6 -

EC6
:

10/31/2009

--

 6 -

1

120kN/m

t/6

10kN/m
3.0m

0.24

=8m, 0,24m
1,
,
, 4.
2
=20/m3
:
)

)

10/31/2009

--

 6 -

()
:
=8.00>30t=30*0.24=7.2m, hef=2h
hef=0.75*3.0=2.25m=2250mm
einit=hef/450=2250/450=5.00mm

Mid
ei =
+ ehe einit 0,05t
Nid

10/31/2009

--

 6 -

Nd=130KN/m,
MEd=10*240/6=400KNmm/m

e1 = e1m + eh1 einit=400/130 + 0+2250/450=8.07mm <0.05t=12.0mm

e1=12.0mm

NEd=130+1.35(3.0*0.24*20) =149.44KN/m ( )

MEd=10*240/6=400KNmm/m
e2 = e2m + eh2 einit=400/149.44 +0+2250/450=7.69mm<0.05t=12.0mm
e2=12.0mm
10/31/2009

--

 6 -

:
=1-2(12.0/240.0)= 0.90

2ei
i =1t

Ed=130+1.35(1.5*0.24*20)=139.7KN/m ( )
1
MEd0
emk= em+ek
ek=0 em=0+0+2250/450=5.0mm
emk=5.0mm<0.05t=12.0mm
10/31/2009

--

2
5

 6 -

=1000fk m=0.85

0.85

9.37

hef/tef

hef / tef =2250 / 240 = 9.37 =1000fk

,
m=0.85
10/31/2009

--

 6 -

m
NRd=min t fd=0.85*240*fk/2.2 139.7KN/m
fk1.50 /mm2

=0.55, fm=4 /mm2

:
fk=0.55*fb0.7*4.0 0.301.50 /mm2 fb 0.70 1.80 N/mm2
fb =fbc2.32N/mm2
200mm, 300
240mm, =1.11
fbc 2.09 N/mm2
10/31/2009

--

 6 -

(/mm2)0,15
(
3mm)

1
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
3
4

0,50
0,45
0,40
0,35
0,50
0,45
0,55
0,45
0,40
0,35

600700
Kg/m3

7001500
Kg/m3

0,75
0,55
0,45
0,35
0,80
0,55
0,80
0,80
0,60

0,30
0,30
0,20
0,20

0,45
0,45

0,40
0,40
0,25
0,25

0,45
0,45

0,55

0,80

0,45

0,45

0,45

0,75

0,45

/ .
.
8

 6 -

[mm]

50

100

150

200

250

50

0.85

0.75

0.70

65

0.95

0.85

0.75

0.70

0.65

100

1.15

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.75

150

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

0.95

200

1.45

1.35

1.25

1.15

1.10

250

1.55

1.45

1.35

1.25

1.15

10/31/2009

[mm]

--

 6 -

()

fbc=8.3N/mm
:
fk=0.55*(1.11*8.3)0.7*40.3=3.91 N/mm2
:
NRd=0.85*240*3.91/2.2=362.6/m
NRd=0.90*240*3.91/2.2=383.9/m

10/31/2009

--

10

 6 -

2

1
1.0 KN/m2
.


1, (fbc =8.3N/mm2).
1: t ef = 240mm
hef = 2250mm
hef
= 9.37
t ef
10/31/2009

--

11

 6 -

:
2

12
2
24

NEd

:
_

wd
_

2
10/31/2009

--

12

 6 -

ei =

Mid
+ ehe einit 0,05t
Nid

einit =

hef
2250
=
= 5.0mm
450 450

Mw 1.0 32 / 12
ehe =
=
= 0.0057m = 5.7mm
Nid
130
:

e1 = -

400
+ 5.7 - 5.0 = -2.4mm 0.05t = 12.0mm
130

e2 = +

10/31/2009

400
+ 5.7 + 5.0 = 13.45mm > 0.05t = 12.0mm
149.44

--

13

 6 -

, :

ei
13.54
i = 1- 2 = 1- 2
= 0.89
t
240
:

emk =em +ek

M md
em =
+ e hm einit 0.05t
N md
M md
=0
N md
e hm

ek=0

einit = 5.0mm,

M mw 1.0 32 / 24
=
=
= 2.68mm
N md
139.7

e m = 0. + 2.68 + 5.0 = 0. = 7.68mm ( < 0.05t = 12.0mm )

10/31/2009

--

14

 6 -
=1000fk m=0.85

=1000fk


,
m=0.85

9.37

hef/tef

3.91
240 = 362 KN / m > 130KN / m
NRd = 0.85
2.2
10/31/2009

--

15

 6 -

3

1, 440x215x140 fb=6.6
N/mm2 I.
0,75m
4
3

5,5KN

4 KN .
10/31/2009

0.75m

0.14m

0.24m

0.150m

2.90m
--

0.125m
16

 6 -

NEd = 1,35 5,5 + 1,5 4 = 13.43KN

:
e=

240 140

= 50mm < 0,25t = 60mm

2
2
e

N Rd = A b fd

1
A
1< = 1+ 0.3 1.5 -1.1 b
hc
A ef

1.25 +

min 1.5

1
2h c

0.24
0.14

0.150
0.125

Ab

Ab
0.45
Aef
10/31/2009

--

17

 6 -

ef

hc
2900
tan 30 + 125 + 150 =
tan 30 + 125 + 150 = 1112mm
2
2
30
125

Ab
125 140
=
= 0.066 < 0.45
Aef 1112 240

150

hc=2.9m

ef

0.30 150
125 140
= 1 +
1.5

1.1

= 1.45
2900

1112 240

0.5hc

min ( 1.25 +

150
= 1.28 , 1.5) = 1.28
22900

f k = K f b0,70 f m0,30 = 0.55 6.60,7 40,3 = 3.12 N / mm2

3.12 103
N Rd = A bf d = 1.28 125 140
= 25.88kN > 13.43 = N Ed
2.7
--
10/31/2009

18

 6 -

30

2900
=
2
ef

tan 30 + 125 = 1799mm

2
Ab
140 125
=
= 0.04 < 0.45
Aef 1799 240

300.9m

125

hc=2.9m

ef

0.5hc

min ( 1.25 +
N Rd = 1.41 125 140

10/31/2009

0.3 900
125 100
= 1 +
1.5

1.1

= 1.58
2900

1799 140

900
= 1.41 , 1.5) = 1.41
2 2900

3.12
103 = 28.51kN > 13.43 = N Ed
2.7

--

19

 6 -

4


wk = 0.405KN/m2
2,
6
3

M Ed1 = 1w Ed
M Ed2 = 2 w Ed
10/31/2009

2
2

4.25m

4.25m

--

20

 6 -

f xk1
=
f xk 2
f xk1 = 0,10 MPa ,

f xk2 = 0,40MPa

4, 25
=
= 1.0
4, 25

0,10
= 0,25
0,40
h/l

2 = 0,094

0.30

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

M Ed1 = 0.0235 0.607 4.25 = 0.26 KNm / m

1.00

0.031

0.045

0.059

0.071

0.079

0.085

0.090

0.094

0.90

0.032

0.047

0.061

0.073

0.081

0.087

0.092

0.095

0.80

0.034

0.049

0.064

0.075

0.083

0.089

0.093

0.097

M Ed2 = 0.094 0.607 4.252 = 1.03KNm / m

0.70

0.035

0.051

0.066

0.077

0.085

0.091

0.095

0.098

0.60

0.038

0.053

0.069

0.080

0.088

0.093

0.097

0.100

0.50

0.040

0.056

0.073

0.083

0.090

0.095

0.099

0.102

0.40

0.043

0.061

0.077

0.087

0.093

0.098

0.101

0.104

0.35

0.045

0.064

0.080

0.089

0.095

0.100

0.103

0.105

0.30

0.048

0.067

0.082

0.091

0.097

0.101

0.104

0.107

0.25

0.050

0.071

0.085

0.094

0.099

0.103

0.106

0.109

0.20

0.054

0.075

0.089

0.097

0.102

0.105

0.108

0.111

0.15

0.060

0.080

0.093

0.100

0.104

0.108

0.110

0.113

0.10

0.069

0.087

0.098

0.104

0.108

0.111

0.113

0.115

0.05

0.082

0.097

0.105

0.110

0.113

0.115

0.116

0.117

1 = 2 = 0.25 0.094 = 0.0235

w Ed = 1.50 0.405 = 0.607 KN / m 2
2

f xk1
0.10
M Rd1 =
Z =
Z
m
2.7
M Rd2

f
0.4
= xk2 Z =
Z
m
2.7

10/31/2009

--

21

 6 -

( 1988-1-1)
0,24m
2402
Z =
= 9600 mm2 ( )
6

:
MRd1=0.355 KN/m > 0.26 KN/m = Ed1
MRd2= 1.422 KN/m > 1.03 KN/m = MEd2

10/31/2009

--

22

 6 -

,
h 4.25
4.25
=
= 17.70, =
= 17.70
t 0, 24
t 0, 24

10/31/2009

--

23

 6 -

VEd

4.25 2.125)
(
= 1.50 0.405
= 2.74 kN
2

4.25 + 2.125
VEd = 1.50 0.405 2.125
= 4.11kN
2

f v = f vo = 0, 20 N / mm2

0.20
f vd =
= 0.07 N / mm 2
2.7
VRd = 0.07 103 240 4250 = 71.4KN > 2.74KN

71.4KN > 4.11 KN

10/31/2009

--

24

 6 -

:
4,11
:
= 0,970 kN
4, 25

A 3mm 0,90m
0,9 0.970 = 0,873kN

,
s =2.5
3

: 2,5 0.873 = 2,18kN
10/31/2009

--

25

 6 -

.
2,
, fb=15 Mpa.
10 , ,
.
C12/15.
S400.
3.

=3,8m

() ()
(1) (2)
--
10/31/2009
26

 6 -

:
e=Md/Nd = 250/200=1.25m>l/6=3.8/6=0.633m.
,
:
c=3( /2-e)= 3(3.8/2-1.25)=1.95m.
:
d=d/tc =200/(0.24x1.95)=427 kPa
fvk=fvko+0.4d=300+0.4x427=471 kPa0.065fb=975 kPa.
fvd= fvk/m=471/2.2=214 kPa.
10/31/2009

--

27

 6 -

)
Vd=VRd=VRd1= fvd tc=100.2 kN
)
1) ,

:
1) ,

2)

10/31/2009

--

28

 6 -

fvk= fvko+0.4d=300+0.4x219=388 kPa
d=d/t =200/(0.24x3.8)=219 kPa.
fvd=388/2.2=176 kPa

fcvd= fcvk/c=270/1.5=180 kPa

fvk=min{fvko+0.4d, fcvk, 0.065fb}=min{176, 180, 975}=176 kPa
Vd=VRd=VRd1= fvd t =176x0.24x3.8=160.7 kN
10/31/2009

--

29

 6 -

2)
Vd=VRd= VRd1+ VRd2
VRd1= fvd t =176x0.24x3.8=160.7 kN ( 1)
VRd2=0.9Aswfyd=0.9x0.05%x0.24x3.8x400/1.15= 142.7kN
Vd=VRd= VRd1+ VRd2=160.7+142.7=303.4kN
:

10/31/2009

VRd 1 + VRd 2
= 0.33 2,0 N / mm2
tl

--

30

 6 -

6

,
5
,
, wd=3 kN/m2.

,

() ,
()
()

.
10/31/2009

..

wd=3 kN/m2

--

wsd=3KN/m2
h=3.8m

t
l=3.8m

31

 6 -

-d1 = 2 wd l2,

-d2=2 wd l2,

h/l

= fxk1/ fxk2=0.25
2= 0.039

h/=1.0

0.30

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

1.00

0.005

0.011

0.018

0.024

0.029

0.033

0.036

0.039

0.90

0.006

0.012

0.019

0.025

0.030

0.034

0.037

0.040

0.80

0.006

0.013

0.020

0.027

0.032

0.035

0.038

0.041

0.70

0.007

0.014

0.022

0.028

0.033

0.037

0.040

0.042

0.60

0.008

0.015

0.024

0.030

0.035

0.038

0.041

0.043

0.50

0.009

0.017

0.025

0.032

0.036

0.040

0.043

0.045

0.40

0.010

0.019

0.028

0.034

0.039

0.042

0.045

0.047

0.35

0.011

0.021

0.029

0.036

0.040

0.043

0.046

0.047

0.30

0.013

0.022

0.031

0.037

0.041

0.044

0.047

0.049

0.25

0.014

0.024

0.033

0.039

0.043

0.046

0.048

0.051

0.20

0.016

0.027

0.035

0.041

0.045

0.047

0.049

0.052

0.15

0.019

0.030

0.038

0.043

0.047

0.049

0.051

0.053

0.10

0.023

0.034

0.042

0.047

0.050

0.052

0.053

0.054

0.05

0.031

0.041

0.047

0.051

0.053

0.055

0.056

0.056

d1 = 2 wd l2=0.25x0.039x3x3.82=0.42 KNm/m
d2=2 w d l2=0.039x3x3.82=1.69 KNm/m
10/31/2009

--

32

 6 -

()

Rd1=fxd1Z=[0.10/2.2]x[0.242/6]=0.44 kNm/m> d1=0.42 kNm/m

(
)
Rd2=fxd2Z=[0.40/2.2]x[0.242/6]=1.76 kNm/m> d2=1.69 kNm/m

(
)
()
,
10/31/2009

--

33

 6 -

()
2

28

28

28

28

28

28

S=0.05%,
12
z=0.9t
MRd1= MRd2=z Asfyd/ =(0.9x0.24)(6x0.50)(40/1.15)/3.8=5.93 m/m
MRd1=5.93 KNm/m> Ed1 =0.42 kNm/m
MRd2=5.93 KNm/m> Ed2 =1.69 kNm/m
10/31/2009

--

34

 6 -

7

, 1.
2, ,
190x90x60 (mm), fbc = 18 Mpa

10N/mm2 (10)

3.
30cm 15 cm,
.
1 1
.
10/31/2009

--

35

 6 -
1.5m

1.2m

1.0m

0.7m

4.1m

1.5m

1.8m
1.8m

1
1.4m

5.0m

1.402.20

5.3m
0.90

1.4m

4.55m

<L/4

1.2m

4.0m
3.0m

4.70m
5.8m

1.002.20

1.0m

0.8m
0.90

1.5m

1.5m

1.5m

10/31/2009

1.0m

1.0m

1.0m

4.10m

--

1.0m

1.0m

1.0m

1.5m

36

 6 -

0.8 .
=0.84.
300mm

190x90x60

10/31/2009

[mm]

[mm]

50

100

150

200

250

50

0.85

0.75

0.70

65

0.95

0.85

0.75

0.70

0.65

100

1.15

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.75

150

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

0.95

200

1.45

1.35

1.25

1.15

1.10

250

1.55

1.45

1.35

1.25

1.15

--

37

 6 -

fk=0.80x0.45x(0.84x18)0.7x10 0.3=4.81 N/mm2
m=2.5
fd=fk/m=4.81/2.5=1.92/mm2
E
E=1000fk=4.81 x 103 N/mm2
:
: =0.15 x 25=3.75 KN/m2
= 1 KN/m2
: = 18 KN/m3
: 2 KN/m2
(3.75+1.00)x1.35+2.00x1.5=9.41KN/m2
10/31/2009

--

38

 6 -

1
1
25% ,
.

1.35G+1.5Q :
1d=26.54 KN
0.10

1d=26.54KN
e1=0.30/2-0.30/3=0.05m
M1d=e11d=1.33KNm
10/31/2009

e1

1d

0.15

--

39

 6 -

2d =26.54+1.35x18x0.30(1.8x3.2+0.7x1.0)=73.63

M 2d

n2 E 2 I 2
h2
=
n1 E1 I 1 n2 E 2 I 2 n3 E3 I 3
+
+
h1
h2
l3

w3 x l32

4
(
n

1
)
3

:
h1= h 2=3.2m, 3=5.0m
I1=I2=1.8x0.303/12=0.004m4
I3=1.8x0.153/12=0.0005m4
E1=E2=4.64*106 kN/m2 E3=27.5*106 kN/m2
n2=3, n1=n3=4
10/31/2009

--

2
3
M2d
1

3.20m
5.0m

3.20m

1.8 m

40

 6 -

Markus = 0.4068
w3=9.41x1.80=16.94KN/m :
w3x=16.94x0.4068=6.89KN/m

2d=4.88KNm

10/31/2009

--

41

 6 -

:
md=26.54+1.35x18x0.3x(1.8x1.6+0.7x1)=52.4

1.33KNm

md = 1.78kNm

0.69

Mmd

2.51
1.6

4.88KNm

: tef = t
: hef = 3 h ( 3
)
3=2/*1+(2*h/3)+ = 0.622 ( 2= 0.75)
hef = 0.622* 3.20--
= 1.99m
10/31/2009

42

 6 -

: e1 = e1d + ehe +einit = 1.33/26.54 + 0 +
1.99/450 = 0.054m>0.05t
: 1 = 1-2 e1 /t = 0.640
NRd1 = 1 x x fd x t = 0.640 x 1.8 x 1920 x0.30 = 663.6 >
26.54
.

: e2 = e2d + ehe +einit = 4.88/73.63 + 0 +
1.99/450 = 0.070m<t/2
: 2 = 1-2 e2 /t = 0.533
NRd1 = 2 x x fd x t = 0.533 x 1.8 x 1920 x0.30 = 552.6 >
73.63
.
10/31/2009

--

43

 6 -

:
em= emd + ehm einit = 1.78/52.4+0+1.99/450=0.038m
ek=0.002 hef/t (t em)0.5=0.00141m,
emk= em+ek = 0.038 + 0.001 = 0.039m>0.05t
A= 1-2 emk /t = 0.74 u = [hef/t - 2] / [23-37 emk/t ] = 0.255
: m=0.716
NRdm = mxxfd xt = 0.716 x 1.8 x 1920 x 0.30 = 742.3 > 52.4
.
10/31/2009

--

44

 6 -

8

, , 3 m, ,

1, , fb=10
MPa
M5
3
=1500 (Kg/m3)
()
90 min,
()
( 90 min)

10/31/2009
--
45

 6 -

() ..1.3 1996-1-2
( >1.0 m):
1 10 ,

=1500
=1.0

10/31/2009

--

46

 6 -

:
fb (N/mm2)
(kg/m3)
ct %

1S

1S

1S.1

5 fb 75 general purpose mortar

5 fb 50 thin layer mortar
1 000 2 400

1S.1.1
1S.1.2

(mm) tF , R tfi,d
(min)

30

45

60

90

120

180

240

100
(100)

100
(100)

100
(100)

240
(100)

365
(170)

490
(240)

100
(100)

100
(100)

100
(100)

170
(100)

240
(100)

300
(200)

100
(100)

100
(100)

100
(100)

240
(100)

365
(170)

490
(240)

100
(100)

100
(100)

100
(100)

170
(100)

240
(100)

300
(200)

1,0

1S.1.3
1S.1.4

0,6

1.1

: ,
5 fb 75
800 2 400

1.1.1
1.1.2

1,0

1.1.3
1.1.4

0,6

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47

 6 -

() 1996-1-2:
1

N Ed N Rd,fi(i
N Rd, fi(i = ( f d1 A1 + f d 2 A 2 )

f d1= K*fb0.7*fm0.3/ =(0.50 *0.80)*10 0.7 *5 0.30 /2.5=1.30

fd2 = c *f d1 =0.78*1.30=1.01 P

1 1
2 1 2
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48

 6 -
c 1 2

(
) 1.1
(2)

()

10/31/2009

oC

ccl

600

100

ccs

500

100

cla

400

100

cda

500

100

c--
700
aac

200

49

 6 -

T ()

0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900 1000 1100 1200

T (o C )

.2()
( 1) 12-20 /mm2
3

900-1200 kg/m
10/31/2009
--
50

 6 -
1.2

20 oC
150 oC
250 oC
350 oC
450 oC
550 oC
650 oC
750 oC

1.0

C=0.78

600 C

0.8

(1)
0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0

T ()

( 1) 12-20 /mm2 900-1200 kg/m3
10/31/2009

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51

 6 -

.3() t90
=100 C t=100mm ( 100 C
100mm
)
=600 C t=25mm ( 600 C
25mm
)

25mm
75mm

240mm

40mm
75mm

25mm
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52

T ( oC )

6 -
1200
t 30
t 60
t 90
t 120

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0

50

tineff30

150
(3) 30

tineff90

10/31/2009

100

200

250

t ( mm )

(3) 90

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53

 6 -

1 = 0.04m*3m=0.12m2
2 = 2*(0.075m*3m)=0.45m2
Rd,fi(i)=1.0(1.30*106*0.12+1.01*106*0.45)=610500 = 610.5

:
Rd = 1.30*106N/m2*(3m*0.24m)=936000 N= 936.0 KN

(936.0-610.5)/936=0.347= 34.7% !
10/31/2009

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54