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bkbaf bjhF
mikahJ yF vf
mikahJ fj cyF.
1.1 mKf
vf
e mwhl th J mnua v Kiwia gagLJnwh. j
Kiw vGJtjF gogjF gagLjgL vf gjokhd vf
myJ jrk vf vW miHfgLwJ. Kiw 0 Kj 9 tius
FpLfis eh gagLJnwh.
1.2 ghit
Mwh tF a vf, KGvf, KGf, df kW
jrkf g mt J mogil braghLfshd Tl, fjfis
fwnjh. mtiw nf RUfkhf id Tnth.
a vf
1 I bjhlf vzhf bfhl vylfhj, vQ vfSF
a vf vW bga. midJ a vf fzij N vw My
vGjh Ffyh.
KG vf
aJl a vfis nrf ilgJ KG vfshF. KG vf
aij Kj vzhf bfhL vylfhj vfshf Uwd.
midJ KG vf fzij W vw My vGjh Ffyh.
bkbaf bjhF
KGf
KG vf kW Fiw vf nrj
bjhF KGf vW miHfgLwJ. midJ
KGf
fz Z vw My vGjh
FfgLwJ.
f
bga
fj
nkijahd uhkhD#
jeho, <nuho
wjt.
fzkhF (myJ)
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
10 + ^- 4h = 10 - 4 = 6
8 + 4 = 12
6+0 = 6
6 + 5 = 11
4+0=4
(ii) KGf fj
xU KGUJ kbwhU KGit ff ulhtJ KG Tl
vkiwia Kj vQl TlntL.
vLJfhlhf,
i)
ii)
iii)
5 3 = 5 + 3 Tl vkiw = 5 + ( 3) = 2.
6 ( 2) = 6 +( 2) Tl vkiw = 6 + 2 = 8.
( 8) (5) = ( 8) + ( 5) = 13.
iv)
( 20) ( 6) = 20 + 6 = 14.
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1
1) 0 ( 10) =
2) 9 ( 7) =
3) 5 ( 10) =
4) 11 6
=
vLJfhlhf:
5 # 8 = 40
i)
ii)
iii)
^- 15h # 3 =-^15 # 3h =- 45
iv)
12 # ^- 4h =-^12 # 4h =- 48
^- 5h # ^- 9h = 45
braghL
jiu J xU nenfhil tiuf. eLia {a vdFf.
{a nk f. bghGJ nfho J tygfkhf xU moefJ
mj lij + 1 vdFf. mUJ L mnj ir xU mo
efJ mj lij + 2 vd Ff. bjhlahf njngh mnj ir
efJ xbthU moia (+ 3, + 4, + 5, ...) vdFJbfhs. bghGJ
L nfho J {aiyF Uf. {aUJ lgf
ghjthW f. lgf xU mo efJ mj lij 1 vdFf.
bjhlahf mnj ir xbthU mo efJ mj lij 2, 3, 4...
vd Ff. bghGJ vnfhL jah. fhQ isahil v
nfhil bfhL isahlyh.
i)
ii)
braghL
6
5
3
4
24
15
8
40
21
vLJfhL 1.1
bkbaf bjhF
vLJfhL 1.2
v mik Kiw
KGf bgUf
( 14) I 9 M bgUFf.
:
( 14) 9 = (14 9) = 126
vLJfhL 1.3
k fhf 15 18
:
15 18 = 270
vLJfhL 1.4
(bgUF viz xbthwhf
Fiwf)
(2) (0) = 0
(2) (1) = 2
(2) (2) = 4
xU bjhiyfh bgo
iy `5200. 25 bjhiyfh
bgof iy vd?
xU Fiw KGit, kbwhU Fiw
KGth bgUFj :
v.fh. (-2) (-2) = 4 vgij v mik
_y sFj.
braKiw :
(+2) (+1) = 2 (bgUfgL viz
xbthwhf Fiwf)
(+1) (+1) = 1
(0) (+1) = 0
(1) (+1) = 1
(2) (+1) = 2
:
x
U bjhiyfh bgo iy
` 25 bjhiyfh bgof iy
g 1.1
= `5200
= `5200 25
= `130000
1. rahd ilia njbjLf:
i) {aij kw vj xU KG cl bgUf ilgJ
(A) ifKG (B) FiwKG
ii) 152 k
(C) 1
(D) 0
(A) 225
(B) 225
iii) 15 ( 9) 0 k
(C) 325
(D) 425
(A) 15
(B) 9
(C) 0
iv) U Fiw KGf bgUfgy xU
(A) FiwKG (B) ifKG
(C) a v
2.
(D) 7
(D) KG v
3. k fhf:
i) 3 # ^- 2h
iv) ^- 316h # 1
ii) ^- 1h # 25
v) ( 16) 0 ( 18)
5
maha
1
viii) 5 # 5
vii) ^- 5h # ^- 5h
ix) ^- 3h # ^- 7h # ^- 2h # ^- 1h
x) ^- 1h # ^- 2h # ^- 3h # 4
xi) 7 # ^- 5h # ^9h # ^- 6h
xii) 7 # 9 # 6 # ^- 5h
xiv) 16 ( 8) ( 2)
xiii) 10 16 ( 9)
4.
bgUFf :
^- 9h kW 15
i)
ii)
iii)
13 kW 14
iv)
^- 25h kW 32
v)
^- 1h kW ^- 1h
vi)
^- 100h kW 0
^- 4h kW ^- 4h
6. x U d h j h 2 0 d h f c s d . x b t h U d h F
5 kbgf v xU khzt 15 dhfSF rahd ilajh
mtDila kbgiz fLo?
ifKG
= if v
ifKG
FiwKG
= if v
FiwKG
ifKG
= Fiw v
FiwKG
FiwKG
= Fiw v
ifKG
a) 0 =
10
c) - 3 =
-3
b) 9 =
-3
10
d) -2 =
bkbaf bjhF
{ajh tFj
vLJfhL 1.5
250 I 50 M tFf
:
250 I 50 M tFj 250 = 5.
50
vLJfhL 1.6
( 144) I 12 M tFf.
:
( 144) I 12 M tFj (- 144) = 12.
12
vLJfhL 1.7
k fh
15 # ^- 30h # ^- 60h
.
2 # 10
15 # ^- 30h # ^- 60h
= 27000 = 1350.
2 # 10
20
vLJfhL 1.8
xU ngUJ 5 k neu 200 bjhiyit flwJ. 1 k neu
flF bjhiy vd?
:
5 k neu flF bjhiy
= 200 .
= 200 = 40
g 1.2
(A) Tl (B) fj
ii) 369 ________ = 369.
(C) tFj
(D) bgUf
(A) 1
(B) 2
iii) 206 _______ = 1.
(C) 369
(D) 769
(A) 1
(B) 206
iv) 75 _________ = 1.
(C) 206
(D) 7
(C) 75
(D) 10
(A) 75
(B) 1
7
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2. kfhf
i)
iii )
v)
vii)
ix)
^- 30h ' 6
ii) 50 ' 5
^- 36h ' ^- 9h
12 '6^- 3h + 1 @
3. kfhf
i)
^- 1h # ^- 5h # ^- 4h # ^- 6h
2#3
40 # ^- 20h # ^- 12h
ii) 8 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 10 iii)
4#5#6#2
4 # ^- 6h
KGf Tl gf
(i) mil g
fl vLJfhLfis ftf:
1. 19 + 23 = 42
2. - 10 + 4 =- 6
3. 18 + (- 47) =- 29
(ii) gkhW g
bkbaf bjhF
(iii) nr g
fl vLJfhil ftf:
fhgit
rkkhditah?
5 + [( 4) + 7] = 5 + 3 = 8 kW i) 7 + ^5 + 4h, ^7 + 5h + 4
ii) ^- 5h + 6^- 2h + ^- 4h@,
[5 + ( 4)] + 7 = 1 + 7 = 8
6^- 5h + ^- 2h@ + ^- 4h
Mifah, 5 + [( 4) + 7] = [5 + ( 4)] + 7
bghJthf a, b, c, vw KGfSF a + ^b + ch = ^a + bh + c vd eh
brhy Ko.
Mifah TlyhdJ nr gig iw br.
(iv) Tl rk
vj KGlD {aij TL bghGJ mnj KGit bgwyh.
vLJfhlhf, 5 + 0 = 5.
bghJthf, VnjD xU KG a F, a + 0 = a . Mifah
{akhdJ KGf Tl rkahF.
i) 17 + ___ = 17
ii) 0 + ___ = 20
iii) 53 + ___ = 53
KGf fj gf
(i) mil g
fl vLJfhLfis ftf
i) 5 - 12 =- 7
(ii) gkhWg
7-4 = 3
4 - 7 =- 3 vd fhzy.
9
maha
` 7-4 ! 4-7
bghJthf a kW b vw VnjD U KGfSF
a-b !b-a
Mifah KGf fjyhdJ gkhW ia iw brahJ .
(iii) nr g
7, 4 kW 2 vw KGfis vLJbfhf
7 - (4 - 2) = 7 - 2 = 5
(7 - 4) - 2 = 3 - 2 = 1
` 7 - (4 - 2) ] (7 - 4) - 2
bghJthf, a , b kW c vw VnjD _W KGfSF
a - (b - c) ! (a - b) - c.
Mifah KGf fjyhdJ nr gig iw brahJ.
KGf bgUf gf
(i) mil g
fltiw ft:
10 ( 5) = 50
40 ( 15) = 600
(ii) gkhW g
fltiw ft :
5 ( 6) = 30 kW ( 6) 5 = 30
5 ( 6) = ( 6) 5
ab=ba
fhgit
rkkhditah?
iw br.
10
bkbaf bjhF
5 0 = 0
8 0 = 0
i)
0 0 = _____
ii) 100 0 = _____
iii)
0 x = _____
bghJthf {akyhj vj xU KG a F
a 0 = 0 a = 0
5 # 1 = 5
1 # (- 7) = - 7
i) ( 10) 1 = ___
ii) ( 7) ___ = 7
iii) ___ 9 = 9
bghJthf VnjD xU KG a F
a # 1 = 1 # a = a vd eh bgwyh.
(v) nr g
2, 5, 6 vw KGfis vLJbfhnth.
62 # ^- 5h@ # 6 = - 10 # 6 =- 60
kW 2 # 6^- 5h # 6 @= 2 # ^- 30h = - 60
UJ 62 # ^- 5h@ # 6 = 2 # 6^- 5h # 6 @
Twyh.
(vi) gL g
11
maha
UJ 12 # ^9 + 7h
= ^12 # 9h + ^12 # 7h
bghJthf a, b, c vw VnjD _W
fhgit rkkhditah?
KGfSF a # ^b + ch = ^a # bh + ^a # ch
Mifah KGf bgUfyhdJ 1) 4 # ^5 + 6h kW ^4 # 5h + ^4 # 6h
gL gig iw br.
2) 3 # ^7 - 8h kW^3 # 7h + [3 # (- 8)]
3) 4 # ^- 5h kW ^- 5h # 4
KGf tFj gf
(i) mil g
fl vLJfhLfis ft:
(ii) ^- 3h ' 9 = - 3 = - 1
(iii) 7 ' 4 = 7
(i) 15 ' 5 = 3
9
3
4
nkfl vLJfhLfUJ KGf tFjyhdJ mil
gig iw brahJ.
(ii) gkhW g:
fl vLJfhil ft:
8 4 = 2 kW 4 8 = 1
2
` 84! 48
nkfl vLJfhoUJ KGf tFjyhdJ gkhW ia
iw brahJ .
(iii) nr g
fl vLJfhil ft :
12 ' (6 ' 2) = 12 ' 3 = 4
(12 ' 6) ' 2 = 2 ' 2 = 1
` 12 ' (6 ' 2) ! (12 ' 6) ' 2
nkfl vLJfhoUJ KGf tFjyhdJ nr ia iw
brahJ.
KGf mogil braghil tYgLJj :
gfSnfg, tU mltiz myJ X Lf.
KGf braf/
gf
Tl
fj
bgUf
tFj
mil g
12
gkhW
g
nr
g
bkbaf bjhF
1.4 df
mKf:
vLJfhL: 3 , 1 ,
4
9, 5
10 6
vLJfhL : 5 , 6 , 41 , 51
4
30
25
fy d : xU dkhdJ xU a v kW xU jF d
nrjjhf Ujh md fy d vwiHfgLwJ.
vLJfhL : 2 3 , 1 4 , 5 1
4
5
7
id bfhf : fy d = a v + jF d
thf : { a F 1 F i ln a
vjid vf csd?
vyh KG vfS
1 I gFahf bfhl
d vfshF.
ghit:
df Tl kW fj
vLJfhL (i)
RUFf : 2 + 3
5 5
2 + 3 = 2+3 = 5 = 1
5 5
5
5
13
maha
vLJfhL (ii)
RUFf : 2 + 5 + 7
3 12 24
:
2 + 5 + 7 = 2 # 8 + 5 # 2 + 7 # 1
24
3 12 24
= 16 + 10 + 7
24
= 33 = 1 3
24
vLJfhL (iii)
RUFf : 5 1 + 4 3 + 7 5
4
4
8
:
5 1 + 4 3 + 7 5 = 21 + 19 + 61
4
4
8
4
4
8
= 42 + 38 + 61 = 141
8
= 17 5
8
vLJfhL (iv)
RUFf : 5 - 2
7 7
:
5 - 2 = 5-2 = 3.
7 7
7
7
vLJfhL (v)
RUFf : 2 2 - 3 1 + 6 3
3
6
4
2 2 - 3 1 + 6 3 = 8 - 19 + 27
3
6
4
3
6
4
= 32 - 38 + 81
12
= 75 = 6 1
12
14
bkbaf bjhF
gl. 1.1
gl (1.1) cs glfis ft. Hlgl gFahdJ xU tl
1 gFahF. uL Hlgl gFfS nrJ vts gFia
8
FwJ? 1 + 1 = 2 # 1 = 2 = 1 I FwJ.
8 8
8
8
4
xU jF d myJ jfh dij KG vzh bgUf eh Kj
d bjhFia KG vzh bgUfntL.
gFia mgona
vGjntL.
fLo
i) 2 # 4
5
iii) 4 # 1
5
fLo
ii) 8 # 4
5
iv) 13 # 6
11
15
i) 6 # 7 2
3
2
ii) 3 # 7
9
maha
gl. 1.2
nukh
15
rhnyLf
itUwh.
yh,
nukh
itUj
yh itUF rhnyLf =
vLJfhL: 1.9
kfhf : 2 1 1 gF
4
5
:
1 #21
2 1 1 gF =
4
4
5
5
= 1 # 11 = 11
4 5
20
16
1 # 15 = 5 rhnyLf
3
bkbaf bjhF
vLJfhL 1.10
60 khztf bfhl xU FG 3 gF khztf ma gof
10
Uwhf. 3 gF khztf r_f ma gof Uwhf.
5
(i) ma gof U khztf vjid ng?
10
vdnt, ma gof U khztf vif
= 60 3 gF
(ii) 60 khztf
Uwhf.
10
3
=
# 60 = 18 ng.
10
3 gF khztf r_f ma gof
5
= 60 3 gF
5
3
= # 60 = 36 ng.
5
g 1.3
1. bgUFf :
i) 6 # 4
5
v) 2 # 7
3
4
ix) # 14
7
ii) 3 # 3
7
vi) 5 # 8
2
x) 18 # 4
3
iii) 4 # 4
8
iv) 15 # 2
10
vii) 11 # 7 viii) 5 # 12
6
4
2. k fhf :
i) 28 1 gF
iv) 125 1 gF
vii) 27 3 gF
9
x) 100 1 gF
2
17
maha
i) 5 # 5 1
4
iv) 6 # 10 5
7
ii) 3 # 6 3
5
v) 7 # 7 1
2
iii) 8 # 1 1
5
vi) 9 # 9 1
2
3 1 gF = 1 3 = 3
8
5
5
8
40
vLJfhL 1.12
fLo : 2 3 .
9
2
2 3 = 6 = 1
9
2
18
3
vLJfhL 1.13
yh xU jf 1 gFia 1 k neu gowh.
4
neu mt jf vts gFia gogh?
3 1 k
2
yh xU k neu goF jf gF = 1
4
1
3 k neu mt goF jf ms
2
= 31 # 1
2 4
=7#1
2 4
= 7#1
2#4
=7
8
~ yh 3 1 k neu jf 7 gFia gogh.
8
2
18
fLo
i) 1 7
3
5
2
8
ii) #
3 9
bkbaf bjhF
g1.4
1. fLo :
i) 5 10 gF
5
10
ii) 7 2 gF
8
3
iii) 7 1 gF
4
3
iv) 7 4 gF
9
8
v) 9 4 gF
9
4
vi) 2 1 gF
9
7
ii) 2 # 9
9 10
9
v)
#3
2 3
iii) 3 # 6
8 9
vi) 4 # 12
5
7
2. l to vGJf :
i) 2 # 3 2
9
3
7
9
iv)
#
8 14
3. fl dfis bgUFf :
i) 2 # 5 2
5
3
ii) 6 3 # 7
4 10
iv) 5 3 # 3 1
4
2
v) 7 1 # 8 1
4
4
iii) 7 1 # 1
2
xU d jiy:
0F jiy iy.
vLJfhL 1.14
fLo :
(i) 6 ' 2
5
(ii) 8 ' 7
9
19
maha
:
(i) 6 2 = 6 5 = 15
5
2
7
9
(ii) 8 ' = 8 # = 72
9
7
7
xU KG viz fy djh tFF nghJ fy dijKj
vLJfhL 1.15
63 4
5
fLo:
i) 6 ' 5 2 ii) 9 ' 3 3
:
6 3 4 = 6 19 = 6 5 = 30 = 1 11
5
19
19
19
fLo:
i) 3 ' 4 , ii) 1 ' 4 , iii) 2 3 ' 7
7
= 1 # 7 = 7
5 3
15
g1.5
1. fl df jiyia fLo :
i) 5
ii) 4
iii) 10
iv) 9
7
9
7
4
33
1
1
v)
vi)
vii)
viii) 7
2
9
13
5
2. fLo :
i) 5 25
ii) 6 36
iii) 7 14
iv) 1 1 15
3
9
3
4
3. fLo :
i) 2 ' 1
ii) 5 ' 6
iii) 2 3 ' 3
iv) 3 3 ' 8
5 4
6 7
4 5
2 3
4. xU rhuz UilF njitahd J ms 2 1 l v 47 1
4
4
l J vjid Uilf ijfyh?
5. U lfSF ilna cs bjhiy 47 1 .. xU nt mj
2
bjhiyit flf 1 3 k neu vLJbfhwJ v nt ntf
16
vd?
20
bkbaf bjhF
kW q
p
KGf v q xU jKW v vd
tiuaWfgLwJ.
nf p vgJ bjhF kW q vgJ gF.
7 , - 5 , 2 , 11 , - 3 vgd jKW vf.
3 7 9 - 7 11
vLJfhL 1.16
72 l totF khWf
54
khWKiw: 72 = 72 ' 18 = 4
54
54 ' 18
3
72 = 72 ' 2
54
54 ' 2
= 36 = 36 ' 3
27
27 ' 3
= 12 = 12 ' 3
9
9'3
=4
3
j vLJfho 72 kW 54 t bgU bghJfhu 18 Mf UwJ.
vLJfhL 1.17
(i)
18 (ii)
- 12
-4
- 16
l to vGJf :
i) - 18 , ii) - 12 , iii) 7
51
(i) 18 kW 12 . bgh.t. 6
28
35
maha
1
18 = 18 ' ^- 6h = - 3
2
- 12
- 12 ' ^- 6h
(ii) 4 kW 16 .bgh.t 4.
vdnt, mjDila l totij bgw 4 M tFf ntL.
- 4 = - 4 ' ^- 4h = 1
4
- 16
- 16 ' ^- 4h
gl. 1.3
4
if KGfis vnfho FjJ nghy if jKW vfis
{aF tywkh, Fiw jKW vfis {aF lwkhf
Ffyh.
gl. 1.4
- 1 I {aF vj gf Fgh?
4
Fiw jKW vzhf Ujh mjid {aF lgfkhf
Ffyh.
KGfis vnfho FFnghJ mLjLJtU KGf rk
ilbtf FfgLwJ vgJ cfSF bj. 1,1 vgit 0 UJ rku UF. njngh jKW vf 1 kW - 1 vgit
4
4
1
0 - UJ rku UF.
vw jKW viz vgo FgJ
4
22
bkbaf bjhF
vgJ cfSF bj. J {aF 1F ilgl bjhiy
4 1 gF bjhiy FfgLwJ. Mifah - 1 vgJ 0F 1F
4
ilgl bjhiy 4 1 gF bjhiy FfgLwJ.
3 I vnfho vgo FgJ vgJ ekF bj. J {aF
2
tygfkhf. 1F 2F ilgl gF FfgLwJ. bghGJ
- 3 I vnfho Ff KgLnth. J {aF lwkhf,
2
{aUJ 3 cs mnj bjhiy lwkhf mik.
2
nj nghy - 1 {aF lwkhf UwJ. mnj bjhiy
2
1 tywkhf UwJ.
Mifah, nkny flthW vnfho - 1 I
2
2
FfKo. njnghy kw midJ jKW vfis Ffyh.
U jKW vfSilna cs jKW vf
4 kW 12 MatF ilgl KG vfis Tl uh#] Udh.
Mifah 3 = 9 kW 2 = 14
7
21
3
21
bghGJ mt 9 1 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 vdbgWwh.
21 21 21
21 21 21
Mifah
9
21
kW
14 F
21
ilgl
jKW
vf
10 , 11 , 12 , 13 .
21 21 21 21
bghGJ 3 kW 2 MatWF ilnas nkY gy jKW
7
3
vfis fLof Kanth.
23
maha
3 = 18 kW 2 = 28 vd eh bgwyh.
7
42
3
42
Mifah, 18 1 19 1 20 1 g 1 28 .
42
42
42
42
vdnt 3 1 19 1 20 1 21 1 g 1 2 .
7
42
42
42
3
bkbaf bjhF
g 1.6
1. rahd ilia njbjLf:
i) 3 xU
8
(B) Fiw jKW v
(A) if jKW v
(C) KG v
(D) if KG
(D) 10
9
(A) 4
12
(D) - 7
14
(B) 1
12
(C)
1
- 12
(C) xiw v
(D) jKW v
3. l tot vGJf :
i) - 12
16
iv) - 70
42
iii) 21
- 35
i) 3
4
iv) 6
5
ii) - 18
48
v) - 4
8
iii) - 8
3
ii) - 5
8
v) 7
10
i) 2
3
iv) - 1
7
ii) 4
16
v) 4
7
iii) 9
6
(i) jKW vf Tl
gFf xnu khahf cs jKW vfis TLnth.
25
maha
vLJfhL 1.20
9 kW 7 I TLf.
5
5
9 + 7 = 9+7
5 5
5
= 16 .
5
vLJfhL 1.21
7 + -5
3 ` 4 j
RUFf:
7 + -5
3 ` 4 j
= 28 - 15
12
= 13
12
(3 kW 4 .bgh.k 12)
vLJfhL 1.22
RUFf: - 3 + 1 - 5 .
4
2 6
:
- 3 + 1 - 5 = (- 3 # 3) + (1 # 6) - (5 # 2) (4,2,6 .bgh. k 12)
12
4
2 6
= - 9 + 6 - 10
12
= - 19 + 6 = - 13
12
12
(ii) jKW vf fj
vLJfhL 1.23
ff: 10 UJ 8 I ff.
3
10 - 8
3
7
= 70 - 24 = 46
21
21
26
bkbaf bjhF
vLJfhL 1.24
RUFf:
6 - - 10 .
35 ` 35 j
:
6 - - 10 = 6 + 10 = 16
35 ` 35 j
35
35
vLJfhL 1.25
RUFf:
7
6
`- 2 35 j - `3 35 j .
77 111
7
6
`- 2 35 j - `3 35 j = -35 - 35
= - 77 - 111 = - 188 =- 5 13
35
35
35
vLJfhL 1.26
5
U jKW vf TLj 1. mt xU v 20 v kbwhU
v ahJ?
U jKW vf TLj = 1
bfhLfgl v + njitahd v = 1
5 + njitahd v = 1
20
njitahd v = 1 - 5
20
= 20 - 5
20
15
=
= 3
20
4
3
~ njitahd v MF.
4
7 - 5 , ii) 5 - 7 ,
35 35
6 12
iii) 7 - 3 , iv) `3 3 j - `2 1 j ,
3 4
4
4
5
1
v) `4 7 j - `6 4 j
i)
g 1.7
1. rahd ilia njbjLf.
1 + 2 F rkkhdJ
i)
3
3
(A) 2
(B) 3
4 9 F rkkhdJ
ii)
5 5
(A) 1
(B) 3
27
(C) 1
(D) 4
(C) 1
(D) 7
maha
iii) 5 1 + 1 10 F rkkhdJ
11
11
(A) 4
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 7
i) 12 kW 6
5
4 4
iv) - 7 + 9
8 16
vii) 11 + `- 7 j
13
2
ix) 7 + `- 10 j + `- 7 j
9
18
27
35 35
iv) `3 3 j - `2 1 j
4
4
7
5
vi) - kW 7
7
6
ix) 9 , 8 kW 1
4 7
28
ii) 9 + 15
iii) - 3 + 6
6
6
4 11
v) 4 + 7
vi) `- 6 j + `- 14 j
5 20
13
26
viii) `- 2 j + 5 + `- 7 j
5
12
10
x) 6 + `- 7 j + `- 9 j
3
6
12
ii) 5 - 7
6
12
iii) 7 - 3
3
v) `4 5 j - `6 1 j
7
4
5. RUFf: :
i) `1 2 j + `3 5 j
11
11
ii) `3 4 j - `7 3 j
5
10
iii) `- 1 2 j + `- 3 5 j + `6 3 j
11
11
11
iv) `- 3 9 j + `3 2 j + `6 5 j
10
5
20
v) `- 3 4 j + `2 3 j
5
8
vi) `- 1 5 j + `- 2 7 j
12
11
viii) `7 3 j + `- 10 7 j
10
21
vii) `9 6 j + `- 11 2 j + `- 5 7 j
7
3
42
iii) 8 kW 6
4. RUFf: :
i) 7 - 5
13
13
7
8
v) kW
3
4
viii) 3 kW - 7
6
2
iv) - 7 kW - 5
13
13
vii) 9 kW - 10
7
3
7
4
x) , kW - 8
5
10
15
3. tUtdt TLjiy fLo.
i) - 3 + 7
ii) 7 kW 17
bkbaf bjhF
vLJfhL 1.27
4
22
` 11 j kW ` -8 j Mat bgUf gyid fLo.
:
4
22
` 11 j # ` -8 j
-
=` - 4 j # ` - 22 j = 88
11
88
=1
vLJfhL 1.28
4
2
`- 2 15 j kW `- 3 49 j Mat bgUf gyid fLo.
4
2
`- 2 15 j # `- 3 49 j
= ` - 34 j # ` - 149 j
15
49
= 5066 = 6 656
735
735
vLJfhL 1.29
U jKW vf bgUfgy 2 . mtW xU jKW v 1
2
9
v kbwhU jKW viz fLo.
29
maha
:
U jKW vf bgUf gy = 2
9
bfhLfgl jKW v = 1
2
` bfhLfgl jKW v # njitahd v = 2
9
1 # njitahd v = 2
9
2
2
njitahd v = # 2 = 4
9 1
9
` njitahd jKW v 4 MF.
9
i) 7 # 23 = 1
23
` 7 bgUf nekhW 23 .
23
7
ii) ` - 8 j # ` 12 j = 1
12
-8
fhf
1) 7 # 9 , 2) 11 # 24
8
` ` - 8 j bgUf nekhW ` 12 j .
12
-8
12
12 33
3) `- 1 1 j # `- 7 2 j
4
3
` 12 j bgUf nekhW ` - 8 j .
12
-8
vLJfhL 1.30
fLo : ` 2 j ' ` - 5 j .
3
10
:
2
5
` 3 j ' `10 j
2 ' -1
3 ` 2 j
2 # (- 2) = - 4
3
3
30
bkbaf bjhF
vLJfhL 1.31
fLo : 4 3 ' 2 3 .
7
8
:
31 ' 19
7
8
= 31 # 8 = 248
7 19
133
= 1 115
133
4 3 ' 2 3 =
7
8
g 1.8
1. rahd ilia njbjLf:
i) 7 13 F rkkhdJ
13
7
(A) 7
(B) 13
ii) 7 bgUf nekhW
8
(A) 7
(B) 8
8
7
4
22
iii)
`
F rkkhdJ
8 j
- 11
(A) 1
(B) 2
iv) 4 9 F rkkhdJ
9
36
(A) - 16
(B) 4
9
2. bgUFf :
i) - 12 kW 6
5
5
iii) - 3 kW 7
9
8
v) - 50 kW 28
7
10
(C) 1
(D) 1
(C) - 7
8
(D) - 8
7
(C) 3
(D) 4
(C) 5
(D) 7
ii) - 7 kW 5
13
13
iv) - 6 kW 44
11
22
vi) - 5 kW - 4
6
15
v) 3 # 9 # 10
6 7
4
maha
1.8 jrk vf
(i) jKW vfis jrk vfshf Fj
RUfkhf id Tnth.
vLJfhlhf,
(i)
(ii)
1 = 1'8
8
` 1 = 0.125
8
3 = 3'4
4
` 3 = 0.75
4
(iii)
3 1 = 16 = 3.2
5
5
(iv)
(ii) jrk vf Tl kW fj
vLJfhL 1.32
TLf : 120.4, 2.563, 18.964
120.4
2.563
18.964
141.927
32
bkbaf bjhF
vLJfhL 1.33
63.7 UJ 43.508 I ff.
:
63.700
( ) 43.508
20.192
vLJfhL 1.34
27.690
35.072
14.04
10.12
62.762
24.16
62.762
24.16
38.602
il: 38.602
vLJfhL 1.35
xU ngdh iy
= ` 177.50
xU bg iy
= `
4.75
x
U nehLjf iy = ` 20.60
` gh bkhj bry
= ` 202.85
i) 2.9 5
ii) 1.9 1.3
iii) 2.2 4.05
maha
vLJfhL 1.36
xU rJu gf 3.2 br. v, mjDila Rwsit fLo.
xU rJu
Rws= 4 gf
vLJfhL 1.37
xU brtf s 6.3 br. kW mjDila mfy 3.2 br. Mf
UwJ. brtf gu vd ?
:
brtf s
brtf mfy
brtf gu
=
=
=
=
6.3 br.
3.2 br.
(s) (mfy)
6.3 3.2 = 20.16 br.2
100
jrk viz 10 M bgUF nghJ jrk ahdJ tyJ wkhf xU
yf efwJ.
100
jrk viz 100 M bgUF nghJ jrk
ahdJ tyJ wkhf uL yff efwJ.
= 3230
34
i) 0.7 10
ii) 1.3 100
iii) 76.3 1000
bkbaf bjhF
g 1.9
(A) 0.1
(B) 0.11
ii) 5 100 F rkkhdJ
(A) 0.5
(B) 0.005
iii) 1 1 F rkkhdJ
10 10
(A) 0.01
(B) 0.001
iv) 0.4 5 F rkkhdJ
(A) 1
2. fLo :
(i) 0.3 7
(B) 0.4
(C) 0.01
(D) 0.0001
(C) 0.05
(D) 0.0005
(C) 0.0001
(D) 0.1
(C) 2
(D) 3
(ii) 9 4.5
(iii) 2.85 6
(iv) 20.7 4
(v) 0.05 9
(vi) 212.03 5
(vii) 3 0.86
3. fLo :
(i) 1.4 10
(v) 32.3 100
(ii) 4.68 10
(iii) 456.7 10
(iv) 269.08 10
maha
vLJfhlhf,
fhf:
i) 432.5 10
ii) 432.5 100
iii) 432.5 1000
vLJfhL 1.38
fLo 4.2 3.
4.2 3 = 42 ' 3 = 42 # 1
10
10 3
= 42 # 1 = 1 # 42
10 # 3
10 # 3
= 1 # 42 = 1 # 14
10
3
10
= 14 = 1.4
10
fhf:
i) 85.8 3
ii) 25.5 5
vLJfhL 1.39
fLo 18.5 5.
fhf:
i) 73.12 4
ii) 34.55 7
:
eh bgWtJ 17.6 0.4 = 176 ' 4
10 10
= 176 # 10 = 44.
10
36
fhf:
i) 9.25
0.5
ii) 36
0.04
iii) 6.5
1.3
bkbaf bjhF
vLJfhL 1.41
xU kJ 129.92 . bjhiyit 3.2 k neu flwJ. xU k
neu mJ flF bjhiy vts?
kJth flfglbjhiy
= 129.92 .
= 3.2 k
32
g 1.10
(A) 1
(B) 0.1
1 F rkkhdJ
1000
(A) 0.01
(B) 0.001
(C) 0.01
(D) 2
(C) 1.001
(D) 1.01
ii)
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 7
(C) 7
(D) 10
2. fLo :
(i) 0.6 2
(ii) 0.45 5
(iii) 3.48 3
(iv) 64.8 6
(v) 785.2 4
(vi) 21.28 7
3. fLo :
(i) 6.8 10
(ii) 43.5 10
(iii) 0.9 10
(iv) 44.3 10
(v) 373.48 10
(vi) 0.79 10
4. fLo:
5. fLo :
(i) 8.9 1000
37
maha
(iv) 40.95 5
1.9 mLFf
mKf
Kokh? vW nflh.
mLFf
10 = 101
njnghy
21 # 21 = 22
21 # 21 # 21 = 23
38
bkbaf bjhF
21 # 21 # 21 # 21 = 24
nkfl vLJfhLfUJ
a # a
vd gofyh. ]
a # a # a
vd gofyh]
vLJfhL 1.42
512 I mLF bjhl TW.
:
eh bgWtJ 512 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 2
vLJfhL 1.43
vJ bgaJ 25 , 52 ?
25 = 2 # 2 # 2 2 2 = 32
kW 52 = 5 # 5 = 25 vd eh bgwyh.
32 > 25.
` 25 MdJ 52 I l bgaJ.
39
maha
vLJfhL 1.44
144I gfh fhuf mLFf bgUfyhf TWf.
:
144 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 3 # 3
= 24 # 32
` 144 = 24 # 32
vLJfhL 1.45
( 4) # ( 4) # ( 4) # ( 4) # ( 4)
= 1024.
g 1.11
1. rahd ilia njbjLf.
i) 102 F rkkhdJ
(A) 100
(B) 100
(C) 10
(D) 10
(C) 10
(D) 10
(A) 100
(A) am
(B) an
(C) an
(D) am + n
(C) 0
(D) 3
(A) 103
(B) 100
(B) 9
2. flt k fhf :
(i) 28
(iv) 123
(ii) 33
(v) 134
(iii) 113
(vi) 010
(i) 7 # 7 # 7 # 7 # 7 7
(ii) 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 # 1
(iii) 10 # 10 # 10 # 10 # 10 # 10
(iv) b # b # b # b # b
(v) 2 # 2 # a # a # a # a
40
bkbaf bjhF
(i) 216
(ii) 243
(iii) 625
(iv) 1024
(v) 3125
(vi) 100000
(i) 45 , 54
(ii) 26 , 62
(iii) 32 , 23
(iv) 56 , 65
(v) 72 , 27
(vi) 47 , 74
(i) 100
(ii) 384
(iii) 798
(iv) 678
(v) 948
(vi) 640
(i) 2 # 105
(ii) 0 # 104
(iii) 52 # 34
(iv) 24 # 34
(v) 32 # 109
(vi) 103 # 0
(ii) ( 1)10
(v) (6)3 # (7)2
7. RUFf :
8. RUFf :
(i) ( 5)3
(iv) ( 4)2 # ( 5)3
mLF bjhl f
1)
32 # 34 = (3 # 3) # (3 # 3 # 3 3)
= 31 # 31 # 31 # 31 # 31 # 31
= 36
2)
a2 # a5 = (a # a) # (a # a # a # a # a)
= a1 # a1 # a1 # a1 # a1 # a1 # a1
= a7
m kW n vw KG vfis
mLfhf, {akw mokhd a
cs U vfis bgUFtJ, U
mLFfis To a mL nghl
ntL a m # a n = a m + n .
41
i) 25 # 27
ii) 43 # 44
maha
7
27 25 = 25
2
= 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2
2#2#2#2#2
= 22
( 5) 4
(- 5) 4 ' (- 5) 3 = - 3
(- 5)
ii)
= (- 5) # (- 5) # (- 5) # (- 5)
(- 5) # (- 5) # (- 5)
= - 5
tUJ bghJthf {akyhj KG a F am ' an = amn,
mL mLF
fltiw ft :
(i)
(33)2 = 33 33
(ii)
= 33+3 = 36
(22)3 = 22 22 22
= 22+2+2
= 26
bghJthf, UJ
m kW n KG vf.
{akyhj vj xU KG a F ^a mhn = a mn ,
vLJfhL: 1.46
mLF F mik vGJf. mokhd 3 vd vLJ bfhf.
9999
:
9 9 9 9 = 94 vd eh bgwyh.
Mifah
= 38
42
bkbaf bjhF
g 1.12
i) am ax F rkkhdJ
(A) am x
(B) am + x
(C) am x
(D) a m
ii) 1012 1010 F rkkhdJ
(A) 102
(B) 1
(C) 0
(D) 1010
iii) 1010 102 F rkkhdJ
(A) 105
(B) 108
(C) 1012
(D) 1020
iv) (22)10 F rkkhdJ
(A) 25
(B) 212
(C) 220
(D) 210
2. i) 35 # 33 # 34
3. i) 510 ' 56
4. i) ^34h3
ii) a3 # a2 # a7
ii) a6 ' a2
ii) ^25h4
iii) 7 x # 72 # 73
iii) ^45h2
iv) 46 ' 44
iv) ^40h10
v) 56 # 52 # 51
v) 33 ' 33
v) ^52h10
43
maha
id bfhf!
1. a vf N = {1, 2, 3, ...}
2. KG vf W = {0, 1, 2, ...}
i)
am an = am + n
m
ii) a n = a m - n , m > n vDnghJ
a
iii) ^a mhn = a mn
44
afj
2.1 afj nfhitf
(i) mKf
v fj braghLf _ykhf nrJ vGjgl vf v nfhit
myJ v fj nfhit vwiHfgLwJ.
vLJfhlhf, 3 + (4 5), 5 (4 2), (7 9) 5 kW (3 4) (4 5 7)
Mad v nfhitf.
afj nfhit (Algebraic Expression)
khfis, vfis (kh) fj braghLf _ykhf nrJ
vGJtJ afj nfhitahF.
45
maha
vLJfhL 2.1
TW
(i)
y cl 5 I TLf
y+5
(ii)
n UJ 8 I ff
n8
(iii)
12 I x M bgUFf
12 x
(iv)
p I 3 M tFf
p
3
nfhit
cW
xU khahfnth myJ xU khahfnth myJ kh kW khf
bgUf nrifnah X cW vdgL.
3x2 + 6x - 5 vw nfhit, 3x2, 6x kW 5 vgit nfhit
cWf vdgL.
(i) xU kh
(ii) xU kh
(i) 8b
(iv) 7x2 y - 4y + 8x - 9
(ii) 3p 2q
(iii) a2 + 4a - 5
bfG
6xy, vw cW 6,
x, y , 6x, 6y, xy kW
6xy vgd fhufshF.
46
afj
vLJfhL 2.2
5xy vw cW,
xy bfG 5 MF (v bfG),
5x bfG y MF,
5y bfG x MF.
v bfGit fhf:
(i) 3z
(ii) 8ax
(iii) ab
(iv) pq
(v) 1 mn
(vi) - 4 yz
vLJfhL 2.3
mn2 vw cW,
mn2 bfG 1,
n2 bfG m,
2
m bfG n .
t.v
nfhit
1.
10 2y
2.
11 + yz
3.
yn2 + 10
4.
- 3m2 y + n
y I bfhl
cW
y bfG
yz
47
maha
2
g 2.1
(A) - 7
(B) x
(C) y
(D) xy
(C) 1
(D) - 1
(C) 12 - z
(D) z - 12
(ii) - q cs v bfG
(A) q
(B) - q
(iii) z UJ 12 I fjh
(A) 12 + z
(B) 12z
(iv) n I - 7 M bgUdh
(C) 7
n
(v) p _W klFl 7I nrjh
(A) 7n
(A) 21p
(B) - 7n
(B) 3p - 7
(C) 3p + 7
(D) - 7
n
(D) 7 - 3p
2. tUtdt cs khfis, khfis fLo
a, 5, - xy, p, - 9.5
3. nHs xbthiw nfhitahf khw
(i) x I l 6 mf
(ii) - m UJ 7 I ff
(iii) 3q cl 11 I TLf
(iv) x _W klifl 10 mf
(v) y IJ klifl 8 Fiw
(i) y2 x + y
(iii) 5 + z + zx
(ii) 3 + x + 3x2 y
(iv) 2x2 y - 5xy2 + 7y2
(i) 3 - my2
(ii) 6y2 + 8x
(iii) mLF
xU kh a I, 5 Kiw bgUFtij a # a # a # a # a = a5 vd vGjyh.
(jid a mLF 5 vd Twyh). nj ngh, b # b # b = b3 (b mLF
3) kW c # c # c # c = c4 (c mLF 4). F a, b, c vgit mokhd MF.
5, 3, 4 vgit mLF MF.
48
afj
vLJfhL 2.4
vLJfhL 2.5
(i) x, 5x, 9x Ma cWf midJ x vw khiana
bfhLsjh, it xj cWf vdgL.
vLJfhL 2.6
(i) 6x, 6y Mait khWgl cWfshF.
(ii) 3xy2, 5xy, 8x, - 10y Mait khWgl cWfshF.
(ii) - 7m kW - 3n
(iii) 4x2 z kW - 10zx2
maha
F : xU kh go 0 MF.
vLJfhL 2.7
(i) 5a2 - 6a + 10 vw nfhit go 2
(ii) 3x2 + 7 + 6xy2 vw nfhit go 3
(iii) m2 n2 + 3mn + 8 vw nfhit go 4
x = 4 v, 5x = 5 # 4 = 20 .
x = 30 v, 5x = 5 # 30 = 150.
vdnt, xU nfhit kig fhz x bfhLfgl kig ul
ntL.
vLJfhL 2.8
x = 2 v, fhQ nfhitf kig fhf.
(i) x + 5
(ii) 7x - 3
(iii) 20 - 5x2
: x = 2 vd ul
(i)
(ii)
x + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7
7x 3 = 7 (2) 3
= 14 3 = 11
50
afj
20 5x2 = 20 5 (2)2
(iii)
= 20 5 (4)
= 20 20 = 0
vLJfhL 2.9
a =- 3 , b = 2 v fl nfhitf kig fhf.
(i) a + b
(iii) a2 + 2ab + b2
(ii) 9a - 5b
: a =- 3 , b = 2 vd ul
(i)
a + b = 3 + 2 = 1
(ii)
9a 5b = 9 ( 3) 5 (2)
= 27 10 = 37
(iii) a2 + 2ab + b2 = (- 3) 2 + 2 ( 3) (2) + 22
= 9 12 + 4 = 1
1. p =- 3 v, fl
(i) 6p - 3
2p2 - 3p + 2
(ii)
kig fhf.
3
10
x- 3
3. kh kig fhf.
x
2x
14
28
42
g 2.2
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(ii) p = 40 , q = 20 v (p q) + 8 vw nfhit k
(A) 60
2
(B) 20
2
(C) 68
(D) 28
(C) 3
(D) 4
(iii) x y + x y + y vw nfhit go
(A) 1
(B) 2
51
maha
(iv) m = - 4 v 3m + 4 vw nfhit k
(A) 16
(B) 8
(C) - 12
(D) - 8
(v) p = 2, q = 3 v (p + q) - ^ p - qh vw nfhit k
(A) 6
(B) 5
(C) 4
(D) 3
2. flt xj cWfis FLf.
(v) 5pq, - 4p, 3q, p2 q2, 10p, - 4p2, 25pq, 70q, 14p2 q2
(iii)
6x2 y + xy
3x2 - x + 7
2.2 nfhitf Tl kW fj
xj cWf TlY fjY
xj cWf, khWgl cWf g eh Kng mUnwh. xj
cWfis kLnk Tl Ko vgJ Tl mogil jJtkhF.
uL myJ mjF nkgl xj cWf Tliy fhz, mt
v bfGfis eh Tl ntL. ijnghW, uL xj cWf
ntWghL fhz, mt v bfGf ntWghil eh fhz ntL.
xj cWf Tl myJ fj fhz uL tKiwf csd. mit,
(i) il Kiw (Horizontal method)
(ii) iy FJ Kiw (Vertical method)
FG braghL
vLJfhL 2.10
52
afj
vLJfhL 2.11
TLj fhf : 4a, 7a.
:
4a
+ 7 a
11 a
vLJfhL 2.12
TLj fhf : 7pq, - 4pq , 2pq .
:
il Kiw
iy FJ Kiw
= ^7 - 4 + 2h # pq
4 pq
=5 pq
+ 2 pq
7 pq
5 pq
vLJfhL 2.13
TLj fhf 5x2 y, 7x2 y, - 3x2 y, 4x2 y .
:
il Kiw
iy FJ Kiw
=^5 + 7 - 3 + 4h x2 y
+ 7x2 y
= 13x2 y
- 3x2 y
5x2 y
+ 4x2 y
13x2 y
vLJfhL 2.14
7a UJ 3a I ff.
:
il Kiw
iy FJ Kiw
7a - 3a = ^7 - 3h a
7a
+ 3 a (Fpil
(- ) khw)
= 4 a
4a
53
maha
vLJfhL 2.15
(i)
9 xy UJ - 2xy I ff.
9 xy
2 xy
(+)
(Fpil khw)
11 xy
- 6p2 q2
+ 8p2 q2
()
- 14p2 q2
xj cWfis TLtJ myJ fgJ nghW khWgl cWfis
TLtJ myJ fgJ vgJ ayhJ.
x cl eh 7I TLtjF, x + 7 vd vGJnth. x kW 7 Ma
U cWfS khwhk csd.
J nghynt khWgl cWfshd 4xy kW 5 I To t Tliy
4xy + 5 vd vGJnth. 5pq UJ 6 I fjh 5pq- 6 ilF.
vLJfhL 2.16
TLj fhf : 6a + 3, 4a - 2
:
xj cWf
xj cWf
54
afj
= 6a + 4a + 3 2
= 10a + 1
vLJfhL 2.17
RUFf : 6t + 5 + t + 1
:
xj cWf
xj cWf
= 6t + t + 5 + 1 (xj cWfis xW nrj)
= 7t + 6
vLJfhL 2.18
TLj fhf : 5y + 8 + 3z , 4y - 5
:
5y + 8 + 3z + 4y - 5
= 5y + 4y + 8 - 5 + 3z
= 9y + 3 + 3z
vLJfhL 2.19
15n2 - 10n + 6n - 6n2 - 3n + 5 vw nfhitia RUFf.
:
xj cWfis xW nrf
15n2 - 6n2 - 10n + 6n - 3n + 5
= ^15 - 6h n2 + ^- 10 + 6 - 3h n + 5
= 9n2 + ^- 7h n + 5
= 9n2 - 7n + 5
vLJfhL 2.20
TLj fhf : 10x2 - 5xy + 2y2, - 4x2 + 4xy + 5y2 , 3x2 - 2xy - 6y2 .
:
9x - 3xy + y
TLj fhf :
(i) 8m - 7n, 3n - 4m + 5
(ii) a + b, - a + b
(iii) 4a2, - 5a2, - 3a2, 7a2
55
maha
vLJfhL 2.21
- 8a + 9b UJ 6a - 3b I ff
:
- 8a + 9b
+ 6a - 3b
vLJfhL 2.22
-^8 - 5h = - 8 + 5,
- 2^m - nh =- 2m + 2n
vf Ffis
() (+)
gagLJtJ nghynt
afj cWf
- 14a + 12b
FfS ifahsgLwJ.
3^5p - q + 3h UJ 2^ p - qh I ff
: 3^5p - q + 3h - 2^ p - qh
= 15p - 3q + 9 - 2p + 2q
= 15p - 2p - 3q + 2q + 9
= 13p - q + 9
ff:
(i) (a+b) UJ (ab) I ff
vLJfhL 2.23
(ii) ( 2x + 8y) UJ
(5x 3y) I ff
a2 - b2 - 3ab UJ a2 + b2 - 3ab I ff
:
il Kiw
iyFJ Kiw
a2 b2 3ab
= a2 - b2 - 3ab - a2 - b2 + 3ab
= - b2 - b2
a2 + b2 3ab
()
= - 2b2
()
(+)
2 b2
vLJfhL 2.24
A = 5x2 + 7x + 8, B = 4x2 - 7x + 3 v , 2A - B I fhf.
:
2A = 2^5x2 + 7x + 8h
= 10x2 + 14x + 16
vdnt 2 A B = ^10x2 + 14x + 16h - ^4x2 - 7x + 3h
56
afj
vLJfhL 2.25
6b2 I bgWtjF 14b2 UJ vij ff ntL?
:
14b2
6b2
()
8b2
vLJfhL 2.26
- a2 - b2 + 6ab I bgWtjF 3a2 - 4b2 + 5ab UJ vij ff
ntL?
:
(+)
(+)
2
()
2
4a - 3b - ab
FG braghL
x2, x, 1 vd vGjgl milf xbthY 10 vifF vLJ bfhf.
mtilf w xbthY x2, x kW 1 vd vG bfhf.
1.
2.
3.
g 2.3
(i) 4x, - 8x kW 7x Mat TLj
(A) 5x
(B) 4x
(C) 3x
(D) 19x
(ii) 2ab, 4ab, - 8ab TLj
(A) 14 ab
(B) - 2ab
(C) 2ab
(D) - 14ab
(iii) 5ab + bc - 3ab vgJ
(A) 2ab + bc (B) 8ab + bc
(D) 3ab
(C) 9ab
(iv) 5y - 3y - 4y + y vgJ
2
2
(A) 9y + 4y (B) 9y - 4y
(C) y + 2y
(D) y - 2y
(v) A = 3x + 2, B = 6x - 5 v, A - B vgJ
(C) 7x - 3
(A) - 3x + 7 (B) 3x - 7
(D) 9 x + 7
57
maha
2. RUFf:
3. TLf :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
6a - 3b + 7a + 5b
8l - 5l2 - 3l + l2
- z2 + 10z2 - 2z + 7z2 - 14z
p - ^ p - qh - q - ^q - ph
3mn - 3m2 + 4nm - 5n2 - 3m2 + 2n2
^4x2 - 5xy + 3y2h - ^3x2 - 2xy - 4y2h
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
4. ff :
(i) 14a UJ 6a I ff
2
(ii) 6a2 b UJ - a b I ff
(iii) - 4x2 y2 UJ 7x2 y2 I ff
(iv) xy + 12 UJ 3xy - 4 I ff
(v) n^5 - mh UJ m^n - 3h I ff
2
(vi) - 10p - 6p2 UJ 9p - 5p I ff
2
(vii) 5m2 - 9 UJ - 3m + 6m + 3 I ff
2
(viii) 6s - 10 UJ - s + 12s - 6 I ff
2
2
(ix) 6n2 - 4mn - 4m2 UJ 5m + 6mn - 3n I ff
6. xU Knfhz _W gff 3a + 4b - 2,
v, mj Rws vd?
58
a - 7 kW 2a - 4b + 3
afj
(i) 2A + 3B
11. P = m2 + 8m
fhf.
fhf.
(ii) A- B
kW
Q =- m2 + 3m - 2 v P - Q + 8 k
id bfhf!
1. afj, fj xU gF MF.
fj braghLf, vf
59
maha
toa
toa vgJ fj xU MF. J toa cUtf
gntWgl gfis bjJ bfhs gagLwJ. nuf bkh ``toa
vgjF `` msL vw bghUshF. toayhdJ bghUf cUt,
ms, iy kW w toa gfisg bjJ bfhs cjwJ.
bt, folfiy, tiufiy kW bgha Ma Jiwf toa
gF bgUks cgnahf csJ.
3.1. ghit
toa mogil TWf:
KtFf toa mogil TWf ytiw eh goUnwh.
mtiw nghJ id Tnth.
gl 3.1
nfhL
f
xU fUF Jtf cL
Jtfia iyahd vdyh.
Mdh
Ko
ilahJ.
gl 3.3
toa
nfhLJL
AB vgJ xU nenfhL vf. mj nenfho J C,D vw fis
vLJbfhf. AB xU gF CD MF. CD I xU nfhLJL vd Twyh
jid CD vW vGJt. xU nfhLJoF uL
gl 3.4
Kof csd.
js
js vgJ vyh gffY Koyhk brY xU rkgughF.
nkir nkgu, fUgyif, Rtf Mait jsF cjhuzfshF.
3.2. rk jik
rk jik vgJ toa TWf KakhdJ. J bghJthf
aif fhzgLwJ kW e mwhl thifY cgnahf csJ.
tiufiyahsf, cgahsf , tiugljahghsf, folJiwahsf
kW gy rk jikf fUij cgnahfgLJwhf. njTL, f,
ku iyf, ifFil, ghuf rk totij bfhLsd.
gl 3.5
xU bghU U miughff xnwhblhW cUt kW ms
rahf bghUdh mJ rk jik vd TwgLwJ. eh xU glij
uL ghahf koF bghGJ uL miugF-lJ gh kW tyJ
gh xnwhblhW bghUdh mglid
rk jik bfhlJ vd Twyh.
cjhuzkhf xU Mis U rkghffshf
btodh, mU ghffS rkuhf UF.
Muh cs
jh{khAh rk jik
bgWs idd
gl 3.6
61
maha
tzJ rk jikF kW xU vLJfhlhF.
tzJ cl eLnt xU nfhL tiujh, mj UghfK rkkhf
njhW.
gl 3.7
gytifahd rk jikf csd.
jikfis g fhngh.
1. rk nfhL myJ rk mR
2. Mo rk jik
3. RH rk jik
mtW fl rk
1. rk nfhL
gl 3.8 l nfhL glij uL rkghffshf wJ.
glij mjnfhLl kojh xU gFahdJ kbwhU gFl rahf
xnwhblhW bghUJ. j lnfhil rk nfhL vnwh.
bfhLfgl gl cs nfhlhdJ U rk gFfshf J lJgh
tyJghnahL rahf bghUJkhmnfhL
rknfhL myJ rk mR vdgL.
braghL 1:
xU brtf totjhis vLJbfhf.
mjjhis sth xUKiw kof m
xU gh kbwhU ghnahL rahf bghUJkhW
itJ sth koJ ig njf.
bghGJ J kWgo mfyth kof.
gl 3.8
j
fhj
ko
UJ
f
brtfF uL rknfhLf csd vgij mayh.
gl 3.9
thf : izfu rk jikia bgWsjh?
62
toa
braghL 2:
0
jgl
mj
_iylij
xU
rk
nfhlhf
gl 3.10
braghL 3:
rkgf Knfhz
rJu
xGF
Infhz
xGF
mWnfhz
gl 3.11
xU gynfhz,
xGF gynfhz
v mt vyh
gffS rkkhf
vyh nfhzfS
rkkhf UF.
xbthU
xGF
gynfhzfS
vjid
bfhLsnjh mjid rknfhLfis bfhLsd.
63
gffis
maha
tl gy rk
nfhLfis bfhLsJ.
rk jik bgyhj totfS, cUtfS cL.
mrkgf Knfhz
xGfw cUt
My vGJf
rknfhLf
yhj vGJfis
goaLf.
gl 3.12
nkny cs glfSF rknfhLf ilahJ. mglfis rk
jikawit vd Twyh.
bghU ug vgJ Mo ug
vLJfhL 3.1
bfhLfgLs gl Moia bghWj
rk jik vbuhig fhLwJ.
64
toa
g 3.1
i) Urkgf KnfhzF
(A) rknfhLf ilahJ
(C) _W rknfhLf
(B) xU rknfhL
(D) gy rknfhLf
ii) izfuF
(A) uL rknfhLf
(C) rknfhLf ilahJ
iii) brtfF
(A) uL rknfhLf
(C) ehF rknfhLf
iv) rhrJuF
(A) rknfhLf ilahJ
(C) uL rknfhLf
v) mrkgf KnfhzF
(A) rknfhLf ilahJ
(C) xU rknfhL
(B) _W rknfhLf
(D) gy rknfhLf
65
maha
4. fl mltizia uf:
cUt
khgl
rknfhLf
vif
rkgf Knfhz
rJu
brtf
Urkgf Knfhz
rhrJu
3. RH rk jik
0
vGJ H
90 RH
gl. 3.14
rJu
90 RH
gl 3.15
66
180 RH
180 RH
toa
brtf
90 RH
180 RH
gl. 3.16
0
xU rJuij 90 F RHa wF mnj totKs rJu ilF .
Mdh xU brtfij 180F RHa wFjh mnj totKs brtf
ilwJ. j totfis 360F Fiwthf RHW bghGJ mnj tot
ilgij RH rk jik vW brhnwh.
RHnfhz
xU Fl ia bghWJ vj Fiwj nfhz ms xU
totij RHdh mnj tot ilwnjh mj nfhzij RH nfhz
vW mj ia RHika vW TWnwh.
braghL 4:
uL miljhfis vLJ xU rkgf Knfhzij xbthU
milY tiuJ bto bfhs.
Knfhzf uL rt rkkhf
UfntL. xU miljh xU
tl tiuJ fofhu RW irF
vir 0 ghifUJ 360 ghif
tiu Ff. bghGJ Knfhzij
kbwhU Knfhz J rahf
bghUj brJ tl tot miljh
ika Knfhz ikaf tna
xU F^ia bghUj. nkny cs
Knfhz nH cs KnfhzJl
rahf L xU Kiw bghUJ tiu
RHw.
Knfhzij 120 RHa wF mJ L nHs Knfhz
rahf bghUJtij fhzyh .
kWgo ulhtJ Kiw nkny cs Knfhz nH cs
KnfhzJl bghUJ tiu RHw. bghGJ f nkny cs
Knfhz 240 jdJ MugiyUJ RH milJsij fhzyh.
nkny cs Knfhzij _whtJ Kiw nH cs KnfhzJl
bghUj bra. bghGJ nkny cs Knfhz xU KGRW 360
67
maha
60 RH
rkgf
Knfhz
120 RH
gl 3.17
mWnfhz RH nfhz
mWnfhz
60 RH
gl 3.18
RH rk tir
RH rk tir vgJ xU tot vjid Kiwf xU KGR mnj
totij ngh csnjh mj vif RH rk tir vdgL. xU
0
bghU RHnfhz x v mj
RH rk tir = 360
0
x
gl 3.15 UJ 3.18 tiu.
68
toa
RH rk tir
0
360 = 4
0
90
0
360 = 2
0
180
0
360 = 3
120
(i) rJuF
(ii) brtfF
(iii) rkgf KnfhzF
360 = 6.
0
60
(iv) mWnfhzF
vLJfhL 3.2
90
90
90
0
braghL 5:
gl fhoathW miljh myJ fhj Knfhzij bto
bfhs. mij gyif J itJ tiugl Cia mj
xU c bghUj. bghGJ mj Knfhz
0
cia 90 F xbthU Kiw RH mJ j iyia
tjil tiu RHw. UJ f xbthU 90cF
tU glf ii UJ v ilgij fhzyh.
69
maha
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
0
g 3.2
(A) 60
(B) 4
(C) 6
(D) 1.
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
iv) S vw vG RHnfhz
0
(A) 90
(D) 180
(A) 1
(C) 120
(A) 2
(B) 90
(B) 180
(C) 270
(D) 360
v) V vw vG RH rk tir xW v mj RHnfhz
0
(A) 60 (B) 90
(C) 180
70
(D) 360
toa
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
(iv)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
3.3 nfhz
xU
bghJthd
UJ
uL
ff
nfhzf tiff
gl 3.19
(i) FWnfhz
0
xU nfhz ms 0 I l mfkhf 90 I
l Fiwthf csJ v mJ FWnfhz MF.
0
gl 3.20
71
maha
(ii) brnfhz
nfhz ms 90cv mJ brnfhz vdgL.
gl 3.21 + AOB = 90cvgJ brnfhz.
gl 3.21
(iii) nfhz
0
gl 3.22
(iv) nenfhz
xU nfhz ff, vffshf cUthF
nghJ nenfhL clhwJ.
thW clhF
0
nfhz nenfhz kW mj k 180 gl 3.23
0
+ AOB = 180 vgJ nenfhz.
gl 3.23
(v) tisnfhz
nfhz ms 1800 I l mfkhf3600 I
l Fiwthf cs nfhz tisnfhz.
gl3.24 + AOB = 220vgJ tisnfhz
gl 3.24
(vi) KGnfhz
gl 3.25 OP kW OQ xU KGtl
0
mjhtJ 360 VgLJ nfhzij KGnfhz
vg.
gl 3.25
bjhlila nfhzf
(i) unfhzf
0
uL nfhzf TLj 90 v mj
uL nfhzfS unfhzf MF. xbthU
nfhzK kbwhUnfhz unfhz MF.
0
30
unfhz
60 MF.
unfhz 300 .
kW 60
gl 3.26
72
toa
(ii) if u nfhzf
0
tU
nrhonfhzf if
unfhzf myJ
unfhzf vJ
vgij fL of
0
uf :
0
(m) 85 unfhz____
(m) 80 kW 10 ____
0
(M) 30 unfhz____
() 60 if unfhz____
() 40 kW50 ____
0
(<) 90 if unfhz____
(<) 95 kW 85 ____
0
gl 3.27
btLnfhLf
jf mLJs
f
My vGJ X
FWF rhiyf
gl 3.28
73
maha
U
nfhLf
xU
btobfhS
nghJ
nfhzf
cUthwd.
gl 3.29 UnfhLf
AB kW CD O vw
btLwd. + COA, + AOD, + DOB,
gl 3.30
gl 3.29
+ BOC vw nfhzf cUthwd.
j ehF nfhzf Unfhzf
FWnfhzfshf kw U nfhzf nfhzfshf UF.
Mdh gl 3.30 U btL nfhLf xWbfhW brFjhf
csjh ehF nfhzfS brnfhzfshf csd.
mLJs nfhzf
uL nfhzf bghJ cia xU
bghJfiu
bfhoUjh
mit
mLJs
nfhzf vW miHfgLwd.
gl 3.31 + BAC kW + CAD vgd mLJs
nfhzf. (mjhtJ . + x kW + y) mnfhzf AC vw
bghJfiu A vw bghJ cia bfhLsd.
Unfhzf + BAC kW + CAD vgd AC vw
bghJfUF gfF xwhf mikJsd.
gl 3.31
tU glij ghf
+ ROP kW + QOP
vgd
mLJs
nfhzf my V?
jfij nkny cs gl
csgo J ghf. U
nfhzfS
mLJs
nfhzfsh?
toa
gl 3.32 AB vw nfho J f OC wJ + BOC kW
+ COA vgd AB vw nfho J VgL mLJs nfhzf MF. F
O vgJ bghJ c vW OC vgJ bghJthd f vW TwgLwJ. OA
kW OB vw ff OC vw bghJ fUF vbu gf mikJsd.
xU nfho J cs U nfhzf mLJs nfhzf v mit
bghJ cia bghJ fiu kw uL ff xWbfhW bghJ
fUF vbu gffY UF.
gl 3.33
gl 3.34
0
75
maha
ngdh jh ngdh
xU nrho ne nfhzij
VgLJwJ.
thf:
gl 3.35
tU e mwhl thif
cs vLJfhL bghUf
Fbj nfhzfSF vLJfhlhF.
76
toa
braghL
UgJngh l kW
vw UnfhLfis
P vw btLkhW tiuf.
+ 2, + 3 , + 4 vgdtiw gl 3.37 csthW Ff.
6:
gl
3.37
m,
+ 1,
3
4
RHWbghGJ 2
ilwJ
gl 3.37
+ 2, + 4 Mad
(Vbd
nfho
0
nfhzf TLj 180 )
clhF
gl 3.38
mLJs
+ 1 = + 3 kW J ngh + 2 = + 4 vd %fyh.
vLJfhL 3.3
bfhLJs gl tUtdtiw milahs fhf
maha
:
(m) uL nrho mLJs nfhzf
(i) +EOA, +COE Vbd OE vgJ + EOA kW +COE F bghJthdJ
(ii) + COA, + BOC Vbd OC vgJ + COA kW + BOC F bghJthdJ
(M) uL nrho Fbj nfhzf
i) + BOC, + AOD
ii) + COA, + DOB.
vLJfhL 3.4
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf
:
+ BCD + + DCA = 180
45 + x = 180
x = 180 45
= 135
0
` x k 135 .
vLJfhL 3.5
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.
:
+ AOD + + DOB = 180
100 + x = 180
x = 180 - 100
= 80
` x - k 80 .
vLJfhL 3.6
bfhLJs glUJ x - kig fhf.
:
0
+ POR + + ROQ = 180
0
( Vbd + POQ = 180 vgJ nenfhz)
78
toa
x + 2x = 180
3x = 180
0
x = 180
3
0
= 60
` x k 60
vLJfhL 3.7
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.
:
+ BCD + + DCA = 180
3x + x = 180
4x = 180
x = 180
4
0
= 45
` x k 45
vLJfhL 3.8
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.
40 + x + 30 = 180
x + 70 = 180
x = 180 - 70
= 110
` x k 110 .
vLJfhL 3.9
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.
:
0
maha
3
0
x + 20 + x + x + 40 = 180
3x + 60 = 180
3x = 180 - 60
3x = 120
0
x = 120 = 40
3
0
` x k 40
vLJfhL 3.10
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.
:
+ BOC + + COA + + AOD + + DOE + + EOB = 360
2x + 4x + 3x + x + 2x = 360
12x = 360
x = 360
12
= 30
` x k 30
vLJfhL 3.11
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.
:
0
2x + x + x = 180
4x = 180
x = 180
4
= 45
` x k45
80
toa
g 3.3
(A) xW
(B) uL (C) _W
(D) ehF
(A) 90
(B) 180
(C) 270
(D) 360
(A) 80
0
(C) 100
(B) 90
(D) 95
(A) 80
(C) 100
(B) 90
(D) 120
v) gl CD vgJ ABF brFJ
nfhL v + BCE k.
(B) 35
(D) 50
(A) 45
(C) 40
4. bfhLfgoUgJ + A v + B I fhf?
(i) 30
(ii) 80
(iii) 70
(iv) 60
0
(v) 45
81
maha
3
0
(i)
(ii)
(iv)
(v)
(iii)
(vi)
7. fl gl AB, CD vw UnfhLf O vw
btL nghJ x , y kfis fhf.
82
toa
id bfhf!
83
maha
brKiw toa
4.1 mKf
gFahdJ mKiw toa Vbfdnt goJ mj fUJfis
J bfhs nkY mtiw cW brJ bfhs khztfSF cjwJ.
nk tFf mKiw toa %f UF fUJf mogil
mit bgWtjF gF nkY cjwJ. cWahf, midJ khztfS
tiuj Mtkhf bragL ghlfUJfis vjhf fW bfhthf.
eh K tF nenfhLf, iznfhLf, brFJ nfhLf tiutJ
kW nfhzf mikgJ Matiw bjJ bfhnlh.
eh j tF, xU nfhLJo ikaFJ nfhL tiuj, nfhz
Urkbto tiuj Matiw msnfh kW ftuhaij gagL
y nfhzfis mikj kW Knfhzf tiuj Matiw
bjJ bfhs nghnwh.
ghit
bfhLfgl glfUJ nfhzf, iznfhLf kW brFJ
nfhLf Mat fUid id Tj.
fl
mltiz
bfhLfgLs
glfUJ
f,
t.
v
gl UJ flagl
gl
nfhL
JL
A, B,
AB,
BC,
CD,
AD
C kW
D
nfhzf
1 - +BAD
( + A)
2 - +DCB
( + C)
3 - +DBA
4 - +CBD
kW
BD
84
iz
nfhLf
brFJ
nfhLf
AB || DC
BC || AD
AB = AD
AB = BC
BC = CD
CD = AD
brKiw toa
t.
v
gl
gl UJ flagl
nfhL
iz
nfhzf
JL
nfhLf
brFJ
nfhLf
xU fhj jh J AB vw nfhLJL
tiuf.
X
zz
zz
85
maha
zz
zz
go 1 :
go 2 : A
go 3 : B
bfhLfgl
mss
AB nfhLJL tiuf.
I ikakhf bfhL
AB s ghF
nk Xnu MuKs f,
AB nfhoF nkY, G
mikkhW tiuf.
I ikakhf bfhL
mnj MuKs uL
tlf
tiuf.
mit
Kija
tl
fis P kW Q f
btLwd.
86
brKiw toa
go 4 : PQ
I nr. PQ MdJ
AB I O btLwJ
vf.
P Q
MdJ
AB
ikaFJnfhL MF.
f:
xU nfhLJo
ikaFJ nfhlhdJ
mnfho rk mR MF.
bfhLfgl xU nfhLJoF
xF nkgl ikaFJ
nfhLf Uf Kokh?
vLJfhL 4.1
go 1 : AB = 8 br. mss
nfhLJL tiuf.
8 br.
go 2 : A I ikakhf bfhL
AB s ghF
nk Xnu MuKs
tlf,AB
nfhoF nkY, G
mikkhW tiuf.
87
maha
f!
nkfl tiuj OA = OB = OC = OD vW UFkhW B kW
D fis ikaFJ nfho J Ff. A, B, C kW D
fis tirahf nrf. wF
zz OA kW OB ff x J xW
gokhW O vw tahf jhid
koJ xU ko nfhoid VgLj.
88
brKiw toa
zz jhid j wF UF ko
nfhoid OC vf. msJ ghj + AOC
kW + BOC Ma nfhzf rkkhf csd.
zz Mifah, jh ko nfhL OC MdJ
bfhLfgl nfhzij U rkghffshf
wJ .
zz j ko nfhL + AOB rknfhL MF.
zz j rknfhL + AOB nfhz Urk bto MF.
bfhLfgl xU nfhz, nfhz Urk bto vgJ
mnfhzij U rk ghffshf F rk nfhL MF.
bfhLfgl
nfhzij
cUthF U ffis
tiuf.
go 2 : O
I ikakhf bfhL
VnjD
xU
MuKs
tlyhdJ, nfhz
ffis A kW B vw
f btLkhW tiuf.
go 3 : A I ikakhf bfhL, AB
s ghF nk MuKs
tliy
nfhz
cwkhf tiuf.
89
maha
go 4 : B
I ikakhf bfhL,
mnj MuKs tl
Kija tliy C
btLkhW tiuf.
go 5 : OC
I nrf. OC MdJ
bfhLfgl nfhz
nfhz Urk bto MF.
vLJfhL 4.2
+ AOB = 80 mss nfhz tiuJ mj Urk btoia mikf.
:
go 1 : ghifkhia gagL O
vw + AOB = 80
mss nfhz mikf.
go 2 : O
I ikakhf bfhL
VnjD xU MuKs tl
OA kW OB tiw Kiwna
X,Y f btLkhW tiuf.
go 3 : X
I ikakhf bfhL
XY s ghF
nk MuKs tliy
nfhz cwkhf tiuf.
90
brKiw toa
go 4 : YI
g 4.1
91
maha
tufis ifahSj
5.1 mKf
tufis ifahSj vgJ a xU gFahF. a
vw brh nll vw y brhUJ tjjhF. a vgJ
ma rhj vf (science of numbers). mj vfis F tufnshL
nrJ xlgLwJ. mjhtJ
bjhFfglhj tuf
xU tF cs khztf xU fjnj bgw kbgfis
Kj nrfj bjhF MF. Mug iy cs j nrfig mnj
to tHdh mit bjhFfglhj tuf MF.
bjhFfglhj tu vgJ brKiwgLjglhj kW tifgLjglhj
tu MF.
bjhFfgl tuf
y rkaf bjhFfglhj tuf nrf vif
bgajhf mnj iy ekF vjj bria btgLjhjjhf
Ufyh. tuf f bgajhf UFnghbjyh eh mtiw
fUJsthW tifgL d gFjh bra ntoUwJ.
tuf, FGf myJ f vd gLjgoUjh mit
bjhFfgl tuf MF.
tufis nrfj
Mug iy MF
bjhlilajhf UfntL.
nrffgl
92
tuf
njitF
tufis ifahSj
Kj iy tu
vLJfhlhf, VHh tF Ma U. ndh
vgt khztfis gRWyh miHJbry
lLwh. mt khztf Ugnfg
cfSila
U l
tgtflUJ
cfsh
aw
t u f i s
nrff.
Matiw g nfwh.
itaidF mt tufis khztflUJ neilahf
nrfjh. jkhf tuf nrfgij Kj iy tu vnwh.
(i) taJ, (ii) tUkhd, (iii) cau kW (iv) vil vgd khfSfhd
y vLJfhLfshF.
fbt
eh g khztf cauij msngh. 140br.. vw cau
gyKiw tUtjF th cL. eh mj cau vjid jlit tUwJ vW
fzLnth. Jnt 140 br.l fbt MF.
xU Fl k L L vjid jlitf tUwnjh mj
vif mj k fbt MF.
R
xU Fl tu fbga kF fa kF ilna
cs ahrij R vnwh.
vLJfhL 5.1
xU tFgiw cs 20
bfhLfgLsd.
120, 122, 127, 112, 129, 118, 130, 132, 120, 115
124, 128, 120, 134, 126, 110, 132, 121, 127, 118.
F fa k 110 br.. kW fbga k 134 br..
R = fbga k fa k
= 134 110 = 24
93
maha
kW ilbtf
ilbt mfy
xU ilbt nk viyF viyF ilna cs
ahr milbt ms myJ mfy vW miHfgLwJ.
nkTa vLJ fhL 5.1 ilbt ms (mfy) 115 - 110 = 5.
eh ilbtia mfjh vifia Fiwfyh.
uLjkhd ilbtf csd. mit
(i) nk viy nrJbfhsgl tot
(ii) nk viy nrJbfhsglhj tot
nenfhL Ff
tufis ifahSj
V kig IJ nenfhL Ff bjhF xiw tiuJ, uL
nenfhL Ffis F bfhLJs go |||| || Ff.
fbt goa
_W
ufis
bfhl
mltiz
_y
tuf
jugLsd.
mltiz
Kj
u
v,
ulh
u
nenfhL Ff kW _wh u fbt vw _W
jiyfis bfhl mltizia fbt goa vnwh.
(mltiz 5.3 I ghf)
khf k ilbt Ujh mj fbtfis
mjj ilbtF vnu Fjh ekF fgut ilF. midJ
fbtfis To, TLjiy bkhjF neuhf fbtuYF Hhf
Ff ntL. TLjyhdJ bfhLfgl tuf bkhj vifF
rkkhf UF. nkny Ta Kiw mikF mltizia tufis
mltizgLJj vnwh.
bghGJ vLJfhL 5.1 cs tufis mltizgLjyh.
ilbtf
nenfhL Ff
fbt
110 - 114
||
115 - 119
|||
120 - 124
|||| |
125 - 129
||||
130 - 134
||||
bkhj
20
mltiz 5.1
ilbtf
nenfhL Ff
fbt
110 - 115
||
115 - 120
|||
120 - 125
|||| |
125 - 130
||||
130 - 135
||||
bkhj
20
mltiz 5.2
95
maha
5, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2
1, 5, 1, 3, 2, 1, 5, 3, 3, 2.
:
nkny cs tufUJ, eh 1, 2, 3, 4 kW 5 vw vf L
L tUtij fhzyh. Mjyh 1, 2, 3, 4 kW 5 vw vfis v vw
u xw xwhf vGj.
bghGJ vfis xw xwhfgoJ, mj vQF neuhf,
nenfhL Ff vw u xU nenfhL Fia Lf. nj Kiw
fil v tU tiu Ff. 1, 2, 3, 4 kW 5 vw vfSF vuhf cs
nenfhL Ffis To, TLjiy fbt u Ff. midJ
fbtfis To, TLjiy bkhjF vuhf vGj.
v
1
2
3
4
5
nenfhLFf
||||
||||
||||
||
||||
bkhj
fbt
5
4
5
2
4
20
mltiz 5.3
bfhLJs tufSF fbt goa mikF bghGJ, eh
ftd bfhs ntoait
(i)
(iii) f
25, 67, 78, 43, 21, 17, 49, 54, 76, 92, 20, 45, 86, 37, 35
60, 71, 49, 75, 49, 32, 67, 15, 82, 95, 76, 41, 36, 71, 62
96
tufis ifahSj
= 95 15 = 80
9 fis mj ilbt 10 UFkhW njbjLf 10 - 20,
20 - 30,g ,90 - 100- F fbtgoa nH bfhLfgLsJ.
ilbtf
10 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 60
60 - 70
70 - 80
80 - 90
90 - 100
nenfhLFf
||
|||
||||
||||
||
||||
|||| |
||
||
bkhj
fbt
2
3
4
5
2
4
6
2
2
30
mltiz 5.4
vLJfhL 5.4
xU Fl bjhiyfh ffis ghF kf taJ nH
bfhLfgLsJ. mjF bjhl fbt goaiy jahf.
ilbt
taJ
egf
vif
10 -19
20 -29
30 - 39
40 - 49
50 - 59
60 - 69
45
60
87
52
25
12
97
maha
:
j mltiz ilbtf ilna ilbtf csd.
Mfnt eh fis kh vGbfhnth.
Kj nk viyF ulh viyF cs
ahr = 20 19 = 1
ahrij 2 M tFf.
x = 1 = 0.5
2
bghGJ 0.5I viyUJ fJ kW 0.5I nk viy
nrf. bghGJ ekF bjhFfgl tufSF bjhl fbt
goaiy cikahd viyUJ bgwyh.
ilbtf (taJ)
fbt
(egf vif)
9.5 - 19.5
45
19.5 - 29.5
60
29.5 - 39.5
87
39.5 - 49.5
52
49.5 - 59.5
25
59.5 - 69.5
12
mltiz 5.5
g 5.1
1. rahd ilia njbjLf
i) bfhLJs tuf fbga kF fa kF
cs ahr
(A) fbt
(D) R
ii) khztf nj tha kbgf 65, 97, 78, 49, 23, 48, 59, 98 v
tuf R
(A) 90
(B) 74
(C) 73
(D) 75
(C) 20
(D) 21
iii) Kj 20 a vf R
(A) 18
(B) 19
(A) 30
(M) 20
(C) 25
(D) 10
v) ilbt 50 - 60 nk viy
(A) 50
(B) 60
(C) 10
98
(D) 55
tufis ifahSj
2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 3, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2
4, 5, 1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4.
15, 25, 22, 20, 18, 15, 23, 17, 19, 12, 21, 26, 30
19, 17, 14, 20, 21, 24, 21, 16, 22, 20, 17, 14
6. 30
khztf
fjnj
bfhLfgLsJ.
tha
kbgf
45, 35, 60, 41, 8, 28, 31, 39, 55, 72, 22, 75, 57, 33, 51
76, 30, 49, 19, 13, 40, 88, 95, 62, 17, 67, 50, 66, 73, 70
nH
24 - 26
27 - 29
30 - 32
33 - 35
36 - 38
10
14
2 -4
5-7
8 - 10
11 - 13
14 - 16
29
41
36
27
12
99
maha
id bfhf!
1.
100
ilf
ilf
maha - 1
g 1.1
1. i) D
ii) B
iii) C
iv)
2. i) 0
ii) 5
iii) 5
iv)
3. i) 6
ii) 25
iii) 651
iv)
vii) 25
viii) 25
ix) 42
x)
xiii) 1440 xiv) 256
xv) 6000 xvi)
4. i) 135
ii) 16
iii) 182
iv)
5. ` 645
6. 75 kbg
B
0
316 v) 0
vi)
24 xi) 1890 xii)
10800
800 v) 1
vi)
7. `1500
1320
1890
0
8. `240
g 1.2
1. i) D
2. i) 5
vii) 1
3. i) 20
4. 5
ii)
ii)
viii)
ii)
A
10
2
20
iii)
iii)
ix)
iii)
C
4
2
400
iv) A
iv) 1
x) 6
v) 6
vi) 9
v) 14
3
vi) 20
v) 288
vi) 16
g 1.3
1. i) 24
5
77
vii)
4
2. i) 14
ii) 9
7
iii) 2
iv) 3
viii) 10
ix) 8
x) 24
ii) 63
iii) 16
iv) 25
vii) 9
viii) 70
ix) 25
x) 50
iii) 9 3
5
iv) 64 2
7
v) 52 1
2
vi) 85 1
2
iv) 7
18
iv) 9
16
iv) 20 1
8
v) 1
vi) 2
63
vi) 48
35
3. i) 26 1
4
4. 4 l.
ii) 19 4
5
g 1.4
1. i) 1
2. i) 22
27
3. i) 2 4
15
4. 55 .
iii)
ii) 7
12
ii) 1
iii)
5
ii) 4 29 iii)
40
5. 12 1 k
4
7
12
1
4
7 1
2
101
v) 9
2
v) 59 13
16
ilf
g 1.5
1. i) 7
5
ii) 9
4
5
vii) 13
viii)
7
2. i) 1
ii) 1
15
54
8
35
3. i)
ii)
5
36
4. 21 Uilf
iii) 7
10
iv) 4
9
v) 2
33
vi) 9
iii) 1
iv) 1
6
12
7
iii) 4
iv) 1 11
12
16
5. 40 ./k
g 1.6
1. i) A
ii) C
iii) B
iv) D
2. i) - 20 , - 19 , - 18 , - 17
15
15
15
15
ii) 7 , 6 , 5 , 4
6 6 6 6
iii) 48 , 47 , 46 , 45
28 28 28 28
3. i) - 3
4
ii) - 3
8
iii) - 3
5
iv) - 5
3
v) - 1
2
1. i) C
ii) C
iii) D
iv) D
2. i) 18
5
ii) 24
13
iii) 2
iv) - 12
13
viii) 3
ix) 24
7
x) - 13
30
ii) 4
iii) - 9
44
iv) - 5
16
viii) - 41
60
ix) - 1
27
x) 1
12
4. i) 2
35
ii) 1
4
iii) 19
12
iv) 3
2
v) - 43
28
5. i) 4 7
11
ii) 3 1
2
iii) 1 7
11
iv) 5 3
4
v) 1 17 vi) 4 7
40
132
5. i, iv, v
g 1.7
vii) - 43
21
3. i) 1
vii) - 69
26
vii) 6 41 viii) 3 7
42
210
6. 7
4
7. 4
5
8. 13 17 ..
20
9. 18 3 .. 10. 3 9 ..
4
10
102
v) 13
3
vi) 19
42
v) 23
20
vi) 1
ilf
g 1.8
1. i) C
ii) B
iii) A
iv) A
2. i) - 72
25
ii) - 35
169
iii) - 7
24
iv) - 12
11
3. i) - 15
4
ii) 5
iii) 26 98 iv) 66 44
125
375
4. i) 16
81
ii) - 3
2
iii) - 8
7
iv) 9 3
43
5. 9
7
6. 3
2
v) 20
vi) 2
9
v) 45
28
g 1.9
1. i) C
ii) C
iii) A
iv) C
2. i) 2.1
ii) 40.5
iii) 17.1
iv) 82.8
v) 0.45
vi) 1060.15
ix) 10.34
xii) 0.00125
iii) 4567
vi) 17140
vii) 2.58
viii) 1.05
xiii) 2.108
xiv) 0.0312
3. i) 14
ii) 46.8
vi) 478
4. 51.5 br. 2 5. 756 ..
g 1.10
1. i) A
ii) B
iii) C
iv) B
2. i) 0.3
ii) 0.09
iii) 1.16
iv) 10.8
v) 196.3
3. i) 0.68
ii) 4.35
iii) 0.09
iv) 4.43
4. i) 0.056
ii) 0.007
v) 0.437
5. i) 0.0089
ii) 0.0733
iii) 0.04873
iv) 0.1789
v) 0.0009
vi) 0.00009
6. i) 2
ii) 160
iii) 12.5
iv) 8.19
7. 23 .
8. 10.5 . 9. jff 9
v) 2
vi) 3.04
vi) 0.7873
vi) 35
g 1.11
1. i) A
ii) A
iii) C
iv) C
2. i) 256
ii) 27
iii) 1331
iv) 1728
v) 28561 vi) 0
3. i) 76
ii) 15
iii) 106
iv) b5
v) 22a4
vi) (1003)3
4. i) 23 33
ii) 35
iii) 54
iv) 210
v) 55
vi) 105
5. i) 45
ii) 26
iii) 32
iv) 56
v) 27
vi) 47
103
ilf
6. i) 52 22
v) 22 3 79
vi) 27 51
7. i) 200000
iii) 2025
ii) 0
iv) 2 1 3 1 1131
iv) 1296
v) 9000000000
vi) 0
8. i) 125
ii) 1
iii) 72
ii)
ii)
ii)
ii)
iii)
iii)
iii)
iii)
iv)
iv)
iv)
iv)
g 1.12
1.
2.
3.
4.
i) B
i) 312
i) 54
i) 312
A
a12
a4
220
C
75 + x
1010
220
C
107
4 2
1
v) 59
v) 30 = 1
v) 520
maha - 2
g 2.1
1. (i) A
(ii) D
(iii) D
(iv) B
(v) C
(v) 5y 8
4. 3, 4, 9
5. (i) y2 x, bfG = y2. (ii) x , bfG = 1.
(iii) zx, bfG = z. (iv) 5xy2, bfG = 5y2.
6. (i) my2, bfG = m. (ii) 6y2, bfG = 6.
(iii) 9xy2, bfG = 9x.
g 2.2
1. (i) B
(ii) D
(iii) D
(iv) D
(v) A
3. (i) 2
4. (i) 10
5. (i) 21
(ii) 2
(ii) 10
(ii) 34
(iii) 3
(iii) 11
(iii) 82
(iv) 4
(v) 2
(ii) B
(iii) A
(iv) D
(v) A
g 2.3
1. (i) C
3. (i) 2ab
(ii) 2s + t (iii) 3a 2b + 2p + 3q
(iv) 5a 5b + 4 (v) 2x + 2y 2
(vi) 7c + 4 (vii) 3m2n + 5mn 4n2 + 4
104
ilf
4. (i) 8a
(ii) 7a2b
(v) 5n 2mn + 3m
(viii) s2 6s 4
(iii) 11x2y2
(iv) 2xy + 16
(vi) 5p 15p2
(vii) 8m2 6m 12
(ix) 9n2 10mn 9m2
(ii) 9p 2q 6
7. 16x + 12
9. 7x 8 l
(iii) 4x 3y + 9
11. 2m2 + 5m + 10
maha - 3
g 3.1
1. (i) B
(ii) C
(iii) A
(iv) C
(v) A
(ii) B
(iii) D
(iv) B
(v) D
2. (i) 90
(ii) 90
(iii) 180
3. (i) 90, 4
(iv) 360, 1
(ii) B
(v) D
(iv) 180
4. 45, 8
g 3.3
1. (i) A
(iii) C
(iv) D
(ii) 100
(iii) 110
(iv) 120
(v) 135
(ii) 110
(iii) 20
(iv) 80
(v) 36
(vi) 45
7. y = 120; x = 60 8. x = 25
maha - 5
g 5.1
1. (i) D
(ii) D
(iii) B
(iv) B
105
(v) B
ilf
106