BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

The Windy
The Windy
M HNG (Ch bin)

Bi tp
cu to t ting anh

Dnh cho hc sinh THPT

Dnh cho hc sinh luyn thi i hc, cao ng mn ting Anh

Bao gm nhiu dng bi tp t d n kh.

NH XUT BN T IN BCH KHOA

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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

The Windy

BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

Li ni u
Bn c thn mn!
Chng ti nhn thy c nhiu bn hc sinh, sinh vin cn lng tng khi
lm bi tp v cu to t ting Anh. l do cc bn cha c kin thc cn
bn v cu to t ting Anh cng nh lm bi tp cha nhiu, trong khi
nhng cun sch v cu to t ting Anh trn th trng hin nay thng
ch c l thuyt, t bi tp.
V l do ny nn chng ti xin ra mt bn c cun BI TP CU
TO T TING ANH nhm gip cc bn c kin thc tng qut v cu
to t cng nh thc hnh nhiu dng bi tp t d n kh. Cun sch c
cu trc n gin gm l thuyt v bi tp nhng s em n cho cc bn
s thoi mi khi hc phn ny.
Chng ti ch mong nhng g chng ti c gng lm s c cc bn
n nhn v ng h, chng ti ch nhng kin ng gp hu ch t pha
bn c.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
The Windy

The Windy

BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

Part 1
WORD FORMATION
Cu to t

The Windy
I. S LC V CU TO T
Phn ln t ting Anh c s dng ngy nay khng phi l ting Anh
gc. Nhng t ny bt ngun t cc ngn ng khc nh Latinh hay Hy Lp.
Nu bit c gc t trong ting Anh th s rt c li cho chng ta khi hc
cu to t. Chng ta c th on c ngha ca mt t chng ta cha h
gp da vo vic bit ngha gc ca t . Thm vo chng ta bit c
tin t v hu t ca t.
Mt t ting Anh c th bao gm 3 phn: gc t (cn ng - root), mt
tin t (prefix) v mt hu t (suffix). Gc t l mt phn ca t cha ngha
c bn hay nh ngha ca t . Tin t l mt thnh phn ca t c t
trc gc t, n thay i ngha ca t hay to ra mt t mi. Hu t l mt
thnh phn ca t c t sau gc t, n thay i ngha cng nh chc
nng ca t.
Khi thm mt hu t vo mt t c mt m tit, nu gc t ca t
kt thc ch bng mt ph m ng trc mt nguyn m v nu hu t
bt u bng mt nguyn m th ta gp i ph m . V d, khi thm hu
t -ing vo t can, ta gp i ph m n thnh canning. Ta cng p dng
quy tc cho t c nhiu m tit nhng ch c p dng khi t c trng
m m tit cui.
Vi nhng t kt thc bng e th khi hu t bt u bng mt nguyn
m, ta b e ri mi thm hu t. V d, khi thm hu t -ing vo t take, ta
b e ri thm ing thnh taking.
Khi thm mt hu t vo mt t kt thc l y v trc y l mt nguyn
m th ta thm hu t v khng thay i g. V d, t obey + -ed = obeyed.
Nu c mt ph m ng trc y th ta s chuyn y thnh i ri thm hu t
(tr hu t -ing v -ish). V d, angry + ly = angrily, baby + ing =
babying.
Sau y l mt s tin t v hu t hay gp:
Tin t

Ngha

V d

pre-

before

They will show a sneak preview of the movie.

un-

not

The cafeteria will be unavailable tomorrow

morning.

dis-

not

Mark disagreed with John's philosophy.

BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

re-

again

Are you going to renew your subscription?

mis-

not

He has mismanaged the company.

im-

not

With hard work and determination, nothing is

impossible.

bi-

two

Henry recently received his first pair of

bifocals.

de-

not

Many ecologists are concerned about the

deforestation of our world's rain forests.

Hu t

Ngha

V d

-er

doer

I work as a computer programmer.

-able

able

These glass bottles are recyclable.

-ous

full of

Driving on the freeway can be dangerous.

-ness

state of
being

At night, the earth is covered in darkness.

-ful

full of

The witness gave an honest and truthful

testimony.

-ly or -y

like

James whistled happily on his way home from

school.

-ment

state of

Mary sighed with contentment.

II. CC DNG BI TP V CC BC LM BI
Cu to t l mt phn rt d ghi im trong cc bi thi ting Anh nhng
nhiu bn cn ang lng tng v phn ny. Nhng thc ra nu cc bn bit
quan st k th khng phi l kh v dng bi ny kim tra kin thc c bn
cc loi t vng ting Anh cng nh v tr ca chng trong cu. lm tt
phn ny th cc bn cn nm c mt s dng bi tp c bn ca cu to t,
cc bc lm bi, cc quy tc thng dng ca cu to t v hn ht l lm tht
nhiu bi tp v cu to t.
Bi tp v cu to t c chia lm 2 dng c bn:
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The Windy
- Dng 1 thuc phn t vng (C 4 phng n c a ra th chng ch
c th thuc vo trong cc t loi: danh t, ng t, tnh t, trng t).
- Dng 2 thuc phn ng php cc la chn u lin quan n cu trc
ng php trong cu.
lm dng bi tp ny cc bn ch cn nm chc cc loi t vng ting
Anh, v tr ca chng trong cu v cch dng nh th no.
Sau y s l mt s mo nh khi lm phn cu to t vng:
* Cu to t thuc lnh vc t loi.
Bc 1: Xc nh t loi
- c qua cu hi v quan st tht k v tr ca t cn in. Vic xc nh t loi
ca t cn in vo ch trng l im quan trng nht c tnh quyt nh n
chnh xc ca p n.
V d 1:
Life here is very _____.
A. peace
B. peaceful
C. peacefully
D. peacefulness
- Sau ng t to be (is) c 2 t loi l tnh t v danh t. Tuy nhin do c
trng t ch mc very nn t loi cn in phi l mt tnh t.
V d 2:
Some species of rare animals are in _____ of extinction.
A. danger
B. dangerous
C. dangerously
D. endanger

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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

- Nu bn khng bit thnh ng to be in danger (ang b e da, ang trong

tm nguy him) th hy rng v tr ca t cn in khng th l mt t
loi no khc ngoi danh t (gia 2 gii t).
Bc 2: Quan st p n v chn p n ng
- Sau khi xc nh c t loi ca t cn in cc bn quay li quan st
4 phng n cho, thy t no ph hp vi t loi c xc nh th
chnh l p n. Trong v d 2 ch c danger l danh t v cng l p n
ca cu. (Dangerous l tnh t, dangerously l trng t, endanger l ng
t). Trong v d 1 peaceful l tnh t duy nht trong cc t cho v cng
l p n ca cu.
- Khi 4 phng n A, B, C, D u thuc cng loi t vng (danh t hoc
tnh t) th cc em phi xem xt ngha ca tng t chn p n chnh
xc nht.
V d:
Computer is one of the most important _____of the 20th century.
A. inventings
B. inventories
C. inventions
D. inventors

- Sau one of phi l mt danh t s nhiu. Tuy nhin inventories li c

ngha l bn tm tt, bn kim k trong khi inventions l s pht minh, sng
ch. p n ca cu ng nhin l inventions. Nu khng cc bn hy ch
n ui tion, mt cch cu to danh t ch vt t ng t rt thng dng
cng c th suy ra p n ca cu.
*Lu :
Nu 4 phng n l 4 t loi khc nhau th vn tht n gin. Tuy nhin
cng c nhng cu m ngi ra i hi th sinh phi kt hp c kin thc
ng php. Xt v d sau y:
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The Windy
There are small _____ between British and American English.
A. differences
B. different
C. difference
D. differently
Sau khi xc nh t loi ca t cn in l mt danh t nhng khi quan st
cc phng n cc bn li thy c 2 danh t differences v difference. Vy
t no mi l ng? Lc ny cc bn mi cn n th ca ng t trong
cu to be c chia s nhiu (are) do p n ca cu phi l mt
danh t s nhiu differences.
- Ngoi ra cc bn cng phi xem xt ngha ph nh ca t. Khi thm cc
tin t nh in, un, ir, dis... th ngha ca t b o ngc hon ton. Da
vo cc yu t cc bn c th nhn bit c ngha ca t l khng nh
hay ph nh.
Tuy nhin mi mt t ch c th kt hp vi mt loi ph t nht nh. V
d responsible ch kt hp vi tin t ir-, illegal ch kt hp vi tin t il-...
V d:
I think its very _____ of him to expect us to work overtime every night this
week.
A. reason
B. reasonable
C. unreasonable
D. inreasonable

T cn in l mt tnh t. Cm t work overtime every night this week

mang hm ph nh nn tnh t ca cu cng mang ngha ph nh
unreasonable. (Reasonable ch kt hp vi tin t un- to nn t tri
ngha). lm dng bi tp ny cc em phi lin h t cn in vi cc cm
t khc trong cu nhn bit c ca cu l khng nh hay ph nh
ri t xc nh dng thc ca t.
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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

* Cu to t thuc lnh vc ng php.

- Dng th 2 trong bi tp cu to t l phn bit dng thc b tr ca ng
t, tnh t, trng t hay phng thc so snh. Trong dng bi tp ny cc
bn phi nm vng c cu trc ng php, loi b tr ca ng t cng
nh cc hnh thc so snh.
Dng 1: Tnh t -ed hay ing
V d:
We are _____ of the long journey.
A. tire
B. tiring
C. tired
D. to tire
- Ch trng cn in mt tnh t nhng trong bn phng n li c hai tnh
t l tiring v tired, vy t no mi l p n ca cu. Lc ny chng ta li
vn dng kin thc ng php gii quyt vn . Khi ch ng l ngi
chng ta dng qu kh phn t; khi ch ng l s vt, hin tng chng ta
dng hin ti phn t. p n ca cu trn l tired.
Dng 2: B tr ca ng t
- Quan st cu trc ng php ca cu
V d 1:
The equipment in our office needs _____.
A. moderner
B. modernizing
C. modernized
D. modernization

Cu c ch ng l vt (The equipment) nn sau need s l mt V-ing p

n ca cu l modernizing.
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The Windy
- Mi mt loi ng t ch i vi mt dng b tr nht nh. Khi cc bn
bit c cu trc ca n ri th vic xc nh cu to ca t i sau n rt
d dng.
- Cc ng t nh: mind, enjoy, avoid, finish, keep...th ng t i sau n
lun l V-ing. Cc ng t nh: agree, aim, appear, ask, attempt, decide,
demand...th b tr lun l ng t nguyn th c to.
Dng 3: Dng thc so snh
V d 1:
Sara speaks so _____ that I cant understand her.
A. fast
B. fastly
C. faster
D. faster
- Khi trong cu c cc du hiu nh more hoc than th tnh t hoc trng
t trong cu phi dng so snh hn, c the hoc most trc trng th
tnh/ trng t phi dng so snh nht. Xt cu trn khng c cc du hiu
ca cu so snh, nn trng t fast l p n (Lu rng fastly khng tn ti
trong ting Anh).
V d 2:
That is the most _____ girl Ive seen.
A. beautifuler
B. beautiful
C. beautifulest
D. beautifully

- T cn in l mt tnh t b ngha cho girl. Trc v tr trng l the

most du hiu ca so snh nht. n y nhiu bn s chn beautifulest
v ngh rng tnh t dng so snh nht thm est cui t nhng quy tc
ny ch p dng vi tnh t ngn, i vi tnh t di (hai m tit tr ln) th
cu trc s l the most + nguyn mu tnh t.
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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

III. CU TRC CU TING ANH

1. Cu trc thng thng ca mt cu ting Anh:
hc tt phn cu to t th vic nm c cu trc c bn ca mt cu
ting Anh cng gip ch rt nhiu. Trc ht chng ta xem xt v cu n.
Thng thng mt cu gm 3 yu t cn bn l: S (ch t), V (ng t), O
(tc t). Ch t l ngi/vt thc hin hnh ng (ng t).
Tc t l ngi / vt m ng t tc ng ln.
V d:
I buy a book.
Ta s hi: Ai thc hin hnh ng mua (buy)?
Cu tr li l ti (I), vy I l ch t.
Ta hi: Mua ci g?
Cu tr li l a book (quyn sch), vy quyn sch l tc t. Ngoi 3 yu t
cn bn trn, cu cn c th c thm ni chn, thi gian.
V d:
I bought a book in a bookshop yesterday.

Cng d thy a bookshop l ni chn, v yesterday l thi gian.

Tr li 3 yu t chnh S, V, O. Khng phi lc no mt cu cng i hi
3 yu t ny v vi ring ng t ta c th phn lm 3 loi:
+ Ngoi ng t: L ng t lun lun lc c mt tc t theo sau.
V d:
- I like it (ti thch n).
Ta khng th ni: I like (ti thch) ri ngng li.
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The Windy
Mt s ng t lun l ngoi ng t nh:
Allow (cho php)
Remind (nhc nh)
Blame (trch c, li)
Rent (cho thu)
Enjoy (thch th)
Select (la chn)
Have (c)
Like (thch)
Need (cn)
Name (t tn)
Prove (chng t)

Wrap (bao bc)

Rob (cp)
Own (n)
Greet (cho)
....

V d:
I rent. (sai)
I rent a car. (ng)
+ Ni ng t l ng t khng cn c tc t theo sau
Mt s ng t lun l ni ng t
Faint (ngt)
Pause (dng li)
Hesitate (do d)
Rain (ma)
Lie (ni di)
Remain (cn li)
Occur (xy ra)
Sleep (ng)
V d:
I remain a book (sai)
A book remains. (ng)
I lie him. (sai)
I lie. (ng)
+ Cc ng t va l ngoi ng t va l ni ng t
Answer (tr li)

Touch (s)

Ask (hi)

Wash (ra)

Help (gip )

Write (vit)

Read (c)

.....

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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

V d:
I read a book. (ng)
I read. (ng)
chc chn v cch s dng chng bn nn tra t in, nu thy ghi l: v.t
(ch v l vit tt ca ch transitive) l ngoi ng t cn ghi l v.i (ch i l
vit tt ch intransitive) l ni ng t.
Cng c nhng mu cu khng c ch t nh trong cu mnh lnh.
V d:
Go!
Chng ta cng tm tt li cc cu trc ca mt cu n qua cc v d di
y:
Write! (V)
Write it! (V + O)
I write it. (S + V + O)

I buy a book in the bookshop. (S + V + O + NI CHN)

I bought a book in the bookshop yesterday. (S + V + O + NI CHN +
THI GIAN)
Mu cu thng thng:
Subject + verb + complement + modifier
V d:
I did my homework last night.
Ch ng (subject):
L tc nhn hnh ng trong cu ch ng. Ch ngha l ngi hoc vt
thc hin hnh ng trong cu, v n thng i trc ng t.
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The Windy
Ch : mi cu ting Anh u phi c mt ch ng (trong trng hp cu
mnh lnh, ch ng you c hiu ngm). Ch ng c th l mt danh t
n.
V d:
Milk contains calcium.
Ch ng c th l mt danh t hoc mt ng danh t:
V d:
This new car is Johns.

Trong mt s cu, ch ng tht khng ng v tr ch ng. There v

"it'' c th c xem l ch ng gi trong cu. Ch ng tht thng ng
sau ng t v s ca ch ng s quyt nh ng t dng s t hay s
nhiu.
V d: There are many students in the room.
There is a student in the room.

ng t (verb):
ng t i sau ch ng trong cu trn thut. N thng ch hnh ng ca
cu.
Ch : mi cu phi c mt ng t.
ng t c th l mt t n hoc mt ng ng t.
V d: Jane has been reading that book.
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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

B ng (complement):
B ng hon chnh ngha cho ng t. Tng t nh ch ng, n thng
l mt danh t hay mt ng danh t, tuy nhin n thng theo sau ng t
khi cu th ch ng.
Ch : khng nht thit cu no cng i hi phi c b ng, b ng khng
th bt u bng mt gii t. B ng tr li cho
cu hi ci g (What?) hoc ai (Whom?).
V d: He wants to drink some water.
(what does he want to drink?)
She saw John at the movie last night.
(whom did she see at the movie last night?)
T b ngha (modifier):
T b ngha ni v thi gian, ni chn hay cch thc ca hnh ng. T
b ngha thng l mt ng gii t. Ch : t b ngha v thi gian thng
v tr cui cng trong cu nu nh cu c nhiu t b ngha.
V d: I met her at the university last Monday.
T b ngha cn c th l mt ph t hoc mt ng trng t.
Lu : Mi cu khng bt buc phi c t b ngha. T b ngha khng
phi nht thit lc no cng theo sau b ng. Tuy nhin, khi t b ngha l
mt ng gii t n khng th xen vo gia ng t v b ng.
V d: Jill bought a book at the bookshop yesterday.
He was driving very fast.
John drove the car on the street.

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The Windy
2. Cc cu trc cu c bn trong ting Anh
1. It is + tnh t + (for smb) + to do smt
V d: It is difficult for old people to learn English.
2. To be interested in + N / V_ing (Thch ci g / lm ci g)
V d: We are interested in reading books on history.
3. To be bored with (Chn lm ci g)
V d: We are bored with doing the same things every day.

4. Its the first time smb have (has) + PII smt

(y l ln u tin ai lm ci g)
V d: Its the first time we have visited this place.
5. Enough + danh t ( ci g) + (to do smt)
V d: I dont have enough time to study.
6. Tnh t + enough ( lm sao) + (to do smt)
V d: Im not rich enough to buy a car.
7. Too + tnh t + to do smt (Qu lm sao lm ci g)
V d: Im too young to get married.

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