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Hardness Vs UTS
Hardness Vs UTS
155
Institute of materials research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Koice - Slovakia
corresponding author: Tel.: +421 55 729 2473, e-mail: mgasko@imr.saske.sk
Resume
The possibility to predict yield strength, strength limit, fatigue live
estimation as well as other mechanical properties depending on values of
materials hardness is commonly known and it is often used in practice.
The main aim of this contribution is to review the possibilities of
application of correlation relationships between hardness and ultimate
tensile strength of steel sheets in various structural states. The
experiments were performed on advanced steels with structure which is
composed from ferrite and martensite (dual phase steels).
1. Introduction
Although, basically the hardness test of
the metal materials evaluates only surface
resistance of the material against the plastic
deformation, the hardness test is frequently used
because it represents cheap non-destructive and
simple method for assessment of various
material properties like yield strength, tensile
strength, fatigue limit, but also distribution of
residual strains and, in a case of brittle materials,
fracture toughness [2-4]. In order to determine
the relationship between the ultimate tensile
strength (UTS) and hardness (H) a number of
relations were established [2-4]. In practice, the
simplest equation is most often used:
UTS = H .k
(1)
Article info
Article history:
Received 27 May 2011
Accepted 28 July 2011
Online 3 November 2011
Keywords:
Dual phase steel
Vickers hardness
Mechanical properties
ISSN 1335-0803
156
UTS - HB
1400
UT S [M Pa]
1200
Al-Si-Mg (A356)
fine SDAS
1000
Steel [2]
Brass
Steel[1]
800
Cast iron
(nodular)
600
Al-Si-Mg
large SDAS
400
200
90
140
190
240
290
340
HB
Fig. 1. Plot of ultimate tensile strength of various materials as a function of hardness [1-3]
2. Experimental material
For experiments five low carbon steels
with carbon content C = 0.07 - 0.15 % and
manganese content Mn = 1.0 - 1.8 % were used.
All steels were processed with two modes of
intercritical annealing consisting of heating on
750 C or 800 C (10 minutes hold) and
consequential quenching in water. The volume
fraction of martensite was in range from 20 to 60
%.
The tensile properties was measured on
specimens, which were 120 mm long, and
10 mm wide, with starting measured length
L0 = 50 mm (thickness of specimens was in
range from s = 1.0 to s = 1.2 mm). In this study
the correlation of relationship in form TS - HV,
YS - HV, YS/TS - HV5 as well as the
correlation between strain hardening exponent
and hardness: n - HV was examined.
3. Results and discussion
Among the all studied correlations, as
expected, the highest coefficient of correlation
was found between hardness and strength.
However, also in this case, the correlation
coefficient did not attain the value R2 = 0.9,
therefore the interdependence between strength
and hardness is relatively low. The results show
that the prediction of UTS value based on the
measurement of values of HV5 could be loaded
157
UTS - HV5
1400
1300
y = 2,77x + 92,754
1100
R2 = 0,8786
UTS
1200
1000
900
800
700
600
200
250
300
350
400
450
HV5
YS - HV5
1200
1000
y = 1,5703x + 76,165
R = 0,5694
YS
800
y = 2,5009x - 181,44
R = 0,7695
600
y = 5,4035x - 1312,5
R = 0,736
400
200
200
250
300
350
400
450
HV5
158
YS/UTS - HV5
0,9
0,8
y = -0,0003x + 0,6852
R2 = 0,0562
y = 0,0006x + 0,417
R2 = 0,2303
Y S /U T S
0,7
0,6
y = 0,0027x - 0,3592
R2 = 0,5422
0,5
0,4
200
250
300
350
400
450
HV5
Fig. 4. The yield strength to tensile strength ratio, as a function of hardness (HV5)
n - HV5
0,2
0,18
0,16
0,14
0,12
0,1
0,08
0,06
0,04
200
y = -0,0003x + 0,2344
R = 0,5518
250
300
350
400
450
HV5
Coefficient of
determination
UTS= f (HB)
y = 2.77x + 92.754
R2 = 0.8786
YS = f (HB)
y = 2.5009x 181.44
R = 0.7695
R2 = 0.2303
n = f(HB)
y = -0.0003x + 0.2344
R = 0.5518
159
UTS - HB
1400
U T S [M Pa]
1200
Al-Si-Mg (A356)
fine SDAS
1000
Steel [2]
Brass
Steel[1]
800
Cast iron
(nodular)
600
Al-Si-Mg
large SDAS
400
DP
200
90
140
190
240
290
340
HB
Fig. 6. Dependence of ultimate tensile strength of various materials as a function of hardness [1-3]
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to grant agency
VEGA of SR for financial support of this work, which
was realized within the frame of project with No.
2/0195/09.
4. Conclusions
In this work the possibility of prediction
of selected mechanical properties of dual phase
steels by means of Vickers hardness tests was
verified. It was shown that from all correlation
relations established in the work it is practically
applicable only the correlation between hardness
HV5 and UTS (on the basis of known values
HV5 it is possible to predict the strength with an
accuracy of 10%). Results of work clearly
shows that for the prediction of mechanical
properties of dual phase steels with higher
accuracy the influence of the microstructural
parameters in the correlation equations is
necessary to include. That is the aim of our
further research.
References
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