maha

afj
1.1 U khf bfhl va nfhit
brtfij g f midtU mJf mj gus l # b
MF. F 'l' kW 'b' khfshF. vfSfhd ehF mogil braf,
khfY gwgL. khfis gagL xU y TWfis nfhitfshf
khw eh Kangh.

bra
Tl

TW
x kW y TLj

afj nfhit
x+y

fj

a kW bFs ntWghL

a - b ^a > b vh (myJ)
b - a (b > a v)

bgUf

x kW y bgUfgy x # y (myJ) xy

tFj

p I q th tFf

p
p ' q (myJ)
q

vjifa fj brafis fj thaf gagLJtJ
vgij ff, kd itJ bfhs fl mltiz gagL.
Tl

fj

bgUf

tFj

TLj

ntWghL

bgUfgy

<

mfj
Tl
TLtjF
mfkhf

Fiwj
fj
fgjF
Fiwthf

bgUfgLj
klF

tFfgLj
j

vLJfhL 1.1

fltiw afj nfhitfshf vGJf.

1) m kW n Mat TLgy UklF.

2) b UJ a uL klFfis Fiwj.
3) x kW y vw U vf tff TLj.
4) p kW q bgUfgyid 7 cl Tl.
5) a kW b bgUf U klif 5 M tFj.
2

afj

6) y _ U gif l x mf.
7) x vw v ghUJ 3 I Fiwj.
8) m kW n vw vf TLj UJ mt bgUf
gyid Fiwj.

9) y kW 6 TLj UJ x 4 klif ff.

10) a _ xU gFl m TLj U klF.
11) y I 5M tFJ x cl TLf.
:

1)

2^ m + nh

2) b - 2a

3)

x2 + y2

4) 7 + pq

5)

6) 2 y + x

7)

2ab
5
x - 3
2

9) ^ y + 6h - 4x

11)

8) (m + n) - mn
10) 2` 1 a + mj
3

y
+x
5

fltiw afj nfhitfshf vGJf.

(i) a klF b.
(ii) a, b TLjiy 5 M bgUFf.
(iii) uL klF m I n M Fiwj.
(iv) ehF klF x I y M tFj.
(v) IJ klF p I 3 klF q M bgUFf.
g 1.1

1. rahd ilia njbjLf :

(i) 5 klF x, 3 klF y kW 7 TLj

(A) 5^ x + 3y + 7h

(B) 5x + 3y + 7

(C) 5x + 3^ y + 7h

(D) 5x + 3^7yh

(ii) a kW b TLj gh

(A) 1 ^a + bh
(B) 1 a + b
2
2

(C) 1 ^a - bh
2

(D) 1 + a + b
2

maha

(iii) x kW y ntWgho 3 klF

(A) 3x - y

(B) 3 - x - y

(C) xy - 3

(D) 3^ x - yh

(iv) y kW z bgUf UJ 2 Fiw

(A) 2 - yz

(C) yz - 2

(D) 2y - z

(v) 6 kW q bgUfYl p ghia Tl

(B) 2 + yz

(A)

p
+ 6q
2

2. kh,

kh

(B) p +
kW

6q

2

(C) 1 ^ p + 6qh
2

vfj

(D) 1 ^6p + qh

braghLfis

cgnahJ

fltiw afj nfhitfshf vGJf :

(i) x kW uL klF y TLj.

(ii) y UJ z I ff.

(iii) x kW y bgUfYl 4 I TLf.

(iv) 3 klF x kW 4 klF y ntWghL.

(v) 10, x kW y TLj.

(vi) p kW q bgUf UJ 5 I ff.

(vii) 12UJ m kW n bgUfiy ff.

(viii) a kW b TLjiy mj bgUf UJ ff.

(ix) c kW d bgUf 3 klFl v 6 I TLf.

(x) x kW y bgUf 4 klif 3 M tFf.

1.2 va nea rkghLf

ky vgtUF iy xiw mt khkh

cUis

mgghf mjh. mj iy vilia mt

mJ bfhs Udh . mij ma juhR jil

gagLdh. mt vil 40. nkY iy
vil, cUisH vil nrjJ mt

kh
.

vil vd fljh.

mjhtJ,
iy
TLj
vil
+
s

u
fi
r .

cUisH
vil
15 .

mltiz 1.1
4

rk
=

ky
vil
40 .

afj
nkflt UJ s kig ma ngh.

15 I UwK f
.
.

.
.

jKsJ iy vilahF.

(mltiz 1.1 UJ)

s + 15 = 40

s + 15 15 = 40 15

(15 I UgfUJ vLJl)

s = 25

vdnt iy vil 25..

s + 15 = 40 vw TW xU rkghlhF. mjhtJ xU T U nfhitf
rkkhf U mij rkghL vnwh.
rkgLj xU Fl vilia xU gfUJ dh, mnj ms

vilia kw gfUJ f ntL.

xU Fl vilia xU gf Todh mnj ms vilia kw
gfY Tl ntL.

ij nghynt UwK rk vil bfhl juhR nghwJ rkghlhF.

rkgho rkFpL vnghJ l bgUF. lwKs nfhit

k (LHS) tywKs nfhit k (RHS) rk vgij j
rkFpL czJwJ.

x + 7 = 15 vw rkghil fUJf

lw csJ x + 7
5

maha

tyw csJ 15

UwK 7 I ff

x + 7 - 7 = 15 - 7 (7 I ff lwKsJ x Mf FiwwJ)
(kh x jahf fgLwJ)

x = 8

n - 3 = 10 vw rkghil fUJf

lw n - 3

tyw 10

UwK 3 I nrf
n - 3 + 3 = 10 + 3

n = 13

(kh n jahf fgLwJ)

4m = 28 vw rkghil fUJf
UwK 4 M tFf
4m = 28

4
4

m=7

y
= 6 vw rkghil fUJf
2

UwK 2 M bgUFf
y

#2 = 6#2
2

y = 12

xU rkgho rkiy khwhUf, mrkgho xUw vj xU

viz TodhY (fjhY) kWwK mnj viz Tl (ff)

ntL. nj ngh {akw vfsh UwK bgUf myJ tFf
rkghL rkiyUF. vdnt rkgho fhz, rkgho cs
khia

jahf

bjLf

vfj

braghLfis

ntosJ.

vLJfhL 1.2
f 3p + 4 = 25
:

3p + 4 - 4 = 25 - 4 (UwK 4 I ff)

3p = 21

3p
= 21
3
3
p=7

(UwK 3 M tFf)

nkbfhs

afj

vLJfhL 1.3
f 7m - 5 = 30
:

7m - 5 + 5 = 30 + 5 (UwK 5 I TLf)

7m = 35

7m = 35
(UwK 7 M tFf)
7
7

m=5

rkghoF fhQ bghGJ, xnu vzh bghJthf UwK
Tlnth ffnth brnwh. nj ngh xU viz UwK Tlnth
ffnth brahk eh viz lkhw brayh.

viz lkhw brtJ vgJ (xU gfUJ kbwhU gfF
vLJ brtJ) xnu viz UwK Tlnth ffnth br braY
xnwahF. viz lkhw br bghGJ mj Fia khw ntL.
lkhwF vLJfhLf ytiw fhngh.

vLJfhL 1.4

f 2a - 12 = 14
:
UwK Tl
myJ ff

lkhWj

2a - 12 = 14

2a - 12 = 14

2a - 12 + 12 = 14 + 12
(UwK 12 M Tl)

lwKs ( 12) I tyw

lkhW

2a = 14 + 12 (lkhWif 12
vgJ +12 Mf khW)

2a = 26

2a = 26
2
2
(UwK 2 M tFj)

2a = 26
2a = 26
2
2
a = 13

a = 13

(Uw 2 M tFf)

vLJfhL 1.5
f 5x + 3 = 18
: +3 I lwUJ tywF lkhWf

5x = 18 - 3 ( lkhWif +3 vgJ 3 MF )

5x = 15

maha

5x = 15
5
5
x=3

(UwK 5 M tFf)

vLJfhL 1.6
f 2^ x + 4h = 12
: lw cs milfis f UwK 2 M tFf

2^ x + 4h 12
=
2
2
x+4 = 6

x = 6 - 4

x=2

(+4 I tywF lkhWbghGJ)

vLJfhL 1.7
f - 3^m - 2h = 18
: lw cs milfis f UwK ^- 3h M tFf

- 3^ m - 2h
= 18
-3
-3

m - 2 =- 6

m=6+2

m =- 4

(- 2 I tywF lkhWbghGJ)

vLJfhL 1.8
f (3x + 1 ) 7 = 12
:

(3x + 1) 7 = 12

3x + 1 7 = 12

3x 6 = 12

3x = 12 + 6

3x =
3

18
3

x = 6

vLJfhL 1.9
f 5x + 3 = 17 - 2x
8

afj
:

5x + 3 = 17 - 2x

5x + 2x = 17 - 3

(+ 3 I tywF, - 2x I lwF lkhWbghGJ)

7x = 14

7x = 14
7
7
x=2

vLJfhL 1.10

mLjLJ tU _W KGf TLj 45. mj KGfis fhf.

: Kj KG x vf
&

ulhtJ v = x + 1

_whtJ v = x + 1 + 1 = x + 2
mj TLj = x + ^ x + 1h + ^ x + 2h = 45

3x + 3 = 45

3x = 42
x = 14
Mfnt m_W KGf, x = 14 , x + 1 = 15 kW x + 2 = 16 .

vLJfhL 1.11

X viz 60 cl TLbghGJ ilgJ 75. mj viz fhf.

: fLof ntoa v x vd bfhf.
rkghL,

60 + x = 75

x = 75 60

x = 15

vLJfhL 1.12
X vUJ 20 I ffilgJ 80. mj viz fhf.
: fLof ntoa v x vd bfhf.
rkghL,

x - 20 = 80

x = 80 + 20

x = 100
9

maha

vLJfhL 1.13

X v g xU gF 63. mj viz fhf.

: fLof ntoa v x vd bfhf.

1 ^ xh = 63
10
1 (x) # 10 = 63 # 10
10
x = 630

rkghL,

vLJfhL 1.14

X viz 4 M tFJ mjDl 6 I Tl ilgJ 10 .
mj viz fhf.
: fLof ntoa v x vd bfhf.
x + 6 = 10
4

rkghL,

x = 10 - 6
4

x =4
4

x #4 = 4#4
4
`

x = 16.

vLJfhL 1.15

bjw taJ, nut taijl 3 Fiw. bjw taJ 18 v,
nut taJ vd?
: nut taJ x vf
& bjw taJ = x - 3
bjw taJ 18 MLf vd bfhLfgLsJ.

&

x - 3 = 18

x = 18 + 3

x = 21

Mjyh nut taJ 21 MF.

10

afj

g 1.2
1. rahd ilia njbjLf:
(i) p + 3 = 9 v, p vgJ

(A) 12
(B) 6
(ii) 12 x = 8 v, x vgJ

(A) 4
(B) 20
q
(iii)
= 7 v, q vgJ
6

(A) 13
(B) 1
42
(iv) 7(x9) = 35 v, x vgJ

(C) 3

(D) 27

(C) - 4

(D) - 20

(C) 42

(D) 7
6

(A) 5
(B) - 4
(C) 14
(v) X v _W klF 60 v, mj v

(A) 63
(B) 57
(C) 180

(i) x - 5 = 7

(iv) b - 3 =- 5

3. f :

(i) 2x = 100

(iv) 51 = 17a

(vii) 7x = 42

(ii) a + 3 = 10

(iii) 4 + y =- 2

(v) - x = 5

(vi) - x =- 7
(ix) 7 m = 4

(viii) 14 n = 10

(ii) 3l = 42

(iii) 36 = 9x

(v) 5x = 45

(vi) 5t = 20

(viii) 10m = 30

(ix) 2x = 1

(x) 3x = 18

4. f :

(D) 20

2. f :

(vii) 3 - x = 8
(x) 20 y = 7

(D) 37

(i) 1 x = 7
2
p
(iv)
= 8
-7

5. f :

(i) 3x + 1 = 10
(iv) 4a - 5 =- 41
y+3
(vii)
= 14
5
(x) 11m = 42 + 4m

(xiii) 3x - 14 = x - 8

(ii) a = 5
6

(iii) n = 8
3

(v) - x = 2
5

(vi) - m =- 4
3

(ii) 11 + 2x =- 19

(iii) 4z - 3 = 17

(v) 3^ x + 2h = 15
(vi)
(viii) x + 5 = 7
(ix)
3
(xi) - 3x =- 5x + 22 (xii)
(xiv) 5x - 2x + 7 = x + 1 (xv)
11

- 4^2 - xh = 12
6y = 21 - y
6m - 1 = 2m + 1
5t - 3 = 3t - 5

maha

6. U vf Tl gy 33. X v 18 v, kbwhU viz

fhf.
X vQl 12 I Tl ilgJ 25. mj viz fhf.
X vUJ 60 I fjh 48 ilF. mj viz fhf.
X v 5 klF 60 v, mj v vd?
X v 3 klUJ 6 I fjh 18 ilF mj viz
fhf.

7.
8.
9.
10.

11. mLjLJ tU U vf TLj 75 v mj vf ahit?

12. uh jij mtl ` 70 bfhLjh. bghGJ mtl ` 130

UwJ mgoahdh Kj mtl vts %gh UjJ?

13. 8 MLfSF K v taJ 27. bghGJ v taJ vd?

f:

(i) y + 18 =- 70

(ii) - 300 + x = 100

(iii) t - 5 =- 6

(iv) 2x + 9 = 19

3
(v) 3x + 4 = 2x + 11

thf isahlyh

VjhtJ X viz idJ bfhSf vW uh j egfshd
mU, ruah, u Mnahfl Tdh. idj vQl 50 I To
ilF ilia U klfhFkhW Tdh. wF mtfis ghJ
filah ilj ill 48 I To 2 M tFJ tU ilUJ
idj viz fFkhW Tdh. cf midtUF filahf
ilj v 74 jhnd vW uh Tw midtUF a.

mU idj v 16, ruah idj v 20, u idj v 7
tiw rghfyhnk!

X viz id bfhf

50 I TLf

x + 50

uL klfhf MFf

2x + 100

48 I TLf

2x + 148

2 M tFf

x + 74

idj viz ff

74

12

mU

ruah

16

20

afj

id bfhf!

1. afj, fj xU gF MF. fj braghLf, vf kW

My vGJfis cslajhf gF csJ.

2. ntWgl v kfis vLJ bfhsToa X msoF xU kh myJ

cU vdgL.

3. iyahd v kig bgwToa X msL kh vdgL.

4. khfis, vfis fj braghLf _ykhf nrJ vGjgL

nfhit afj nfhitahF.

5. gy cWfsh cUthdJ nfhitf vdgL.

6. xj mLFfis bfhl xj kh myJ khf bgUf xj cWf

vdgL. btntW mLFfis bfhl btntW khf myJ khf
bgUf khWgl cWf vdgL.

7. xU khah Md xU nfhit go vgJ mj kh f caj mLF

MF. xWF nkgl khfsh Md xU nfhitgo vgJ xbthU
cUY cs khfSila mLFf TLj cs caj k MF.

8. rk jiks U nfhitfis bfhl xU TW rkghL vW

miHfgL.

9. xU rkgho tygfij, lgfij lkhw brtjh mj

k khwhJ.

10. kh vj k rkghil iw brwnjh, mj kig mrkgho

vwiHfgLwJ.

13

maha

tha fj
2.1 rjj
50
100

KGfh
rilf
5
kW nk
10MilfSfhd
jSgo

fil cs sgu gyiff UF 25%, 20% UJ vd

mf?
uhK Mwh tF, fz vj iy Ujh vgij ma
uhK jhah mtUila kL milia ghwh.

mtUila kL
mil bfhLfgLs
fzF kbgfshtJ
17 / 25 , 36 / 50 , 75 / 100 ,
80 / 100 , 22 / 25, 45 / 50

uhK jhahuh kL milia ghjl uhK wj
kbg kW Fiwj kbgiz bjJ bfhs ayiy. Mjyh,
bfhLfgl midJ kbgiz mt bkhj kbg 100 Mf
khWwh. 100I gFahf cila rkhd dfshf khWwh.
myF
nj 1

khj
nj 1

fhyhL
nj

miuahL
nj

myF
nj 2

khj
nj 2

68
100

72
100

75
100

80
100

88
100

90
100

14

tha fj
bghGJ, mtUila
khwgLsJ.

kbgf

midJ

kbgfSF

Mjyh, mt uhK kbgfis xL Mwh tF uhK
fz gogoahf Knd csh vgij mJ kjh.

j w dij g mnth.

j thJ jDila thJ Fol brwila cjf.

mJ brwila xiw l mfkhd ghij csjh?

Jtf

Ko

iy, xnu xU ghij jh csJ.

bkhj a rJuf vif
Hl rJuf vif

= 100

= 41
Hlhj rJuf vif
= 59
ghijia flF rJuf vif = ____

bghGJ, fhQ mltizia ghUf

j

rjj

Hl gF

100 41
gF

41 : 100

41
100

41%

HlhjgF

100 59
gF

59 : 100

59
100

59%

ghijia
flF gF

100
_____ gF

____ : 100

_____ %
100

15

maha

100 I gFahf bfhl d rjj vdgL

rjjij% vw FpL bfhL Ffyh.

x : y vw vj xU jY, y = 100 v mij rjj vdyh

rjjij gy tifahf Ff:

rjjij gl
tahf FLj

HlgFia tUkhW Flyh :

5 : 100

17 : 100

43 : 100

5
100

17
100

43
100

rjj

5%

17%

43%

g 2.1

1) nH bfhLfgLsij rjjkhf vGJf:

(i) 20 : 100 (ii) 93

(iii)11 I 100 M tFf (iv) 1
100
100
2) nH bfhLfgLsij jkhf vGJf:
(i) 43%

(ii) 75%

(iii) 5%

(iv) 17 1 2 %

(v) 100
100

(v) 33 1 3 %

3) nH bfhLfgLsij dkhf vGJf:

(i) 25%

(ii) 12 1 2 %

fil I

(iii) 33%
f!

(iv) 70%

(v) 82%
fil II

fil 1 25% jSgo bfhLjh, gid iy rjjij fhf.

fil 2 bfhLfgLs jSgo rjjij fhf. vj fil
Fiwj iy wJ?

16

tha fj

2.2 d kW jrk vfis rjjkhf khWj

5 = 5%, 1.2 = 1.2%, 175 = 175% vgd eh mjnj.
100
100
100
5 vgij rjjkhf khw:
10
5
10 vw dij rjjkhf flthW khwyh:

gFia100Mf khw, bjhFia, gFia 10 M bgUf

5 # 10 = 50 = 50%
10 # 10
100

mjid tUkhW Tl brayh 5 I 100% M bgUf

10
5

` 10 # 100j % = 50%

tl 50%
HlgLsJ

tl 25%
HlgLsJ

tl (i) 50%, (ii) 25% gFia ntW jkhf Hl

Ka bra.

cfSF bjkh?
1 I l Fiwj viz100I l bga viz
rjjkhf Ff aY
120%

1%
2

17

maha

(i) gFia 100 Mf khw aY df

vLJfhL 2.1
3 I rjjkhf khWf
5

:
5 I 20M bgUf 100 ilF
3 # 20 = 60 = 60%
5 # 20
100
3 = 60%
5

1) 2 ____ = 100
2) 5 20

= ____

3) 4 25

= ____

4) 10 _____ = 100
5) 1 _____ = 100

vLJfhL 2.2
6 1 I rjjkhf khWf
4

6 1 = 25
4
4

4I 25 M bgUf 100 ilF

25 # 25 = 625 = 625%
4 # 25
100

(ii) gFia 100Mf khw ayhj df

vLJfhL 2.3
4 I rjjkhf khWf
7
: 100% M bgUf
4
400
` 7 # 100j % = 7 %

= 57 1 % = 57.14%
7
vLJfhL 2.4

1 I rjjkhf khWf
3
: 100% M bgUf

1
100
` 3 # 100j % = ` 3 j %

= 33 1 3 %(or) 33.33%

vLJfhL 2.5
250 khztf cs xU g, 55 khztf Tilgij,
75 khztf fhgij, 63 khztf vgij j cstf
kilgij Uwd v,
18

tha fj

(m) Tilgij

(M) vgij

U khztf rjj vd?

:
bkhj khztf vif = 250
(m) Tilgij U khztf vif = 55
250 55 ng Tilgij Uwd vgjid 55 vd
250
Flyh.

Tilgij U khztf rjj = ` 55 # 100j %

250
= 22%

(M) vgij U khztf vif = 63

250- 63 ng vgij Uwd vgjid 63 vd Flyh.

250
vgij U khztf rjj

= ` 63 # 100j %

250
126

% = 25.2%
=
5
Tilgij U khztf = 22%

vgij U khztf = 25.2%

(iii) jrk vfis rjjkhf khWj

vLJfhL 2.6
0.07 I rjjkhf khWf
:

100% M bgUf

(0.07 # 100) % = 7%

khWKiw:

0.07 = 7 = 7%
100

vLJfhL 2.7
0.567 I rjjkhf khWf

100% M bgUf

(0.567 # 100)% = 56.7%

khWKiw: 0.567 = 567 =

567
1000
10 # 100
= 56.7 = 56.7%
100
19

maha

F: xU dij ( myJ ) xU jrk viz rjjkhf khWtjF 100

M bgUf ntL (100% vgJ 100 MF. Kiw bgUFnghJ
100

d k khwhJ )

f!
9

1. cl cs uj
gF csJ v, mw uj
10
rjj vd?

2. cl vil 2 gF jirahyhdJ v, cl cs jir
5
rjj vd?
cl vil 2 gF csJ. jir vil kW vil
3
Mat TLj100%I l mfkhfnth Fiwthfnth UFkh?
mgoahdh jiria g vd Tw aY ?

g 2.2

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

(i) 6.25 =

(A) 62.5%

(B) 6250%

(C) 625%

(D) 6.25%

(B) 0.3%

(C) 0.03%

(D) 0.0003%

(ii) 0.0003 =

(A) 3%
(iii) 5 =
20

(A) 25%

(B) 1 %
(C) 0.25%
4
(iv) xU k 20 lf rjj

(A) 33 1 3

(C) 33 2 3

(B) 33

(v) xU %gh 50 igrh rjj.

(B) 1
(C) 50

(A) 500
2

2. fhQ dfis rjjkhf khWf
i) 20
ii) 9
iii) 5 1
iv) 2
4
20
50
3

(D) 5%

(D) it vJ iy

(D) 20
v) 5
11

3. fhQ jrk vfis rjjkhf khWf

i) 0.36

ii) 0.03

iii) 0.071

iv) 3.05

v) 0.75

4. xU Fl eh, 35 khztf cs xU tF 7 khztf

tUif juiy v, tUif juhj khztf rjjij fhf.

5. uh tha 36 khgHf, 5 khgHf mGld v, mGa

khgHf rjjij fhf.
20

tha fj

6. 50 ng bfhl xU tF, 23 ng khzf, kwtf khztf

v, khzt, khzf rjjfis fhf.

7. u, fj 75F 66 kbgfS ma 80F 72 bgWsh

v, vj ghl mf kbg bgWsh?

8. ah khj tUkhd %. 12,000. mt nrF bjhif %. 1,200.

mt nr, bry Mat rjjij fhf.

2.3 rjjij dkhfnth jrk vzhfnth khWj

i) rjj vgJ 100 I gFahf bfhl d. d FF bghGJ,
RUa to vGj ntL.
vLJfhL 2.8
12% I dkhf khWf.
:

12% =

12 (RUa toF khWf)

100
3
25

vLJfhL 2.9
va dfis
cila rjjf

233 1 3 % I dkhf khWf.

2
1

25% =
4
1
1

33 % =
3
3
nkny FlgLsJ
ngh ntW y dfis
vGJf.

233 1 3 % = 700 %
3
700 = 7
=
3 # 100
3

= 2 13
vLJfhL 2.10
1 % I dkhf khWf
4

50% = 1

1%=
1
= 1
4
4 # 100
400

(ii) rjj vgJ 100 I gFahf bfhl d. j dij jrk

vzhf khw, bjhF cs v jrk ia uL vfSF
lwkhf itf ntL.

vLJfhL 2.11
15% I jrk vzhf khWf.
21

maha

15% = 15 = 0.15
100

vLJfhL 2.12
25.7% I jrk vzhf khWf.
:

25.7%

25.7
100

= 0.257

fj isahL - (_W Lfis nrj)

j isahil 2 myJ 3 ng isahlyh.
xbthU rjjF <lhd rkhd jij jrk viz nH
bfhLfgLsJ ngh jj Lf vGj.

5%

1 : 20

0.05

33 1 %
3

1:3

0.33

48 Lfis bfhl xU bjhFig cUthf. (16 fLf bfhl 48
Lf) m xbthU _W LfS, rjj, j kW jrkv to
xnu kig bfhoUF.
il FY midtUF rkkhd Lfis nghl.
mt xnu kig mF (rjj, j, jrkv cs) Lfis
flJ nk nehUFkhW nkir itf.
jKs Lfis bfhL isahil L bjhlf.
MLgtUF lwKstlUJ xU il bgw. xnu ks _W
Lf iljh mij nkil nk neh itf. xnu ks _W
Lfis cUthfiy v mij mgona itJbfhsntL.
isahL bjhlU xnu ks midJ _W Lf nrU tiu
isahil bjhlu. Lf TLjyhf cilat bt bgwtuhth.
22

tha fj

rjj kig fhQj

xU tl 50% I gir wY, 25% I t wY uf

50% = 50 = 1 tlij gir w uf.

100

mnj ngh, 25% = 25 = 1

100
4
1 tlij t w uf.
4
bghGJ, rJu 1 gFia gir wY, 1
2
4
gFia t wY uf.
U

glfY

gir

gF

rkkhf

Uwjh?
tl 50% rJu50% rk mW.
mnj ngh, tl 25% rJu 25% rk mW.
bghGJ, `100 50% , `10 50% fLofyh

`100 50% fhQj

`10 50% fhQj

50% = 50 = 1

100

50% = 50 = 1
100
2

Mfnt, 100 1 = 1 # 100 = 50

2
2

`100 50% = ` 50

10 1 = 1 # 10 = 5

1000 nyh 20% I fhf.

:
1000 20% =

1000 nyh 20% =

`10 50% = ` 5

vLJfhL 2.13

1000 20

100
20 # 1000
100
200 ..

vLJfhL 2.14
200 1 % fhf.
2

23

maha

= 200

1 # 200 = 1
200

200 1 % = 1

1
2

100

1
# 200
2 # 100

vLJfhL 2.15
40 nyh uh 0.75% fhf.
:
0.75% = 0.75

100

0.75 # 40
100

40 nyh uh 0.75% =
=

3 = 0.3
10

40 . 0.75% = 0.3 ..

vLJfhL 2.16
70 ng bfhl tF, 60% khztf v, khzt, khzf
vifia fhf.
:

bkhj egf

= 70

khztf vif = 70 60%

=

60 # 70
100

= 42
khztf vif = 42
khzf vif = b
khj khztf khztf vif

= 70 42
= 28
khzf vif = 28
24

tha fj

vLJfhL 2.17
2010- , xU efu kf bjhif 1,50,000 mLj Mo, mJ 10%
bgUFkhdh, 2011 kf bjhifia fhf.
:

2010 kf bjhif = 1,50,000

mfF kf bjhif =

10 # 1, 50, 000
100

= 15,000

2011 kf bjhif = 150000 + 15000

= 1,65,000
g 2.3

1. rahd ilia vGJf:

(i) 30 % bghJ d

(A) 1
10

(B) 7
10

(C) 3
100

(D) 3
10

(C) 200
100

(D) 100

(B) 25

(C) 0.0025

(D) 2.5

(B) ` 20

(C) ` 30

(D) ` 300

(B) ` 7.50

(C) ` 5

(D) ` 100

(ii) 1 % bghJ d
2

(A) 1
(B) 1
2
200
(iii) 25% F rkkhd jrk v

(A) 0.25

(iv) `300 10%

(v) %. 150 5%

(A) `10
(A) ` 7

2. nH bfhLfgLs rjjij dkhf khWf:

iv) 2.5%
v) 66 2 3 %
iii) 1 %
4
3. nH bfhLfgLs rjjij jrk vzhf khWf:

i) 9%

i) 7%

ii) 75%

ii) 64%

iii) 375%

iv) 0.03%

v) 0.5%

4. kig fhf:

i) 24 75%

ii) `72 33 13 % iii) 80. 45%

iv) 150 72%

v) 50 . 7.5%
25

maha

5. uh jDila tUkhd 25% I thlifahf bfhLwh. mtUila

tUth ` 25,000 Mf UF nghJ, mt thlifahf bfhLF bjhif
vd?
6. xU gUt, xU FG 25 nghof isahLwJ. m 36% bt
bgWwJ. mj FG bt milj nghof vifia
fhf.
7. xU uhk kf bjhif 32,000 csd. mtf 40% Mf,
25% bgf, j cnsh FHijf, Mf kW FHijf
vifia fhf.

8. xU giHa kG iy ` 45,000. mj iy 15% FiwfgLnkahdh,

mj a iy vd?

9. 7,500 kfbjhif bfhl C, gojtf 47% v, gofhjtf

vjid ng?
f!
1) 25 20% , 20 25% rkkh?
2) X
cz L, gW o bkhj bjhif 1.5% t
bgwgLwJ.
a) t rjjij jrk vzhf khWf.
b) 6 egf bfhl FLg bkhj ` 750 F cz
mUdh t k vd?
c) cztfF mtf brYJ bjhif ahJ?

2.4 yhg kW el

2008 uh & nfh `1,50,000 yhg milwJ.

2009 uh & nfh `25,000 el milwJ.

uh & nfh Kj Mo yhgK mLj Mo elK mila
aYkh?

igf bjhrhiyUJ filF tJ nrU gy iyf.

bjhrhiy

bkhj ahghu

igf vnf jahf gLwd?

jahgtf bghUfis neuoahf whfsh?
bghUf filahf ahiu brW mil?
26

yiw ahghu

tha fj
iygoa
(x iy)
khgH `10
M `6
thiHgH `3
MuR `5

iygoa
(x iy)
khgH `15
M `8
thiHgH `2
MuR `5

bkhj ahghufil

gHfil

uh#h vw gHfil ahgh, gHfis bkhj ahghu fil
th, j gHfil wh.

xU Fl eh, mt M, khgH kW thiH gHfis
thFwh. iygoa csJ nghy xbthU gHF 2 iyf
(xbthU filY btntW iyf) csd.

uh#h gHfis bkhj ahghu fil thF iyia mlf iy
vW TWt. mt gHfis j fil F iyia gid iy vW
TWt.

nkny bfhLfgLs iy goUJ M kW khgH
gid iy mjDila mlf iyial mfkhf csJ vgjid
mnwh. j TLj bjhifia yhg vW TWt.

hgH gid iy =
k

gid iy =

yhg =
=
yhg =

khgH mlfiy + yhg

mlfiy + yhg
gid iy mlfiy

15 10
`5

yhg = gid iy mlf iy

M gid iy > M mlf iy, Mjyh yhg ilF.

yhg

yhg

= gid iy mlfiy
= 8 6
= `2

thiHgHf u mGfToa jik cilaJ. Mfnt mj
filfhu mjid zhfhk f Ugglh. Mjyh, mt thiHgHfis
rW Fiwthd iyF (mlf iyia l Fiwthd iy) wh. mlf
iyUJ Fiwfgl bjhifia el vW TWt.
27

maha

thiHgH mlf iy > thiHgH gid iy

Mfnt, el clhF.
thiHgH gid iy =
t hiHgH mlf iy Fiwfgl iy
gid iy

mlf iy el

el = mlf iy gid iy

el = 3 2

el

= `1

1)

xU bghU gid iy, mlf iyia l mfkhf

UFkhdh, yhg bgWt.

yhg = gid iy - mlf iy

2)

xU bghU mlf iy, F iyia l mfkhf UFkhdh,

el milt. el = mlf iy - gid iy

3)

gid iy = mlfiy + yhg

4)

gid iy = mlfiy - el

yhg / el rjjij fhz

uhnfZ `10,000 F bghUfis th mtiw `11,000 F W `1,000,
yhg milwh. Mdh unkZ `1,00,000 F bghUfis th `1,01,000 F
W `1,000 yhg milwh.

UtU

bjhifia

xnu

bgwhY,

yhg
mtf

UtU rk gyid miljhf

1) gF 100 Mf bfhl xbthU

dij ___________vW

Vbd, ah? mf yhg
TWt.
<osh
vgjid
ma,
vd Tw Kokh? KoahJ.

yhgij KjL bjhifl 2)

xl ntL.
3)

vfis rjjkhf vGJ 4)
bghGJ
xLtJ
RygkhwJ.
5)
Mfnt yhgrjjij fhngh.

uhnfZ `10,000 KjL br
bghGJ, `1,000 yhg milwh.
28

1
2 = _________%
35% = _________ (d)

0.05 = _________%
1 = ___ %
4

tha fj
mjhtJ `10,000 F `1,000 yhg bgWwh.
Mjyh, xbthU `1 F, ilF yhg 1000 MF.
10000
Mfnt `100F, yhg = 1000 # 100
10, 000

yhg = 10%

unkZ `1,00,000 KjL br bghGJ `1,000 yhg milwh.

`1,00,000 `1,000 yhg = 1000

100000
yhg rjj = 1000 # 100 = 1
100000
yhg = 1%

nkny TwgLsUJ, unki l uhnfZ mf yhg bgWwh
vgij mnwh.
yhg

Mfnt, yhg rjj =
# 100
mlf iy

mnjnghy, el rjjK fL ofgLwJ.

el rjj =

el
# 100
mlf iy

yhg rjj (myJ) el rjj fhQ nghJ xU bghU mlf
iy jh fzl ntL.

vLJfhL 2.18

xU bkhj ahgh, xU bjhiyfh bgoia `10,000 F th

`12,000 F wh. xU bgo yhg/ elij fhf. 5 bgofis

gjh ilF yhg/ elij fhf.

:
xU bjhiyfh bgo gid iy =

`12,000

xU bjhiyfh bgo mlfiy

`10,000

gid iy > m lf iy, Mjyh yhg L

yhg = gid iy mlfiy

= 12000 10000

yhg = `2,000

xU bjhiyfhbgo gjh ilF yhg

= `2,000

5 bjhiyfhbgofis gjh ilF yhg = 2000 5

5 bjhiyfhbgofis gjh ilF yhg = `10,000
29

maha

vLJfhL 2.19

r# toia `5,000F thdh. uL tUlfSF wF,

`600 FiwJ wh. to gid iy kW el rjjij fhf.

:

to mlfiy = `5000
el = `600

gid iy = mlfiy el

= 5000 600
to gid iy = `4400
el rjj =

el
# 100
mlfiy

= 600 # 100
5000

= 12
el = 12%

vLJfhL 2.20

xU eg xU giHa toia `1,250F thdh. mjid gLj

`250 bry brjh. mt, mjid `1400F wh. mt yhgij myJ

elij fhf.

to mlfiy = `1,250

gLj Md bry = `250

bkhj mlfiy = 1250 + 250 = `1,500

gid iy = `1,400
mlfiy > gid iy, el clhF
el = mlfiy gid iy

= 1500 1400
= 100

el = `100
30

tha fj
el rjj =

el
# 100
mlfiy

= 100 # 100
1500

= 20
3

= 6 2 (myJ) 6.67
3

el = 6.67

vLJfhL 2.21

xU gH ahgh 8 bgo uhirfis, xU bgo `150 vw j thdh.
m xU bgo uhir mG LwJ. jKs bgofis xU bgo `190 vw
iyF wh. yhg / el rjjij fhf.

:
xU bgo uhir mlfiy = `150

8 bgof mlfiy = 150 # 8

= `1200
mGa uhir cs bgof vif = 1
w bgof vif = 8 1
= 7

1 bgo gid iy = `190

7 bgof gid iy = 190 7

= `1330

gid iy > mlfiy vdnt, yhg L

yhg = gid iy mlfiy

= 1330 1200
= 130

yhg = `130
yhg rjj =

yhg
# 100
mlfiy

= 130 # 100
1200

= 10.83

yhg = 10.83%
31

maha

vLJfhL 2.22

uh vw filfhu xU ngdhit `50F th `5 elF wh.

mj gid iyia fhf.

:
ngdh mlfiy = `50

el = `5

gid iy = mlfiy el

= 50 5
= 45
ngdh gid iy = `45.

vLJfhL 2.23

xU g Hhfhf rhuh, nf brjh. xU nf mlfiy

`55 MF. mt xbthU nfif `11 yhgF wh. 25 nfFfis

Ujh gid iyia yhg rjjij fhf.

xU nf mlfiy = `55

w nfFf vif = 25

25 nfFf mlfiy = 55 25 = `1375

1 nf yhg = `11
25 nfFf yhg = 11 25 = `275
gid iy = mlfiy + yhg

= 1375 + 275
= 1,650
= `1,650

yhg rjj =

yhg
# 100
mlfiy

= 275 # 100
1375

= 20

yhg = 20%

32

tha fj

g 2.4

1. rahd ilia vGJf

i) xU ig mlfiy `575 Mf, gid iy `625 Mf Ujh

bgwToa yhg

(A) `50

(B) `575

(C) `625

(D) it VJiy

ii) xU bgo mlfiy `155 Mf, gid iy `140 Mf

Ujh VgL el

(A) `155
(B) `140
(C) `15
(D) it VJiy
iii) xU ig gid iy `235 Mf mlfiy `200 Mf Ujh,

(A) yhg `235

(B) el `3

(C) yhg `35

(D) el `200

iv) yhg myJ el rjj vbghGJ __________ nk fzlgL.

(A) mlfiy

(B) gid iy

(C) yhg

(D) el

v) xU eg `250F tha bghUis `25 yhgF wh. mj yhg

rjj

(A) 25

(B) 10

(C) 250

2. tU mltizia br :
mlfiy

gid iy

yhg

el

144

168

59

38

600

635.45

26599

23237

107.50

100

3. mlfiy kW yhg
iyia fLof
i) mlfiy = `450
ii) mlfiy = `760
iii) mlfiy = `980
iv) mlfiy = `430
v) mlfiy = `999.75

(D) 225

/ el bfhLfgLs nghJ, gid

yhg = `80
el = `140
yhg = `47.50
el = `93.25
el = `56.25
33

maha

4. xU il neh `27, 50,000-F thFwh. mt il brtjfhf

`2,50,000I bryLwh. mj il `33,00,000F wh v,
yhg (m) el rjjij fLof.

5. xU filfhu 10 thiHgHfis `100F thFwh. 2 thiHgHf

mGld. jKs gHfis, xU gH `11 vw iyF wh.
mtUF ilj yhg (m) el rjjij fhf.

6. xU filfhu 100 ngdhfis `250F thFwh. xU ngdh `4F

wh. yhg rjjij fhf.

7. xU fhf ahgh 40 nyh btfhaij ` 360 F thFwh. mt

xU nyh ` 11 vw iyF 36 nyhit wh. jKstiw
xU nyh ` 4.50 vw iyF wh. mtUF ilj yhg/el
rjjij fhf.
VnjD xU bghU bjhrhiy cgah bttUtJ
Kj Efnthiu brwil tiu flF gntW
iyfis fhf
f!
cg brnthnu neuoahf wh, EfnthUF rhjfkhf
UFkh? thf.

f brJ ghf

1. nyh `100, `80 cs uL tifahd vizia gidahs

xUt 3: 2 vw j fyJ mfyitia nyh `101.20F
gid brwh. mtUila yhg myJ el rjjij fhf.

2. rZ X xglfUia uhn#l 10% yhgF wh. uhn#Z

mjid #hl 12 % elF wh. #h `4,840F thUjh,
mj xglfUia rZ vd iyF thdh?

3. jf ahgh xU jfij 5% el fhk, 5% yhg

F nghJ `15 mfkhf ilwJ v, jf mlf
iyia fhf.

34

tha fj

2.5 jto

jbghGJ `10,000
it bjhif brf.
7 MLf Ko
`20,000 bgWf.

jbghGJ `10,000
KjL brf. 6
MLf Ko

`20,000 bgWf.

`10,000 I bghGJ brY 7 MLf Ko `20,000 bgwyh.

`10,000 I bghGJ brY 6 MLf Ko `20,000 bgwyh.

J rhakh? j ntWghLfSF fhuz vd?

nyhnfZ jh grhf bgw `5,000 #] 2008 t

itbjhifahf brYdh. XuhoF wF `5,400Mf Ug bgwh.
mt V TLj bjhif bgwh? vts bjhif mtUF mfkhf
iljJ?

`5,000I mt j ig itJ bfhoUjh, `400I yhgkhf

bgUf Kokh?
nyhnfZ `5,000ij XuhL it bjhif brY, tUl W
`5,400 Mf bgwh.

eh fl thF(bfhLF) nghJ bgw (bfhLj) bjhifial
mfbjhifid brYJnth(bgWnth). TLj bjhifia jh to
(I) vd Fnwh.

nkTa f, nyhnfZ `400 I toahf bgwh. fldhf bgWw
(m) mfgLw bjhifia mr vd Fnwh.

f it bjhifahf brYjgl `5,000 mryhF.

mr tol izj bjhif, bkhj bjhif (A) MF.

nkTa f, bkhj bjhif = mr + to

= `5000 + `400 = `5,400.

to bjhifahdJ vnghJ xnu khahf mikkh? rakhf UfhJ.

35

maha

, tU ffis fhngh.

(i) itbjhifahf brYjgL mr `5,000 MdJ

`10,000 Mf caU nghJ, to bjhif caUkh?

(ii) mnj nghW, `5,000 gy MLfSF it bjhifahf

itfgL nghJ to bjhif caUkh?

M, nkTa U iyfY tobjhif foghf caU.

nkTa

iyf
go,
to
bjhif
mriy
bghWJ,
itbjhiffhd fhyij bghWJ kW to jij bghUJ
khWgL.

`100F fzlgL. mjhtJ,

MoF to j 10% Mf Ujh mj X MoF `100 F `10

to

jkhdJ

MLnjhW

toahf ilfbgW.

Mfnt to tUtdtiw rhJ csJ vgij mnwh.

mryhf brYjgL (m) bgwgL bjhif (P) fhy ms (bgUghY
tUlfshf mik) (n) kW to j (r)

mr bjhifia bghUJ kLnk mik toahdJ j to vdgL.

to fzl
mr `100 Mf, to j r Mf Ujh

1 MLF to

2 MLF to

3 MLF to

n MLF to

Mjyh,

I =

Pnr
100

A = P + I

A = P + Pnr

= 100 # 1 # r
100
= 100 # 2 # r
100
= 100 # 3 # r
100
= 100 # n # r
100

100
A = P`1 + nr j
100
to = KGbjhif mr

I = A P
36

tha fj

I =

Pnr vw NuUJ tU
100
Nufis bgwyh

r = 100I

Pn

n = 100I
Pr

P = 100I
rn
F: n vgJ bghJthf MLf fzlgL. n khjfnyh,
ehfnyh Ujh, mij MLfshf kh fzlgl ntL.

nfhol lij uf
mr

5,000

to

KGbjhif

500

12,500

17,500
6,000

8,450

25,000

750

12,000

15,600

vLJfhL 2.24

fk X MoF 7 % to j `3,000 nrwh. XuhL Ko

mt bgW j toia, bjhifia fhf.

mr (P) = `3,000

ML (n) = 1

to j (r) = 7 %

j to (I) = Pnr
100
= 3000 # 1 # 7
100

I = `210

A = P + I

= 3000 + 210

A = `3,210
37

maha

vLJfhL 2.25

uhfh MoF 11 % to j `5,000 I 2 MLfSF KjL

brwh. ulh Mo Ko mt bgW j toia bjhifia

fhf.

:
mr (P) = `5,000

ML (n) = 2

to j (r) = 11 %

jto I = Pnr
100
= 5000 # 2 # 11
100

= 1100
I = `1,100

bjhif (A) = P + I

= 5000 + 1100
A = `6,100

vLJfhL 2.26

`7,500 F 8 % to j xU tUl 6 khjfSfhd jtoia

bjhifia fhf.

P = `7,500

n = 1 ML 6 khjf

= 1 6 MLf
12

= 1 1 = 3 MLf
2

r = 8 %

I = Pnr

100

7500 # 3 # 8
2
=
100
= 7500 # 3 # 8
2 # 100
38

tha fj

= 900

I = `900

bjhif (A) = P + I

12 khjf = 1 ML

= 6 ML
12

= 1 ML
= `8,400
2
3
to = `900, bjhif = `8,400 3 khjf = 12 ML

khW :

= 1 ML
4

= 7500 + 900

P = `7,500

n = 3 ML

r = 8 %

6 khjf

A = P`1 + nr j
100

3 #8
e
o
2
= 7500 1 +
100

= 7500 c1 + 3 # 8 m
2 # 100
= 7500` 28 j
25
= 300 # 28
= 8400

A = `8400

I = A P

= 8400 7500
= 900

I = `900

to = `900

bjhif = `8,400

vLJfhL 2.27
`6,750F 219 ehfSF 10 % to j jtoia, bjhifia
fhf.
39

maha

P = `6,750

n = 219 ehf

365 ehf = 1 ML

219 ML = 3 ML

219 ehf = 219 ML
365
5
365
r = 10 %
= 3 ML
5
Pnr
I =

73 ehf = 73 ML
100
365
= 1 ML
I = 6750 # 3 # 10
5
5 # 100

= 405

I = `405

A = P + I

= 6750 + 405
= 7,155

A = `7,155
to = `405, bjhif = `7,155

vLJfhL 2.28

uhF 7-6-2006 mW `4,000I fldhf bgW mij 19-8-2006 mW Ug
brYdh. 5% j to fzlglh mt brYa bjhif vts?

P = `4,000

r = 5 %

ehf,

#] = 24 (30 6)

#]iy = 31

MfL = 18

bkhj ehf = 73

n = 73 ehf

73 ML
365
= 1 ML
5

A = P`1 + nr j
100

= 4000 c1 + 1 # 5 m
5 # 100
40

tha fj

= 4000`1 + 1 j
100
= 4000` 101 j = 4,040
100

bjhif = `4,040

vLJfhL 2.29

`7,000 mrYF 16 khjf `1,680 jto iljh, to jij
fL o.

P = `7,000

n = 16 khjf

= 16 tUl = 4 tUl
12

I = `1,680

r = ?

r = 100I

r = 18 %

Pn
= 100 # 1680
7000 # 4
3
= 100 # 1680 # 3 = 18
7000 # 4

vLJfhL 2.30

# `10,000I 5% to j it ahf brYJwh. vjid
MLf `11,000I mt bgWth?

A
P
r
n
I

=
=
=
=
=

`11,000
`10,000
5%
?
AP

= 11,000 10,000 = 1,000

I = `1000

n = 100 I

Pr
= 100 # 1000
10000 # 5

n = 2 MLf.
41

maha

khW Kiw :

A = P`1 + nr j
100

11000 = 10000 `1 + n # 5 j
100

11000 = 1 + n
20
10000
11 = 20 + n
20
10
11 # 20 = 20 + n
10

22 = 20 + n

22 20 = n
n = 2 MLf

vLJfhL 2.31

xU Fl mryhdJ 8% to j vjid MLf _W
klfhF vd fhf?

:
mriy `P vd vLJ bfhnth.

bjhif = _W klF mr

= `3 P

r = 8 %

n = ?

I = A P

= 3P P = 2P

I = ` 2 P

n = 100I

n = 25

MLf = 25

Pr
100
# 2P
=
P#8

khW Kiw :
mriy `100 vd bfhnth.

bjhif = 3 # 100

= `300
42

tha fj

I = A P

= 300 - 100

I = `200.

n = 100I = 100 # 200

Pr
100 # 8
n = 200 = 25
8

MLf vif = 25.

vLJfhL 2.32

xU Fl bjhifahdJ 8% to j 5 MLf `10,080 MwJ.
mriy fhf.

A = `10,080

n = 5 MLf

r = 8 %

P = ?

A = P`1 + nr j
100
10080 = P`1 + 5 # 8 j

100

10080 = P` 7 j
5
5
10080 # = P
7

7,200 = P

mr = `7,200

vLJfhL 2.33

xU Fl mryhdJ 6 MLf `8,880 Mf 4 MLf `7,920
Mf khWwJ v mr kW to jij fhf.

6 ML Ko bjhif = mr + 6 tUl to

= P + I6 = 8880

4 ML Ko bjhif = mr + 4 tUl to

= P + I4 = 7920

I2 = 8880 7920 = 960

43

maha

2 ML Ko to = `960

1 ML Ko to = 960

= 480

2
4 ML Ko to = 480 # 4 = 1,920

P + I 4 = 7920

P + 1920 = 7920

P = 7920 - 1920

P = 6,000

mr = `6,000

r = 100I

r = 8 %

pn
= 100 # 1920
6000 # 4

g 2.5

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) `1000 F 10 % toj 2 MLfSF jto

(A) `1000
(B) `200
(C) `100
(D) `2000

ii) bjhif = `11,500 kW mr = `11,000 v, to MdJ

(A) `500
(B) `22,500
(C) `11,000
(D) `11,000

iii) 6 khjf =

(A) 1 ML
2
iv) 292 ehf =

(A) 1 ML
5

(B) 1 ML
4

(C) 3 ML
4

(D) 1 ML

(B) 3 ML
5

(C) 4 ML
5

(D) 2 ML
5

v) P = `14000 kW I = `1000 v, A vgJ

(A) `15000
(B) `13000
(C) `14000

(D) `1000

2. `5,000 F 10% to j 5 MLf bgwgL jtoia

bjhifia fhf.

3. `1,200 F 12 1 2 % to j 3 MLf bgwgL jtoia

bjhifia fhf.
4. MoF 10% j to jU xU t nyhnfZ `10,000 it
ahf brYdh. mbjhifia 2 ML 3 khjfSF wF mt
Ug bgWwh. mt bgw toia fhf.

44

tha fj

5. `2,500 I 13 % ML to j it ahf brYdh, 146 ehf

bgW bjhifia fhf.

6. `12,000 F 9 % ML to j 21 nk 1999 UJ 2 MfL 1999 tiu

ilF jtoia, bjhifia fhf.

7. rah `6,000 I xU t brY 5 MLf Ko `7500 I bgwh

v, to jij fhf.

8. 10% tUl to j 2 1 MLf `250 toahf jU mr

bjhifia fhf.

9. vjid MLf 8 % to j `5,000 khdJ `5,800 Mf khW?

10. xU bjhifahdJ 10 MLf uo MwJ. to jij fhf.

11. xU bjhifahdJ 12 1 % ML to j xU Fl MLf

12. xU Fl bjhifahdJ 6% to j 3 MLf `6,372

2
uoghwJ. MLf vifia fhf.
MwJ v mriy fhf.

13. xU Fl bjhifahdJ 3 MLf `6,500 Mf 1 1 MLf

2
`5,750 Mf khWwJ. mr kW to jij fhf.

14. ` 3,600 F 15% to j 3 MLf 9 khj bgwgL

jtoia, bjhifia fhf.

15. 16% to j 3 1 MLf ` 2,080 toahf jU mr

4

bjhifia fhf.

f!
1) X mryhdJ 2 tUl 9 klfhf MFbk, mj to
4
j vts?

2) gJ MoF wF uhKF `6,00,000 njitgLwJ. xU

t MoF 20% mjh t uhK vts mryhf
brYjntL?

45

maha

id bfhf!

1. xU d gF 100 ( m ) xU j ulhtJ cW 100 Mf

U, mij rjj vg.
2. rjjij % vW Ffyh
3. dij (myJ) jrk viz rjjkhf khw, 100% M bgUf
ntL
4. xU bghU thF iyia mlf iy vW TWt.
5. xU bghU F iyia gid iy vW TWt.
6. xU bghU gid iy mlf iyia l mfkhf U
yhg ilF.
7. xU bghU mlf iy gid iyia l mfkhf U,
el clhF
8. bkhj mlf iy = mlf iy + gGJghF bry
(myJ nghFtuJ bry).
9. yhg (myJ) el xnu myFs bghUfSF jh fzlgl
ntL.
10. yhg = gid iy mlf iy

11. el = mlfiy gid iy

yhg
12. yhg rjj =
# 100
mlf iy
el
13. el rjj =
# 100 
mlf iy
14. gid iy = mlf iy + yhg

15. gid iy = mlf iy - el

j to (I) = Pnr
100
17.
A = P + I
= P + Pnr
100
= P`1 + nr j
100

16.

18.

19.

20.

21.

I = A P
P = 100I
nr
100
I
r =
Pn
100
I
n =
Pr
46

msitf

msitf
3.1 rtf

X iz vgff xWbfhW
izahf mikJs ehfu rtf vdgL.
izgffSF ilna cs bjhiy
rtf cau MF. gl 4.37 AD, BC
izawit. Mdh AB || DC.

gl 3.1

rtf izaw gff rkkhdh

(AD = BC ), mrtfij Urkgf rtf vnwh.
F

+ A = + B ; + C = + D

AC = BD

+ A + + D = 180 ; + B + + C = 180
gl 3.2

rtf gugs

ABCD vw rtf AB, DC Mait izgffshF.

mt sf Kiwna a, b vf. U iz gffSF ilna cs
bjhiyit h vngh. _iyl BD MdJ rtfij ABD, BCD vw U
Knfhzfshf wJ.

rtf gugs

= D ABD gugs + D BCD gugs

= 1 # AB # h + 1 # DC # h

2
2
1

=
# h 6 AB + DC @
2

= 1 # h6 a + b @ r. myFf
2
gl 3.3
1 #
` rtf gugs = 2 cau # (izgff TLj) r. myFf

vLJfhL 3.1
xU rtf izgff msf 12 br., 8 br.
mtilna cs brFJ bjhiy 10 br.. rtf gugs fhf.
47

maha

:
h = 10 br., a = 12 br., b = 8 br. vd jugLsJ.
1
rtf gugs = 2 # h^a + bh
1
= 2 # 10 # ^12 + 8h = 5 # ^20h

\ rtf gugs = 100 r. br.

vLJfhL 3.2
xU rtf gugs 100 r.br., izgff s 15 br.,

10 br. v izgffSF ilna cs bjhiyit fhf.

:
a = 15 br., b = 10 br., gugs = 100 r.br. vd jugLsJ.

rtf gugs
1 h^ a + bh

2
1 # h # ^15 + 10h

2
h # 25

= 100
= 100
= 100
= 200
200

h = 25 = 8

` izgffSF ilna cs bjhiy = 8 br..

vLJfhL 3.3

xU rtf gugs 102 r.br. , brFJ bjhiy 12 br..
rtf izgff xU gf s 8 br. v kbwhU gf
sbkd?

:
gugs = 102 br. 2, h = 12 br., a = 8 br. vd jugLsJ.

rtf gugs = 102

1 h^ a + bh
= 102
2
1 # 12 # ^8 + bh = 102
2

6 (8 + b) = 102
8 + b = 17 & b = 17 8 = 9

` izgff kbwhU gf s = 9 br.

48

msitf

fhj ko Kiw:
mil jh VnjD xU ms ABCD vw rtf tiuJ, mij
jna bto vLJ bfhs. DC MdJ AB J bghUJkhW eL
kof EF ilF.

gl 3.4

EF MdJ rtfij gl 3.4 (ii) csgo U gFfshf wJ.

EFF brFjhf DUJ

DGI tiua. ilF _W

gFfis jjahf btobaLf.

gl 4.40 (iii) fhoa go tir gLj brtf ilF. mj s
1
AB + CD = a + b kW mfy = 1 (rtf cau) = 2 h
2

` rtf gugs = brtf gugs (gl 4.40 (iii) fhoago)

= s # mfy

1
= ^a + bh` 2 hj

= 2 h^a + bh r. myFf

49

maha

3
g 3.1

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) rtf gugs ____________ r. myFf
1

(A) h^a + bh
(B) 2 h (a + b)
(C) h^a - bh
(D) 1 h (a b)
2
ii) U rkgf rtf v rtf

(A) izaw gff rk (B) izahd gff rk

(C) cau = mogf

(D) izgff = izaw gff
iii) xU rtf izgff TLj 18 br., FJau 15 br.
v mj gugs

(A) 105 br. 2

(B) 115 br. 2
(C) 125 br. 2
(D) 135 br. 2
iv) izgff TLj 20 br. Mf bfhl rtf gugs
80 br. 2 v mj FJau.

(A) 2 br.
(B) 4 br.
(C) 6 br.
(D) 8 br.
rtff izgffSF ilna cs bjhiyfS ( cau),
izgffS nH jugLsd. mt gugsfis fhf:
i) cau = 10 br., izgff = 4 br. , 6 br.
ii) cau = 11 br., izgff = 7.5 br. , 4.5 br.
iii) cau = 14 br., izgff = 8 br. , 3.5 br.

2.

3. xU rtf gugs 88 br.2, brFJ bjhiy (cau) 8 br..

rtf izgff xU gf s 10 br. v kbwhU
gf sij fhf.

4. xU n jhlkhdJ rtf to c sJ. m j izgff

40 , 3 0 . izgffSF ilna cs bjhiy 25 . njhl
gugs fhf.
5. xU rtf gugs 960 br.2. mj izgff 40 br.,
60 br. v mtilna cs bjhiyit fhf.

3.2 tl

efU

e mwhl thif rfuf,
ehzaf, tisaf, uhrj uhod,
fbgh
tLf
(CD)
nghw
gy
bghUfis ghUnwh.

mit vj tot csd?

iyahd

tl tot, tl tot, tltot.
gl 3.5

M, tl tot jh. fj mij
tl vd TWnwh. bghGJ tl tiutjF Ka brnth.

VnjD xU sKila id vLJbfhL gl fhoago mj xU
Kidia O vw bghUj. kWKid bg (myJ Rijfo)
bghU bjh VglhjthW GJ A vw itf.
50

msitf

bjh Vglhk A UJ bgiy ef bfhnl tu.
kWKiw bg A tUnghJ eftij Wl, bghGJ bgyh
VgLjgl ghijia ftf.

bgyh VgLjgl ghijahdJ tlkh? nenfhlh?
`tl
M, bfhLfgl rkjs J, xU iyahd UJ rku
efU ghij xU tl vdgL.

iyahd tl ika vdgL.
iyahd F, efU F ilna cs
khwhj u Mu vdgL.

tl ghff

mjhtJ tl ikaij xU Kidahf

tl nkYs VnjD xU ia kbwhU
Kidahf bfhl nfhLJL Mu MF.
Mu r vd FfgL.

tl nkYs VnjD U fis
nrF nfhLJL eh vdgL.

gl 3.6

eh

tl ika tahf brY eh l vdgL. l d

vd FfgL.
f skhd eh lkhF. ( mjhtJ d = 2r )
tlij U rkghffshf l wJ. xbthU ghfK miutl
vdgL.

f:

xU tl vjid
lfis
bfhoUF.

xU tl csMuf
xnu msthdit

tl g:

clg
nkbfhS
xUt
tlghij UKiw XLwh. mt Xoa
bkhj uij cfsh fzl Kokh?

ghijahdJ tl totkhf Ugjh
mj uij msf eh l msitia
(msnfh) gagLj KoahJ.

gl 3.7

eh vd brayh?

xU %gh ehzaij vLJ bfhs.
ehzaij xU jh itJ mij R viy nfhL
tiuJ, wF ehzaij jhUJ vLJl.
viy nfho, gl 3.8 fhoago A vw ia
Ff.
51

gl 3.8

maha

xU id vLJ xU Kidia A itf. viy nfho J

yhdJ rahf bghUJkhW mikf, yhdJ kWKiw Ait bjhLnghJ

id fjf. mJ jh kWKidahF.

snk ehza gahF.

vdnt, tlij xU Kiw R tU u tl g vdgL. g

C vd FfgL. mjhtJ tl Rwsnt gahF.

rh_o myJ tltotkhd VnjD xU bghUis vLJ

bfhL mj gia fhz. Kojh tl gF,
tl lFKs bjhlig fL of.

xU tl gF, lF ilna cs bjhl

3.5 br., 7 br., 5 br., 10.5 br. Mu bfhl ehF tlfis
(Ma Jiz bfhL) tiua. lij msnfh bfhL, gia
Jizl gl 3.9 fhoago fhz.

gl 3.9

mtiw mltiz 3.1 uL, gF lFKs
jij fzl.
tl

Mu

l
(d )

g
(C)

C
j ` d j

3.5 br.

7 br.

22 br.

7 br.

14 br.

44 br.

22
7 = 3.14
44 = 22
14
7 = 3.14

5 br.

10 br.

----

----

10.5 br.

21 br.

----

----

mltiz 3.1
52

msitf
nkfl mltizUJ vd bjJ bfhlh?
C
j ` d j njhuhakhf rkkhf csjh?
M!
C
& C = ^3.14h d

d = 3.14

vdnt, tl gahdJ l _W klifl vnghJ
mfkhF vd Twyhkh?
M!
C
vyh tifY d k xU khahF. j khia r vw
22
nuf vGjh Fnwh (ij ig vd gof). j njhuha k 7
myJ 3.14 MF. vdnt,
C r &
C = rd myFf
d =

F d vgJ tl lkhF.
tl l Mu UklfhF vd ekF bj. mjhtJ d = 2r .
vdnt, nkfl NuUJ, C = rd = r^2r h & C = 2rr myFf.

r kig gntW fj mPf fzLsd.

22
ghnyhaf : r = 3
nuff: r = 7 myJ 3.14
Mbko : 3 1 < r < 3 10
Maglh : r = 62838 myJ 3.1416
2000
7
71
22
bghGJ r =
(m) 3.14 vw kig gagLJnth.
7

vLJfhL 3.4
21 br.. lkhf bfhl tl Rws fhf.
:
l jugLsjh,

tl Rws = rd
22
= 7 # 21

= 66 br..

F r = 22
7

vLJfhL 3.5
3.5 Mukhf bfhl tl Rwsit fhf.
:
Mu jugLsjh,

tl Rws = 2rr
53

maha

3
22

= 2 # 7 # 3.5
= 2 22 0.5
= 22
vLJfhL 3.6
88 br. sKs xU f xU tlkhf tisfgLwJ. tl Mu
fhf.

f s = 88 br.

tl Rws = f s
2rr = 88
2 # 22 # r = 88

7
88 # 7

r = 2 # 22 = 14 br.
` tl Mu 14 br. MF.

vLJfhL 3.7
xU to rfu l 63 br.. mJ 20 RWf Rdh flF
bjhiyit fhf.

:
rfu xU KG RW Rdh,
xU KG R flF bjhiy = rfu Rws
` rfu Rws = rd myFf
22
= 7 # 63

= 198 br.
xU KG RW Rdh flF bjhiy = 198 br.
` 20 KG RW Rdh flF bjhiy = 20 198
= 3960 br.
= 39 60 br. [100 br. = 1 ]
vLJfhL 3.8
8800 br.. bjhiy flf cJ to rfu 50 RWf RWwJ.
mrfu Mu vd?

:
flF bjhiy = RWf vif # Rws

Rws =

2rr =

flF bjhiy
RWf vif
8800
50
54

msitf

i.e., 2rr = 176

2 # 22 # r = 176
7
176 # 7
r = 2 # 22
r = 28 br.

` rfu Mu = 28 br..

vLJfhL 3.9
khLto rfu Mu 70 br. mJ 132 bjhiy fljh rfu
vjid KGRWf RUF?

:
r = 70 br., flj bjhiy = 132 vd jugLsJ.
` to rfu Rws = 2rr
22
= 2 # 7 # 70

= 440 br.
flj bjhiy = RWf vif # Rws

flj bjhiy
Rws
= 132
440 br.

= 13200 br. (1 . = 100 br., 132 . = 13200 br.)
440 br.

` RWf vif =

= 30

` RWf vif = 30.

vLJfhL 3.10
xU ta bt Rws 44 . ta bt ika mofgLs
Kid JfW bfhL xU gRkhL flgLsJ. tabt KGtJ
gRkhL nka Kokhdh gRkhL flgLs J f sbkd?

:
Jf s = tl Mu

Rws = 44 (jugLsJ)
mjhtJ, 2rr = 44
2 # 22 # r = 44
7
44 # 7
` r = 2 # 22 = 7

` gRkhL flgLs Jf s 7 .
55

gl 3.10

maha

vLJfhL 3.11
tl tot njhl Mu 56 . mnjhlF ntnghl lUF
`10 j MF bry vts?

:
nt s = tl tot njhl Rws
njhl Rws = 2rr

= 2 # 22 # 56 = 352

7
nt s = 352 .

1 nt nghl MF bry = `10

` 352 nt nghl MF bry = `10 # 352

= `3520

` ntnghl MF bkhj bry `3520.

vLJfhL 3.12
xU tltot fhF ntnghl xU lUF `5 j MF bry
`1100. fh Mubkd?

:
ntnghl MF bry = Rws # j

` Rws = ntnghl MF bry

j
1100
mjhtJ 2rr = 5
2rr = 220
22
`2#
# r = 220
7
220 # 7
r = 2 # 22

= 35 .

` fh Mu = 35 .

braghL - tltot toa gyif

rJu toyhd gyifia vLJ bfhL m tl
tiua.
tl Rws Mfis mof (glij ghf)
ug ng cjl gyjkhd lf, ehf,
Muf Matiw mikJ mt bjhlig
xl.
56

msitf

g 3.2

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) tl ikaij, tl nkYs VnjD xU ia nrF

nfhL Jo bga

(A) l
(B) Mu
(C) eh
(D) xWiy
ii) tl nkYs VnjD U fis nrF nfhLJo bga

(A) l
(B) Mu
(C) eh
iii) tl ika tahf brY eh bga

(D) xWiy

(A) l
(B) Mu
(C) eh
iv) tl l 1 v mj Mu

(D) xWiy

(A) 100 br.

(B) 50 br.
(C) 20 br.
v) 14 br. Mukhf bfhl tl Rws

(D) 10 br.

(A) 22 br.

(C) 66 br.

(D) 88 br.

2. tU mltiz nfhol lfis uf.

3.


4.


5.


6.

(B) 44 br.

Mu ( r )

l ( d )

Rws (c)

(i)

35 br.

-----

-----

(ii)

-----

56 br.

-----

(iii)

-----

-----

30.8 br.

fl l msf bfhl tlf Rws fhf.:

(i) 35 br.
(ii) 84 br.
(iii) 119 br.
(iv) 147 br.
fl Mu msf bfhl tlf Rws fhf.
(i) 12.6 br.
(ii) 63 br.
(iii) 1.4 .
(iv) 4.2 .
fl Rwsfis bfhl tlf Mufis fhf.
(i) 110 br.
(ii) 132 br.
(iii) 4.4 .
(iv) 11 .
to rfu l 2.1 . mJ 100 RWf Rdh flF
bjhiyit fhf.

7. tl tot fh l 98 . fhit R nt mikf lUF

`4 j MF bryit fhf.
8. xU kG rfu 66 . bjhiy flf 20 RWf Rdh
mrfu l fhf.
9. xU to rfu Mu 35 br. mJ 81.4 bjhiy flf rfu
vjid Kiw RUF?
10. tl tot fh Mu 63 . fhit R nt mikf
lUF `12 j MF bryit fhf.
57

maha

tl gugs
fltiw fUJf.

70 Mu bfhl xU tl toyhd taiy
cHt rk brwh. mij rkbra mtUF
MF bry vd?

tl gah
milgL gF
tlgFahF.

1.5 Mukhf bfhl tltot nkir

nkghf njJ, gsgsghf khw MF bry

vts?
bryfis vgo fLogJ?
j bryfis fLof, vij cik fla ntL?
gugsthmyJ Rwsth?
gugs, gugs, gugs.
M, ij nghw neuf eh tlgF gugsit fhgJ
mtakhwJ.
Jtiu, nenfhLfsh Md Knfhzf, ehfuf Mat
gugsfis fhQ Kiwfis bjJ bfhnlh. Mdh tl vgJ kw
js cUtfis ngh myhk tisnfhLfsh MdJ.
vdnt tlij nenfhLfsh Md cUtkhf kh, gugs fhz eh
ntbwhU a tia fhz ntosJ.
xU sfgl milia (Chart) vLJbfhL tl tiuf. tlij
jahf vLJ bfhf. tlgF gh msit HLf. wF gl 3.11
fhoago tlij 8 fshf J, jahf btobaLf.

gl 3.11

btobaLfgl fis flthW tirgLj.

gl 3.12
58

msitf
nghJ ilUF cUtbkd?

j 8 fS njhuhakhf xU izfuij mikJsd.

ijnghy tlgFia 64 fshf J, btobaLJ,
tirgLj, xU brtf miktij fhzyh (ghf gl 4.50).

gl 3.13
j brtf mfybkd?
tl Mu brtf mfykhwJ.
mjhtJ
mfy b = r

..... (1)

j brtf sbkd?
bkhj tl gFia 64 fshf gjh brtf xbthU
sK 32 fis bfhljhwJ. vdnt brtf s 32 f
skhF. j 32 f s tlg ghahF.
1
` s l = 2 [tl Rws]

1
= 2 62rr @ = rr

` l = rr
..... (2)
tl gugs = brtf gugs (gl 3.13 UJ)

= l # b
= (rr) # r

((1), (2) UJ)

= rr2 r. myFf

2
` tl gugs = rr r. myFf

vLJfhL 3.13
14 br. lkhf bfhl tl gugs fhf.
:

l d = 14 br.
d
14
vdnt,
Mu r = 2 = 2 = 7 br.
2
tl gugs = rr

22
= 7 # 7 # 7

= 154 r. br.

` tl gugs = 154 r. br.

59

maha

vLJfhL 3.14
ta mofgLs fil 3.5 s bfhl J fW bfhL
ML flgLsJ. ML nkaToa mfgr gF gugsit fhf.

tl Mu = J f s
7
` Mu r = 3.5 . = 2 .

MLnka Toa mfgr gF

gugs = rr2 r. myFf

= 22 # 7 # 7

7
2 2
= 77 = 38.5 r. .
2
` ML nkaToa mfgr gF gugs 38.5 r..

gl 3.14

vLJfhL 3.15
tl tot fh Rws 176 . fh gugs fhf.

Rws = 176 .

(jugLsJ)

2rr = 176
2 # 22 # r = 176
7
r = 176 # 7
44
` r = 28 .

2
fh gugs = rr
= 22 # 28 # 28
7
= 22 # 4 # 28

= 2464 r..
vLJfhL 3.16
xU bt f tisfgL rJukhf khW nghJ, mjdh milgL
gF gugs 121 r.br.. mnj btf tlkhf tisfgLwJ v
tl gugs vd?

:
rJu gf a vf.

rJu gugs =

a2 =
rJu Rws =

=

121 r. br.. (jugLsJ)

121 & a = 11 br.
(11 # 11 = 121)
4a myFf
4 # 11 br.

= 44 br.
60

msitf
f s = rJu Rws

= 44 br.
fahdJ tlkhf tisfgLwJ.

tl Rws = f s

` tl Rws = 44 br.

2rr = 44
` 2 # 22 # r = 44
7
44 # 7
r = 44

r = 7 br.

` tl gugs = rr2
= 22 7 br. 7 br.
7

tl gugs = 154 br.2.

vLJfhL 3.17
tltot kidia xUt gJ Kiw RWwh. mt flj bkhj
bjhiy 352 vd fzlgLwJ. kid gugs fhf.

10 Kiw R flF bjhiy = 352

352
xU Kiw R flF bjhiy = 10 = 35.2
tl tot kid Rws = xU Kiw R flF bjhiy
` Rws = 35.2 .

2rr = 35.2

22
2#
# r = 35.2

7

r =

35.2 # 7
44

= 0.8 # 7
= 5.6
2
tl tot kid gugs = rr

22

= 7 # 5.6 # 5.6
= 22 # 0.8 # 5.6
= 98.56 r.
` tl tot kid gugs = 98.56 r.
vLJfhL 3.18
37 br. sK, 29 br. mfyK cila brtf tot fahdJ tl
totkhf kh mikfgLwJ. tl Mu kW gugsit fhf.
61

maha

f s = brtf Rws

= 2 [ s + mfy]
= 2 [37 br. + 29 br.] = 2 # 66 br.
= 132 br..
fahdJ tlkhf khwgLwJ vgjh,

tl Rws = f s

` tl Rws = 132

2rr = 132
2 # 22 # r = 132
7
132 # 7
r = 44
= 21

` tl Mu = 21 br.
2
tl gugs = rr

22
= 7 # 21 # 21 = 22 # 3 # 21
` tl gugs = 1386 r. br..

g 3.3
1. fhQ l msf bfhl tlf gugsfis fhf.
(i) 7 br. (ii) 10.5 br. (iii) 4.9
(iv) 6.3 ( r = 22 vd bfhf)
7

2. fhQMu msf bfhl tlf gugsfis fhf
(i) 1.2 br. (ii) 14 br. (iii) 4.2
(iv) 5.6 ( r = 22 vd bfhf)
7

3. tl tot kid l 28 . kidia rkbra xU r. lUF `3

j MF bryit fhf.

4. bt cs xU fil ML xW 7 . sKs fwh

flgLwJ. mJ nk mfgr gF gugsit fhf.

5. xU tlK, xU rJuK 88 I Rwsthf bfhLsd. vJ mf

gugsit bfhoUF?

6. xU rfu 2200 . bjhiyit flf 100 RWf RWwJ. rfu

gugsit fhf.

7. xU f 28 br. MuJl tl to csJ. fahdJ tisfgL

rJukhf khwgLwJ. rJu Rws tl Rws rk v
rJu gugs fhf.
62

msitf

8. tltot kid gugs 3850 r. . kid Muijfhf. mjF

ntnghl lUF `10 j MF bryit fhf.

9. tl tot ikjhd Mu 70 . ikjhdij R xU FHij elJ

tjh, mFHij elj u vts?

10. tl tot y gu 154 2. Xl gja u 5 ../k vw j

myij 2 Kiw Xotu vLJ bfhS neu vts?

11. s 50 br.., mfy 32 br.. bfhl X mil 7 br.. Mu bfhl

tl vjid btlyh?

3.3 ghijt gugs

e mwhl thif eilg nkbfhS lfshf fh,
isahLl, r Fs Ra gF nghwit csd.

fh cs ghijia tiugl _y cfsh tiua Kokh?

it nghw ghijf
Mdj kiljJlh?

gugsit

fhzKo

vwJ

brtf tot r Fs cs ghijia, nghnlh nu
Hglij Rs gFia bjhl gLj Kokh?

it nghw vLJfhLfis cfsh f Kowjh?

gF

Matiw fhQ Kiwfis mJ bfhnth.

brtf ghij gugs

tl ghij gugs

brtf ghij gugs

(m) brtfij R btw mik uhd ghij
brtf tot fllij fUJf. mij R xU uhd gh
mikfgLwJ. gh gugsit vthW fhgJ?
uhd gh fllK nrJ
nkY xU brtf totij clhF.
ij bt brtf vngh. fllij
cbrtf vngh.
fll s, mfyf Kiwna l , b
vf.
`

c brtf gu = l b r.

myFf.

gl 3.15

gh mfyij w vngh.
bt
vd?

brtf

s,

mfyf
63

gl 3.16

maha

btbrtf s (L) = w + l + w = ^l + 2wh myFf

btbrtf mfy (B) = w + b + w = ^b + 2wh myFf

` bt brtf gugs = L # B

= ^l + 2wh^b + 2wh r.myFf
bghGJ, gh gugs vd?
rahf brhtbjwh, gh gugs vgJ U brtffSF
ilna cs ghijahF.
` gh gugs = (fllK, gh nrj gugs)

(fll gugs)

bghJthf,

ghij gugs = (bt brtf gugs) (c brtf gugs)

mjhtJ, ghij gugs = (l + 2w) (b + 2w) lb.

vLJfhL 3.19
bt brtf gugs 360 r., c brtf gugs 280 r..
uhd ghij U brtffSF il csJ. ghij gugs vd?

:
ghij gugs = (btbrtf gugs) (c brtf gugs)

= (360 280) = 80
` ghij gugs = 80 2
vLJfhL 3.20
xU brtf tot fll s 20 ,mfy 10 . fllij R
btwkhf 1 mfyKs ghij mikfgLsJ. ghij gugs fhf.

:
c brtf
( bfhLfgLsJ)
l = 20
b = 10

gugs = l b
gugs = 20 10

= 200 2

btbrtf
mfy, w

=1

L = l + 2w

= 20 + 2 = 22

B = b + 2w

= 10 + 2 = 12
gugs = (l + 2w) (b + 2w)
gugs = 22 # 12

64

= 264 2

msitf
ghij gugs = (bt brtf gugs) (c brtf gugs)
= ( 264 200 ) 2 = 64 2
` ghij gugs = 64 2

vLJfhL 3.21

gl 3.17
btbrtf

c brtf
( bfhLfgLsJ)
l
b
gugs

= 45 .
= 27 .
= 45. # 27
= 1215 2.

(i)

xU g cs fiy Tl
s 45 , mfy 27 . fiy TlijR
btwkhf 3 . mfyKs jhthu csJ.
jhthu gugs vd? mjhthu
XL gf 1 r. lUF `100 j MF
bry fhf.

mfy,

w = 3 .
L = l + 2w

= 45 + 6 = 51 .
B = b + 2w
= 27 + 6 = 33 .
gugs = 51 # 33 .

= 1683 2

jhthu gugs = (btbrtf gugs)

(c brtf gugs)
= (1683 1215) 2 = 468 2.
` jhthu gugs = 468 2 (myJ) 468 r..
(ii)

1 r. lUF XLgf MF bry = `100

468 r. lUF XLgf MF bry = `100 # 468
= `46,800
` jhthu XL gf MF bry = `46,800

(M) brtf cw mik uhd ghij

brtf tot ikjhd eL xU rFs csJ. mr
Fsij R jiu mikf uhd mfyKs ghij csJ.
r FsF btwKs ghij elgLwJ v el
MF bryit vgo fhgJ ?
ghij gugs, jiu mikf 1 r. myFF MF jK bjjh
jiu mikf MF bryit ekh fhz aY.
65

maha

jiu

F brtftot ikjhd bt
brtfkhF. j s l , mfy b .
r Fs

` ikjhd gugs (bt

brtf) = l b myFf.
w vgJ ghij mfybk
r
Fs
s,
(jiu),
mfybkd?

gl 3.18

r Fs s = l - w - w
= l - 2w

r Fs mfy = b - w - w

= b - 2w
` r Fs gugs (c brtf) = ^l - 2wh^b - 2wh r. myFf
jiu gugs = ikjhd gugs r Fs gugs
bghJthf,
ghij gugs = (btbrtf gugs) (c brtf gugs)
= lb (l 2w) (b 2w)

vLJfhL 3.22

8 sK, 5 mfyK bfhl xU

miw cwkhf uhd t tz
ghij 0.5 mfy rgLwJ. t
tz ghij gugs fhf.
:

gl 3.19

bt brtf
( bfhLfgLsJ)
l

b
gugs

= 8 .
= 5 .
= 8 . # 5 .
= 40 2.

c brtf
mfy, w = 0.5 .

L = l - 2w

= (8 1) . = 7

B = b - 2w

= (5 1) . = 4
gugs = 7 4 .

= 28 2.

ghij gugs = (bt brtf gugs)

(c brtf gugs)
66

msitf

= (40 28) 2
= 12 2
` t tz ghij gugs = 12 2.

vLJfhL 3.23
xU jiu msf 3 . # 2 . jiu midJ
gffUJ 0.25 mfy bfhl uhd gil xW btobaLfgLwJ.
jKs jiu gugs fhf. nkY, btobaLfgl gil
gugs vd?

:
btbrtf
(jiuUJ uhd
gil
btobaLgjF K)
l = 3
b = 2
gugs
= 3 # 2

=62

c brtf
( jiu UJ
uhd gil btovLj wF)
mfy, w = 0.25
L = l - 2w = (3 0.5)

B

gugs

= 2.5
= b - 2w = (2 0.5)
= 1.5
= 2.5 # 1.5

= 3.75 2

jiuUJ uhd gil btobaLj wF mj gugs = 3.75 2

btobaLfgl uhd gil gugs = (jiu gugs)

(jKs gF gugs)

= (6 3.75) 2.

F: c brtf s, mfyf
bfhLfglh, bt brtf s, mfyf
Kiwna l + 2w , b + 2w MF. F w vgJ uhd
ghij mfykhF.
bt

brtf
s,
mfyf
bfhLfglh, c brtf s, mfyf
Kiwna l - 2w , b - 2w MF.
67

` btobaLfgl gil gugs = 2.25 2.

= 2.25 2.

gl 3.20

maha

3
g 3.4

1. 60 # 40 mss isahL ikjhd midJ gffS 3

gLj gLwJ. gLjgl gF gugs vd?

2. brtf to cs xU g isahL l s 80 , mfy

60 . mij R 2 mfy uhd bk ghij mikfgLwJ.
bk ghij xU rJu lUF `20 j mikf MF bryit
fhf.
3. brtf totKs xU njhl msf 30 # 20 . njhlij
R btw 1.5 mfy xU uhd ghij rJu lUF `10
j mikfgLwJ. bkhj bry vts?

4. 50 br. sK 30 br. mfyK bfhl xU tiugljh gl xW

tiuagLwJ. mj midJ gffY 2.5 br. mfy Xu
lgLwJ. Xu lgl gF gugs fhf.

5. brtf tot tunt miw s 10 . mfy 7 . RtUJ cwkhf

1 midJ gffY lgL miw eL jiu
nghlgLwJ. jiu gugs fhf. nkY, jiugh
_lglhj gF gugs fhf.
6. rlf bghUjgl xU H gl btw s, mfyf Kiwna
80 br., 50 br. MF. mfy 3 br. bfhl rlf Hglij
RY csd. Hgl bja Toa gF gugs vd?

tlghij
bghJika tlf
xU rkjs xU ia bghJ ikakhf bfhL
btntW Mu msf tiuagl tlf bghJika
tlf vdgLwd.

tlghij

tl tot fh eil gfhf uhd mfy
bfhl ghij xW nghl goUF.
mghij gugsit cfsh fLof Kokh?

gl 3.21

Ko. U bghJika tlfSF ilgl
gugsnt ghij gugsthF. gl 3.22 O MdJ uL
tlfSF bghJ ika MF. bttl Mu R, c tl
Mu r vf.

Hlgl gF tltiya myJ tlghij

vnwh.

mjhtJ,

uL

bghJika

ilgl gF tlghijahF.
68

tlfSF

gl 3.22

msitf
tlghij mfy, w = R r myFf

mjhtJ w = R r & R = w + r myFf
r = R w myFf.

tlghij gugs = ( bttl gugs) - ( c tl gugs)
= rR2 - rr2
= r^ R2 - r2h r. myFf
` tlghij gugs = r^ R2 - r2h r. myFf
= r^ R + r h^ R - r h r. myFf
vLJfhL 3.24
mLUF gl U bghJika tlfis
fhLwJ. bttl Mu 14 br., c tlMu 7
br. v,
(i) bttl gugs fhf.
(ii) ctl gugs fhf.
(iii) U tlfSF il cs Hl
gF gugs fhf.

:
i) bttl

R =
gugs =
=
=
=

gl 3.23

ii) ctl
r = 7
14
2
2
rR
gugs = rr
22 # 14 # 14
22
= 7 # 7 # 7
7
22 # 28 = 22 # 7
616 br.2
= 154 br.2

iii) Hl gF gugs
= (bt tl gugs) (c tl gugs)
= (616 154) br.2 = 462 br.2
vLJfhL 3.25
5 br. MuKs tltot jhUJ, 3 br. MuKs bghJika tl
btobaLfgLwJ. jKs jh gugs fhf. ( r = 3.14 vd bfhf.)

:
R = 5 br., r = 3 br. vd jugLsJ.
jKs jh gugs = r^ R2 - r2h
= 3.14 (52 32)
= 3.14 (25 9)
= 3.14 16 = 50.24 br.2
69

maha

khWKiw:
bttl

ctl

r
gugs

= 5 br.

gugs = rR r.myFf
2

= 3.14 # 5 # 5

= 3.14 # 25
= 78.5 br.2

= 3 br.
= rr2 r.myFf
= 3.14 # 3 # 3
= 3.14 # 9
= 28.26 br.2

jKs jh gugs = ( bttl gugs) - ( ctl gugs)

= (78.5 28.26) br.2

= 50.24 br.2
` jKs jh gugs = 50.24 br.2
vLJfhL 3.26
tltot

njhl

gugs

5002. Mu 12 bfhl tlgF kLnk

ghR

wbfhl

njhl
njhl

ika

KGikF

fUahdJ

bghUjgLsJ.

fUahdJ

ghRkh?

( r = 3.14 vd bfhf)

gl 3.24

:
njhl gugs = 500 2 vd jugLsJ.

fUahdJ, ghR gF gugs = rr

= 3.14 # 12 # 12

= 3.14 # 144

= 452 .16 2

njhl gugsit l ghR gF gugs Fiwthf

Ugjh fUahdJ njhl KGikF ghrhJ.

vLJfhL 3.27
50 Mukhf bfhl tl tot fh btw 2 mfy
rkuhd tlghij mikfgLwJ. mghijia rkbra xU rJu
lUF `5 j MF bryit fhf ( r = 3.14 vd bfhf).
70

msitf

:
r = 50 , w = 2 , R = r + w = 50 + 2 = 52
tlghij gugs = r^ R + r h^ R - r h

= 3.14 # ^52 + 50h^52 - 50h

= 3.14 # 102 # 2
= 3.14 # 204

gl3.25

= 640.56 2
1 rJu . ghijia rkgLj MF bry = `5

640.56 rJu . ghijia rkgLj MF bry = `5 # 640.56

= `3202.80

` tlghijia rk bra MF bry = `

3202.80

g 3.5
1. tltotKs ijauF x mogf Mu 50 . bghJ
ikaUJ 20 uF fiyPf fia nkbfhs tl
tisa itfgLsJ. ghitahsfSF xJfgl l
gugs fhf.
( r = 3.14 vd bfhf).
2. 30 Mu bfhl tl tabt viyUJ cwkhf 3
mfy tlghij mikfgLwJ. tl ghij gugsit
fhf.
( r = 3.14 vd bfhf)
3. tl tisa cnyhf c tl Mu 7 br. bt tl Mu 10.5 br..
xU rJu l cnyhfJF `5 j brythdh, 25 tisa bra MF
bryit fhf.
4. 3 Mu bfhl tltot ziw R 1.5 mfy bfhl uhd
nkil mikfgLwJ. nkil gugs fhf. ( r = 3.14 vd bfhf)
5. 56 MuKila tltot fh btw 2.5 mfyKila uhd
tlghij mikfgLwJ. ghijia rk bra r. lUF `5 j
MF bryit fhf. ( r = 3.14 vd bfhf)
6. bghJ ika tlf Muf 56 br.., 49 br.. v, tl ghij
gu ahJ?
7. xU tl tot ghij gu 88 2. bttl Mu 8 br.. v
ctl Mu vd?
8. xU tl ghij guid rk bra ` 6 rJu l j `
12,012 MwJ. tl ghij gugs ahJ? nkY, ctl
Mu 28 . v bt tl Muij fhf.
71

maha

id bfhf!
gl

gugs

Nu

1 cau
2
izgff
TLj

1 h (a + b)
2
r. myFf

tl Rws =
2 r Mu

2 r r myFf

rtf

tl gugs =
r Mu Mu

r r2 r. myFf

tl

i) brtfghij
gugs

ii) tlghij
gugs =
bttl gugs
- ctl gugs
tl ghij

72

bt brtf
gugs c brtf
gugs

r (R 2 r2)
r. myFf
(myJ)
r (R + r) (R r)
r. myFf

toa

toa
4.1 Knfhz: ghit
Knfhz vgJ _W
bfhLs _oa rkjs totkhF.

nfhLJLfis

gl 4.1 AB, BC kW CA vw nfhLJLf

_oa totij cUthsd. J Knfhz MF.
jid D ABC vW Ffyh. j Knfhzij
D ABC myJ D BCA myJ D CAB vd bgalyh.
nfhLJLf
clha
Knfhz
Knfhz _W gffshF. gl 4.1 - AB , BC
kW CA vgd Knfhz _W gffshF.

gl 4.1

Knfhz
_W
nfhLJLf
VnjD
uL
nfhLJLf btLw ia Knfhz c vnwh. gl 4.1 A,B kW C vgd Knfhz _W cf MF.
uL nfhLJLf btLnghJ xU nfhz clhwJ.
gl 4.1- AB kW BC B btLwJ kW nfhzij c
VgLJwJ.
j nfhzij eh nfhz B myJ + B myJ+ ABC vd gofyh.
Mfnt KnfhzkhdJ + A, + B,+ C vw _W nfhzfis bfhLsJ.
gl 4.1 - D ABC F
gff :

AB, BC, CA

nfhzf :

+ CAB, + ABC,+ BCA

cf :

A, B, C

cf A, B, C- vgff Kiwna BC, CA, AB vgd.

gff BC, CA, ABF vnu cs nfhzf Kiwna + A, + B, + C.

Knfhz vgJ _W nfhLJLfisbfhLs _oa
rkjs totkhF. J _W cfis, _W gffis, _W
nfhzfis bfhLsJ.

4.2 Knfhzf tiff

gff mogil

rkgf Knfhz Knfhz vyh gffS rk.

U rkgf Knfhz uL gff rk.
mrk gf Knfhz gff rkkwit.
73

maha

nfhz mogil
brnfhz
Knfhz
vgJ
Knfhz
xU
brnfhzkhf kw U nfhzf FWnfhzkhf UF.

nfhz

nfhz Knfhz vgJ Knfhz xU nfhz nfhzkhf

kw U nfhzf FWnfhzkhf UF.
FWnfhz Knfhz vgJ Knfhz _W nfhzfS
FWnfhzkhf UF.
xU Knfhz uL gff TLj _whtJ gfijl
mfkhf UF.

4.3 Knfhz nfhzf TLj g

braghL 1
ABC vw VjhtJ xU Knfhzij
xU jh t iuJ, nfhzf 1, 2 k W
3 vg ij uL gffY jh
g l 4.2 (i) csg o Ff .
ABC vw Knfhzij btl. A
vw cia BC vw gf gl 4.2 (ii)
csgo kof cf B kW C I gl 4.2
(iii) csgo kof.

7 br.., 5 br..,
13 br.. vw msf
xU Knfhzij
mikFkh?

gl. 4.2
bghGJ f + 1, + 2 kW + 3 nenfho Ugij fhzyh.
UJ

+ 1 + + 2 + + 3 = 180
+ A + + B + + C = 180

vgij mayh. xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj 180 MF.

braghL 2
gl 4.3 (i) csgo xU Knfhz tiuf. mj _W nfhzfis
bto vLf. mtiw gl 4.3 (ii)
csgo kh itf. bghGJ f
_W nfhzfS nrJ xU nfhzij
cUthsij mayh. nfhz
nenfhz MF. Mjyh mj ms
gl. 4.3
180 MF.
74

toa

f.
1. xU Knfhz _W nfhzf 60 F Fiwthf Ujh
Knfhz ilFkh?
2. xU Knfhz uL nfhzf brnfhzkhf Ujh
Knfhz ilFkh?

4.4 Knfhz btnfhzgf

braghL 3

gl. 4.4
Knfhz ABC I tiuJ mij xU gfkhf gl 4.4 (i) csgo
l. C vw nfhz ACD VgLtij fhzyh.
+ BCA vgJ + ACD mLJs nfhz MF. Knfhz
kw uL nfhzf + A kW + B I Knfhz uL vgf
cnfhzf vd Twyh.
bghGJ + A kW + B - I bto (myJ ef tiuJ) gl 4.4 (ii)-
fhosgo mLjLJ itf.
f mj uL JLfS nrJ + ACD KGtJ bghUJtij
ftfyh.
UJ Knfhz btnfhz mj vgf uL
cnfhzf TLjYF rk vgij mayh.

Knfhz btnfhzF mj uL cnfhzfSF

ilna cs bjhl Knfhz btnfhz g MF.

ABC vw Knfhz tiuJ gl 4.4 (i) csgo gff

xwhd BC I l. C vw + ACD clhwJ.
bghGJ nfhzkhia vLJ + ACD, + A kW + B
msf. + A + + B I fLoJ + ACB I msJ mjDl
xLghf f + ACD = + A + B vgij mfsh?
vLJfhL 4.1
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.

:
+ CAB + + ABC ++ BCA = 180 (Vbd Knfhz
_W nfhzf TLj 180)

40 + x + x = 180

40 + 2x = 180

2x = 180 40

2x = 140
75

maha

4
x = 140 = 70

x- k = 70.

vLJfhL 4.2
Knfhz uL nfhzf 40 kW 60
v _whtJ nfhzij fhf.

+ RPQ + + PQR ++ QRP =

x + 40 + 60 =

x + 100 =

x =
=
` _whtJ nfhz x =

180
( Vbd Knfhz _W
180
nfhzf TLj 180)
180
180 100
80
80

vLJfhL 4.3
bfhLfgl glUJ + A msit fhf.

+ CAB + + ABC + + BCA = 180 (Knfhz _W
2x + 120 + x = 180 nfhzf TLj 180)

3x + 120 = 180

3x = 180 120

3x = 60

x = 60
3
= 20

` + A = 2x = 2 20 = 40

vLJfhL 4.4
bfhLJs glUJ x- kig fhf.

:
gl btnfhz = + ABD = 110.
uL vgf cnfhzf TLj = + BCA + + CAB

= x + 50

x + 50 = 110 (Vbd uL vgf cnfhzf
TLj btnfhzF rk)

x = 110 50
= 60

` x k 60.
76

toa

vLJfhL 4.5
bfhLJs glUJ x, y kfisfhf

:
bfhLJs gl,

+ DCA = 130 (btnfhz)

50 + x = 130 (Vbd xU Knfhz

btnfhz mj vgf uL
cnfhzf TLjYF rk.)

x = 130 50 = 80
D ABC

+ A + + B + + C = 180 (Vbd Knfhz _W

nfhzf TLj 180)

50 + x + y = 180

50 + 80 + y = 180

130 + y = 180

y = 180 130 = 50

` x - k = 80,

y- k = 50.

kbwhU t:

+ ACB + + DCA = 180 (Vbd xU nfho J clhF

y + 130 = 180 mLJs gff TLj 180)

y = 180 130

= 50
D ABC

+ A + + B + + C = 180 (Vbd Knfhz _W

50 + x + y = 180 nfhzf TLj 180)

50 + x + 50 = 180

100 + x = 180

x = 180 100 = 80
vLJfhL 4.6
Knfhz _W nfhzf 3x + 5, x + 20, x + 25 v xbthU
nfhz msit fhf.

77

maha

Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj = 180

3x + 5 + x + 20 + x + 25 = 180

5x + 50 = 180

5x = 180 50

5x = 130

x = 130

= 26

3x + 5 = (3 26) + 5 = 78 + 5 = 83

x + 20 = 26 + 20 = 46

x + 25 = 26 + 25 = 51

` Knfhz _W nfhzf msf 83, 46 kW 51.

g 4.1

1. rahd ilia njbjLf.

i) xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj
(A) 90
(B) 180
(C) 270

(D) 360

ii) xU Knfhz _W nfhzf rk v xbthU nfhz

ms
0
0
0
0
(A) 30
(B) 45
(C) 60
(D) 90

iii) fltW vJ Knfhz nfhzfshf Uf Ko.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(A) 50 , 30 , 105 (B) 36 , 44 , 90 (C) 70 , 30 , 80 (D) 45 , 45 80

iv) Knfhz uL nfhzf 40 kW 60 v _whtJ nfhz.

0
0
0
0
(A) 20
(B) 40
(C) 60
(D) 80

v) T ABC BC I D tiu l + ABC = 50 , + ACD = 105c v+ BAC

ms

(A) 75
(C) 40

(B) 15
(D) 55

2. tUtdtW vit Knfhzf vW TWf.

0

(i) + A = 25 + B = 35
0
0
(ii) + P = 90 + Q = 30
0
0
(iii) + X = 40 + Y = 70

+ C = 120
0
+ R = 50
0
+ Z = 80

3. Knfhz uL nfhzf bfhLfgLsd. _whtJ

nfhzij fhf.
0

(i) 75 , 45 (ii) 80 , 30 (iii) 40 , 90 (iv) 45 , 85

78

toa

4. tU glfUJ x kig fhf:

5. tU glfUJ x kW y kfis fhf:

6. Knfhz _W nfhzf x + 5, x + 10 kW x + 15 v x I
fhf.

id bfhf!

1. xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj 180 MF.

2. xU Knfhz btnfhz mj vgf uL cnfhzf

TLjYF rk.
79

maha

brKiw toa
5.1 Knfhzf mikj
gff kW nfhzf mogil mikj Knfhzf gy
tifghLfis eh Kija tF mJnsh. bghGJ Knfhzf
tiffis mt y gfis id Tnth.

Knfhzf tiff
nfhzf mogil
gff mogil

Knfhzf tiff
t.v

Knfhz
bga

rkgf Knfhz

Urkgf
Knfhz

gl

_W gffS
rk.

VjhtJ uL
gff rk.

mrkgf
Knfhz

FWnfhz
Knfhz

_W nfhzfS
FWnfhzf.
(90 F Fiw).

nfhz
Knfhz

VnjD xU nfhz
nfhz. (90 I
l mf ).

brnfhz
Knfhz

gff rkiy.

VnjD xU nfhz
brnfhz. (90).

80

brKiw toa

Knfhz y gf :

1. xU Knfhz vj uL gff TLjY

_whtJ gfijl mfkhf UF.

2. xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj 180.

Knfhz tiutjF njitgL _W msf FiwjJ
xU gf msthtJ foghf bfhLfgl ntL. bfhLfgl
msfis bfhL fl tiff Knfhzfis mikngh.

(i) _W gff (SSS).

(ii) uL gffS mtiw csla nfhzK (SAS).

(iii) uL nfhzfS mtiw csla gfK (ASA).

(i) _W gff bfhLfgoUF nghJ Knfhz mikj :

cj gl

(SSS ak)

vLJfhL 5.1
bfhLfgl AB = 4 br., BC = 6 br. kW AC = 5 br. msfis
bfhl Knfhz ABC I mikf.
r.

bfhLfgl msf

AB = 4 br.

BC = 6 br.

AC = 5 br..

B
.

6 br.

br.

tiujYfhd gof

go 1 :

r.

br

br

5b

4b

BC = 6 br. mss nfhLJL tiuf.

go 2 : B

I ikakhf bfhL 4 br. MuKs tliy BC

nfhoF nkw tiuf.

go 3 :

C I ikakhf itJ 5 br. MuKs tl Kija tl

iy A btLkhW tiuf.

go 4 :

A,B ia izf kW A,C ia izf.

ABC njitahd Knfhz MF.

81

maha

ghifkhia gagL Knfhz vyh

nfhzfis msJ, mt TLjiy fhf.

2b
r.

xU khzt PQ = 2 br., QR = 6 br. kW

PR = 3 br. vw bfhLfgl msfis bfhL
xU Knfhz tiua Kajh. (cjgl
cj gl
csthW) mt Kj QR = 6 br. nfhLJil
P
tiujh. wF Q I ikakhf itJ 2 br. MuKs
3
br
tliy, R I ikakhf itJ 3 br. MuKs
.
tliy tiujh. mitf P ia
bgWtjfhf xiwbahW btobfhsiy.
6 br.
Q
(1 ) fhuz vd?
(2) j rhghd Knfhz g ahJ?

br

br

6 br.

xU Knfhz vj U gff TLj _whtJ gfijl

vbghGJ mfkhf UF.
xU Knfhz _W nfhzfSF nfhz U
rk btof tiuf. mit midJ xnu tahf
brY vgij rghf. ctl ika vd
miHfgLwJ.

(ii) uL gffS mtiw csla nfhzK bfhLfgoUF

nghJ Knfhz mikj (SAS ak) :

vLJfhL 5.2

bfhLfgl msf PQ = 4 br., QR = 6.5 br. kW + PQR = 60

cs Knfhz PQR I mikf.

r.

bfhLfgl msf
PQ
= 4 br.
QR
= 6.5 br.

4b

cj gl

60

+ PQR = 60

82

6.5 br.

br
.

brKiw toa

br.

tiujYfhd gof :

go 1 : QR = 6.5 br. mss nfhLJL tiuf.

go 2 : Q vw QR cl 600 nfhzij clhF QX vw
nenfhL tiuf.

go 3 : Q

I ikakhf bfhL , 4 br. MuKs tl QX I P

btLkhW tiuf.

go 4 : P, R tiw nrf.
PQR njitahd Knfhz MF.
XY = 6 br., YZ = 6 br. + XYZ = 70 msf cs
Knfhz tiuf. Knfhz rkkhd gffSF
vnus nfhzfis msJ gh. mtJ vd?

(iii) uL nfhzfS mtiw csla xU gfK

bfhLfgoUF nghJ Knfhz mikj. (ASA ak)
vLJfhL 5.3
XY = 6 br. + ZXY = 30 kW + XYZ = 100 msf cs Knfhz
XYZ tiuf. _whtJ nfhz ms 50 csjh? vd nrhf.
cj gl

bfhLfgl msf

XY = 6 br.

+ ZXY = 30

+ XYZ = 100

30

83

6 br.

100

maha

tiujYfhd gof :

go 1 : XY

mss

nfhLJL tiuf.

go 2 : X

go 3 : Y XY

6br.

vw XY cl 30
nfhzij VgLJ XP vw
xU f tiuf.

cl 100 nfhzij
clhF kbwhU f YQ I
tiuf. XP kW YQ ff Z
btLwd.

br.

go 4 : XYZ njitahd Knfhz MF.

_whtJ nfhz ms 50 MF. (mjhtJ + Z = 50).

PQ = 7 br. + Q = 70 kW + R = 40 vw msf cs
Knfhz PQR tiuf.
F : Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj 180 vw gig
gagLJf.

g 5.1

I. nH bfhLfgl msfis bfhl Knfhzfis tiuf.

1. bfhLfgl msf PQ = 6 br. , QR = 7 br. , PR = 5 br. cs3 PQR tiuf.

2. 7 br. gf cs rkgf Knfhz tiuf. ghifkhia gagL

Knfhz xbthU nfhzij msf. mit rkkhditah?

3. DE = 4.5 br. , EF = 5.5 br. kW DF = 4.5 br. mss Knfhz DEF

tiuf. J vtif Knfhz vd ma Kowjh? j bgaiu vGJf.

II. nH bfhLfgl msfis bfhl Knfhzfis tiuf.

4. bfhLfgl msf YZ = 7 br., ZX = 5 br. kW + Z = 50cs

3 XYZtiu.

5. bfhLfgl msf PQ = 6 br., PR =9 br. kW + P = 100 cs

3 PQR tiuf.

6. bfhLfgl msf AB = 6 br., BC = 8 br. kW + B = 90 cs

3 ABC tiuf. AC sij msf.

III. nH bfhLfgl msfis bfhl Knfhzfis tiuf.

7. + X = 50 , + Y = 70 kW XY = 5 br. msf cs 3 XYZ tiuf.
8. + A = 120, + B = 30 kW AB = 7 br. msf cs 3 ABC tiuf
9. bfhLfgl msf + L = 40, + M = 40 kW LM = 6 br. cs
3 LMN tiuf. + L kW + M Ma nfhzfSF vnus gff
sid msJ vGJf. mit rkkhditah?
84

tufis ifahSj

tufis ifahSj
6.1 bjhFfglhj tufSF ruhr, iliyas, KfL

TLruhr

ruhr vw brhiy ehnjhW th eh gagLJnwh.

xbthU ehS ruhrahf 5 kneu j gofhf bryLwh.

nk khj brid ruhrahf 40 o bra btg UwJ.

nkTa bjhl ekF vij ygLJwd?

xbthU ehS ruhrahf 5 kneu gowh. y ehf
Fiwj neuK kw ehf l neuK gowh.

brid ruhrahf 40 o bra btg vgJ nk khj
brid btgiy y neuf 40 o bra[&F Fiwthfnth kw
neuf 40 o bra[&F TLjyhfnth UjJ vgij FwJ.

ruhr vgJ bfhLJs tuf ca kF Fiwj kF
ilgl kghF.

nuh vgt gntW ghlf fl kbgfis vLJsh.
62, 84, 92, 98, 74.

mtDila ruhr kbgiz fL of
eh Kj gntW ghlf kbgfis Tl.

62 + 84 + 92 + 98 + 74 = 410.
wF mij bkhj ghlf vifah tFf. (mjhtJ 5M)
nuh bgw ruhr kbg = 410 = 82.
5

j k mtDila go mt vLj bt bghJ iyia
bjJ bfhs cjwJ.

mjhtJ ruhr myJ TLruhr vgJ nH tiuaWfgLsJ.
kf TLbjhif

ruhr = kf vif

vLJfhL 6.1

fha 3 ehf Kiwna 4 kneu 5 kneu kW 3 kneu
gowh. mt ruhrahf vjid kneu dK gowh.

:
go ruhrneu =

goj neu TLj

goj ehf vif
= 4 + 5 + 3 k
3
85

maha

= 12 = 4 kneu (xU ehisF).

3

UJ fha ruhrahf xU ehisF 4 kneu goUwh
vW brhyyh.

vLJfhL 6.2

MW FLgf khjtUth Kiwna ` 3500, ` 2700, ` 3000, ` 2800,

` 3900 kW ` 2100 v tUth ruhria fhf.

:
MW FLgf bkhj tUth
FLgf vif
= ` 3500 + 2700 + 3000 + 2800 + 3900 + 2100
6
18000
= `
6

khjtUth ruhr =

= ` 3,000.
vLJfhL 6.3
5 ngdhf ruhriy ` 75. 5 ngdhf bkhjiy vd?
:

5 ngdhf bkhjiy
ngdhf vif
5 ngdhf bkhjiy = ruhr # ngdhf vif
ruhr =

= ` 75 # 5
= ` 375

iliy
11 khztfis bfhl FG cauf nH bfhLfgLsd.

106, 110, 123, 125, 115, 120, 112, 115, 110, 120, 115.

clg Ma U bfsj khztfis U FGfshf f Uwh.

U FGfY khztf vif rkkhf Uf ntL. mthW
F nghJ xU FG cs khztf cauf xU Fl cauij l
TLjyhf (mf) mLj FG cs khztf cauf mFl
cauij l Fiwthf Uf ntL.

bghGJ U bfsj, khztfis mtf cauf thahf (Fiwj
cauUJ TLjyhd cau tiu) fitwh.

106, 110, 110, 112, 115, 115,115, 120, 120, 123, 125
bfhLJs tuf iliy k 115. Vbd j k (cau)

5 khztfis bfhl U (rk) FGfshf wJ. j kig iliy

ms vdTwyh. U bfsj eL cs khztid isahLF eLiyahf
itf khwh.
86

tufis ifahSj

tufis VWtir myJ wFtir tirgLJbghGJ
ilF ika k iliy MF.
bfhLJs tuf iliyia fhf.

40, 50, 30, 60, 80, 70

bfhLJs tuf VWtir : 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80.

bfhLfgl vif 6 vgJ uilgil v Mfnt _whtJ
kW ehfhtJ cW iliy cWghF. j uL cWf ruhr
iliy MF.
(mjhtJ) iliy = 50 + 60 = 110 = 55.
2
2

(i) bfhLfgl tuf vif
xiwgilahf Ujh eL cs
tu iliy MF.
cDila gF,

(ii) bfhLfgl tuf vif

uilgilahf Ujh uL eL
tuf TLruhrna iliy
MF.

oF ilna cs
uij
fzL
iliyia fhf.

vLJfhL 6.4
fl tufSF iliyia fhf.

3, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7, 2.

tufis VWtir vGJf.

2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

bfhLfgl tuf vif 7. J xiwgil Mfnt 4 vgJ

iliy ms MF.

vLJfhL 6.5
12, 14, 25, 23, 18, 17, 24, 20 vw tuf
iliyia fhf.

bfhLj tufis VWtir vGJf.

12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25.

bfhLfgl tuf vif 8.

J uilgil v MF.
beLrhiy cs kr
nfhL il iyahF.

Mfnt iliy vgJ U eL tuf
18 kW 20 TLruhr MF.

iliy = 18 + 20 = 38 = 19
2
2
87

maha

vLJfhL 6.6
Kj 5 gfhvf iliyia fhf.

:
Kj 5 gfhvf 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
bfhLfgl tuf bkhj vif 5. J xiwgil v
MF. vdnt _whtJ v iliy MF.

mjhtJ 5 vgJ iliy MF.

KfL

fl vLJfhil ftf

Maj Milaf cikahs U. uhft vgt. j fil
40 br.. mss rilfns mf ms gidahtjhf TWwh.
F fil cikahs ghit btntW msf cs

gidahF rilf vif mikJsJ. mt TWgo
40 br.. mss rilfns bgUks gidahwJ. gntW msf
bgUks gidahF rilf msthd 40 br.. ms vgJ gy
msf KfL vdgL.

bfhLfgLs tuf mf vif fhzgL tu
mt KfL vdgL.

mf tuf KfL

tuf ms mfkhF nghJ mtiw vGJtJ vQtJ
vajy. jifa jUzf eh tufis mltizgLj ntL

vLJfhL 6.7
xU fh gJ ngho Kj fl nghof bt f
tUkhW.

1, 3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 5, 2, 2, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3,
1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2. tF KfL fhf.
:
bt f
vif
1
2
3
4
5
6

nenfhL
Ff
|||| ||||
|||| |||| ||||
|||| ||
||||
|||
||
bkhj
mltiz 6.1
88

Mlf
vif
9
14
7
5
3
2
40

tufis ifahSj

bghGJ eh iuthf 2 vgJ KfL vdyh. Vbd 2 vgJ
mf vif tJsJ. Fahd Mlf bt f
bgwgLsd.

vLJfhL 6.8

nH bfhLfgl tuF Kfil fhf.

3, 3, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7

3 vgJ gy Kiw tJsJ. vdnt tu KfL 3 MF.

vLJfhL 6.9

tU tufSF KfL fhf.

2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5,5, 5, 6,6, 8
cfSila
l
thfdf
Kfil fhf.

:
kW 5 jyh _W Kiw
tJsd. Mfnt tufSF 2 kW 5
Ma uLnk KfLfshF

vLJfhL 6.10

tU tufSF KfL fhf.

90, 40, 68, 94, 50, 60.

:

F vj vQ mf vif
tuiy. Mfnt j tuF KfL ilahJ.

vLJfhL 6.11
20 FLgf cs FHijf vif
1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3

1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1. KfL fhf.

f
Kfil fhf.

:
FHijf
vif
1
2
3

neFpL
nfhL
|||| |||| ||
||||
|||
bkhj

FLgf
vif
12
5
3
20

mltiz 6.27

12 FLgf 1 FHijna csJ. Mfnt KfL 1.

89

maha

6
g 6.1

1. rahd ilia njbjLf

i) 1, 3, 5, 7 kW 9 TLruhr
(A) 5

(B) 7
(B) 200

iii) 30,50, 40, 10, 20 iliy

(A) 40
(B) 20
iv) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 iliy

(A) 6
(B) 8
v) 3, 4, 7, 4, 3, 2, 4 KfL
(A) 3

(D) 9

ii) 5 khztf ruhr kbg 40 v mtf bkhj kbg

(A) 20

(C) 3

(B) 4

(C) 8

(D) 4

(C) 30

(D) 10

(C) 7

(D) 14

(C) 7

(D) 2

2. gJ khztf fj kbgf

56, 48, 58, 60, 54, 76, 84, 92, 82, 98. v,
R kW TLruhria fhf.

3. 5 egf vil

72 ., 48 ., 51 ., 69 ., 67 . v mtf ruhr vilia

fhf.

4. uL ghuf 30 l kW 50 l gh jjahf csJ.

uL ghufY ghiy rkkhf glh uL ghuf
bfhss vd?

5. xU Fl thu efu mfgr btgiy 34.8C, 38.5C,

33.4C, 34.7C, 35.8C, 32.8C, 34.3C Mf UjJ. mj thu ruhr
btgiyia fhf.

6. xU bf FG 10 khztf ruhr vil 65.5 .. mj

gJ khztf bkhj vil vd?

7. tU tuf iliyia fhf.

6, 14, 5, 13, 11, 7, 8

8. 7 rhny fof vil(uh) tUkhW

131, 132, 125, 127, 130, 129, 133 t iliyasit fhf.

9. xU kilahs 5 isahLf 60, 100, 78, 54, 49 vW vLj

XlfSfhd iliyasit fhf.

10. Kj VG a vf iliyasit fhf.

90

tufis ifahSj

11. VG khztf d bryfhf tha gz nH bfhLfgLsJ.

` 42, ` 22, ` 40, ` 28, ` 23, ` 26, ` 43. t iliyasit fhf.
12. tU tuF KfL fhf: 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 3, 8, 4.
13. xU gizUJ nrffgl 12 Kilf tU vilfis
bfhLsd.

32 ,40 , 27 , 32 , 38 , 45 ,

40 , 32 , 39 , 40 , 30 , 31 ,
tu Kfil fhf.
14. tU tuF KfL fhf: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
15. tU tuF KfL fhf.

12, 14, 12, 16, 15, 13, 14, 18, 19, 12, 14, 15, 16, 15, 16, 16,

15, 17, 13, 16, 16, 15, 13, 15, 17, 15, 14, 15, 13, 15, 14.

id bfhf!
1.

ruhr vgJ bfhLJs tuf mf kF Fiwj

kF ilgl kghF.

2. ruhr =

kf TLbjhif

kf vif

3. tufis VWtir myJ wF tir tirgLJ bghGJ

ilF ika kig iliy vnwh.
4. bfhLfgLs tuf mf vif fhzgL tu
mt KfL vdgL.

91

ilf

ilf
maha 1
g 1.1
1. (i) B

(ii) A

(iii) D

(iv) C

2. (i) x + 2y

(ii) y z

(iii) xy + 4

(v) A

(iv) 3x 4y (v 3x > 4y) myJ 4y 3x (v 4y > 3x)

(v) 10 + x + y

(vi) pq 5

(viii) ab (a + b)

(ix) 3cd + 6

(vii) 12 mn
4xy
(x)
3

g 1.2
1. (i) B

(ii) A

(iii) C

(iv) C

(v) D

2. (i) x = 12

(ii) a = 7

(iii) y = 6

(iv) b = 2

(v) x = 5

(vi) x = 7

(vii) x = 5

(viii) n = 4

(ix) m = 11

(x) y = 27

3. (i) x = 50

(ii) l = 14

(iii) x = 4

(iv) a = 3

(v) x = 9

(ix) x = - 1
2

(x) x = 6

(vi) t = 4

(vii) x = 6

(viii) m = 3

4. (i) x = 14

(ii) a = 30

(iii) n = 24 (iv) p = 56

(v) x = 10

(ii) x = 15

(iii) z = 5

(iv) a = 9

(v) x = 3

(vi) m = 12
5. (i) x = 3
(vi) x = 5

(vii) y = 67

(viii) x = 6

(ix) y = 3

(x) m = 6

(xi) x = 11

(xii) m = 1
2

(xiii) x = 3

(xiv) x = 3

(xv) t = 1

6. 15

7. 13

11. 37

12. 60

8. 108

9. 12

10. 8

13. 35

maha - 2
g 2.1
1. (i) 20%

(iii) 11%

(iv) 1%

(v) 100%

2. (i) 43 : 100 (ii) 75 : 100

(iii) 5 : 100

(iv) 35:200

(v) 100 : 300

3. (i) 25

(ii) 25

(iii) 33

(iv) 70

(v) 82

1. (i) 625%

(ii) 0.03%

(iii) 25%

(iv) 33 1

(v) 50

2. (i) 100%

(ii) 18%

(iii) 5.25%

(iv) 66.67%

(v) 45.45%

3. (i) 36%

(ii) 3%

(iii) 7.1%

(iv) 305%

(v) 75%

100

(ii) 93%

200

100

100

100

g 2.2

4. 2 0%

5. 13.89%

6. khzf 46%; khztf 54

7. mt ma mf kbg bgwh. 8 . nr 10%; bry 90%
92

ilf
g 2.3
1. (i) 3

(ii) 1

10
2. (i) 9
100

200
(ii) 3
4

3. (i) 0.07

(ii) 0.64

4. (i) 18

(ii) ` 24

(iv) ` 30

(v) ` 7.50

(iv) 1

(v) 2

(iii) 3.75

(iv) 0.0003

(v) 0.005

(iii) 36

(iv) 108

(v) 3.75 .

(iii) 0.25
1
400

(iii)

5. ` 6250

6. 9 nghof

8. ` 38250

9. 3975 gofhjtf

40

7. 12,800Mf; 11,200 F
Hijf

g 2.4
1. (i) 50

(iii) yhg ` 35

(ii) 15

(iv) mlf iy (v) 10

2. yhg = ` 24, el = ` 21;

yhg = ` 35.45,

el = ` 3362,

3. (i) ` 530

(ii) ` 620

(iv) ` 336.75

4. 10%

el = ` 7.50
(iii) ` 1027.50

(v) ` 943.50

5. 12%

6. 60%

7. 15%

g 2.5
1. (i) ` 200

(ii) ` 500

(iv) 4 ML

(v) ` 15,000

2. ` 2,500; ` 7,500
5. ` 2,630

3. ` 450; ` 1,650

6. ` 216; ` 12,216

9. 2 MLf 10. 10%

12. ` 5,400

7. 5%

(iii) ML

4. ` 2,250
8. ` 1,000

11. 8 MLf

13. ` 5,000; 10% 14. S.I. = 2025; ` 5,625 15. ` 4,000

maha - 3
g 3.1
1. (i) B

(ii) A

(iii) D

2. (i) 50 br. 2

(ii) 66 br. 2

(iii) 80.5 br. 2

3. 12 br.

4. 875 2

(iv) D

5. 19.2 br.

g 3.2
1. (i) B

(ii) C

(iii) A

(iv) B

2. (i) d = 70 br. , c = 220 br.

(v) D

(ii) r = 28 br. , c = 176 br.

(iii) r = 4.9 br. , d = 9.8 br.

93

ilf
3. (i) 110 br.

(ii) 264 br.

(iii) 374 br.

(iv) 462 br.

4. (i) 79.2 br.

(ii) 396 br.

(iii) 8.8

(iv) 26.4

5. (i) 17.5 br.

(ii) 21 br.

(iii) 0.7

(iv) 1.75

7. ` 1232

6. 660

8. 1.05 9. 37

10. ` 4,752

g 3.3
1. (i) 38.5 br. 2

(ii) 86.625 br. 2

(iii) 18.865 2

(iv) 31. 185 2

2. (i) 4.525 br. 2

(ii) 616 br. 2

(iii) 55.44 2

(iv) 98.56 2

3. ` 1848

4. 154 2

5. tl

6. 38.5 2

7. 1936 br. 2

8. r = 35, ` 2200

9. 440 m

10. 63.36 Second

g 3.4
1. 636 2
4. 375 br. 2

11. 10

2. ` 1152
5. 40 2, 30 2

g 3.5
1. 6594 2 2. 536.94 2
5. ` 4494 6. 2310 cm2

3. ` 1590
6. 3256 br. 2

3. ` 24,062.50
7. 6 m

4. 35.325 2
8. 2002 m2

maha - 4
g 4.1
1. (i) B

(ii) C

(iii) C

(iv) D

(v) D

2. (i) + A = 25, + B = 35, + C = 120

3. (i) 60

(ii) 70

(iii) 50

(iv) 50

4. (i) 70

(ii) 60

(iii) 40

(iv) 30

(v) 65, 65

(vi) 60, 60, 60

5. (i) y = 60, x = 70

(ii) y = 80, x = 50

(iii) y = 70, x = 110

(iv) x = 60, y = 90
6. x = 50.

(v) y = 90, x = 45

(vi) x = 60, y = 50

maha - 6
g 6.1
1. (i) A

(ii) B

(iii) C

(iv) C

(v) B

2. R 50; TL ruhr. = 70.8

3. 61.4 ..

4. 40 l

5. 34.9C

6. 655.0 .

7. 8

8. 130 uh

9. 60
12. 3

10. 4

11. ` 28

13. 32 uh 40 uh

14. KfL iy 15. 15

94

ilf

95
95