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sewerage structures (e.g. manholes or tunnel sewers in this Part 1, or sewage pumping
stations in Part 2). Starting from 2015, the use of EC and UK NA cum local
guidance/documents as appropriate will become mandatory. The following design standards,
or their latest versions, are to be adopted, except otherwise stated:
Design Elements/Loads

Design Standards

Imposed loads

Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed

Loads, BD

Traffic loads

Structures Design Manual for Highways

and Railways, HyD

Wind load

Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong

Kong

Reinforced concrete structures

BS EN 1990 and BS EN 1992 (in general)

Pumping station

BS EN 1992 (superstructure) and BS

EN 1992-3 (substructure)

Tunnel lining

BS EN 1992-3 (liquid retaining

properties) and GEO Manuals,
Guidelines and Publications
(geotechnical)

Manholes (other than standard

manholes in DSD standard drawings)

BS EN 1992-3

Foundation
-

Deep and shallow foundations

Code of Practice for Foundations, BD

(structural design) and GEO Manuals,
Guidelines and Publications
(geotechnical design)

Reinforced concrete design for raft

and pile cap

BS EN 1992

Earth retaining structures

Guide to Retaining Wall Design, GEO

Recommended design parameters for concrete and steel reinforcement are given in
Table 15.

1.4

REQUIREMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY

The areas of concern on top of economic, social and environmental aspects for
sustainability in the design of sewerage are energy requirement and odour control. They are
closely related to the size of the network.