va vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M (long). Phn hai phn ng vi dung dch HCl long,
nng (d), thu c 1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi s trong phn ng nhit nhm, Cr2O3 ch b kh thnh Cr.
Phn trm khi lng Cr2O3 phn ng l
A. 20,00%
B. 33,33%
C. 50,00%
D. 66,67%
Gii
rng khi Cr2O3 b kh thnh Cr th FeO b kh ht thnh Fe.
Gi x l s mol Cr2O3 b kh thnh Cr, nh vy rn Y gm:
Fe : 0, 04mol
0,04

Cr : 2 x mol
x = 0, 02
y + 2(x + 3 ) = 2.0,04 = 0,08

0, 04
0,04
Al 2 O3 : (x + 3 )mol 0,04 + 2x + 3y = 2.0,05 = 0,1
y = 3

2
Al : y mol
0, 02
= 66,67% .
0, 03
Cu 47: Hn hp X gm 2 cht c cng thc phn t l C3H12N2O3 v C2H8N2O3. Cho 3,40 gam X phn ng
va vi dung dch NaOH (un nng), thu c dung dch Y ch gm cc cht v c v 0,04 mol hn hp
2 cht hu c n chc (u lm xanh giy qu tm m). C cn Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 3,12
B. 2,76
C. 3,36
D. 2,97
Gii
Theo X gm C3H12N2O3 v C2H8N2O3, ng vi cu to ln lt l (CH3NH3)2CO3 (a mol) v
C2H5NH3NO3 (b mol). Do ta c h:
124a + 108b = 3, 4 a = 0,01

2a + b = 0,04
b = 0,02
Nh vy Y gm 0,01 mol Na2CO3 v 0,02 mol NaNO3 nn m = 106.0,01 + 85.0,02 = 2,76.
Cu 48: X l dung dch HCl nng x mol/l. Y l dung dch Na2CO3 nng y mol/l. Nh t t 100 ml X
vo 100 ml Y, sau cc phn ng thu c V1 lt CO2 (ktc). Nh t t 100 ml Y vo 100 ml X, sau phn ng
thu c V2 lt CO2 (ktc). Bit t l V1:V2 = 4:7. T l x:y bng
A. 11:4
B. 11:7
C. 7:5
D. 7:3
Gii
Cng c th gii kh nhanh bng cch thay cc phng n tr li vo bi ton ri tm phng n ph
hp vi d kin .

Vy %Cr2O3 b kh =

Thy Nguyn nh
V d theo phng n B th dung dch X cha 7 mol H+ v dung dch Y cha 5 mol CO 32 - nn:
+ Nh t t X vo Y
c 2 mol CO2 do xy ra ln lt cc phn ng:
HCO3H+ + CO 32 -
5 mol 5 mol
5 mol
+
CO2 + H2O
H + HCO3
2 mol 2 mol
2 mol
+ Nh t t Y vo X
c 3,5 mol CO2 do xy ra phn ng:
2H+ + CO 32 -
CO2 + H2O
7 mol 3,5 mol
3,5 mol
Vy V1:V2 = 2 : 3,5 = 4:7 (tha).
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c no , mch h (u cha C, H, O), trong phn t mi cht c hai
nhm chc trong s cc nhm OH, -CHO, -COOH. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 4,05 gam Ag v 1,86 gam mt mui amoni hu c. Cho ton b lng
mui amoni hu c ny vo dung dch NaOH (d, un nng), thu c 0,02 mol NH3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,24
B. 2,98
C. 1,22
D. 1,50
Gii
t mui amoni hu c l RCOONH4, ta c n RCOONH 4 = n NH3 = 0,02 mol.
1,86
= 93 R = 31(HOCH2 -) . Vy mui l HOCH2COONH4 (0,02 mol)
0, 02
4,05
Nu 2 cht u trng gng c, ta phi c nAg = 2n RCOONH4 = 0,04mol
= 0, 0375mol. Do
108
ch c 1 cht trng gng c, tc X gm HOCH2CHO (a mol) v HOCH2COOH (b mol).
2a = 0,0375 a = 0,01875
Vy

m = 60a + 76b = 1,22.

a + b = 0,02
b = 0,00125
Cu 50: Cho 7,65 gam hn hp X gm Al v Al2O3 (trong Al chim 60% khi lng) tan hon ton trong
dung dch Y gm H2SO4 v NaNO3, thu c dung dch Z ch cha 3 mui trung ha v m gam hn hp kh
T (trong T c 0,015 mol H2). Cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo Z n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
93,2 gam kt ta. Cn nu cho Z phn ng vi NaOH th lng NaOH phn ng ti a l 0,935 mol. Gi tr
ca m gn gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 2,5
B. 3,0
C. 1,0
D.1,5
Gii
27a + 102b = 7,65
a = 0,17

Gi a, b l s mol Al v Al2O3 trong X, ta c h:

0, 6.7, 65
a=
= 0,17 b = 0, 03

27

V n BaSO 4 = 0, 4 mol nn ban u dng 0,4 mol H2SO4. V Z c cha 0,23 mol Al3+ nn nu lng

Do M RCOONH4 =

NaOH phn ng ti a vi Z l 0,935 mol th NH +4 trong Z l (0,935 4.0,23) = 0,015 mol.

V c H2 sinh ra nn NO3- phn ng ht. Vy dung dch Z cha 3 mui l:

0,23

Al2 (SO4 )3 : 2 = 0,115mol

0, 015

= 0,0075mol
(NH4 ) 2 SO4 :
2

Na 2SO4 : (0, 4 - 0,115.3 - 0,0075) = 0, 0475mol

Bo ton Na cho n NaNO3 / Y = 2.0,0475 = 0,095 mol

Bo ton H cho n H2O = 0,4

0,0075.4 0,015 = 0,355 mol.

Thy Nguyn nh
Bo ton khi lng cho:
m = 7,65 + 98.0,4 + 85.0,095 0,115.342 132.0,0075 142.0,0475 18.0,355 = 1,47 (Chn D).
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