Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mc lc Excel 2010
I.
2.
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S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc ........................... 219
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S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong mun. ..................... 229
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10. Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel ....................................................... 236
11. To mc lc trong Excel ....................................................................................................... 237
Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai sa ti liu,
kch c file...
dng so snh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng di th s
liu ca bn cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp.
- Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc nhau, ng vi
mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi ch n nhm Color Scales, bn hy
ch n mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng ln vng
ch n ca bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch ch n Color Scales >
More Rules.
- Icon Sets: bm ch n Icon Sets, ch n mt nhm biu tng mong mu n, chng trnh s t
ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn tr c quan v bng tnh.
V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh, v du
biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng bo ng. Mi biu tng ng vi mt
mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng ang so
snh v ti n hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m t c
so vi mc chung ca c ct hoc dng.
Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch ch n More Rules trong nhm Icon Sets.
Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh nhng quy lut
nh gi khc bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt
mt thi gian. T t nht bn nn s dng nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y
cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi cc nh dng ch n, xa chng m khng mt d
liu, bn bm Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, ch n mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear
Rules from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct ch n), Entire Sheet (xa trong c sheet), This
Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l).
C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php chng ta to
ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa h c v bt mt. c bit nht l tnh t ng cao,
giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi, sng l c d liu chun xc v c o. Chc
chn khi s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh
ton trong Excel.
PivotTables v PivotCharts
Gi ng nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c th c hin mt cch d dng trong giao din
mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic l c c cung cp cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to
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Ni dung chnh
Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XLSX (d a trn chun XML gip vic trao
i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l
.XLS.
m danh mc cc lnh v
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Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh:
ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng hoc ct, sp
x p, tm ki m, l c d liu,
Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th, k hiu,
Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thi t lp in n.
Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range),
cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel.
Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch d
liu,
Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc thi t
lp bo v bng tnh.
View: Thi t lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh,
Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin, nhng
ngi c hiu bi t v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office Excel Options
Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon.
Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin ch b sung,
cc hm b sung,
S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu)
Khi mu n th c hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh
v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh th c n
hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn ch n.
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Th c n ng cnh
1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s
1.2.1. M Excel
Thao tc:
B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn tri
B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi ch n
Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2010 th dng li.
B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng
khi ng Excel.
Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel
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Thu nh ca s Excel
Thao tc ny ch th c hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt
gc
trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu g n li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh
Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start.
Phng to ca s Excel
Thao tc:
Thao tc ny ch th c hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh
Nhp chut vo biu tng
pha di mn hnh
Thot khi Excel
Thao tc:
Nhp chut vo nt
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a ch v vng
Chn vng
N u dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca
vng cn ch n, sau gi tri chut ko xu ng di qua phi n v tr cu i cng ca vng
v th chut. N u dng phm th sau khi ch n u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn
phm v n cu i ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l
ch n cu i ca vng trc v ko ch n n u tin).
Khi mu n ch n c sheet hin hnh th nhn <Ctrl+A>, cn mu n ch n c workbook (ngha l
ch n tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Select All Sheets.
Sao chp v di chuyn vng
Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d
liu g c cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu g c s c di
di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn trc tin bn phi ch n vng cn sao chp hay
di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut th c hin:
Dng Ribbon: Ch n vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt
(Copy hay Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt
hay
(Paste). Bn
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Chut: Ch n vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl n u l sao chp (khng gi
thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay di chuyn
n v th chut.
Dn c bit (Paste Special)
Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t b nh
vo vi mt s ch n l c no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s dng Paste
Special Sau khi ch n vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n v nhp phi chut,
ch n lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s l a ch n nh bng sau:
M t
All
Formulas
Values
Formats
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Comments
Validation
Column widths
formats
formats
cc con s .
None
Add
Subtract
Multiply
Divide
Skip blanks
Transpose
Paste Link
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t tn vng
Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton nh: vng c
gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l cc a ch n thun, t tn
gip vic tham chi u tnh ton t sai st hn v di chuyn hay ch n cc vng c t tn
rt nhanh chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to F5). Tn di t i a 255 k t khng
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Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng
cch ch n c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi th c hin lnh.
Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao
tc nhanh hn. Mu n thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct
cho xut hin k hiu
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Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)
Ni nhiu thnh mt
Khi n i nhiu thnh mt , n u tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn h t d liu
ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li,
d liu ca cc khc s b xa.
B1. Ch n cc cn n i li.
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu trong
dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.
Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu
Sau khi chuyn n i v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri.
B1. Ch n ang b n i.
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u
c.
1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt
Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cu n d c, thanh cu n ngang, sheet tab,
cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet hay i n cc ni bt k trong bng
tnh.
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang
Thanh cu n d c v thanh cu n ngang c g i chung l cc thanh cu n (scroll bars). Bi v
mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang thao tc, nn ta
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phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun
ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh.
Thanh cu n d c l thanh di nht, nm d c bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln v mi
tn xu ng; gia c thanh trt cu n mn hnh ln xu ng.
Thanh cu n ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh dng
gi ng thanh cu n d c, ch khc l nm ngang.
Thanh cu n ngang
Thao tc:
Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tri cu n mn hnh i sang tri.
Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cu n mn hnh sang phi.
Thanh Sheet tab
di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet tab.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng <Ctrl + Page Up> di chuyn n sheet lin trc sheet hin
hnh v <Ctrl+Page Down> di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet
u tin bn nhp chut v nt
chut vo nt trn thanh
v ch n tn sheet cn n.
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Nhn phm
Di chuyn
hoc Tab
Sang bn phi
Sang bn tri
Ln dng
Xu ng dng
Home
Ctrl + Home
n a ch A1 trong worksheet
Ctrl + End
Alt + Page Up
Page Up
Page Down
F5
M hp thoi Go To
Ctrl + Page Up
M workbook c sn trn a
Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch:
1. Ch n nt Office ch n tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c
t i a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch ny ( iu chnh th
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Lu workbook
t iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh th c hin lnh lu li cng
vic th c hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng t n nhiu thi gian nhng n u
my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton
cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng th c hin lnh lu theo
thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn
ch n nt Office Excel Options Save, sau nh du ch n vo Save
AutoRecover information every
minutes.
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Mt s cch lu workbook:
1. Ch n nt Office Save
2. Nhp chut ln nt
Minh h a lu tp tin
Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca Windows. Tn
tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn tp tin khng
c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > |
bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bi t mt m mi
c php m tp tin (tr nhng cch t o!).
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Dng mt m bo v workbook
Cc ty ch n trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk
trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook), Password to modify
(mt m cp nht ni dung workbook), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c).
ng workbook
Mt s cch ng workbook:
1. Ch n nt Office Close
2. Dng chut ch n nt
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2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp x p, ch n
Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp ch n ln tn sheet trong danh
sch m bn mu n di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau nhn OK.
n/ Hin worksheet
Khi bn khng mu n ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c th n n i.
Khng th n h t cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t nht mt sheet khng b n.
Mu n n sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mu n n v ch n Hide th l sheet
c n. Khi mu n cho hin tr li mt sheet, bn nhp phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v
ch n Unhide sau ch n tn sheet cn cho hin v nhn nt OK.
khc nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh nhiu Tab d dng tham chi u, hay gi c
nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi cu n cc thanh cu n,
S dng thanh Zoom
Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng
tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng to
khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn
vo nt du tr.
Thanh Zoom
Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s
Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mu n xem mt worksheet hay cc worksheet trong
cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt nhn bn xem s c gn
thm ch s pha sau tn tp tin. Ch n nhm View Window New Window
trn bng tnh, sau ch n View Window Split. b khung bng tnh th nhn nt
Split li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln ng chia d c v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca
cc thanh cu n d c v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng
(cng c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mu n chia trn ca s
lm vic ca bng tnh.
Minh h a c nh cc tiu
b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes
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Ca s Watch Window
Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel
2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh
Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s , cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton h c.
Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng
cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh.
Nhp liu
Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm
B1. Trn worksheet, ch n cn nhp liu
B2. Nhp vo con s , chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn
B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xu ng di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn
qua phi) k t thc.
Lu :
N u nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn bn
tng thm chiu rng ct.
Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn.
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V d chn vo
Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng
) v ch n
cc lnh:
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1, 2, 3
4, 5, 6
9:00
Mon
Monday
Jan
Jan, Apr
Jan-99, Apr-99
15-Jan, 15-Apr
15-Jul, 15-Oct
1999, 2000
1-Jan, 1-Mar
Product 1, On backorder
Text1, textA
1st Period
Product 1
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Khi bn mu n in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh cho cc bn
tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Ch n hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill handle v
ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xu ng, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay biu thc s c sao
chp.
2. Ch n cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu n, sau
vo Home nhm Editing Fill ch n hng ph hp (Down, Right, Up,
Left).
T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular trong
phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel ch n Edit Custom Lists hp
thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh sch trong khung List entries,
sau khi nhp xong nhn nt Add thm vo Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s
dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh sch t to ca bn.
Mu n xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn ch n danh sch v nhn nt Delete.
N u mu n hiu chnh danh sch th ch n danh sch v hiu chnh trong List entries,
sau khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add.
S dng chc nng Automatic Completion
Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn gi ng nhau cc c
nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh chu, bt tt bn
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nh dng vn bn v s
Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp
vo hp thoi Format Cells: Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells
nh dng
M t
Tab Number
Category
Sample
Decimal places
Negative numbers
Symbol
Type
Locale (location)
Vertical
Indent
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Orientation
Ch n cc hng ca vn bn trong cc .
Degrees
Shrink to fit
Merge cells
Xc nh trnh t c v canh l
Tab Font
Font
Font style
Size
Underline
Color
Normal font
Effects Strikethrough
Superscript
Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn
Subscript
Lm cho vn bn co li v y xu ng di
Preview
Line
Presets
Color
Ch n mu cho cc ng k
Border
Background Color
More Colors
Pattern Color
Cc mu mu nn
Pattern Style
Locked
Hidden
General
General
Number
Currency
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Accounting
Date
Time
Percentage
Fraction
Scientific
Text
Special
Custom
). N u dng khng t ng m
Xoay ch (Orientation)
B1. Ch n cc cn xoay ch A1:D1
B2. Ch n Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise
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T ng nh dng c iu kin.
Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v s dng
rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo Conditional Formatting trn
ribbon Home. Khi a chut trn nhng l a ch n, bn s thy preview ca n ngay lp tc.
C th gn cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr,
thm mt thanh d liu trong su t phn nh gi tr ca Cch thc ti n hnh ny cho php
n gin hn rt nhiu so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca Excel
2003.
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Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mu n tm trong mc Find What (n u bn
ch n Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mu n tm trong mc Find What v t thay th trong
mc Replace with (n u bn ch n Replace bc trn).
Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty ch n
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt
bng tnh c thi t lp d a trn cc tiu chun.
Sp xp
th c hin mt sp x p theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:
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nh du cc mu n c sp x p
Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home
Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)
Ty chnh sp xp
sp x p nhiu hn mt ct:
Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home
Ch n ct m bn mu n sp x p u tin
Kch Add Level
Ch n ct ti p theo bn mu n sp x p
Kch OK
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Lc d liu
B l c cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b
l c:
Kch vo ct hoc ch n cc ct cha d liu m bn mu n l c
Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter
Kch nt Filter
Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin
Kch Text Filter
Kch Words bn mu n l c
Nhn chut vo y xem
nh g c
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V d v cng thc
Cc ton t trong cng thc
Ton t
Chc nng
V d
Kt qu
Cng
=3+3
3 cng 3 l 6
Tr
=45-4
45 tr 4 cn 41
Nhn
=150*.05
Chia
=3/3
3 chia 3 l 1
Ly tha
=2^4 =16^(1/4)
2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly cn
bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2
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&
N i chui
=L & Thanh
N i chui L v Thanh li
thnh L Thanh
Bng
=A1=B1
>
Ln hn
=A1>B1
<
Nh hn
=A1<B1
>=
Ln hn hoc
=A1>=B1
bng
<=
Nh hn hoc
FALSE
=A1<=B1
bng
<>
Khc
TRUE
=A1<>B1
Du cch cc tham
=Sum(A1,B1)
chi u
:
=Sum(A1:B1)
khong
Tr v cc giao
trng
gia 2 vng
=B1:B6 A3:D3
Tr v gi tr ca
Th t u tin ca cc ton t
Ton t
M t
u tin
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S m (v d 1)
Phn trm
Ly tha
* v /
Nhn v chia
+ v
Cng v tr
&
N i chui
So snh
Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn
sau.
Nhp cng thc v hm
Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mu n nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp
du = v sau l s k t hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s , cc a ch tham chi u v cc hm.
Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c tr n cng thc. Mt iu h t sc lu khi
lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp tr c ti p cc con s , gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn
dng n tham chi u.
V d:
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V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh
tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.
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Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:
=A2*Sheet2!A2
=A2*Thong so!B4
Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n
[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_.
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V d:
=A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
=A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n
=A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m
=A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)
Cc li thng dng
Li
Gii thch
#DIV/0!
Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng
#NAME?
#N/A
#NULL!
#NUM!
#REF!
#VALUE!
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KURT (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc
phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun
LARGE (array, k) : Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu
MAX (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr
MAXA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc
gi tr logic v text
MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s.
MIN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr
MINA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc
gi tr logic v text
MODE (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr
PERCENTILE (array, k) : Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu
PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) : Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong
mt mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu
PERMUT (number, number_chosen) : Tr v hon v ca cc i tng.
QUART LE (array, quart) : Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng trong
kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm...
RANK (number, ref, order) : Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s
SKEW (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca
phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n
SMALL (array, k) : Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s
STDEV (number1, number2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu
STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm c nhng
gi tr logic
STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp
74
STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc
gi tr logic
VAR (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn mu
VARA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v text
VARP (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn ton th tp hp
VARPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc tr
logic v text.
TRIMMEAN (array, percent) : Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch loi
t l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp d liu.
b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut
BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch
ly beta.
BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi
xc sut tch ly beta.
BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) : Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th
thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.
CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) : Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.
CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn
phi chi-squared.
CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range) : Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chisquared v s bc t o tng ng.
CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) : Tnh khong tin cy cho mt kz vng l thuyt
CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha) : Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh thc
tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng ng bo m cc ng dng t cht
lng...
EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) : Tnh phn phi m. Thng ng m phng thi
gian gia cc bin c...
75
FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng
tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng...
FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh nghch o ca phn phi
xc sut F. Thng ng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu
FTEST (array1, array2) : Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng ng xc nh xem
hai mu c cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng...
FISHER (x) : Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng ng kim tra gi thuyt da trn
h s tng quan...
FISHERINV (y) : Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng ng phn tch mi tng
quan gia cc mng s liu...
GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th ng
nghin cu c phn b lch
GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) : Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma.
GAMMLN (x) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma
HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s ln
thnh cng no ...)
LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly
lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST)
LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong
logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev.
NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s) : Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v
xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc sut
khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s)
NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi chun (normal
distribution). Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt
NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun
76
LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng cch dng
phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng thch hp nht vi
d liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun ng hm ny dng cng thc mng.
LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s tnh
ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng ga tr m t
ng cong . Lun ng hm ny dng cng thc mng
PEARSON (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt ch mc
khng th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia
hai tp s liu
RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson (r),
thng qua cc im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's
SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng qua cc
im d liu
STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) : Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi mi tr x trong
hi quy.
TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions
ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis, calc_method) : Tnh li
tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh kz
ACCR NT
theo kz hn
AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu
hao trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s dng trong cc h
thng k ton theo kiu Php)
AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao
trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php)
COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy k t u kz li ti ngy
kt ton
78
80
SYD (cost, salvage, life, per) : Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca ti sn trong nh kz xc
nh
TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho tri
phiu kho bc
TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100 cho tri phiu
kho bc
TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) : Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc
VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch) : Tnh khu hao ti sn
s dng trong nhiu kz
XIRR (values, dates, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu ng tin mt khng
nh kz
XNPV (rate, values, dates) : Tnh t gi rng cho mt y lu ng tin mt khng nh kz
YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun i vi
chng khon tr li theo nh kz
YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm cho
chng khon chit khu
YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm ca chng
khon tr li vo ngy o hn
e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch
DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) : Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct ca danh sch
hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DCOUNT ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay
cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) : m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch
hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DGET (database, field, criteria) : Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt anh sch hay c s d
liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh.
82
/yyyy).
85
86
Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo thng 5, lng tnh theo nm, vy cng ty
phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh vic?
Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho ph p tnh
theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo kiu M hay theo kiu chu
u...):
Hm YEARFRAC()
(Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l)
C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis])
start_ ate, en _ ate: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong
thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt
cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng i dng text.
basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh:
* 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia cho 12
thng, mt thng c 30 ngy.
* 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date m
ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng )
V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm:
YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37%
Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy
Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt thng coi nh c
30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy!
Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th s ngy trong
mi thng u c ging nhau.
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88
V d:
DATED F("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1)
*Tnh tui (2):
bi trc, ti a ra mt ci cng thc tnh tui i thong nh vy:
= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdate))
> TODAY())
l khi cha bit n hm DATEDIF().
By gi, vi DATEDIF(), cng thc trn ch ngn nh vy thi, m ra kt qu vn chnh xc:
= DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y")
V d, hm nay l ngy 09/01/2007:
* Vi ngy sinh l 05/01/1969 ( t chc sinh nht ri), DATEDIF("05/01/1969", TODAY(),
"y") = 39
* Nhng vi ngy sinh l 11/1/1969 (cha t chc sinh nht), DATEDIF("11/01/1969",
TODAY(), "y") = 38
*Tm mt gi, ph t, giy no tnh t lc ny
Nh ti ni trn, hm TIME() s t ng iu chnh kt qu ca mt gi tr thi gian khi
nhng thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, ph t v giy > 60). V o , khi cn tnh
ton hoc tm mt gi tr thi gian no k t lc ny (hoc bt kz l c no), ngi ta
thng s dng hm TIME().
V d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t lc ny:
= TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW()))
90
Khng ging nh hm DATE(), bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht, hay giy trong
hm TIME(). V d cng thc sau y ch lm mi chuyn l tng thm 1 ngy vo ngy thng
nm v thi gian hin ti:
= NOW() + 1
Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tr thi gian, bn phi tnh thi
gian cng thm theo mt t l ca mt ngy. V d, bi v mt ngy th c 24 gi, nn
mt gi c tnh nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi th c 60 pht, nn mt pht s
c tnh nh l 1/24/60 (ca mt ngy). V cui cng, bi v c 60 giy trong mt pht,
nn 1 giy trong mt ngy s c tnh bng 1/24/60/60.
*Tnh tng thi gian
Khi tnh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y:
* Cng thm gi, pht, giy: V d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l 10 gi... Hoc
by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng phi 26 gi)... Nu cng
kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm TIME() v nu cn th theo bng hng dn
trn.
* Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti lm my
ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn ng format bnh thng dng thi gian th Excel n s t
quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn phi nh dng thi gian cho theo
kiu:
[h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung)
Ly li nh dng ngy thng
i khi, bn nhn c mt ci database m khng hiu v mt l{ o g , cell cha ngy
thng nm n nh sau: 20070823,
ngha l n c nh dng theo kiu YYYYMMDD.
Trng hp ny, khng th dng Format Cell ca Excel nh dng li, m bn phi dng
n hm DATE(year, month, day)
v cc hm x l text, v d hm LEFT(),
cho hm DATE():
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92
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls
th mc GPE ca F
=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls
th mc GPE ca F
=MATCH Tr v v tr ca mt gi tr trong bng d liu
=INDEX Tr v mt gi tr trong bng d liu tng ng vi ch mc ca n.
Tm kim trong nhiu ct
i khi, cc liu ng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct.
V d, bn c mt anh sch c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct.
Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn xc nh chc v.
Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph... Nhng c l
khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX() v MATCH() vi cng thc mng.
Hm MATCH() c mt c php t ngi bit n, l:
=MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type)
value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn)
array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu ng tm kim
V y l c php ng INDEX() ghp vi MATCH() trong cng thc mng:
{=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))}
=INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1])
ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn nh ngha ca
mt tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui.
-Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT() s bo li #REF!
-Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi ang m, nu
khng, ND RECT() cng bo li #REF!
94
ng (array form)
95
96
97
tham chiu ti ngy 5 thng 3 nm 1999 c th c nhp l 36224 hay DATE(1999, 3, 5).
Thi gian c th c nhp nh mt gi tr thp phn hoc bng cch dng hm TIME().
* Nu pivot_table khng phi l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable, GETPIVOTDATA() s
tr v li #REF!
* Nu cc i s miu t mt field khng th thy c, hoc nu chng gm mt trng
khng hin th, GETP VOTDATA() cng s tr v li #REF!
Hm DGET()
Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt anh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c
ch nh.
C php: = DGET(database, field, criteria)
=OFFSET(reference, rows, cols [, height] [, width]) Tr v mt vng tham chiu t mt vng
xut pht.
y l mt trong nhng hm rt hay ca Excel, v c ng dng rt nhiu.
N ng tham chiu n mt vng no , bt u t mt , hoc mt dy , vi mt
khong cch c ch nh.
reference: L vng m bn mun lm im xut pht tham chiu n vng khc.
Reference phi ch n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!
rows: S dng di ln (hoc xung) tnh t reference, nhp s ng nu mun di xung,
hoc s m nu mun di ln.
cols: S ct di sang phi tri (hoc phi) tnh t reference, nhp s ng nu mun di
sang phi, hoc s m nu mun di sang tri.
height: L s ng ( cao) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.
width: L s ct ( rng) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.
Ghi ch:
* Nu s dng (rows) hoc ct (cols) vt ra ngoi phm vi bng tnh, hm s bo li #REF!
* cao (height) v rng (width) nu khng nhp, th xem nh n bng vi cao v
rng ca vng xut pht (reference)
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99
Ch :
* number phi l s ng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE!
* Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN() ch chuyn i phn nguyn ca n
* Hm ROMAN() ch x l{ c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999 hm s bo li
#VALUE!
* Sau khi chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh ton vi n
c na
V d:
ROMAN(499, 0) = CDXCIX = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE)
ROMAN(499, 1) = LDVLIV
ROMAN(499, 2) = XDIX
ROMAN(499, 3) = VDIV
ROMAN(499, 4) = ID = ROMAN(499, FALSE)
ROMAN(2008) = MMVIII
=ROUND(X,n) Hm lm trn n s ca X
Nu n ng (n>0) s lm trn s bn phi k t v tr du chm thp phn.
Nu n m (n<0) s lm trn s bn tri k t v tr du chm thp phn.
=ROUNDDOWN Lm trn mt s hng xung zero
=ROUNDUP Lm trn mt s hng ra xa zero.
=SIN Tnh sin ca mt gc
=SINH Tnh sin hyperbol ca mt s
=SUM Tnh tng ca cc s
=DSUM (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh tng trong ct gi tr tho mn
iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.
VD: Tnh tng tin lng nhng ngi 26 tui.
102
Hm SUMIF()
Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc.
C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
Range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc
cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th
l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...
Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh sum_range = range.
Lu {:
* Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s tnh tng
c xc nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao gm thm nhng
tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d:
- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5
- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5
- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4
- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4
* C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i
din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~
trc du ? hay *).
* Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch
hoa.
Hm SUMIFS()
Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha nhiu iu kin cho trc.
C php: = SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...)
Sum_range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc
cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
103
106
Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s ng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m.
C php: = SIGN(number)
V d:
SIGN(10) = 1
SIGN(4-4) = 0
SIGN(-0.057) = -1
Hm SERIESSUM()
Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y:
series (x, n, m, a) = a1*x^n + a2*x^(n+m) + a3*x^(n+2m) + ... + ai*x^(n+(i-1)m)
C php: = SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients)
x : gi tr nhp vo cho chui ly tha
n : ly tha khi to tng ti x
m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui
coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x
Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!
V d:
SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) = 64,426
Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4)
=1*5^0 + 2*5^(0+2) + 3*5^(0+2*2) + 4*5^(0+3*2) = 64426
HM THNG K
Bao gm cc hm s gip bn gii quyt cc bi ton thng k t n gin n phc tp.
=AVEDEV Tnh bnh qun phn cc
=AVERAGE(vng) Tnh trung bnh cng cc s.
=AVERAGEA Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr
108
=DAVERAGE (vng d liu, ct cn tnh, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh trung bnh cc gi tr
trong ct tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.
Hm AVERAGEIF()
Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn mt iu kin cho
trc.
C php: = AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)
range : L mt hoc nhiu cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng,
cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...
criteria : L iu kin i dng mt s, mt biu thc, a ch hoc chui, qui nh vic
tnh trung bnh cho nhng no...
average_range : L tp hp cc tht s c tnh trung bnh. Nu b trng th Excel dng
range tnh.
Lu {:
* Cc trong range nu c cha nhng gi tr lun l (TRUE hoc FALSE) th s c b qua.
* Nhng rng trong average_range cng s c b qua.
* Nu range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0!
* Nu c mt no trong criteria rng, AVERAGEIF s xem nh n bng 0.
* Nu khng c no trong range tha mn iu kiu ca criteria, AVERAGEIF s bo li
#DIV/0!
* Bn c th cc k t i din nh ?, * trong criteria (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v
du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th
bn g thm du ~ trc n.
* average_range khng nht thit phi c cng kch thc vi range, m cc thc s c
tnh trung bnh s dng trn cng bn tri ca average_range lm bt u, v bao gm
thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range.
Hm AVERAGEIFS()
109
Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc
s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin
c ch nh.
Hm DVAR()
C php: = DVAR(database, [field,] criteria)
c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu
trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.
Hm DSUM()
C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria)
Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin
c ch nh.
Hm DSTDEVP()
C php: = DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)
Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s
liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c
ch nh.
Hm DSTDEV()
C php: = DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)
c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong
mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
Hm DPRODUCT()
C php: = DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)
Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu
kin c ch nh.
m s rng trong bng tnh
112
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISBLANK(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim
tra.
m s cha nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISNUMBER(range), 0, 1))} vi range l vng d liu cn
kim tra.
m s b li
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim
tra.
g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU
Bao gm cc hm x l chui vn bn nh trch lc, tm kim, thay th, chuyn i chui vn
bn trong Excel.
Hm ASC()
Dng i cc k t double-byte sang cc k t single-byte cho nhng ngn ng s dng
b k t double-byte.
C php: = ASC(text)
text : L ch hoc tham chiu n mt c cha ch. Nu text khng cha bt kz mu t
no thuc loi double-byte, th text s khng c chuyn i.
V d: = ASC("Excel") = Excel
=CHAR Chuyn s thnh k t
=CLEAN Xa k t khng ph hp
=CODE Tr v m s ca k t u tin
Hm CONCATENATE
Cng dng: Dng ni nhiu chui li vi nhau
Cng thc: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)
V d: =CONCATENATE("Gii php", "Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca bn) Gii php
Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca bn
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Hm REPLACE
Cng dng: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s k t
c ch nh
Cng thc: =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)
old_text: chui vn bn cn c x l
start_num: v tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang
num_chars: s k t ca chui cn c thay th
new_text: chui vn bn s thay th cho s k t chn bi start_num v num_chars
Ci kh ca hm ny l xc nh c bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao bit c bt
u t u v thay th bao nhiu ch? Ti gi nh:
- Bn dng hm FIND() hoc SEARCH() xc nh v tr bt u (start_num)
- Dng hm LEN() xc nh s k t ca chui s c thay th (num_chars)
V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nh sau:
=REPLACE(A1, F ND("2007", A1), LEN("2007"), "2008") Expense Bu get for 2008
Vi A1 = Expense Budget for 2007
Hm RIGHT Dng trch xut phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo
s ch nh ca bn
Cng thc: =RIGHT(text [,num_chars])=RIGHT(X,n)
Hm RIGHT ly n k t t bn phi sang ca vn bn X
text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t
num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc nh l 1
- num_chars phi l s nguyn ng
- Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui text
V d: =R GHT("Karen Elizabeth Hammon ", 7) Hammon
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=REPT Lp li mt chui
=SUBSTITUTE Thay th mt chui xc nh
Hm FIND v Hm SEARCH
Cng dng: Dng tm v tr bt u ca mt chui con (substring) trong mt chui
Cng thc:
=FIND(find_text, within_text [, start_num])
=SEARCH(find_text, within_text [, start_num])
find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con)
within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m)
start_num: v tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc nh l 1)
Mt s lu {:
- Kt qu ca hai hm ny l mt con s, ch v tr bt u (tnh t start_num) ca find_text
trong within_text
- Dng SEARCH() khi mun tm mt chui bt kz. V d: SEARCH("e", "Expenses") s cho kt
qu l 1.
- Dng FIND() khi mun tm chnh xc mt chui c phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. V d:
FIND("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 4.
- Nu khng tm thy find_text, hm s bo li #VALUE
- C th dng nhng k t i din nh *, ? trong fin _text ca hm SEARCH()
- Vi hm SEARCH(), nu mun tm chnh k t * hoc ? th g du ~ trc k t ( ~*
hoc l ~?)
=TEXT Chuyn mt s sang text.
Hm T
Cng dng: Tr v mt chui nu tr tham chiu l chui, ngc li, s tr v chui rng Kim tra d liu kiu text
116
117
text phi l nh dng s, ngy thng hoc bt kz mt thi gian no min l c Excel cng
nhn.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr
FALSE
V d:
trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, bn c th dng hm RIGHT()
=RIGHT("SQA6500", 4) 6500
Tuy nhin kt qu o hm R GHT() c c s dng text, bn khng th nhn chia cng
tr g vi ci "6500" ny c.
c th tnh ton vi "6500", bn phi i n sang dng s:
=VALUE(R GHT("SQA6500",4)) 6500
Cng l 6500, nhng by gi bn c th cng tr nhn chia vi n.
*Trch xut h v tn (v d ng trch cho tn ting Anh, b qua tn m)
Cch lm l ng hm F ND() tm nhng khong trng phn cch gia h v tn, sau
ng hm LEFT() tch phn tn, v hm RIGHT() tch phn h.
ly phn tn (First Name), chng ta dng cng thc sau (gi s h tn nm cell A2):
=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1)
Ngha l ng hm F ND() tm v tr ca k t trng u tin k t bn tri, v d n l v
tr th 5,
khi hm LEFT() s xc nh c ci tn ny gm c 4 ch (= 5-1).
ly phn h (Last Name), chng ta dng cng thc:
=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2))
Bn t dch cu ny nh!
*Trch xut h, tn m v tn (v d vi tn ting Anh, phn tn m c vit tt)
Cch lm ging nh bi Trch xut h v tn trn, tuy nhin c khc mt ch t, trch
thm phn tn m.
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=IF(B2<0, "<<<<<")
nhng du "<" t l thun vi mc st gim doanh s bn hng, bn c th dng hm
REPT(), vi cng thc:
REPT("<" , B2 * -100)
y, phi nhn gi tr ca B2 vi -100, bi v chng ta ch xt nhng trng hp B2<0
V cng thc hon chnh th hin mc st gim doanh s ca tng mt hng s l:
=IF(B2<0, REPT("<" , B2 * -100))
Nhng hm IF lng nhau
Trong cuc sng i thng, c my ai d dng chp nhn chuyn "mt ci nu", phi
khng cc bn.
Ch ng ta thng s dng kiu, nu... ri nhng m nu... nhiu khi k o i n v tn!
Trong Excel cng vy. Gi s, chng ta xp loi hc tp, nu im trung bnh (TB) ln hn 9
th gii, vy TB nh hn 9 th ? Cha, TB nh hn 9 nhng ln hn 7 th kh ci , ri
TB nh hn 7 nhng cha b im 5 th trung bnh, ch khi no TB nh hn 4 th mi gi
l d (ci ny ti ch v d thi, cc bn ng s dng xp loi nh).
Khi , ch ng ta s dng nhng hm IF() lng nhau, IF() ny nm trong IF() kia. Sau ny
chng ta s hc cch ghp thm nhiu iu kin khc vo na.
V d, ti ly li v d ni bi trc:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", "Not big")
Bi gi thm cht, A1 ln hn 1000 l "big" ri, nhng chng l 10000 th cng ch l "big" ?
C l nn tng thm mt danh hiu cao hn:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), "Not big")
Hoc l, ng rng <1000 l "Not big", nhng n khc "Small" ch (tui khng ln, cha
chc tui nh), vy chng ta thm mt nh ngha "Small" th xem:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))
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ress"), v
125
Tip theo, tn dng chnh s ca nhng hng trong bng tnh lp m s t ng:
ROW(A2),
v nh dng sao cho nhng con s ny lun c 4 ch s, bng cng thc:
TEXT(ROW(A2),"0000")
V y l cng thc hon chnh:
=UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3)) & TEXT(ROW(A2), "0000")
Hm BETADIST()
Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
Thng thng hm ny c ng nghin cu s bin thin v phn trm cc mu, v d
nh khong thi gian m ngi ta ng xem TV trong mt ngy chng hn.
C php: = BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, A, B)
x : Gi tr gia A v B, ng tnh mt hm.
alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.
A : Cn i ca khong x, mc nh l 0.
B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.
Lu {:
* Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETAD ST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu x < A, x > B hay A = B, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETADIST() s s dng phn phi tch
ly beta chun ha.
Hm BETAINV()
Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
Ngha l nu xc sut = BETADIST(x, ...) th x = BETAINV(xc sut, ...)
126
ng so snh cc gi tr quan st
vi cc gi tr kz vng.
V d, mt th nghim v di truyn c th gi thit rng th h k tip ca cc cy trng s
tha hng mt tp hp cc mu sc no ; bng cch so snh cc gi tr quan st c
vi cc gi tr kz vng, c th thy c gi thit ban u l ng hay sai.
C php: = CHIDIST(x, degrees_freedom)
128
NV() s bo li #NUM!
129
Ty chnh sp xp
sp x p nhiu hn mt ct:
Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home
Ch n ct m bn mu n sp x p u tin
Kch Add Level
Ch n ct ti p theo bn mu n sp x p
Kch OK
130
Lc d liu
B l c cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b
l c:
Kch vo ct hoc ch n cc ct cha d liu m bn mu n l c
Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter
Kch nt Filter
Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin
Kch Text Filter
Kch Words bn mu n l c
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4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart l nhng cng c phn tch d liu rt mnh trong Excel.
Chng c th bin nhng con s dng nh v ngha trong mt khi d liu khng l thnh
132
135
Ti p tc, bn nhn vo Camping ch n n. Ngay lp tc, Sum of Caming xut hin trong
vng Values pha cu i PivotTable Field List, ng thi, ct B hin th tng doanh thu
mt hng Camping ng vi mi min.
Cu i cng, bn nhn vo ci mi tn b t nm ngay bn cnh mc Sum of Camping trong
khung Values, ch n Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra.
136
Hp thoi Value Field Settings xut hin. Nhn vo ci nt Number Format. Hp thoi
Format Cells quen thuc s m ra, ch n Currency. Xong nhn OK hai ln ng tt c
cc hp thoi. PivotTable ca bn s gi ng nh sau hnh say. N u thch, v cng d xem hn,
bn nhn vo A3, ni ang c ch Row Labels, sa n li thnh Region:
Khi mt PivotTable c kch hot, hp thoi PivotTable Field List s xut hin. Nhng
Field c ch n vo trong bo co PivotTable s c in m v c mt du kim ngay
bn cnh, ng thi chng cng xut hin nhng vng bn di ca PivotTable Field List,
cho chng ta bi t vai tr ca chng trong PivotTable. kch hot mt PivotTable, bn nhn
vo mt bt k trong vng bo co PivotTable. Cn n u khng mu n kch hot n, th bn
ch vic nhn ra ngoi, bt k ch no trong bng tnh.
Bn s thy bn phi ca tiu Region trong vng bo co ( A3) c mt nt mi tn x
xu ng (drop-down arrow). Nt ny c chc nng tng t chc nng AutoFilter. Nhn vo
, bn c th l a ch n nhng mc mu n xem thuc danh sch Region, m mc nh ca n
l Select All (xem tt c). V d, bn ch mu n xem doanh thu dng c cm tri ca ring
min Midwest m thi, bn nhn vo nt ny, nhn vo mc (Select All) tt n i, ri nhn
vo mc Midwest, bn s c k t qu nh hnh sau:
138
139
Trong danh sch cc Field s c Store, Category v Titles. Hy nhn ch n c ba. Excel s lm
gip bn cc vic sau:
140
141
142
144
3. Ch n Column trong danh sch Templates bn tri, ri nhn vo biu tng th hai
(stacked column) hng u tin trong khung bn tay phi.
4. Nhn OK to biu .
Bn s c mt biu nh hnh sau. Mi ca hng (Store) c i din bi mt "bar" trong
biu , v trong mi "bar" ny cha s lng th loi phim (Category) c trong ca hng ,
c phn bit bi cc mu khc nhau.
145
146
147
Tuy nhin, n u bn s dng mt Table ca Excel 2010 lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable,
th bn khi cn quan tm n Name, bi chnh bn thn Table c sn mt ci tn, khi bn
to n. V khi c Name ca d liu ngun, bn ch vic nhp tr c ti p ci tn ny vo
trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi Create PivotTable. V d, hnh sau y, d liu
ngun ca PivotTable l mt dy c tn l SalesData:
149
5. Nhn Alt+Tab hoc nhn vo workbook cha d liu ngun kch hot n. Bn s
vn thy ci hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh".
6. Ch n dy cha d liu ngun cho PivotTable. a ch ca n, bao gm c tn ca
workbook, s t ng nhp vo trong hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh":
150
151
2.3.1. To mt trang tng hp duy nht vi chc nng Create a single page field for me
Bn xem li bng tnh EmployeeData m ti va trnh by bi trc. Bn s thy c 3 danh
sch, mi danh sch l mt phng n tuyn dng nhn vin c th cho cc b phn. V c 3
danh sch u c cng cu trc, cng nh tiu ca cc hng, ct ny l gi ng nhau. to
mt PivotTable d a vo 3 danh sch ny, bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart
Wizard theo cc bc ti trnh by bi trc, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du
vo ty ch n Create a Single-Page Field, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc
sau:
152
153
154
155
y l 4 bng tng hp s h c sinh t yu cu theo tng mn, v theo tng h c k trong hai
nm h c 2005, 2006; c 4 u c chung tiu Year ... Semester ....
Chng ta hy th. Bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc bc ti
trnh by bi 2.3, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty ch n I will create
the page fields, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhp kh i d liu ngun th nht (A2:B8) vo trong khung Range
2. Nhn nt Add thm n vo trong danh sch All Ranges
3. Lp li hai bc trn ba ln, thm 3 kh i d liu cn li (D2:D8, A11:B17, v
D11:E17) vo trong danh sch All Ranges. Ti thi im ny, mn hnh ca bn s
gi ng nh hnh sau:
156
16. Ch n dy cu i cng: D11:E17, ch n Year 2003 cho Field one v Semester 2 cho
Field two t cc nt mi tn x xu ng.
Nhn Next hon tt PivotTable v t n trong cng Sheet hay trong mt Sheet khc,
ty bn. Thnh qu ca chng ta gi ng nh sau, l mt PivotTable tng hp tt c s h c sinh
t yu cu ca c hai nm h c 2002 v 2003, th ng k chi ti t theo tng mn h c:
158
N u bn nhn nhn Page 1, bn s c hai l a ch n: Year 2002 v Year 2003; cng vy, khi
nhn nhn Page 2, bn s c hai l a ch n: Semester 1 v Semester 2.
Bi v trong PivotTable ny ch c 1 ct, nn bn c th b ci Grand Total i bng cch:
nhn phi chut vo ngay nhn Grand Total, v ch n Remove Grand Total t menu m ra.
159
160
B n vng ny l:
1. Report Filter: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng l c
ton b d liu ngun. Ni cch khc, PivotTable ch hin th nhng d liu no tha
mn iu kin ca Report Filter.
2. Columns Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm
tiu ct cho bo co PivotTable.
3. Row Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm tiu
hng cho bo co PivotTable.
4. Values: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny s c tnh tng theo mc
nh v hin th trn vng ni dung chnh (main body) ca PivotTable, ni cch khc,
y chnh l nhng th ng k t d liu ngun, m bn mu n c khi s dng
PivotTable.
Khi bn nh du kim vo mt field no , lm sao Excel bi t bn mu n em field vo
vng no ? n gin thi: N u field ch cha nhng d liu l s , th n s c em vo
trong vng Values, cn n u field c cha nhng loi d liu khc (text, ngy thng...) th n
s c em vo trong vng Row Labels. Tuy nhin, vic Excel em field vo trong vng
no th khng quan tr ng. Bi v bn c th di chuyn cc field t vng ny sang vng khc,
n u thy cn thi t.
Xem v d sau y, minh h a mt PivotTable cng vi Field List ca n. Bn s bi t cch to
ra PivotTable ny trong bi sau. Cn by gi, hy lt qua cc vng m ti nh s trong
hnh, tng ng vi 4 vng ca Field List m ti va trnh by trn.
1. Region c t trong vng Report Filter, v n nm trong vng Filter ca bo co
( trn cao, gc tri), c chc nng l c ton b d liu ngun.
2. Date c t trong vng Row Labels, v n l cc tiu hng ca bo co
PivotTable.
3. Store c t trong vng Column Labels, v n l cc tiu ct ca bo co
PivotTable.
4. Camping (chnh xc hn, l Sum of Camping) c t trong vng Values, v n l
cc d liu c l c ra trong bo co PivotTable.
162
..............
163
164
4. Trong Field List, ch n (click vo hp kim ngay bn tri) cc Field Store, Region,
Camping, v Date.
Ti lc ny, bng tnh ca bn s gi ng hnh 3.5.
166
Ch n Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra, m hp thoi Value Field
Settings.
167
168
170
171
trong bng tnh th lp tc th s thay i tng ng theo. Trong Excel 2010 vic v th
cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu th khc nhau phc v
cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dng bng tnh, chng ta s
cng nhau khm ph th gii th ca Excel trong bi h c ny. th l mt i tng
(object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh vi mu sc
v kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 loi th l th nm trong
WorkSheet (cn g i l Embedded chart) v ChartSheet. chuyn i qua li gia 2 loi
th ny ta lm nh sau: Ch n th Chart Tools Design Location Move
Chart
173
Ch n kiu th
B3. Xong bc 2 l chng ta c ngay mt th dng ct nh hnh trn, tuy nhin chng
ta c th i cc b tr ca cc thnh phn trn th. Chn th Chart Tools
174
L a ch n layout
B4. o cc chui s liu t dng thnh ct v ngc li: Chart Tools Design Data
Switch Row/Column. Chng ta th c hin lnh ny khi cc th bc trn cha hin
th ng nh mong mu n. V d chng ta mu n nhm cc nhm tui li d so snh gia
cc thng vi nhau.
175
o dng/ ct
B5. N u thy kiu th trn khng p, chng ta c th i sang kiu khc bng cch: Chart
Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, hp thoi Insert Chart hin th lit k
ton b cc kiu th hin c ca Excel tha h cho bn l a ch n.
n More (
).
Ch n Chart Style
177
1. Chart Title
7. Horizontal Axis
2. Chart Area
8. Data Table
3. Plot Area
4. Data Label
5. Legend
6. Horizontal Gridlines
179
cp rt nhiu mu nh dng d ng sn rt p.
Ghi ch:
Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thnh phn ang ch n
Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung v mu sc ca thnh phn ang ch n
Border Styles: Cc kiu ng kt k khung ca thnh phn ang ch n.
Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thnh phn ang ch n
3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thnh phn ang ch n.
182
thm tiu chnh cho th vo: Chart Tools Layout Labels Chart Title
l a ch n kiu t danh sch
thm tiu cho trc honh (hay trc tung) vo Chart Tools Layout Labels
Axis Titles l a ch n kiu t danh sch
thm ch thch vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend
kiu
t danh sch
thm nhn d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels l a
ch n kiu t danh sch
thm bng d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table l a
ch n kiu t danh sch.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th chn cc Text Box vo th Chart Tools Layout Insert
Text Box.
184
187
188
189
190
191
Workbook Views
192
Page
Page Setup
193
Page Orientation
Portrait / Landscape
Kh giy (Size)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Size
2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup
Margins
Top (l trn),
Bottom (l di), Left (l tri), Right (l phi), Header (l tiu u trang), Footer (l tiu
194
chn trang). Ngoi ra cn c ty ch n canh gia: Horizontally (canh gia trang theo chiu
ngang) v Vertically (canh gia trang theo chiu d c)
Chn vng in (Set Print Area)
Qut ch n vng cn in, vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Area
Set Print Area.
Ngt trang (Page Break)
Chn ngt trang ngang: Di chuyn hin hnh n ni s chn ngt trang ti ct A,
sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Insert Page
Break. (N u khng ct A s ngt trang theo chiu ngang v d c)
sau
vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Remove Page Break.
hnh lu tr trn
Insert
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Page Layout
M lnh
Chc nng
&[Page]
&[Pages]
&[Date]
&[Time]
Hin th gi hin ti
&[Path]&[File]
Hin th ng dn y n ni lu tp
tin v Tn tp tin
&[File]
Hin th tn tp tin
&[Tab]
Hin th tn sheet
Khng c
Khng c
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6.4. Cc lu khc
Ngn khng cho in mt s vng
Trong mt s trng hp, d liu c cc thng tin nhy cm m bn khng mu n in ra. Khi
Home Cells
Format
T mu ch gi ng vi mu nn ca cc .
7.1 Macro
Macros l cc tnh nng cao cp c th lm tng tc chnh sa hay nh dng m
bn c th thc hin thng xuyn trong mt bng tnh Excel. Chng ghi li nhng hnh
ng m bn ch n menu cho mt chui cc hnh ng c th c hon thnh
trong mt bc.
Ghi mt Macro
ghi mt Macro:
Kch tab View trn vng Ribbon
Kch Macros
Kch Record Macro
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th c hin Macro:
Kch Macro
Kch Stop Recording
201
202
Phm tt
Enter
ngha
Ci d liu vo , di chuyn xu ng di
203
ESC
F4 hay Ctrl+Y
Lp li thao tc va lm
Alt+Enter
Bt u dng mi trong
Backspace
Delete
Ctrl+Delete
Xo tt c ch trong mt dng
Phm mi tn
Home
Chuyn v u dng
Ctrl+D
Ctrl+R
Shift+Enter
Tab
vng ch n
Shift+Tab
Phm tt
ngha
Bt u mt cng thc
F2
Backspace
Ctrl+F3
t tn cho vng ch n
F3
F9
Shift+F9
Alt+=
Ctrl+;
Ctrl+Shift+:
Ctrl+K
Chn mt Hyperlink
Ctrl+Shift+
Ctrl+
Ctrl+A
Ctrl+Shift+A
nh dng d liu
Phm tt
ngha
Ctrl+1
Ctrl+Shift+~
Ctrl+Shift+$
Ctrl+Shift+%
Ctrl+Shift+^
Ctrl+Shift+#
Ctrl+Shift+?
Ctrl+Shift+&
Ctrl+Shift+ -
B ng vin
Ctrl+B
Bt tt ch m, khng m
Ctrl+I
Ctrl+U
Bt tt ch gch di
Ctrl+5
Ctrl+9
n dng
Ctrl+Shift+(
Hin th dng n
8.2 Th thut
1. Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch)
Bc 1. M tp tin cn chuyn >> Nhn t hp phm Alt + F11 m trnh son tho VBA
ca Excell
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Bc 2. Nhp chut phi ln VBA Project >> Insert >> Module >> v dn on m bn
di vo ca s ca Module mi chn
Function ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Temp
Dim Dollars, Cents
Dim DecimalPlace, Count
ReDim Place(9) As String
Place(2) = " Nghin "
Place(3) = " Trieu "
Place(4) = " Ty "
Place(5) = " Ngan ty "
' Convert MyNumber to a string, trimming extra spaces.
MyNumber = Trim(Str(MyNumber))
' Find decimal place.
DecimalPlace = InStr(MyNumber, ".")
' f we fin
ecimal place
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Khi to mt bng tnh, thng chng ta s phi dng n mt s cng thc, v khi chia s
bng tnh cho m i ngi, c th bn mu n rng, khng ai c th can thip (xa, sa...) nhng
vo nhng c cha cng thc. Cch d nht l cng ph bi n nht l Protect (bo v) bng
tnh. Tuy nhin, Protect bng tnh khng ch ngn khng cho can thip vo cc cha cng
thc, m n khng cho can thip vo tt c, ngha l khng ai c th lm g bng tnh ca bn.
i khi, bn li khng mu n nh vy, bn ch mu n bo v cc cha cng thc thi, cn
nhng cha d liu th khng.
C ba gii php th c hin iu ny: Kha nhng cha cng thc, s dng chc nng
Data-validation cho cc cha cng thc, v t ng bt tt chc nng bo v.
Kha cc cha cng thc
Theo mc nh, tt c cc trong bng tnh u c kha (locked), tuy nhin, n chng c
tc dng g tr phi bn p dng lnh Protect bng tnh. y l cch d nht p dng lnh
Protect cho bng tnh, nhng ch nhng cha cng thc th mi b kha, v c bo v:
Ch n ton b bng tnh, bng cch nhn Ctrl+A, hoc nhn vo ci vung nm giao im
ca ct A v hng 1. Ri nhn nt phi chut v ch n Format Cells, ri trong tab
Protection, b nh du ty ch n Locked, ri nhn OK:
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214
215
216
217
218
219
220
Toolbox, trong Excel 2003 ch n trong view Toolbar Control Toolbox, v ln sheet 1 ci.
Trong hnh, ti lm th 2 ci.
.................
Nhn vo nt design, click ch n ci control bn va v, nhn thm nt Property. Trong ca
s Property, sa dng Caption thnh View/ Hide, sa dng Linked Cell thnh $C$2. (c 2010
v 2003 nh nhau, c checkbox v Toggle Button nh nhau).
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..................
By gi gi s vng d liu ca bn gm 4 fields, trong bn ch mu n 3 fields hin thng
xuyn, cn field th 4 th khi no cn mi hin ra xem, khng cn th du i. Bn nh du
ch n vng cha field 4, trong 2010 bn vo tab Home, Conditional Formating, New Rule,
ch n ti p use a formula to determine which cells to format, trong 2003 l Fornat Conditional Formating - ch n ti p Formula is. Trong k b n, bn g: = $C$2=FALSE.
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............
N u bn khng thch th nh dng C2 ch trng lun, khi thy ch TRUE, FALSE
hin ln.
2. Tt m nh dng mu cho :
Dng Conditional Formating nhm t mu theo iu kin gip ta d tm c nhng c
gi tr c bit cho trc. Excel 2010 c nhiu nh dng khc nhau cho gi tr s nm trong
khong cho trc. Nhng bin php m tt bng checkbox l khng c sn.
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Tng t nh phn trn, ta to ra 1 checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button link ti $C$2. Nhng
ln ny ta t name cho n l IsFill chng hn. Ta cng t name cho $A$2 l BeginNum
v $B$2 l EndNum, vi A2 l gii hn di th d 100, v B2 l gii hn trn th d 1.000.
Trong vng d liu B5:B16, ta mu n gi tr no nm trong khong BeginNum v EndNum s
c t mu. Vy dng conditional Formating nh trn, ch n vng C8:C18, ln ny cng
thc l:
=AND($C8>=BeginNum,$C8<=EndNum,IsFill)
Ch n cho n 1 nh dng mu theo mu n.
K t qu: khi nhn button hoc click checkbox thay i trng thi thnh True, cc cha s
trong khong (100, 1.000) s c t mu, cc cn li khng t. Khi thay i thnh False,
cc tr li bnh thng.
ng thi, v bn t cng thc lin quan n BeginNum v EndNum, nn khi thay i 2 s
ny, k t qu t mu cng thay i.
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............
Bn thy y, n u bn cha xem bi ny m thy 1 file tng t ca ngi khc, bn c th
lm tng ngi ta s dng code ca VBA.
227
229
230
Vic lm trn s gip chuyn ton s cc con s dng vn bn sang s thc, v rng c gi tr l 0 v
khi bn cng bt kz s no vo mt con s lu i dng vn bn trong Excel th bn lm cho con
s dng vn bn chuyn thnh s thc.
Dng cc hm TEXT chuyn i
Bn c th p dng nguyn tc nh cch trn vo mt s hm c sn ca Excel thc hin vic
chuyn i. Thng thng, khi bn dng mt hm thuc nhm TEXT v kt qu tr v i dng con
s th Excel vn xem con s l gi tr dng vn bn.
Gi s bn c mt vng d liu A1:A7 nh hnh sau:
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=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1)
Sau khi ng hm tch phn gi tr ra th cc kt qu tr v vn c Excel xem nh l vn bn v
ch ng c canh l tri nh hnh sau:
Do vy, bn cn phi hiu chnh cng thc tc chui trn mt t kt qu tr v l cc con s thc
s bng cch cng thm s 0 vo sau cng thc trn:
=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1) + 0
9.
Tt c chng ta u quen thuc vi chc nng Undo ca Excel, cho php chng ta lm li
nhng sai lm ca mnh. Tuy nhin, mc nh, chng ta ch c th Undo c 16 ln. Chiu
ny gip bn c th tng s ln Undo ln nhiu hn, c th n 100 ln.
Khi bn s dng chc nng Undo ca Excel, v bn th c hin Undo 16 ln, th nt Undo
b m i, khng th Undo c na. Ngoi ra, khi bn nhn nt Save lu bng tnh, th nt
Undo cng b m i, v danh sch nhng tc v (nhng hnh ng th c hin trn bng
tnh) m bn th c hin b mt sch. l do khi bn lu bng tnh, Excel cho rng bn
hi lng vi bng tnh ny (th mi nhn Save), v n thy rng khng cn thi t phi gi li
danh sch nhng tc v trc khi lu na.
Bn c th thy rng, quay lui li 16 ln l khng , nhng lm cch no tng s ln ny
ln? Ngha l lm cch no tng danh sch cc tc v ca bn ln? Tha rng, c cch, v
bn c th tng con s ny ln n 100 ln.
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233
234
10.
Bc 1: Khi nhp liu vo bng tnh Excel, thng thng ta nhp c h v tn vo cng mt
. Tuy nhin, c khi sau ta cn phi tch ring tn ra khi h v tn m, n u lm th cng
bng thao tc sao chp ri dn qua khc th s rt bt tin. N u s dng hm Right k t hp
vi mt vi hm khc th cng c th cho ra k t qu nh bn mu n, nhng trong mt s
trng hp s cho k t qu khng chnh xc. C mt phng php t i u hn s gip bn
hon thnh t t cng vic ny, cch th c hin cng kh n gin nh sau:
Bc 2: - Trn bng tnh cha ct h tn cn tch, nhn Alt+F11
Bc 3: - Ti p theo, bn nhn menu Insert v ch n Module s xut hin mt ca s son
tho.
236
To mc lc trong Excel
237
Chn Place in This Document v chn tn Sheet mun kt ni ti. Nhn nt OK hon
tt.
Phng php ny ph hp khi bng tnh khng c qu nhiu worksheet v tn worksheet
khng c s thay i thng xuyn, nu khng s gy ra nhiu kh khn cho cng tc bo
tr trang ch mc.
To ch mc t ng bng cch s dng VBA
Mt cch thay th khc l s dng VBA t ng to ra cc ch mc. on m sau y s
t ng to ra mt bng ch mc lin kt n tt c cc worksheet m bn c trong
workbook. Bng ch mc ny s c to li mi khi worksheet lu ch mc c chn.
on m ny phi c t trong private module ca Sheet cha ch. Chn mt worksheet
mi vo workbook v t tn cho n l Index chng hn. Nhp chut phi vo tn
worksheet va to v chn ViewCode t trnh n ng cnh hoc nhn t hp phm
Alt+F11.
Nhp on m VBA sau vo ca s Code:
Private Sub Worksheet_Activate()
Dim wSheet As Worksheet
Dim lCount As Long
lCount = 1
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Nhn t hp phm Alt+Q thot VBE v tr v ca s bng tnh, sau lu bng tnh li.
chy on m va to, bn dng chut chn sang worksheet khc trong workbook v
sau chn li worksheet Index kch hot s kin Worksheet_Activate.
Lu rng, on m s cc t tn (Name) cho cc A1 mi worksheet km theo s ch
mc ca worksheet trong bng tnh (worksheet u tin c ch mc l 1, k l 2, 3. n).
iu ny bo m rng A1 trn mi trang tnh c mt tn khc nhau. Nu A1 trn
worksheet ca bn c t tn, bn nn cn nhc n vic thay i A1 trong on
m sang mt a ch khc ph hp hn.
Lu , nu bn c thit lp Hyperlink base (siu lin kt c s) trong workbook th cc
hyperlink c to ra t on m trn s khng th hot ng c, do chng lin kt
n cc Name trong workbook hin hnh. Khi thuc tnh hyperlink base c thit lp th
cc siu lin kt s tr n hyperlink base kt hp vi cc Name.
239