1.

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3.

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:

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:
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,

6

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bits
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ASCII

!
American
Standard Code for
Information Interchange

Unicode

! 4 bytes,
32 bits,

10

11

bits

bits.


:

! ,

12

Bits bytes

bits

Byte
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabytes (MB)
Gigabytes (GB)

Terabytes (TB)

8 bits
Bytes
1 Bytes
1
Bytes
1
Bytes

13

 CPU:
! CPU ()
!

14

(motherboard)

15

!
CPU.
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.
!

.

16


! :
!
.
! gigahertz (GHz),

!
64-bit
! PC Macintosh
32-bit
!
8- 16-bit

17


!
CPU
!
:
!
!

18

RAM ( )

19

ROM ( )

CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)

! RAM

Flash

! , ,
, PDA
20

,



! , .

21

! 32 64
!

22

,
USB (Universal Serial Bus)

! , , , ..

Firewire

! , , ..

Express PCMCIA

!
!
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23

,
(EUVL),

.

.
24

bits .
CPU :

bits,

.

CPU .

25

CPU :

RAM ( )

ROM ( ),

!
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CPU
.
26

! ,
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27

1.

2.

3.

29

QWERTY


,

30

31

Touchpad

(pointing stick)
Trackball


(graphics tablet)

32

33

RFID (

)
34

!
!
!
!

35

bits
!

36

!
!

!


!

!

37

bits
CPU.

38

39

! , ,

:
!
!
!
!
!
!

40

:

: pixels

! Pixels ( ):

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( bit).

!

.
41

! CRT ( )
! LCD ( )
!
!
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42

VRAM

! RAM
! ,
.

43

:

!
!

44

!

!

45

!

! /

! .

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46

MFP
, fax modem.
plotter ,
.

47

()
! :

!
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!

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!
!

! PC

!

48

! PC :

!
!

!

49

bits

!
!
!
!
!
!

50

51

52

(1.44 MB)

! ,

! ,

!

53

54