ARTICLES A and an are indefinite articles. They refer to objects that have not been specifically identified. A book is on the table. The is a definite article. It refers to a particular object. The book that I am reading is on the table. Complete the following sentences with the correct article. 1. —______ chair you are sitting in is very comfortable. (The chair you are sitting in is very comfortable.) There is _________ pencil [no particular pencil) on the desk. There is ________ customer (no particular customer} outside who wishes to see Mrs. Winston. 4, ________ customer whom Mr. Garp telephoned this morning is here now. 5. [want to find ________ good book (no particular book) to read tonight. 6, —______ book which I am reading now belongs to Leslie. 7. _______ book which gave me the greatest pleasure was Les Miserables. 8. ________ good book (any good book) is always a pleasure for me. 9. Do you have ______ cigarette? {no particular cigarette] 10. ________cigarette which Judy is smoking has a strange odor. 11. Imust buy _______ new briefcase. (At this point I have no particular briefcase in mind.} 12, ______ new briefc4se which I bought yesterday is made of leather. (It is now a definite briefcase.) 13. Pete bought _______ new hat yesterday in Macy’s. (As yet no definite hat.) 14, _______hat which Pete bought in Macy’s yesterday (now a definite hat) arrived this afternoon. 15. Talso bought _______"_ new hat in Macy’s yesterday. (Though perhaps a definite hat to me, it is still not a definite hat to my listener.)MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF Much is used with noncountable nouns; that is, things that cannot be counted and do not add s to show plurality. These nouns do not normally have plural forms. much sugar much rain much coffee Many is used with plural countable nouns. many cups of sugar many cans of coffee many students many books A lot of is used interchangeably with much and many. A lot of is the most commonly used term of these three. a lot of sugar a lot of books a lot of love A. Complete the following sentences with much or many. 1. There aren't _______ large factories in this town. (There aren’t many large factories in this town.) 2. He doesn’t spend _______ time on his English. 3. Does this factory produce _______ different kinds of products? 4. Does she spend ________ money on clothes? 5. Is there _____ oil in Venezuela? 6. He doesn’t drink _______ milk. 7. Does he have ________ friends in this school? 8. There aren’t ______ mountains in that part of the country. 9. There isn’t ________ milk in this pitcher. 10. How —_______ time do you spend on your English every day? 11. How ________ windows are there in your classroom? 12. How ________ times a week do you go to the movies? 13. How —_______ money do you spend on textbooks each semester? 14. He doesn’t make ________ mistakes in spelling. 15. There isn’t ________ snow on the ground. 16. She doesn’t drink _______ coffee. 17. How —_____ cups of coffee do you drink every day? 18. There weren’t ________ students absent yesterday. B. In which of the sentences in Exercise A can you substitute a lot of for much or many? 69THIS/THAT; THESE/THOSE This indicates that something is near us; that indicates that it is at a distance. This book is in my hand. That book is over there on the table. The plural of this is these; the plural of that is those. These books are in my hand. Those books are over there on the table. Change the following sentences from singular to plural. 1. This exercise is easy. (These exercises are easy.) 2. This room is too small for our class. 3. That pen on the floor is Sarah’s. 4. This pack of cigarettes belongs to William. 5. That boy on the other side of the street is George’s brother. 6. That book is out of date. 7. That purse on the table is Elizabeth’s. 8. This is my English book. 9. That is Henry’s pen. 10. This message is for you. 11. That letter on the table is for Ms. Thaler. 12. This is my pen, not Sandy's. 13. That mountain in the distance forms part of the Rocky Mountains. 14. This car belongs to my father. 15. That office at the end of the hall is the administration office. 14 16. This chair is very comfortable.