1

BI TP MNH

Trong cc cu di y, cu no l mnh , cu no l mnh cha bin:

a) S 11 l s chn.
b) Bn c chm hc khng ?
c) Hu l mt thnh ph ca Vit Nam.
d) 2x + 3 l mt s nguyn dng.

Bai 1.

e) 2 5 0 .
g) Hy tr li cu hi ny!.

f) 4 + x = 3.
h) Paris l th nc .

i) Phng trnh x2 x 1 0 c nghim.

k) 13 l mt s nguyn t.
Bai 2.
Trong cc mnh sau, mnh no l ng ? Gii thch ?
a) Nu a chia ht cho 9 th a chia ht cho 3.

b) Nu a b th a2 b2 .
d) S ln hn 2 v nh hn 4.

c) Nu a chia ht cho 3 th a chia ht cho 6.

e) 2 v 3 l hai s nguyn t cng nhau.
f) 81 l mt s chnh phng.
g) 5 > 3 hoc 5 < 3.
h) S 15 chia ht cho 4 hoc cho 5.
Bai 3.
Trong cc mnh sau, mnh no l ng ? Gii thch ?
a) Hai tam gic bng nhau khi v ch khi chng c din tch bng nhau.
b) Hai tam gic bng nhau khi v ch khi chng ng dng v c mt cnh bng nhau.
c) Mt tam gic l tam gic u khi v ch khi chng c hai ng trung tuyn bng nhau v c mt gc
bng 600 .
d) Mt tam gic l tam gic vung khi v ch khi n c mt gc bng tng ca hai gc cn li.
e) ng trn c mt tm i xng v mt trc i xng.
f) Hnh ch nht c hai trc i xng.
g) Mt t gic l hnh thoi khi v ch khi n c hai ng cho vung gc vi nhau.
h) Mt t gic ni tip c ng trn khi v ch khi n c hai gc vung.
Bai 4.
Trong cc mnh sau, mnh no l ng ? Gii thch ? Pht biu cc mnh thnh li:
a) x R, x2 0 .

b) x R, x x2

c) x Q,4x2 1 0 .

d) n N, n2 n .

e) x R, x2 x 1 0

2
f) x R, x 9 x 3

g) x R, x 3 x2 9 .

h) x R, x2 5 x 5 i) x R,5x 3x2 1

k) x N, x2 2x 5 l hp s.

l) n N, n2 1 khng chia ht cho 3.

m) n N* , n(n 1) l s l.

n) n N* , n(n 1)(n 2) chia ht cho 6.

in vo ch trng t ni "v" hay "hoc" c mnh ng:

a) 4.... 5.
b) ab 0 khi a 0....b 0 .
c) ab 0 khi a 0....b 0
d) ab 0 khi a 0....b 0.... a 0....b 0 .
e) Mt s chia ht cho 6 khi v ch khi n chia ht cho 2 . cho 3.
f) Mt s chia ht cho 5 khi v ch khi ch s tn cng ca n bng 0 . bng 5.
Bai 6.
Cho mnh cha bin P(x), vi x R. Tm x P(x) l mnh ng:
Bai 5.

a) P (x):" x2 5x 4 0"

b) P (x):" x2 5x 6 0"

c) P (x):" x2 3x 0"

d) P (x):" x x"

e) P (x):"2x 3 7"

f) P (x):" x2 x 1 0"

Nu mnh ph nh ca cc mnh sau:

a) S t nhin n chia ht cho 2 v cho 3.
b) S t nhin n c ch s tn cng bng 0 hoc bng 5.
c) T gic T c hai cnh i va song song va bng nhau.
d) S t nhin n c c s bng 1 v bng n.
Bai 8.
Nu mnh ph nh ca cc mnh sau:
Bai 7.

a) x R : x2 0 .

b) x R : x x2 .

c) x Q : 4x2 1 0 .

d) x R : x2 x 7 0 .

e) x R : x2 x 2 0 .

f) x R : x2 3.

g) n N, n2 1 khng chia ht cho 3. h) n N, n2 2n 5 l s nguyn t.

i) n N, n2 n chia ht cho 2.
k) n N, n2 1 l s l.
Bai 9.
Pht biu cc mnh sau, bng cch s dng khi nim "iu kin cn", "iu kin ":
a) Nu mt s t nhin c ch s tn cng l ch s 5 th n chia ht cho 5.
b) Nu a b 0 th mt trong hai s a v b phi dng.
c) Nu mt s t nhin chia ht cho 6 th n chia ht cho 3.
d) Nu a b th a2 b2 .
e) Nu a v b cng chia ht cho c th a + b chia ht cho c.
Bai 10.
Pht biu cc mnh sau, bng cch s dng khi nim "iu kin cn", "iu kin ":
a) Trong mt phng, nu hai ng thng phn bit cng vung gc vi mt ng thng th ba th hai
ng thng y song song vi nhau.
b) Nu hai tam gic bng nhau th chng c din tch bng nhau.
c) Nu t gic T l mt hnh thoi th n c hai ng cho vung gc vi nhau.
d) Nu t gic H l mt hnh ch nht th n c ba gc vung.
e) Nu tam gic K u th n c hai gc bng nhau.
Bai 11.
Pht biu cc mnh sau, bng cch s dng khi nim "iu kin cn v ":
a) Mt tam gic l vung khi v ch khi n c mt gc bng tng hai gc cn li.
b) Mt t gic l hnh ch nht khi v ch khi n c ba gc vung.
c) Mt t gic l ni tip c trong ng trn khi v ch khi n c hai gc i b nhau.
d) Mt s chia ht cho 6 khi v ch khi n chia ht cho 2 v cho 3.
e) S t nhin n l s l khi v ch khi n2 l s l.
Bai 12.
Chng minh cc mnh sau bng phng php phn chng:
a) Nu a b 2 th mt trong hai s a v b nh hn 1.
b) Mt tam gic khng phi l tam gic u th n c t nht mt gc nh hn 600 .
c) Nu x 1 v y 1 th x y xy 1.
d) Nu bnh phng ca mt s t nhin n l mt s chn th n cng l mt s chn.
e) Nu tch ca hai s t nhin l mt s l th tng ca chng l mt s chn.
f) Nu mt t gic c tng cc gc i din bng hai gc vung th t gic ni tip c ng trn.
g) Nu x2 y2 0 th x = 0 v y = 0.

BI TP TP HP

2
Bai 1.

Vit mi tp hp sau bng cch lit k cc phn t ca n:

A = x R (2x2 5x 3)(x2 4x 3) 0

x R (6x2 7x 1)(x2 5x 6) 0

C=

B = x R (x2 10x 21)(x3 x) 0

D = x Z 2x2 5x 3 0

E = x N x 3 4 2x va5x 3 4x 1

F = x Z x 2 1

G = x N x 5

H = x R x2 x 3 0

Vit mi tp hp sau bng cch ch r tnh cht c trng cho cc phn t ca n:

A = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4
B = 0; 4; 8; 12; 16
C = 3 ; 9; 27; 81

Bai 2.

E = 2,3,5,7,11

D = 9; 36; 81; 144

F = 3,6,9,12,15

G = Tp tt c cc im thuc ng trung trc ca on thng AB.

H = Tp tt c cc im thuc ng trn tm I cho trc v c bn knh bng 5.
Bai 3.

Trong cc tp hp sau y, tp no l tp rng:

B = x R x2 x 1 0

A = x Z x 1

D = x Q x2 2 0

C = x Q x2 4x 2 0

E = x N x2 7x 12 0 F = x R x2 4x 2 0

Tm tt c cc tp con, cc tp con gm hai phn t ca cc tp hp sau:

A = 1, 2
B = 1, 2, 3
C = a, b, c, d

Bai 4.

D = x R 2x2 5x 2 0

E = x Q x2 4x 2 0

Trong cc tp hp sau, tp no l tp con ca tp no?

a) A = 1, 2, 3 , B = x N x 4 , C = (0; ) , D = x R 2x2 7x 3 0 .

Bai 5.

b) A = Tp cc c s t nhin ca 6 ;

B = Tp cc c s t nhin ca 12.

c) A = Tp cc hnh bnh hnh;

B = Tp cc hnh ch nht;

C = Tp cc hnh thoi;

D = Tp cc hnh vung.

d) A = Tp cc tam gic cn;

B = Tp cc tam gic u;

C = Tp cc tam gic vung;

Bai 6.

D = Tp cc tam gic vung cn.

Tm A B, A B, A \ B, B \ A vi:

a) A = {2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12}, B = {2, 8, 9, 12}

b) A = {2, 4, 6, 9}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}
c) A = x R 2x2 3x 1 0 , B = x R 2x 1 1 .
d) A = Tp cc c s ca 12, B = Tp cc c s ca 18.

e) A = x R (x 1)(x 2)(x2 8x 15) 0 , B = Tp cc s nguyn t c mt ch s.

f) A = x Z x2 4 , B = x Z (5x 3x2)(x2 2x 3) 0 .

n tox
, 5 .
g) A = x N (x2 9)(x2 5x 6) 0 , B = x N x lasonguye
Tm tt c cc tp hp X sao cho:
a) {1, 2} X {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
b) {1, 2} X = {1, 2, 3, 4}.

Bai 7.

c) X {1, 2, 3, 4}, X {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}

d)

Tm cc tp hp A, B sao cho:
a) AB = {0;1;2;3;4}, A\B = {3; 2}, B\A = {6; 9; 10}.

Bai 8.

b) AB = {1;2;3}, A\B = {4; 5}, B\A = {6; 9}.

Tm A B, A B, A \ B, B \ A vi:
a) A = [4; 4], B = [1; 7]
b) A = [4; 2], B = (3; 7]

Bai 9.

c) A = [4; 2], B = (3; 7)

d) A = (; 2], B = [3; +)

e) A = [3; +), B = (0; 4)

f) A = (1; 4), B = (2; 6)

Tm A B C, A B C vi:
a) A = [1; 4], B = (2; 6), C = (1; 2)
b) A = (; 2], B = [3; +), C = (0; 4)

Bai 10.

c) A = [0; 4], B = (1; 5), C = (3; 1]

d) A = (; 2], B = [2; +), C = (0; 3)

e) A = (5; 1], B = [3; +), C = (; 2)

Chng minh rng:
a) Nu A B th A B = A.

b) Nu A C v B C th (A B) C.

c) Nu A B = A B th A = B

d) Nu A B v A C th A (B C).

Bai 11.