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Computed by Capt Farhat N Siddiqui
Description
About Exit
Hijrah Calendar
The Hijrah calendar presented below is based on the concept of ‘Conjunction’.
Conjunction occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth and the
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center of the Sun, the center of Moon and the center of Earth are in “ONE
PLANE”. The Conjunction marks the end of the Hijrah month. The next Hijrah
month commences on the “next DAY” of the “Conjunction DAY”. For example, if
the Conjunction occurred on Thursday, the next month begins on Friday. It is
important to note that, for the commencement of the new month the “time of
Conjunction” is not the criterion and should not be applied. This is important as
the calculation of the time of the day is totally and independently governed by the
rotation of the Earth and the consequent apparent position of the sun in relation to
a particular spot on Earth. To simplify, an observer on Earth divides his day and
sets his clock on the basis of the Sun in relation to his Midnight Meridian.
Conjunction dates and times (UT) are tabulated in Nautical Almanacs and websites
for the entire year or years in advance.
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In the calendar below the “Day of Conjunction” is used for the purpose of
termination of the current Hijrah month. The Universal Time (UT) of Conjunction is
used to calculate the Ground Position (GP) of the moon at the time of Conjunction.
Ground Position (GP) of the Moon: The Ground Position (GP) can be defined as the
point on the surface of the Earth through which a line joining the center of the
Earth and the center of the Moon passes. For every Conjunction, the Ground
Position (GP) on the world globe is marked by a Red marker and the exact Ground
Position (GP) by Latitude and Longitude is mentioned in the text below the globe in
red.
The Globe: The purpose of the Globe is to demonstrate that over the 12 months of
the lunar (Hijrah) year, Conjunction can appear at any spot and is thus, applicable
world wide as there is only one Conjunction in one lunar (Hijrah) month.
Moon Phases : The various phases of the Moon along with the Hijrah month dates
are just for the purpose of demonstrating the waxing and the waning cycle of the
moon in a Hijrah month. It shows a regular pattern which is typical for a 29 day
month and also typical for 30 day month at a particular location on the Earth. In
this calendar the pattern is for Makkah.
Please note, the shape of these phases will not be applicable world wide as each place will
have its own pattern. Brother Ali Manikfan has been making observations for the last 40
years from South India and the Maldives Islands and by looking at the Moon on a particular
day is able not only to advise the date of that particular Hijrah month but also is able to
indicate if that particular month will be a 29 day month or 30 day month.
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only possible for a Hijrah Calendar as this is the only lunar calendar which has
remained unchanged since its inception.
I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to Brother Ali Manikfan, my teacher for
the inspiration and guidance provided through his website ‘Hijrahcalendar.com’.
The information, which he has conveyed through his website is unique and eye-
opening.
Almost by accident we were introduced to the most sought personality in Saudi
Arabia and in the astronomy world, that is Dr. Fadhl Noor Ahmed. He obtained his
Ph. D. in Astronomy from UK and is responsible for setting up the Department of
Astronomy in Saudi Arabia. He has many firsts to his credit which include but not
limited to, the installation of the first telescope in Saudi Arabia, prepared 1300 to
1429 Hijra Calendar based on conjunction principle, calculation of Prayer times,
etc. etc. the list continues. He is responsible for correcting our definition of the
Iconjunction,
must convey which is reflected
my sincere thanks toin
Br.this edition of
Abdullateef 1431H
who Calendar.
actually introduced Br. Manikfan and
the Conjunction concept to me.
Last but not the least I must thank Br. Khalid Shaukat for his painstaking efforts on the
‘moonsighting.com’ site. Besides providing unique crescent visibility diagrams, the site also
contains much more valuable information.
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My colleagues Syed Mutaharuddin Haqqani, Hani M. Al
Sangedy and Mohamed Zia Ul Haq must be congratulated for
their sincere efforts and assistance in the production of this
calendar.
I will be grateful to the readers and viewers for their
comments and corrections of errors/omissions if any.
May Allah be kind to us all.
Wassalam
Capt Farhat N Siddiqui
Main Menu
CONJUNCTION : - Month of Muhharram (1) – 1431H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Safar (2) – 1431H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Rabiual Auwwal (3) – 1431H
The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 02˚19.3΄N,
Long 134˚52.6΄ W.
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Rabiuth-Thani (4) – 1431 H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Jamadul Awwal (5) –
1431H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Jamadul Thani (6) – 1431H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Rajab (7) – 1431 H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Shaban (8) – 1431 H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Ramadan (9) – 1431 H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Shawwal (10) – 1431 H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Dhul Qadah (11) – 1431 H
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CONJUNCTION : - Month of Dhul Hajjah (12) – 1431 H
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