CLASS : X -30- ENGLISH NOTES With Theory 4 Practice Exercises Definition: Classes in which words are categorized (according to their function in a sentence) are called parts of Speech. PART DEFINITION | EXAMPLE Noun | enames a person, a place or @ ASADKARACHI PEN | thing | Person) (Place) (Thing) | itis a naming word. | Pronoun It is used instead of a noun He is a teacher. | | (He — person) ‘Adjective | It adds extra meaning toanoun. _| He is a tall boy. | | (Tall - Adjective) Verb Ttindicates an action. Itisan ‘Write, Work, Go. action word. j verb. if ‘He runs (verb) slowly (adverb) Adverb _| It adds extra an adjective | —- | The ball is very (Adverb) big | meaning anadverb, |_| (Adjective). | | |__| He runs very (Adverb) slowly | (adverb). | Preposition | It is placed before a noun | Come before (Preposition) | or a pronoun with Time 5 o'clock (time) | | the indication of | The cat is on (Preposition) the wall. Place, (Place) etc. ASAD and ZAIN go to school. (Words) [ | Conjunction | Words | | It connects ovo] Sentences, ASAD goes to school and he leams. | (Sentence) | { | Interjection Sudden feelings | Alas! He is dead it expreses { si | Hurrah! He won the game. surprise. | ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS. -31- ENGLISH NOTES PREPOSITION Definition: It comes before a noun or a pronoun with the indication of time, place, ete pee RULE | USAGE [1 [A preposition is usually placed before a’ Many people die of malaria every year. | noun or pro noun it governs. i 2 | A preposition can be placed at the | a) To whom did you give his book? j beginning of a sentence. b) In which shop did you buy this pen? 3 _| Sometimes the preposition is placed last | a)Our president is known all our the world for the sake of emphasis. over b) This they insist on 4 | There are many word which can used _| a) Ayesha was here before eight. both as a preposition and as an adverb | b) Umair has not done this sort of work | before, | 5. | There are certain words which always | a) They refused to refuse his earnest request. take the infinitive after them b) We agree to disagree with you on these | points. Simple | In, on, at, from, to, of, up. for, with. til, out, through. ete. ‘Compound | Between, beside, below., before, above, among, around, without. etc. Phrase | Because of, in orderto. in place of, inaddition to, etc. [—| Time He stayed her for many years. Place ‘They ran across the road. | ‘Manner He fought with courage. | Reason He is suffering from fever. This placed before « non Gra feces | —lipanose He sacrificed eventing frie chilren. | with the indication : of —| Possession | [ This is a building of Kamran {| Contrast For all his fortune. he is not |—[_Coneessio | | With all his faults. she adores | ebianl| [>aaenamnerees| ‘A PRESENTATION OFRDAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X 232. ENGLISH NOTES Practice Exercises 1 Fill in the appropriate prepositions: | Shah Abdul Latief’s Urs is held his shrine. 2 Wait me till I come, 3. Sheis very fond eating sweets. 4, Theking asked the saint bring a glass water. 5. He had great love Pakistan. 6. Heiis looking the job. 7. Switch the radio and T.V. 8 Switch all the lights. 9. He did not act my advice. 10. She put anew dress. 11... We promised to look this matter. 12, He has been ill the 1* of March. 13. — Imet him yesterday the way. 14. Itis quarter to nine my watch, 15. He begged him mercy. 16. Heis senior me. 17. You should not laugh the poor. 18. Sheis sure her success. 19. Manis a quite different other animal 20. I succeeded winning the prize. 21, Hehasnotwritten __me many months. 22. He got this the book shop. 23. They walked the post office. 24. Heis interested stamp collecting 25. The ship will sail Pakistan Tuesday. 26. © They leam cook their mother. 27. Youmust be alert the examination. 28. John took care my dog while I was away. 29... My parents did not approve myplan____live___my uncle. 30. | My book is different yours. 31. Mybrotherwas____sitting with me. Ali jumped the sea. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -33- ENGLISH NOTES 34. 35. 36. a7. 38. 39, 40. 4 42. 2B. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49, 50. 51. 52. i 34, 55. 56. 57. 58 Se 60. 61, 62. 63. 64, 65. The soldiers do not care their lives; The servant was punished his master. Trust God. Thave applied one day’s leave The boy followed the footsteps his father. Several persons died ___cholera Jast week The injured were admitted the hospital. I was invited see a magic show ‘You are answerable Allah your actions. Beg forgiveness this gentlemen your misdeeds. Later___ he served as a minister and gamed a great deal ____ experience. King Faisal was devoted __ Islam and lived according its reaching. Tired___city life. Build left the city Women all over India participated __the struggle ___ independence. Their dress was embroided_silk thread. ‘They thanked him __. "performing the job. Mother is grateful -you__your concer about her health. amrmmripe’ ss ot aa. 8 ON oat 1am getting late school. or OE ANe GT? ‘The examination begins nae eat jumped the other side. : He is like a brother me. He is blind one eye. He swore God. I said it his face I prefer death dishonor. Arshad is sitting the tree. He came to see me 5 A.M yesterday. Mr Hamid is not the room, Bashir walked the room. He distributed money the two. He refused distributed the property his four sons. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRESENTENCES J DEFINITION EXAMPLE Declarative | A sentence that makes a statement is called | He is going to school. I | a Declarative sentence. | | interrogative | A sentence that makes a question is called | What is your name? | an Interrogative sentence. Imperative | A sentence that expresses a command ora | Don't move. request is called an Imperative sentence. | Exclamatory | A sentence that expresses a sudden feeling | What beautiful flower this is! | \ | is called an Exclamatory sentence. Simple ‘A sentence that has one main clause is In spite of his poverty, he helps called a Simple sentence | others. | ‘Compound | A sentence that has two or more main | She is slow, but she is sure, clauses is called a Compound sentence. _| [Complex ‘A sentence that has one main clause and | Though he is poor. he helps ‘one or more subordinate clauses is called 2 | others. Complex sentence. ‘Negative | A sentence that makes a sense of negation | He is not going to school. | is called Negative sentence. Simple sentence: A sentence that -has one main clause is called Simple Sentence. Eg: In-spite of his poverty he helps others. (He heips others - one main clause) ‘Compound Sentence: A sentence that has two or more main clauses is called Compound Sentence, Eg: He is poor but he helps others. (He is poor; he heips others — two main clauses) ‘Complex Sentence: A sentence that has one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses are called Complex Sentence, Eg: Though he is poor; he helps others. (He helps others — one main clause) (Though he is poor — one subordinateclause) ‘SIMPLE ‘COMPOUND COMPLEX | SENTENCE SENTENCE | ___ SENTENCE _| She punished her son | Her son was disobedient | As her son was for disobedience. and so she has punished | disobedient, she | him. punished him, Besides writing the | Henotonlytheletter | After he had written the letter, he posted it. __| but also posted it. letter he posted it. In the event of your being late, you will be punished. The box is tooheavy | The box is veryheavy | The box is so heavy that | to lift it. | so he cannot life it, _| he cannot lift it. | ‘You must both belate If your are late, you will | or you will be punished. | be punished. | ‘A PRESENTATION OFRDAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : x -35- ENGLISH NOTES 10. 11. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Practice Exercises 2 IQRA COPY CENTER Change the following sentences into Negative. R318/4, 50-3 North Karachi His parents live in Dubai. Seseeanis/s Tlike them for being far. A bicycle costs much. ‘This shopkeeper gives short measure, ‘The boy flies a kite, We play all the time, He forgets his previous lesson. Your mother teaches in a college, Ali takes it to heart, Wagas eats rice daily. ‘They shut the door quickly, She abused your mother. ‘They think in the right way. The girl broke the glass. We won the final match, She lost her wrist watch. A PRESENTATION OFRDAMJEECO ACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING by Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS :X -36- ENGLISH NOTES. 17. The hunter shot at the bird. 18. Your friends swam very well. 19, He left his bag in the class. 20. — We wore best of our dress. 21. Tsaw the new moon. 22. She loves her children. 23. told him a new story. 24, You took two books from the shop. 25, He returmed my camera. 26. I slept well last night. 27. - They paid the utility bill. 28. . The police carried the criminals to the jail. 29. - iis father bought @ new flat. 30. They built a grand building in the market. 31, We shall send him a message. 32. He will apply for a new job. 33, You will see this program tomorrow. 34, She will dance in the party. A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -37- ENGLISH NOTES 35. 36. a7 39. 41. 42. 43. 45, 47. 49, 50. St. 52, It will cost you much, Karim will sit near the window. ‘These circumstances will bring a change in him. T shall allow you to sit in my class. They will treat us gently. This bus will go to Murree. We shall set them free. You will obey them. She will drive the car alone. ‘They will call on him in the evening. Zain will solve this problem T have sent them too early. st She has done it herself. 4 ras eS Fast 1? We have got our books. ee seat The tailor has sewn my cloths, ‘The fire has caught the nearby shops. ‘They have seen it before. The thieves have stolen all the valuables of the house. A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X. 238: ENGLISH NOTES 53. 54. 55. 59. 60. You have written a good essay. We have wasted our time. She has taken a final decision. The judge has ordered the police to pursue the thieves. The gardener had watered the plants. We had crossed the border line. They had demanded a heavy amount. She had pleased all the guests. Practice Exercises #ORA cory R104, 563 forth 0333-24413879 Change the following sentences into Interrogative. Your friend will betray you. Alia will come to Pakistan the next year. Tshall remind you after a week. He has taken a risk in this matter. You will have closed this chapter. We had exchanged our seats. ‘You have not mentioned it. Tt has happened to them two times. ‘A PRESENTATION OFRDAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -39- ENGLISH NOTES 9. 10. ll. 12) eh 14. 15) 16. 17. 18. 19. 20, 21. 24. 25. 26. The Principal will praise her work. ‘The boys will be making a noise in the class. All the girls had done very well. The cat will have killed the mouse. ‘The men cut down the tree. ‘The hunter had shot the tiger. ‘The mischievous boys have blocked the road. My cousin will have drawn these pictures. They will conquer the peak of Everest. T shall not tell the mother about you. ‘They will not make a room for him. We have not worn the clean dress. 2 om CH 1am working hard these days. e prs Dens’ He is not telling a le. we They are being informed. She is not applying for a new job. You were swimming in the river. They will be calling you, A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X ee. a 27. 28. 29. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 40. 41, 42, 43. 44. The nurse has injected him. The acrobat was walking on the rope carefully. She was not building castles in the air. He has carried out the orders of his master. Thave not refused him to come back. They had sold out their old house. Birds were flying in the air. Parents were looking for their lost child. He is not sleeping in your room. ‘The gardener was watering the plants. Salim will be waiting for you., ce ‘The driver was not driving the bus fast. The girls were cleaning the room. Twas not being informed. We were watching the cricket match. His mother will have been calling him. The boys were not following the rules. She is not leaving the country for good. "A PRESENTATION OFADAMEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X 41- ENGLISH NOTES 45. The old man had seen many ups and downs of life. 46. ‘The patient was growing worse. 47. Tables were tured on us at the last pinch. 48, ‘They were winding up their business due to loss. 49, We are not making a fun of them. 50. They cannot dare to jump so high. 51. He learns his lesson daily. 52. She keeps her promise. 53. They Iie beside your house, 54. Alisleeps early. 55. We abide by the rules, =. Ho se 56. Your friend drives the car very fast. 57. His father gets up early. 58. Tt rains in summer. 59. He spends all his money in useless things. a 60. The sun shines brightly. 61. That lady sings a melodious song. 62. The baby cries for her mother. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREGLASS :X. 42. ENGLISH NOTES 63. They play cricket in the evening. 64. Your parents love you. 65. Nasir runs a shop in Saddar. 66. She teaches English well. 67. Mice fear cats. 68. _ We respect our teachers. 69. Noman flies a kite. 70. — She bakes nice cakes. 71. Owls sleep in the day time. 72. Tsay my prayers reguiariy. 73. This train goes to Sadiqabad. 74. You know Arabic language. 75. — She takes exercise every morning. 76. — Most boys waste their valuable time. 77. The goods train carries goods only. 78. He always speaks the truth. 79. Najma and Fouzia go to college regularly. 80... «We saw him in the playground, A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X 43. ENGLISH NOTES 81. 82. 85. 87. 89. 91. 92. 93. 95. 97. 98. T took a cup of hot coffee. ‘The plane took off. You broke the old record. ‘They met him in his office, ‘The rain brought down the temperature. He made several mistakes. ‘The police caught the dacoits red handed. ‘The minister issued the order of his transfer. She sang thrilling songs. We bought a new house. He found his lost book. » ‘The dog ran after a cat. You drew your first salary. We wrote a letter to the Editor of the Dawn. The soldiers fought bravely. ‘The farmers grew wheat in great quantity. ‘Their brothers left India forever. ‘The boys stood up at his arrival. A PRESENTATION OFRDAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. x 44. ENGLISH NOTES. You hurt your knee yesterday. The child slept for two hours. She does not quarrel with me. Ido not wear a black shirt. You cannot enter the class. They did not win the match. We did not try again and again. He does not work hard. Karim does not look handsome. Najma does not wake up early. ‘The manager did not call you. Your friends do not fulfill the promise. Practice Exercises 4 Change the following sentences into Assertive form. Did they do according to my instruction? Does she obey her parents? ‘Are we happier than our forefathers? Did the boy jump into the pond? A PRESENTATION OPADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS :X 45 ENGLISH NOTES 5. Does she take interest in her studies? 6. Dowe not do our duty properly? 7. Did Maryam get first prize? 8. Does her mother teach her at home? 9. Do they get better crop in this way? 10. Did Nadia go with her father? 11. Do your friends work hard like you? 12, Did the teacher punish the naughty boys? 13. Do Inot go there alone? 14. Ishe fiying a kite? 15. Are they swimming delightfully? iN 16. Am Thelping them? co stg, oan ass! 17. Was your brother present yesterday? g 18. — Were those students obeying you? 19. Was she taking rest? 20. Will they take refuge in these circumstances? 21. Has she brought your book? 22. Had the hunter Killed the fierce lion? ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREGLASS : X 46- ENGLISH NOTES. 23. Have the guests taken food? 24. Has the peon rung the bell? 25. Have you found the book? 26. Has the rain stopped now? 27. Have you found the book? 28. Will this criminal turn over a new leaf? 29, — Will they have finished their work? 30. — Will the teacher have begun the new lesson? 31. Will they not enjoy the party? 32. Shall we not disobey him? 33. Will the stranger not trust you? 34. Will their friends leave them in the lurch? 35. _ Will those policies be not applied? Practice Exercises 5 yoga coPY © ransformation RAIS Ee (Transfor ) 3s324eiel? Change the given sentences as directed. 1. She sleeps. (Change into negative) 2. They are washing their cloths. (Change into interrogative) A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING ° By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X. AT~ ENGLISH NOTES 3, 10. il. 12, 3B. 14, 15, 16. v7. 18. 19. They were sitting in the park. (Change into interrogative) Twill go with you to the market. (Change into Past indefinite) You will be going to attend the class. (Change into interrogative) He has performed his duty well. (Change into negative) ‘They have visited Lahore last year. (Change into interrogative) She will have given her gift. (Change into Present Indefinite) They had been studying in this school since 19992. (Change into Negative) ‘They had been walking for two hours. (Change into Negative) 68 We shall have been a working with him for tiwo:days, (Change into inierooet Ce one ve oF ants ‘0 We sold the car. ; i (Change the reas ae You were going to market. =. <2(Change into Present indefinite) ‘They will join college this year. (Change into interrogative) ‘The doctor will be checking the patient. (Change into past perfect) ‘They have been preparing for the examination since morning, (Change into interrogative) ‘They had been listening to music for two hours, (Change into negative) We shall have been waiting for him for two hours. (Change into interrogative) The teacher will be coming in the dass. (change into past perfect) A PRESENTATION OPRDAMIJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREeae — 20. We have seen a movie tonight. (Change into negative) 21. They had gone to Islamabad last week. (Change into interrogative) 22. _ He will have done this work. (Change into negative) 23. We have been listening to her lecture for two hours. (Change into negative) 24. They had been watching the movie for three hours. (Change into negative) 25. He will have been cooking for two hours. (Change into interrogative) 26. Thad delivered a message. (Change into past indefinite) 27. She will have met him. (Change into negative) 28. They have been playing cricket Since morning. (Change into future continuous) 29, He had been learning the lesson for two hours.-(Change into negative) 30. She will have been writing for twohours. (Change into interrogative) 31. They playin the ground. (Change into interrogative) 32, Weare talking to them. (Change into past indefinite) 33, He brokeacup. - (Change into Negative) 34, She was reading a book. (Change into future continuous) 35. Iwill go to Lahore. (Change into interrogative) 36. You will be eating an apple. (Change into negative) 37. He has completed his work. (Change into past indefinite) ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS: X -49- ENGLISH NOTES 38. They had beaten him. (Change into present indefinite) 39. Tshall have given him the message. (Change into negative) 40. They have beaten him, (Change into interrogative) 41. You had been cooking for two hours. (Change into negative) 42, _ We shall have been living with him for two days. (Change into interrogetive) oom cof atta sy ce “ee? & ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE