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The six peace principles

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Genuine desire to make a lasting peace.

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Commitment to peace agreements.

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Abstaining from taking unfair advantages from the peace

agreement.

4.

Not to put burdens on local people.

5.

Strict adherence to existing laws.

6.

Cooperation in democratic reform processes based on

the 2008 State Constitution, Our Three Main National
Causes, and the essence of democracy.

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18 Knowledge & Science News

13-7-2015

A wonderful train ride

dge

le
Know

t 4 am sharp before the sun

comes out the northeastbound up-train starts leaving Mandalay railway station the second
busiest rail network in Myanmar
after its counterpart in Yangon in the
darkness and enters into one of the
must do railway journeys of the
world. Many parts of the railroad that
ends in Lashio not far from the Chinese
border in the northern Shan State are
the magnificent accomplishment of
British engineering. In fact, the British
after annexing upper Myanmar built
the Mandalay-Lashio railroad with
the aim of putting local chieftains
under their control through trade
and administration.
The train after travelling several
miles eastward started climbing up
the table mountains which we call
the Shan plateau. Ascending through
a chain of zigzags up the steep
mountain slope the train reaches the
top where Pyin Oo Lwin (formally
known as Maymyo) lies. The view
of the plains at the mountain foot
during the train going backward and
forward slowly along the zigzagging
tracts is so much spectacular. As
the train goes up higher, the sunrise
view of the plains becomes broader
with everything becoming smaller
and smaller.
After a short travel on the mountain
top the train reaches Pyin Oo Lwin,

Hsipaw seen from afar.

a hill station with many names,

and renowned for its waterfalls,
fair weather, serenity, flowers and
beauty. The town was once the
summer seat of the colonial rulers.
So, one- or two-day stay in Pyin Oo
Lwin is recommendable.
The train leaves Pyin Oo Lwin
after stopping there for about 15 minutes, and continues its mountainous
journey winding through the pleasant
landscape till reaching Nawngpeng

a small market town in Shan State.

Later the train stops for a while
at Gokteik station in Nawnghkio
township before starting to cross
over the legendary Gokteik viaduct
spanning a deep gorge under it. The
Gokteik viaduct was designed and
fabricated by the Pennsylvania Steel
Company of America. When built
in 1901, it had the highest span of
any bridge in the British Empire,
and was the only American-built

Seas could rise 6 metres

even IF governments curb
global warming

Florida July 12
Sea levels could rise by at
least six metres (20 feet) in the
long term, swamping coasts
from Florida to Bangladesh,
even if governments achieve
their goals for curbing global
warming, according to a study
published on Thursday.

P-18.indd 1

Tracts of ice in Greenland

and Antarctica melted when
temperatures were around or
slightly higher than today
in ancient thaws in the past
three million years, a U.S.-led
international team wrote in
the journal Science.
And the world may be

headed for a repeat even if

governments cut greenhouse
gas emissions to limit global
warming to a United Nations
goal of 2 degrees Celsius
(3.6 Fahrenheit) above preindustrial times.
Present temperature targets
may commit Earth to at least
six metres sea level rise, the
authors at the Past Global
Changes project wrote. Some
greenhouse gases can linger for
centuries in the atmosphere.
Such a thaw would threaten
cities from Beijing to London,
and swamp low-lying tropical
island states.
Lead author Andrea Dutton,
of the University of Florida, said
it could take many centuries for
a six-metre rise, despite some
ancient evidence that more
rapid shifts were possible.
Mail Online

bridge in the Empire. Stretching

2,260 feet (689 meters) from end to
end, the viaduct has 14 towers that
span 40 feet (12 meters) along with
a double tower 80 feet (24 meters)
long. These 15 towers support 10
deck truss spans of 120 feet (37
meters) along with six plate girder
spans 60 feet (18 meters) long and
an approach span of 40 feet (12
meters). Many sources have put
the height of the bridge at 820 feet

(250 meters). This is supposedly a

measurement to the river level as it
flows underground through a tunnel
at the point it passes underneath the
trestle. The true height of the bridge
as measured from the rail deck to
the ground on the downstream side
of the tallest tower is 335 feet (102
meters).
After experiencing the most
breathtaking moment at the bridge,
the train carries on its journey to
Kyaukme, a business town and one
of the major stopovers of the route.
Another major stopover is
Hsipaw, a rustic town on the bank of
Duthawadi. It was once the seat of
the local chieftains. Another stunning view of Mandalay-Lashio line
is the Mansam falls that is located
in the deep jungle between Hsipaw
and Lashio.
After travelling for about 11 hours
the train arrives at its destination
Lashio, the largest major town in
northern Shan State, that is becoming
a popular tourist spot. Lashio itself
has many attractions including natural
hot springs, Thatana (Sasana) 2500
pagoda, Mansu Shan monastery,
QuanYinShang Chinese temple,
central market, Linnoe (bat) cave,
YanTineAung Pagoda. Besides, it
is on the way to Chinese border.
Anyhow, the journey from Mandalay
to Lashio will be a wonderful and
memorable train ride for every
Nadi Naing
passenger.

Battle of the sexes in the

workplace: Men feel threatened
by female bosses and act more
aggressively as a result,
study claims
Milan July 12
Female bosses make men
feel threatened and this fear
can even trigger a power struggle, new research has claimed.
Having a woman supervisor or manager causes men to
become more assertive compared to if their boss was a
man.
Even men who believe in
gender equality feel their
masculinity is under threat, the
study by Bocconi University
in Milan said.
And because the concept
of masculinity is embedded
within societies, changing
men's behaviour may prove
impossible, experts warned.
While more women have

gained senior positions within

organisations, there still exists
a glass ceiling to the most
senior management positions
in the US. But women increasingly occupy lower and middle
management posts.
To combat this, female
bosses may want to appear

more proactive and less

power-seeking to maintain
smooth relationships in the
workplace.
In three experiments,
researchers discovered men
feel more threatened when
they answer to female bosses.
Mail Online

7/12/2015 11:58:11 PM

Local News 19

13-7-2015

One Map
Myanmar in
implementation
process
Yangon July 12
One Map Myanmara Swissbacked project for creation of an
open access spatial database on
land-related information will be
implemented under the management
of central resources management
committee, announced the Ministry
of Environmental Conservation
and Forestry.
A seminar between 25 departments
and teams engaged in establishing
the map, partner organizations
and experts from Switzerland was
held last month and the project
will be funded by Swiss Agency
for Development and Cooperation
(SDC) and Switzerland Embassy
in Myanmar.
Center for Development and
Environment (CDE) and Bern
University from Switzerland will
provide technical assistance with
the project and Land Core Group
will serve as local partner organization.
Outcomes include increased
public availability of quality data,
improved capacities for generating
and analyzing information, and better
evidence for decision-making on
land governance and development
AD Moe
planning.

Finalization of urban cultural heritage

conservation draft law delayed

Yangon city hall includes one of old colonial-era buildings in Myanmar.

Yangon July 12
The urban cultural heritage
conservation draft law for Yangon
has yet to be finalized as related

surveys drag on, said Yangon Heritage Trust, a lobbying group working
for conservation of cultural heritage
in the former capital.

Colonial building restored to former glory

Yangon July 12
A century-old colonial building
on Merchant Street is being repaired,
funded by Tour Gate Mountain.
The director of the construction
project said: The repair work is
funded by Tour Gate Mountain, a

donor organization from Scotland.

It has office in Myanmar. The building will be restored its former
design.
The wiring and drainage will be
replaced completely and structures
added to the original building will

Ministry to help private beekeepers

This photo shows a beekeeping farm in Myanmar.

Yangon July 12
Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries
and Rural Development will provide
those wishing to engage in beekeeping
business with financial and technical
assistance in an effort to boost honey

Page-19(13-7-2015).indd 1

According to the survey of

Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC), the municipality of
Yangon, there are 189 colonial-era

buildings in Yangon.
Daw Shwe Yin Mar Oo, the press
officer of YHT, said: It is true that
there are 198 buildings. But, they
are just on the list and there is no
clear definition of them. The survey
started two years ago and now
it is being done in suburban townships.
Around 30 percent of colonialera buildings in downtown Yangon
has been changed some what since
1990s to tune to the urbanizations as YHT is seeking ways to
restore them into their former
glory now.
We need to learn how historic, big
and splendid a building is before it
is handed over to private companies
(to use for commercial purpose). If
we are to renovate a building, we
need to systematically draw a plan,
said Daw Shwe Yin Mar Oo.
Two (or) three years ago, people
are less interested in conserving the
cultural heritage of Yangon, said
H.O
YHT.

production.
The aid is aimed to export increased volume of honey to foreign
markets as Myanmars honey is on
higher demand and fetching good
prices while the production fails to

meet the demand.

Honey also on high demand on
the local market, resulting in fake
honey being sold on the market. The
ministry is planning to take actions
against fake honey producers. Bees
are mainly kept in upper and central
Myanmar.
Varieties of honey products are
exported to China, Japan, India,
South Korea, Thailand and European
countries. Myanmar produces more
than 6,000 tons of honey per year,
of which around 4,500 tons are
exported for foreign markets.
Private sector constitutes just a
small proportion of entire beekeeping industry which is dominated
by the government. The ministry
aims to promote the part of private
sector in beekeeping business by
providing them with essential input.
Soe Moe

also be removed.
The residents of the building
will be allowed to reside in the
building after repair and be taught
about conservation of the building.
We will keep in contact with the
residents even after repair is carried

out and conduct regular checks. We

will also teach the residents dos and
donts, said the director.
The repair is estimated to last
eight months and be complete in
2016.
H.O

Local tour operators suffer from

online package tour sales
Yangon July 12
Tour operators based in foreign
countries are selling Myanmars
tour packages online, said local
tour operators.
Foreign travel agents link with
tour operators and middlemen in
Myanmar and sell package tours to
foreign travelers, which means the
revenues go to those foreign tour
operators, incurring a loss to both
national tour operators and foreign
investors in Myanmars tourism
industry, said local tour agencies.
(Foreign tour operators) selling
tours of Myanmar online cause a
financial loss not only to local travel
agencies but also to the government,
said Daw Thatoe Thuzar Aung, the
managing-director of Authentic
Myanmar Travel & Tours.
As the online sale is not popular

in the country, foreign tour operators

are taking this advantage to sell tour
packages on internet in partnership
with hotels in Myanmar. Local tour
operators are losing their market
shares as a result. There is still no
clear rules and regulations as
regards online selling at present,
said technician Ko Ei Maung.
Local tour operators have
called for collaboration between
the government, technicians and
themselves to prevent foreign-based
tour operators selling tours online,
crying over the underdeveloped
i-banking system in the country.
Technology has just started to
develop in our country. We have yet
to have access to better technology
to prevent such, said Daw Sabe
Aung, managing-director of Nature
Dream Travel & Tours.
443

7/12/2015 11:59:48 PM

20 jynfwGif;owif;

13-7-2015

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