Doc.: IEEE 802.

15-01/448r0

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area

Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: Trellis Coding for QPSK, 16/32/64-QAM Transmission modes
Date Submitted: 12 October 2001
Source: Jeyhan Karaoguz
Address: Broadcom Corporation, 16215 Alton Parkway, Irvine, CA 92619
Voice: 949 585 6168
E-Mail: jeyhan@broadcom.com
Re:
Abstract: This proposal describes an 8-State Trellis Code suitable for QPSK, 16/32/64-QAM
transmission modes delivering 11, 33, 44, 55 Mbps.
Purpose:
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s)
the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the
property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15

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Signal Constellations
64-QAM TCM (55 Mbit/s)
32-QAM TCM (44 Mbit/s)

16-QAM TCM (33 Mbit/s)

QPSK (22 Mbit/s uncoded,

11 Mbit/s coded )

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QPSK, 16/32/64-QAM Set Partitioning

16, 32, 64-QAM Set
Partitioning

8d

D0

2d

D4

4d

D2

D6

QPSK Set
Partitioning

D0

D1

D5

D1

D3

D2

D3

D7

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8-State Multi-Rate TCM Encoder

Symbol Selection
from Subsets
b4

64-QAM

b3
b2

32-QAM

1,3,4,5
bits/symbol

b1

16-QAM
(=0 for QPSK)

bo

QPSK
Subset
Selection
(D0,,D7)

QPSK, 16/32/64 QAM TCM

Mode Selection

2-D Output
to Pulse Shaping
Filter

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Trellis State Transitions for 16,32,64QAM

D0 D2 D4 D6
D5 D7 D1 D3
D2 D0 D6 D4
D7 D5 D3 D1
D4 D6 D0 D2
D1 D3 D5 D7
D6 D4 D2 D0
D3 D1 D7 D5

Minimum distance error event occurs between code sequences D0-D0-D0 and D2-D1-D6
Squared Euclidean distance between these sequences: 2d2+d2+2d2 = 5d2
Approximate coding gain: 10log(5/2) = 4 dB

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Trellis State Transitions for QPSK

S0

D0 D2

S1

D1 D3

S2

D2 D0

S3

D3 D1

S4

D0 D2

S5

D1 D3

S6

D2 D0

S7

D3 D1

Minimum distance error event occurs between code sequences: D0-D0-D0-D0 and D2-D1-D0D2
Squared Euclidean distance between these sequences: 2d2+ d2+ 0+ 2d2
Approximate coding gain: 10log(5/2) = 4 dB (compared to uncoded BPSK)

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Optimal 8-State Multi-Rate TCM

Encoder

Symbol Selection
from Subsets
b4

64-QAM

b3
b2

32-QAM

1,3,4,5
bits/symbol

b1

16-QAM
(=0 for QPSK)

bo

QPSK
Subset
Selection
(D0,,D7)

QPSK, 16/32/64 QAM TCM

Mode Selection

2-D Output
to Pulse Shaping
Filter

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Optimal Trellis State Transitions for

QPSK

D0 D2
D1 D3
D2 D0
D3 D1
D0 D2
D1 D3
D2 D0
D3 D1

Minimum distance error event occurs between code sequences: D0-D0-D0-D0-D0 and D2-D1-D3-D0D2
Squared Euclidean distance between these sequences: 2d2+ d2+ d2+ 0+ 2d2
Approximate coding gain: 10log( 6/3) = 4.8 dB (compared to uncoded BPSK)

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Receiver Sensitivity
Receiver Sensitivity:

AWGN14 MHz BW + Noise Figure (15 dB) + SNR10-5 BER

-68 dBm for 64-QAM TCM, 55 Mbit/sec
-71 dBm for 32-QAM TCM, 44 Mbit/sec
-74 dBm for 16-QAM TCM, 33 Mbit/sec
-75 dBm for QPSK (uncoded), 22 Mbit/sec
-78 dBm for BPSK (uncoded), 11 Mbit/sec
-82 dBm for QPSK-TCM (optimal code), 11 Mbit/sec

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Comparison of SNR Requirements

Operating at 10-5 BER
22 Mbps uncoded QPSK modulation requires 12.6 dB SNR
11 Mbps uncoded BPSK modulation requires 9.6 dB SNR
11 Mbps QPSK-TCM modulation requires 5.5 dB SNR

When uncoded QPSK operates at 10-5 BER

11 Mbps uncoded BPSK achieves 10-9 BER
11 Mbps QPSK-TCM achieves 10-21 BER

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Header and Payload Coding

22, 33, 44, 55 Mbps (QPSK, 16/32/64-QAM TCM) Transmission Modes
Header (MAC+PHY)
QPSK

Payload
QPSK, 16/32/64-QAM TCM

11 Mbps QPSK-TCM Transmission Mode

Repeat
Header (MAC+PHY) Header (MAC+PHY)
QPSK

QPSK-TCM

Payload
QPSK-TCM

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Conclusions
Use of QPSK-TCM for 11 Mbps transmission mode

allows the same signal constellation used in the base

QPSK mode
No mention of BPSK signalling, constellation, EVM spec, etc.

Same 8-State TCM code is used for transmission

modes 11, 33, 44, 55 Mbps

QPSK-TCM achieves 4 dB more coding gain

compared to 11 Mbps uncoded BPSK modulation

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References
Channel Coding with Multilevel/Phase Signals, G. Ungerboeck,
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, January 1982