EVOLUTION

EVOLUTION
Organic evolution
refersknow
to changesitin really
species (populations)
over time.
How
do we
happens?

A.) Evidence for Evolution

1. Paleontology - Fossil Evidence
Fossils are any traces or
remains of an organisms
Fossil deposits are often
found in sedimentary rock
layers.

Sauropod found in Niger

a) Transition fossils represent intermediate evolutionary

forms of life from one type to another
ARCHAEOPTERYX

One of many transition fossils between reptiles and birds.

b) Index Fossils fossils found over a large geographic area but

existed during a short geologic period of time.

2. Biogeography - uses geography to describe the distribution of

species
Ex. Marsupials are common to Australia, yet marsupial fossils have been
found all over the world. They migrated by land to Australia before the
continents drifted apart and diversified into many different forms.

3.Embryology - reveals similar stages in development (ontogeny)

among related species. These similarities help establish evolutionary relationships
(phylogeny).

Ontogeny
Recapitulates
Phylogeny

4.Comparative Anatomy b
a) Homologous Structures similar
structures due to a common ancestor but have different
function- body parts that have similar structure but different
functions
Ex. Forelimbs of cats, bats, whales, and humans (common ancestor)

b) Analogous Structures - body parts that have similar

functions but different structures
Ex. Bird wing and butterfly wing (adaptations for flying)

c) Vestigial Structures - structures that

do not have any function.
They are studied because they are believed to be remnants from ancient
ancestors

NAME THE VESTIGIAL ORGAN..

APPENDIX

WISDOM TEETH

ARRECTOR PILI

5.Molecular Biology - examines the nucleotide

and amino acid sequences of different species
Closely related species share higher percentages of nucleotide
sequences than species that are more distantly related.
Ex. More than 98% of the nucleotide sequences in humans and
chimpanzees are identical

SUMMARY