Limity

Robert Mak a Lenka Pibylov

19. z 2006

Obsah
arctg x
. . .
x+1
arctg x
lim
. .
x1 x + 1
arctg x
lim
. .
x x + 1
x
lim e arctg x
lim

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

x1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

x
3

lim (x + 2x 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
x

x3 + 3x2 + 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
x
2x2 3
2x4 + 4x + 5
lim
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4
x 3x x3 + 4x + 1
2
lim (2 ln x ln(x + x + 1)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
lim

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

arctg x
arctg 1
= 4 =
=
x1 x + 1
1+1
2
8

lim

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

arctg x

arctg 1
=
= 4 =
x1 x + 1
1+1
2
8

lim

Dosadme x = 1.
Jedn se o denovan vraz. Funkce je spojit v bod x = 1
a funkn hodnota je rovna hodnot limity.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

arctg x
arctg 1

=
= 4 =
x1 x + 1
1+1
2
8

lim

arctg 1 =

, resp. tg = 1
4
4

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

arctg x
arctg 1

=
= 4 =
x1 x + 1
1+1
2
8

lim

Zjednodume.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
lim
=

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Oboustrann limita lim

x1

arctg x
neexistuje.
x+1

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

lim
=
=

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Oboustrann limita lim

x1

arctg x
neexistuje.
x+1

Dosadme . . .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
lim
=

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Oboustrann limita lim

x1

arctg x
neexistuje.
x+1

. . . a upravme.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
=
lim

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0
x1
nenulov vraz
arctg x
Funkce je typu
.
Oboustrann limita lim
nula neexistuje.
x1 x + 1
Musme proto studovat nejprve jednostrann limity. Zaneme s limitou zprava.
lim

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
=
lim

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Oboustrann limita lim

x1

arctg x
neexistuje.
x+1

Dosadili jsme x = 1.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
=
lim

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Musme urit znamnko

arctg jmenovatele.
x
Oboustrann limita lim
neexistuje.
x1
x
+
1
Je-li x napravo od 1, pak x > 1 a plat x + 1 > 0.
Jmenovatel je kladn.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
=
lim

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Oboustrann limita lim

x1

arctg x
neexistuje.
x+1

Limita zprava je .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
=
lim

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Oboustrann limita lim

x1

arctg x
neexistuje.
x+1

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
=
lim

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

arctg x
Oboustrann limita lim
neexistuje.
x1
x+
1 pak x < 1.
Je-li x nalevo od sla
1,
Proto x + 1 < 0 a jmenovatel je zporn.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
=
lim

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Oboustrann limita lim

x1

arctg x
neexistuje.
x+1

Limita je +

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x1

arctg x
x+1

4
arctg x
arctg(1)

=
=
lim

x1 x + 1
1 + 1
0
lim +

x1

lim

x1

4
arctg x
=
=

x+1
+0

4
arctg x
= +
=

x+1
0

Oboustrann limita lim

x1

arctg x
neexistuje.
x+1

Ob jednostrann limity jsou rzn a oboustrann limita tedy

neexistuje.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x

arctg x
x+1

arctg x
= 2 =0
x x + 1

lim

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x

arctg x
x+1

arctg x
= 2 =0
x x + 1

lim

Urme limitu itatele a jmenovatele samostatn.

lim arctg x me bt urena z grafu funkce y = arctg x.

x

Funkce y = arctg x m vodorovnou asymptotu y = v

2

. Hodnota limity itatele je

2

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x

arctg x
x+1

arctg x
= 2 =0
x x + 1

lim

Limita jmenovatele je + 1 = .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim
x

arctg x
x+1

arctg x
= 2 =0
x x + 1

lim

Konen hodnota dlen nekonenem je rovna nule.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Zaneme s limitou v +

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Urme zvl limity funkc v souinu.

Dosadme. Vrazem e mme na mysli limitu lim ex .
x

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Dosadme do druh funkce.

Vrazem arctg mme na mysli limitu lim arctg x.
x

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Zkoumnm graf funkc y = ex a y = arctg x zjistme, e

lim ex = 0
x

a
lim arctg x =
x

.
2
c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Souin je nula.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Pokraujeme s limitou v .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Opt urme limity funkc v souinu.

Dosadme. Protoe plat () = , dostvme z prvnho
souinitele vraz e . Tm mme na mysli limitu lim ex .
x

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Dosadme do druh funkce. Vrazem arctg() rozumme

limitu lim arctg x.
x

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Z graf funkc y = ex a y = arctg x plyne

lim ex =
x

lim arctg x = .
2

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim ex arctg x

x

=0
2

lim ex arctg x = e arctg() = ( ) =

x
2
lim ex arctg x = e arctg = 0

Souin je roven .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

Zaneme s limitou v +. Dosadme.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

3 = ,

2 =
c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

+4=

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

Pokraujeme s limitou v .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

Dosadme.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

() () () =

2()() =

Pozor! Mme neurit vraz k + k.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

Z teorie vme, jak tento problm vyeit.

Lze ukzat, e na vsledek m vliv jenom vedouc koecient.
Ostatn koecienty tedy vynechme.
Limita vedoucho lene je .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim (x3 + 2x2 4)

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = 3 + 22 4 = + 4 =

x

lim (x3 + 2x2 4) = ()3 + 2()2 4

x

= k + k 4
=

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

Zaneme s limitou v +.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
x 2x2
x 2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2
Limita itatele i jmenovatele je +.
Dostvme neurit vraz.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
x 2x2
x 2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2
Z teorie vme, e limita se d urit snadno jenom z vedoucch len itatele a jmenovatele.
Vynechme tedy vechno ostatn.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2
Upravme
x3
x
= .
2x2
2

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2


x3 + 3x2 + 1


lim
=

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

Dosadme x = .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2


x3 + 3x2 + 1


lim
=

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

Pouijeme znm pravidla pro potn s nekonenem.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2


x3 + 3x2 + 1


lim
=

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2
Pokraujeme s limitou v .
Dosazenm x = dostvme opt neurit vraz.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2


x3 + 3x2 + 1


=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

Opt uvaujeme pouze vedouc leny.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

Upravme.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

Dosadme.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

Pouijeme znm pravidla pro potn s nekonenem.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

x3 + 3x2 + 1
x
2x2 3

Vypotte lim

x3 + 3x2 + 1

lim
=

x
2x2 3

x3
x

= lim
=
=
= lim
x 2
x 2x2
2



x3 + 3x2 + 1

=
lim

2
x
2x 3

x3
x

= lim
= lim
=
=
2
x 2x
x 2
2

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

Zaneme s limitou v +.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

Dosadme x = .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

Neurit vraz.
Pouijeme jenom vedouc leny.
Vechno ostatn lze zanedbat.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3
x 3x4

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

Upravme
2x4
2
=
3x4
3

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

lim
=
lim
= lim
=
= x
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3
3x4
3

Limita konstantn funkce je ta konstanta.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

lim
=
lim
= lim
=
= x
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3
3x4
3

Pokraujeme s limitou v . Dosadme x = .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

Mme neurit vraz.

Pouijeme jenom vedouc leny.
Vechno ostatn zanedbme.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

Upravme
2x4
2
=
3x4
3

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

Limita konstantn funkce je ta konstanta.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006

Vypotte lim

2x4 + 4x + 5
x3 + 4x + 1

x 3x4

4

2x4 + 4x + 5
= lim 2x = lim 2 = 2
lim
=


x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
x 3x4
x 3

3

4
4

2x + 4x + 5
2x
2
2

=
lim
= lim
=
lim
= x
x 3
x 3x4 x3 + 4x + 1
3x4
3

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln lim 2
= ln

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln lim 2
= ln

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x

Protoe lim ln x = , dostvme neurit vraz k k.

x

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln lim 2
= ln

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x
Limity z neuritch vraz ve tvaru zlomku jsou obyejn
jednodu. Napeme funkci jako zlomek. .

Nejdve oba leny napeme v logaritmickm tvaru.

Pouijeme pravidlo r ln a = ln ar .

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln lim 2
= ln

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x

Odeteme logaritmy podle pravidla ln a ln b = ln

a
.
b

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln lim 2
= ln

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x

Urme limitu sloen funkce.

Nejprve prozkoumme limitu vnitn sloky.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln
= ln lim 2

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x

Uvnit mme neurit vraz.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln lim 2
= ln

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x

Uvaujeme jenom vedouc leny.

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln lim 2
= ln

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x

Provedeme krcen ve vrazu

x2
a pouijeme zejm vztah
x2

lim 1 = 1.
x

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) .

Vypotte



lim 2 ln x ln(x2 + x + 1) = k k


= lim ln x2 ln(x2 + x + 1)
x




x2
x2

= lim ln 2
= ln lim 2
= ln

x
x x + x + 1
x +x+1


x2
= ln lim 2 = ln 1 = 0
x x

c
Lenka
Pibylov, 2006