a RESEARCH METHODS IN ANTHROPOLOGY Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches H. Russell Bernard"Aegis reserved. No pot ofthis bok may be reproduced wind in any frm orby sn ens, electronic or mechanical ieudng potecopying, Contents ‘eorsing 0€ by my ifornation somage and weal ste, without ‘emlsion in Wil om he pblses Pe mas as rd AGB Pann, We of } skeen oe | Pa ee Mnwlepre Andon Ss See sxc 2 The fod of Ss Rech =n | 5 anteopoy nt Reeat Des hin + Selig inthe United States of America |S. Choouing Research Problems Sites, and Methods Lat of Cag agen Dt 6 theLtene Seash ns Ret any say 1 pai Oban cht nc ee oe sa aap a 1 cman ide Trane |. oes: t,o Maas Tem cage Metodciny 1 Tie 1b rot Se “! 4 goens 12 Queso a Suey Rese 15. Seales and Sealing 14 Ditet, Reactive Obreaion 95 96 97 8 ORT 6S ase 15, Ut Sys rodcton Bor: lai L, Hunter 16 Analysis of Qualtave Daa m ns 136 180 280 a0 m 00ct te Tbe Ch Mg Ts 1, whco wo i hose NSF-rupoced id cools in cla entre 'esrited in Chapt 1 Kenny and bed initialy on ou ova ce wih field notes nd we boomed freny fom te expense Peg calleagcs. The methoe we developes—iavolviag Jungs, {28 ly To, aod tee Kinds of formal moter war ted by 40 cial patina te United Sate nd Mexico sad aba een Se ens ner, fcr mirosompotts cae on th See) nd Tegen to tha aD sig machines woelp manage texal iBecnrd & Evans, 1983) Mo hina ea be ad abot the metho I'm ging oy ou ee (2) gers ad (9) 3 ot he oly way odo things, Yo develop your Tibi of wring etd sts and ei yout ows ile wicks a You go ‘le ath tne method deste in th chapter wll lp You work BSc king fel notes andtwlallow ou tosewch oug> | emily areas to ok fr velionsgs in your data {wish That | rio method whee ae doing my own MA snd PD Selden ent | fis norco had Ben sve he, 09 Field Notes: How to Take, Code, and Manage Them ‘The Four Types of Fle Notes: Jottings the Diary, the Log, and the Notes Josings Fea jengs—or wha Roger Sj cls “seach sses"(1890:96)— seeuhat go youthoughthe day. Hagan memo) ia ery pox teoring ven caps forte Kindo Seale that make te ference Between od snd so-s antopolopclteserch Keeps te pad with Yu all fins en mate fel ogy oa he sot TRs apples to bot foal nd ‘cecal imtrvioes tht you conduc th peopl. im Bate a cal fone, aad onthe set, To spies to things hat js sie you e you te walking along ecg wil provide you with he tigger oa need trea alo ets ‘at you dont have mew write dows wile you're sbseviag events Seeing fo an informane Gren few key words wl og You memory lr Remeber Ifyou dent wate dow, i's gone Ofcourse, tear tins when yoa)ustcan take nots Mass reich sie iscatch withthe Mabavks i= Drookyn, New York, ad on the Caygheags reservation, 10 ies south of Moa, othe 1950s Te Aig lot of parteipaat obssvaion in ubat anda Freiich ells i vey Sn he pulled our a notebook his audience became ste So, Fe te ws wane we geaiave meds bene se ee tho ca eine ean ep & Bog, 983) _Attirteti ate manny outa an Th pes (of mil pefommasces and of ectatos of eles hd mts. detopes (od eeemosis, dances, aed every ace ‘hotogaph,newspape clippings, weneipaon of foal intervie, ote om otal trvews aes of persona lees, exis wien sive people aout he ws ives ad cous, ld ots This cape {focus ld noter—how to write thew, howto cde thom and ow 16 manage them The lesions tou coding od mung {ll ots apply font welt amsrpsofiervews aw oe The metod [ ptesat hee fot making and codlieg fil aes wah evelop and tse byte ate Mishel Keen and me between 96708pt sal cok in hihi pocket nd weal pei Soin thee’ oom ate bt mie ow jae lich 197 Ag itm Sacre ed aby i pedi oe rive hte gp When Hons Rowdomiter aber torah concen Mga Spin 852 te tot steytow nocron sermons oA a Suc iy pst way ig, rama (366105) ‘esyamopolght uns to stanions whee is pose wo ute sc aay appetite el! your nr fr andr sont goss jinn ety ney tdi ot aceboy! pocket Yard espe, few ofthese sans ie ae Doty to tng down {ex any ove ery wo Re Rigor “Tey et se sole of enna moet wen yu ae your feds, wets hatselsa peasant igo or compere fe {epee know fom te vet ny you sie that ou se a ‘aj nay of Me. Doo ty to econ an ncnpcoos pra {ahs han wat ou el eon osc nb wen pupa inch spon Paipnobseaton mens ot yt fopeamce {Be iicyornfomants the exe pombe Sosa’ met hays {i tomelimothe begun snd econ fly ssped sembeo Stn tern pos ove sonal imonnbleto dsnyway. Aftrthe deca ofoming nd soln in Indian ils Meco, ie sre am sad Eneyettotecomethe spent icompewar Behn i pop fn ec your note pal 0a of he Ue pone Aa oar ‘Sima for th porsaon to take sts wie oe se tng fea pol do want you ak nt, hey you Ot hey my wn ose gous A see ecco of a {ideo woreda gay cap in ako He wos wae ops ‘cts snp fom ts igs hes ley Hak ering a he feted he y's sho ns long witha pen os ste) one ‘reryoneto ok at Some of teen tock he ne sei pa or ‘Stag comments onthe nas yon ni chaque woth ont the TV-news eles Tha whe epl el ou thie thy want eveyone techs the nw poe ong lo ends whee hyo ‘she si, "andthe notebook it The Diary Note te bated on obserraton tht wil frm he asi of your pabl- avons Aiton he ber hand, is eon Ia place whee Sou ca Attn ison Te Cate on Manet Te ns snd hide when hinge pst sug You shy ned» ding he wily yo ein, ens ce eons a te peau es sy ona you fo aon ou privy non with dos aon ou goto any ssnese ine es yeu shad lta yn day veneer wle ‘Sihetapening yuan utter apn ot tiny the cat a re ona taralon rch pogo yc ‘ny ato ding tain you Sy ce npn ete scant wl pe yoo meatal Ep oe eye lee nd il acon se oo Fora mpi gs» ny jw veo nd Bp zpos fo ou cha fine He Baw spe oe ‘ws May tn, 9 west tsi ee Ap immersing 18 maton asad ears Boo ie ‘hans wiyin gh csr ete, he re Soa s0) pee hi lente Heeisoneconctom ts extends or Decent of Png My eet Db os ape ‘odyngo ior ecole tnd wen ew Life ‘Seroyal and shud Toate lah wien emer at ing or meno hgh ow goo yyw plum ce toute Bt yous nea wht an fo asa Rone ge hte bpm be Mr Kava gond an! Te conti ‘hiro rue of tone nd ol ein som at ‘inc nda Easingeaiog alco, sel meni et ‘bbe mc! up nth ae anergy ale Ts FU (pea consent o Ea HS) ‘ely sneer Users, Oe hd tng ok {ent tamatielpanyell renal by sveieen andere ee ‘coset ste ata bel oo de ‘sen id 2) Bisiw Maaowshi seat muchof Wold Wa apedin te Tobia’ Ina He to, mised i fine and Europea ety a occa) Iushed ot athe robles his day (Malic, 196)Mody £18 110 Sak hgh Be lags Man Spec ine ated ei ae Bininwst foe Bal oe ba eo ene aati toa goss Pond ad te ne Roe Teed, 34 Latah thc mcs oes he ony ‘telnet of Ys, ie ‘atiystneme orale eae eryaing 27 caida yn Wek he pou ag ean ‘nthe mong ott and Ten fe Taps Then ea ‘ore Atri ht a with owe en wee coin Wie ela (iy endo Keaggy wee ig Iida (sesopas pects) Tetroterand meee hee ha ‘heron wanton an sep wet ur sn sd eet ga When ear back ecw ot ong Dai my a cup aso ny re ee Ancol ce fr A ay treme ey Dean awa Rei pent Ton ine Ascenso ep 253254 8, 35298) ‘eldrk en tne xptiece ht wilt yur bitty oat os ‘scent under ometine tessa cndios Your day Wil ge oun ‘tee itn tgs You dnt wast become pata public ‘bison of Mainowsk' and Boas aves have Melped make al ls kr amare tht hey ae ot lone itera lok ctl spend your ined how ac ney Fu spent 800 ot {Sete to ding temas Rldwork ant acting oth aie "sit log should be ep in ound boks of lank ined pages Thre ‘ae scedile planning compater programs, of cous, but spe hey sit eve take he Pace of ig cumky lobook fo atropoloa etre Det es snp ie sbook fr yous fog i he ed You mish keepin you pocket for jotngs Use beak seued 6” 8 vor one even ape ‘cha yousenthe eld abou be erste ya double pg of the log Th pgs onthe et shoul itt Ju plan oo ay 8 125 Te tang pges wileceat wht you ally cnc day see Hoo ae Ce od Manag Te vs ein yor lp on paps 2 aed 3. at he tem the tp of cventunbced paste ot Ths go tough thc soso a Se este ison the evecare pee Dy i hi Mihm cei norwich go snag oe sy Remo Feibcs cit vedas g pages devo ce “hts or twothayutatenlog you wits erik pau thryoutesp nck ot wher you boo yo sea ht yon Tat Sone yo fie ery tog od wah ae ks pr tooo keane othe eo on non dc tne fa oh ns hen bey we o he ter Toop lated lef 35 ved rslc ony poe feumcas onsen Wollmaleit waco wren oie yore Sn wa orth is ow wks teas ad hes fo 2-wek pen st aos sic injue B88 tp dows tet yout Sd wl ono peo yous ig Selon Insel his wit dwn ‘Sevou at tan ow mes yo mn on ims we fom oo enw You wel obama eerste ou germ "Ars rt, sou lpn oc cn ec fe avyon gotcha ou wl ink ying 8 Tove Kaw bt corse See so Wie tho hg dows You rok orn yong. When you ri op you fel, hk Mauthosme mde incrion when aes oe eng ert ng you wend ht hy Tig fenelho opens ng nde eno finding ch chgot pe ae os us Gay Winding snes ‘ic ht out pri th pt eon ae iste Tyen dst heron an hen a doe Sun oftonone whom yon se sat youts ght on Spas oe yng asad ye Ap S08 scope an menian clea MI Sh sy tts he Il pevcnnen tok oe chesney nr as Shey deci i Woke nt yout nya Tog ‘Sin mar rte andro te chops aon whe yuo tng wp ester oy Src mt inerew te pica on te yorkie eae ne ats hak i ts nh sunt el tute ow elem On he ‘etl ues Apl yoo eng on rire ouch thsi Onst hand ge ap Tone meskes ‘ofan on 2d chal pps Fr agi y rane Sednoweinens wih noe boat no clon[As som 8 you thik tht you ned Yo knowhow many Klatt owe, ot elvly were bused in village, te deonce pice betwen Sh sé off» boat an the same sh Sold ln the local atket, commit ouslfa your log to speci te when you wily foresee the Stesons Wheto the queton you tisk of egies» formal spine ‘tone ta eraonal aberration, oa normal nerve as, ie lows none ofthe lel tant paps of yout 1 ‘Dont wen the plated aii lop you creator yous winds op ‘ooking at lke he eves you atsly engage fom dy to dy Frankly, youl he tacky to do al the things oa Want oo, much lee oem when ya want The inpostan ting so fil tos ef-bans ‘sce ut in heft you ca, ih pei information that SJouresd and sper ke you nad to prom fog that nfrmaten Thr i aot jst Because fou Want tows your ine effectively, ta because the process of buléng log forces you ts tisk Sard about he ‘oertons yoo rely wan 10 aesver in your euch and he daa you {eal ned. You wi sta an) il serch project knoiag soe of be {oertione you se lttestd im Bu hose qussows may cRanBe; You may {2iSome, an top ees your enti eraphass may sil The right-tnd paper of the log se for tecodiag What Jou seul scemplh each ay" As Tsai youl be apa fst Bow Tle ‘emlane tie lela sd te ight and pages veto one ance erent thet god fed nes do ot depend on te punta of fous ‘vor your ty 10 doll he things you want do Tey depend on yeu ‘Sesac wank over sti ime Hsrenfrane dat show wpe ‘poinments (sd fen hey en) you can ease wheter #0 ou rede dla you tougt you wee going to get tom he You 30, Tien pata stent e-hand page forth sme dy, ore ety, ‘St the inom and echt apne Tf youstil haven sk, yuna have acide wets wor area yor net sk downs purus neat apres pice of erm tm Your ng ll you how mi tine you've spest ont akon and wit tine te Sco cx Tht’ pet ne everycing when Jou k Sve potmoniesechiag teo ou Buc you ol ave ie eum ‘tine two get fi. ad te ine goer ey go Field Notes Tha as he Kinds of aoe: pots an mathad and ecg; ehse- raph, descriptive peter and woes ht dass sues provide an uta Howl Ca ae Mang em w Methodological Notes Matdolgicl oes dea with etniguein coleting a Ifyou wrk outa tetr way to kep ang than ve described ere don tot ae You rt opin your fel ate ad pbs a paper abot footers cn benefit em your expeince I you find Joust spnding oo much ute with maginl peopeia eal, make ‘Mtoe of tan sous ott cameo te. Youl sovetieeke thei ie he "uhh eheiqe, discussed in Che 10,in which Doutta ho aol whestopuntencourgingly oterpantatviw gong ‘Wit up owes abou your disoveis, Mark al tee notes wih an "MP she fop—M oc method “Methoolgie! nots te ls stout our eva gowth aa nstuneat of data colecon Collecting dita ie ivays awk when yoo beg + ‘ele proj, ut get eaier a you Become more comfortable inne ‘oltre During ths risa pood of adastnent ou soul itloctalize Sha you're learalag abot doing eldwork by taking meBoCoogical ‘When fs anion Geeein 196, tat invited to dinner taunt 1 pms When I anived a ssound 7.13 (wat thought war poite 13 ‘hts lata), {was enbrased to find that my host ws sil aking & Sith Thos ave owe tht he valy meant around 8pm when he fihd “sound 7" My metiodlogcl aoe forthe occasion simpy stated ‘hat about nt show op for cna before & pm in the fre Some ‘tekslner I fgued ot the genera les for timing of even scien ‘icing cocktail dinner, nd inte ig vert nthe ope seusee "Wen {Beg feldwek withthe Ofa0" people of conta Mexico fa 1962 Tas offered pune everywhere weet Palo is fermented neta ‘om he mages scar Tied orefare pity; Loan’ he att Dur people were very initnt nd seemed fended i Iie’ scep the ink Things wee particularly award when showed up at someone's Sows and tee were ther guests thee Everyone enjoyed pale but me {nde of he tn oop were ton poor to hae ber round offer me "Atha me, rote ete that ppl "il obliged by cast to fe pluto guess "Twas deal wong As eventual eared people were sting mo soit me affliated with Ie Summer nett of Lingus ics evangelicel missionary group hat hd its regional beads in ie ea whet ws woking “he SIL ie compris mostly of exalln linguists tote msor output is trensaons of he Bie ats the vrtons sonriten languages ofthe World Thee was, ands, ius fin between the Taare who hadconveted 10 Potestanisn nd thse who semained Cais 1 wag impocaat or meto disassociate ysl fom he SIL, 3085 methodsog pte disused he importance of onspicieslyconsuminp shel {obese inorder to iemly myself a em snbopologt and ot asa crangtcal missionary ‘Nie jess ae Tt: te i, aa ‘Stas erin heer naling ope sdk ua tein people de neta ve th in mela ses te at ferns fete, stn i aon eee ik crying co ight yeas ste, 19791 read thet Wiliam Pantie had siniae ediameat dig ba work in Comba Riba & Parige 197935) Berywbere he went itscems penpc offre him best, evenat 721. He needed an acepable excuse, he si, 19 void Speding al is waking ous geting ros ‘Asta few ont io he Weld, Pasie fund ts ety people “soy tomando ua pase” I'm king il”) ai the ck Lay, the pil eee co in ths pase was used in wetng venereal hse vetyons knew tu yu did't ink alzchol while ou Were taking his pill andthe excae as perfec for ang a ite Wy oost ePa. {edges epuation Add thi 9 yur fe of methods moles ‘Methedologcel ates, thn have odo ith tbe condot of Hl inty ivelt You wil want ake methodologies notes especialy wen you do something sil tht beaks aclu norm Tt you ae sling pat. aly shepis, yom might want te wate fice fsings imo Jost ny vnee pone sie wil se what You've wie: but jou dont wan ‘waste he opprtonity to make a staigfrvad methodological hte ot ‘cb cca, swe Descriptive Noes Descriptive notes re theneat and potatoe of ildwerk Mostnoter ae escrpive and ae fom two soce, watching aod liesing Interviews ‘wh tforsums produce eres of noes, especialy Ifyou use a ape {ecueder end ater write dw large chunks of what people sty Ober tons of process like making er, shine ermal, feeding chon, hoclag ous bung, nd soon as produce alot of nots Destipve fl utes ny contain bith sco ta you've opi ot of x chutch fess ot hey any const of summary description ofa wile plz, ‘nan shopping ele any envionment chatatesis that you ‘Bak se impact "The est way oles to wits decipie fed notes isto pectic doi seat thers who st alto ying tol Get together nih one oF mse ios end ceive s procers hats wai all of oo coud be ‘Pokuch service oer then cae you've seea beer, coud be {copa process ut you've nt ‘wrimensod (Unt teeny, had ‘everson plasters hang eeings They do ican sits) heer you obseve yt capt i Gel ots the des of the ehavin and te envsonaeat Ly to gt down “wba's golsg 08” Des ‘Sh informents who ae wethng the ceremony oe process 1 exan| “Tha’s ging ov snd yt et aces down om the explanation Late {ogee Win you research pater) and dies your nes with ne mute. You'l Find that woe thee people see mach move haa ust one ‘ow You mig si ind tht you al our press saw Ue same ings Sorwote down dilerent ube of he sun nferaton ‘Gee Seley stated people whose rom eed sage ldney ease ost patents we on hemodialysis Some ste on pete dialysis The “hea patctsgo to Slat one saver Lesa wee, While the “fr pints prfrm ass (alld CAPD) on themsces several nes any Tee at fou desctpie note fom Sally's esearch (Ie nets lhe apf ech ote are pia codes Mot on pil cde Inabit And igor te dol sige Wel gt bck 0 hat 160) st649 9575: sy yay ma sve ny (ed on bdy se) Women eas et wen {ivr nes can of ger ly se People mony 04"! {Souc oursovrmab wie ey ep (Hal ied am pee Sty nated ste ren Then hey do ie das isp lw tg ty Thy hve ne den Oa oscars Bes S120 NRO cin cy tr ang Rp iv he we {EXD puter now Halide pe of CAPD pate (1) ‘toe pats ae say om Bono sn in prety oe tae, sl)e i e & | | ae kta, 2) se ho ae esting sated and a Gt (ean anise only yng tee oct ts ae {Sees tote need odes fave al asset vce Soectve sg an eed ceed ON set ay ‘entngcn traning ean the wh et hy ‘hin wnt rnp Pye twig or noe ey a Tiew APD es tenpory alate er ete ep ‘obey wonton 959: 57 57,7922, 165 1 12 seven paneno suport ou (odor nd pyseal) He eed hl hte teva teste for desde # sh ns), ead Setourhow nc eardsegundbeynllpeintuchwatherrow Hever Se iy nny nats ee ps he and se dow itm keto mir pol rancor ean She sue al 1972 Sis. ‘healthy ost eG ote ded Se deat ‘timcn se pole She de wat otk oes pte sat pea i ante Sune ke bee), Even wits pop who emt Shta'taieyrnicveyone abo CAPD Ste wouter oben est ‘Whisper Heenan hee wegen ral sent ope d'info) wee weg 0 be Siva Ter neuen one tu ‘oro ih bn se yd he gl a iy Te” [Prttotandhewersbouwo ber lbemssetadat be neo Fe Anbar noms esl ns wo aw se ‘Sey oe pln enon snes at et et et ‘Score thepoier te opel ho) They we alain tales ‘csp npn sony mrt) Thy wore tag n= thr eejoe nf ase be nt over ey wane Se (SS 80-bit) Analyte Notes ‘You wil wt up ewer analytic nce than ay ote kin. This is where ot yor wee aot Row yu think the eulste you ste sta Ieovganzed Analytic anc stab abet elalivey ino things. Wheat sin gue oe ters for showing pom tne vena anton in ‘Gees hat wae wethan nage rote And when wndestoo heules that oven he ning fhe, etwas woth ak sali a, 0 “A sl Chg, th seston on hry. ok eos yea 2 fut why he ata tte sore Kayenta sponge dives Was 08 Sp hewmen wee dom Wis ‘Poly de ses da at lng og nae Rel ote tout Reser hiking toa the poe ose ous, ll aston why np eduaon ie Meco des ae esl inthe ese ‘on oni angge slog tr se Beta 19822) Ashe es veloped, Iwo them up nasties of te er eeuch on ne pues, Shei noted hat Acr-Ametians ste far mot tly tobe on hemodialysis than on prtonesl days, {CAPD ter analy notes, she explains tht white physicians tend fess Alct-American patent to Pemodalyss because CAPD I ey hnanding ante phytctons don’t cstblsck patent than rope tis choresnvtves ‘Anal noe ete prods f= tof tine ad elton and nay 40.08 fot severe pages ‘They ste often the bss fot published papers, fe ‘haters in iasenatons and books They il be she product of you Shdestuadiag, and tat wil come about trough your oaizing and loki with descriptive nd mebodsogical noes oer a pd f tine Bon'texpect to wits gent many aay notes, bot write thm sl your Iie, eves (xpecials fe you ate out of he Het ‘Writing Field Notes ‘he dfrence betwen eldwort ad eld experienc sted noes ln on spending 20.3 owe, evty sorking ay, wring up kd Joting ot fed notes, wotking on Soar ay, nd cing nervioso feral ot asked 34 sopaogis about he ld noe pac tices hy reported spending ahve om an out and a alF197 ous ay on eto (904199) ‘Setside atime esc dy for working om your notes Tle to “sgueeae he time to work em ates and twas a sates Dont seep ob our ote either Tati don't wite op ots in the morning fom he previous ‘ays juungsYou'l fxg loot what you woal ke the in yom note Ifyou don't wit thomp nde aftetoon or erenageach day Toe Shine gos for you ow thoughts snd pesos of event If yea dont rte tams pevey diy, whilethey sesh ol forget em‘This means hat you shoud get emboli 2 ot facts hay event fom spending time writing ap yor day's osings OF cana Shona informet cals your house nd tells yout cone guy ecasa tee am inportat eves going on, well hats asotbet ‘Buty cn say et hie beome the non rate tan te oreo an ‘you osnch wil fr frst you do. ‘iene many smal notes vate has on ong, suaniag comment. you wit yout noes on «computes, wake mas Seat iles—oe fo Esch ay finest han ding tote tame hmongous le yay fay The advantage ita you can mame your nots by he dee of {scan That way he comput wl preset te noes oy 8 von ogi xt so you ean avs find x prtiea ays (r week's) note, Mary smal lear sr air handle when Jou gett txt munogome edie ogame Plan os spending vce a lng wring up notes above tape seated lnrviews at ye spend conducting the iteriews ite fi pace You fave tobnen tn ccardad interview a lent oes bfore you ca wie the eaeatil ots om abd theo taker loag agin ge the ace ‘dv Actually onsbingatepe takes shot si to iit hors or eh our of itrview Coding Field Notes Sta each note witha sumbet, beginning with 00001 Nex pu in he Astoand pce: then the name finfrman any Usecades or plaset Std jeformant names a keep the coleook of ames std locaton: ‘hyseally septate ftom your fe notes Willa Paridge woe cme ‘abs use in ghund Colombia, He recorded interviews with annals ‘rowetssoptl from alle thes note nl kp te ony copy of se fotos in alncked Wank Thefnsiew teste woe ete nl yale ode Riba & Pudge, 1979:179) Unt theccimstaen, is prety obvioes why bedi this Bu its 2 ‘00d ide to aves cods fr informant eames onal yur dats You or ever know what would embatass or Bur someoue if you ali {he wrong hands ‘ster the nfomat same an place, eve room fr tps cos 3 finish iting op he conten of the note When you are finshed wri tp you ots for he dy go ask a fil nthe peal codes Code | notes yu gp alopg. Niles and berman te St “Coding had Shesrive wont In not nly as much fon as gtiog Ge good ul in | Nt oe ae, Cade nd Mae Then » tie elo" (1994563) As the ple of uncoded Hed notes grows, Seder snd harder to be obaestve "arheme olla cccasion‘9$ay afew mortimes ost of ws ualtative dita alysis aly isis coding By te tie you've cadet So el ees, you've exablshd the themes that need eb indexe sod Je ptees tha peed to blocs and hoop sboet.Speding Foto tine coing note i aot Mickey Mouse work I's nage Coding Versus Indexing Before sonsgating opel sade, I want to make clea the dteset sacingyof te word "de" aden te difcene between coding and Indexing Whe I sy "oe cade fer paces nd norman! names” he toed "coc" means an encryption device The abet st hie interne ‘on, no pens When Iya the informant aman pls Jeavoroon for pia code," word “code” manson dcing device ‘The objects ewily be exiseace ofa valabe The hd mening ‘he word “code"ina measurement device Hee'sthedifercace Stppote you ae ging oda 200 nevis wth young mates shout sie epics hldbekOne ofthe things ou waot a Hao, fo ‘sch woman, whether sesecals er ithing expense a stress nd fs, ow stestfalYou pt togetser formal interview Socket an ‘ueton 2 How would you describe your beting exerene?” Tiss formal nerve, bu you ve eft lo of space inh Bookle: for answers to this question and you encourage eat infrmas 1 ramble Teeating the quaiutive dat on he oie They ight ater question 27 ‘nh nto frm Te suppor you dort ask the rigorward quetion Sepote you she ates you ve competed your esench (his happens ll te tne) "Yo soni hough al the rvs mesial an look for vetbal ls shoet the iting expeiece Evay tie ou find setae o ae the corpus tht eas wih his tape you ick cod, ay STRESS, a the top of cnet othe paragraph Sy speaking th word STRESS isan Indes nou hae ene ‘Neu ee eck indeed pase of sentence, you evaluate te content Suppor, none ca the saenc ends “KW sys that he pln wa 0 ions during chibi se wanted wo de" Yoo decide to ode KW's ‘npetiooe a "vuy stil” The woud "very pcs en odin eeSe ssc and is aru code The phases “net stessul" “somewhat ses» very sent” at alten, jot a8 the muse 1.2 and ae tte coder Tex words (0 numbers) te indicators ofthe presence a a aie cade wads (or mubets) at indicators of measrement of &varbe pretence sbence. more cls, aout eqn. and 5008 The wer El gue aed ang eal he conep the presnce of arate ‘Gemasuteneatotavarale an theeneryptiono footie Rest be the diferences Nomyon oie! ces “Topfeal Codes I: The OCM and Johnson's Checklist The oc The Outline of Cutrat Materials of OOM, was developed by George Pater Mardok (1871) a ato! lor oding (dex) information fom ‘togtephies about cares af the word. The OCM i oraogh ant Fleile an en be spied (wit) some adaptation to almost a) priest. There ae coder fer tidbit, fr example (B48), dvoce (38), hone: sexi (38), accumulation of wealth (80) military ergarizaton (01), ‘ne (674), and so on The alt of index number and pases inthe ‘OCM isin Ampendix ‘he OM nas oun used by researchers tthe Hooua Relations Ares ule (GRAF) for 48 yes RAP eompises aboot 900.00 pages of pay ethnographic tails (ices aed books) dealing with 330 sltorer The pimary mater ce edge code, or indexed Figte 92 ‘typical edgecoed page lem tle RAP “Ihe OCM is ot the ony sing scheme yu as we, sd apes te have fallen at of favor in rece ears, bu i hasbeen ued by man) ileeiousantopolopss Inte pst and sill ecommend George owe sed te OCM i ode is tes abo Trintantan oka Hos tan sed itn is ldwork on Constias Idan te 37 Gel eseteets fe Clyde Kieckaohn's Compurative Stady of Valos In Five Cale: Fojtc ll usd the OCM ta cde heir ota i he id workers ot the Corel Usivesy fem proeetsadyng a village India (Sek, 1990-108, 232,331) Every et nig and oul ee some (pathaps many) ode that scat inh is bo con a86 aia and exe he codes forerer pale Hot Fa Ca My Thee 1p rch on eT petag rey an ety ea oem asa] ‘ar ele ne tse ea cat eed ‘pnt inate Thy ae ash on et athe ae [tpl abn met be tee as gb aod layer or beaten acoeiy or to | Poe et ave coe i en Te ‘dttebufruouury wes wigs i Ate pn tg ci sc ee on, este rae [OSL a TEE tanned besa tnt “TERI a Sr oe np eine ra bie tp yng on can tia wm AES Rm toes coat Noel come witea epaaon tne atm e363. sly Seno mien net hs i sd ae Sees fr aS it vega et nanan png of of ip of el ave i commence td a ny The ain (a Acar nc Tei dem 839 ‘Sarat fond soho Poles ore Mao foal bys bre B70 ect ne ee ay pat Mat 5 ‘sremte! shanrageoeesptircow marvibuchnese stntnepe ps) Oa ood ease ee ams ae ‘Shelley ated the OCM in br stad of Lidey patents eves hor adapta ‘Son ofthe OCM code 757 (ect heap) gure 91 Sunpl page of 6a fom te Hanan Relains Aca Fes2571 empl 2502 nosy 1873. CAPD Getitonn days) 2574 dome ae 1575. sent dass 7676 comple ith meee 1517 macneryeevesin a8 3578. medionee Code 759 seers wo “ati! personel” You can cate 789 1 fo runes, 192 fon py Ce 25 efor practice lang to th Kepig of Uvestace I you ate ‘dying the uso livestock ie esa community, ou might Se 231 1 tovefero dita onthe keopog of gous and 23121 refer oda about Pigs If 30 ned tally ew enteporis, ae the numbers Sa 90 sd hoe, with ar many del paces 9 ned ‘ost be pf by te lenges ofthe OCM coding lst That's ts ssength You'l oly oa rst of he coder ona em eet sod nce joe st sing itm the le, you'll uk fd ousell balling ‘plement! coding schemes 1 jou ats nede te se two dese field soar coded with the OCM. The ist is ‘som fier 1 iin Tarpon Springs, Fv (Benard, 1965) the fevcnd ie trom = stay ofan ocean gong reach vessel (Betaad & ilwouth 1979) 148 116 Cotes AD 127,15, 54 587 mesial went k ‘examin abs ap he oe ha be elt De soul te Pains tottetoK -Toat's soaevryinay ann beaks ag eteitcbeapedly cnr tele et ie ones ‘iets rey van rato wst and ose pope a he Tat and' ly eyo n't ues bet ou a ve te pmty kto enat coe a ah In tis case, 1 tave coded the oot fr asiniation, cual goa sacitions, ted retement have also ade» code, K whi east tae Hoe Tike Cleon Mint Tee wn people's claons o Kano, the il in Geese whee the, ot hei sents were bora semua wV WwerDst 1 tough he ss eae, Lacy ae ay of ce ing wit ens alte de Phage eesti sean ep ‘ows ean hs arth Hanes hn ec lepers te hat wn coming tae ote word eee” hennlThey 0 ‘rapped pi ase ey Js on oa oes poe" Code 571i the OCM resto “soil elaonthiprand groupe” Ihave capone i hae 10 clog $714, which Te aeled “beteen-gcap Tohnson’s Checklist Allen foson, long with group of students ad clleages develope shorogh checklist fo recanding cult data. Te ist was developed in “onjnction with Jobaon's Time Alleation Project (ae Capit 18 92 “inet observation methods) The cata ect can be wed Boh ab 1 Tender of the Kinge of data you might want Co collect in 8 gene ‘Minopapie reset project aed asa template for cing ta ele fad escsh ohoso's chee avalabe rom the Huan Ate les, Ino See Toon et IDB} an Appendix for ‘Topical Codes 2: Making Up Your Own Mnemonics Mary pope fod the ut of mame codes disusotng Mathew Mies and Michael Heberman 1980) suthos of an excellent Dok on guaiaive (isa analysis, voce he os of words on mnemonic hat ook ike he Cigna concopt Like many resents, hey find ha mnemonic ees {lite ECO for sconomser, DIV for vce, and 50 on) ae ese to femember haste aubersHete's pec of Mies and Haberman’ scale ‘ook fossa hey did of novation school yenSor beipon cote ‘Aeon Poses ” ‘AtEm crnsop i ese ‘APetrono ‘Apert evoiagysbieranea AP ear srceaniy Aree ‘ApMates feet fein Aen ‘npRede Aenea Anata valu of using yout own coe is hat they develop natal ‘20m your sly and you'll ind iteasytoremerber them as y08 coe Your fetes cack day Suuss and Cob (1990.68) recommend using in vive des ens for things Tn evo codes ste eatchy pases ce wore ures by Informant Tn is yf Assan fsbemen,felfoyJahason bare oople aking aboot "cow" The word tured out ob tic abel foe's ype of person found In many organizations The ee meet In ‘iro tom th mouths of obeon’sinfrnis. Ta ing vp yont ow cots, he aca nat og oo pcky Colin i spp tobe ata educnnt rolietaton Mate ils was involve it 1 Raj edsogepic prot evaluate sx thls The reseches ech evel that on caer The tof Se eu gre o 20 cea of scoce proces, ransom dts, Ec he keeles ‘Sted hase el st was alge and hth ighy eine codes ‘were all neces I became peso anyooe to she weld ten nd hey tapped cng ogee (ie, 1983129) ‘rive codes sso tad to dsappea fom you ibemory quickly when you've wot usitg them. If you use yout own coding Shee, o if You Inodty an existing scheme (ike the GCM), be sane awrite up a codebook Incase you forge what "AS" or “EMP cr whatever dbbeviaions 300 Ateamed-p-a-ine-imeyou-dié-theexding meas The impotent thing isnot mbich cong there you ube. tha you code yournoer ado itcomistent Ison poets the cong scheme {ker sape uth ais are wlten The schemes eviaed ot beer becomes tale Some antoplopia, eves tase wBouse the OCM, wa pomth en met eu how tit ld nates shaping op, efove ay ‘hn about how ocode the notes “The Mechanics of Coding tc cnet int the text ofthe fines ther at eto of ack noe or tote ight orleftaieaf each ote Herelb a example of coding bite top asap mnemonic cos) 412 MA X0R 11290 6 Wost ECO seis ose you abt XOR The de ae 1990, a ‘Eesti shouts gion tombe lage oecty erent mre "The nt cde navies hele Sos mpraion (IG, oe ‘in {WOM and abut anomie 20) te he sme note coded on the ie 4a Wiaot esa 4121 sont an Ma inoomaet raed MA eh 20, ad KOR she ma ilige you el KOR The O19 Seis Oat 1. 190s emis MIG set MA gan om rl te evans arbeing seu migrate (MI ‘on women (WOM, nd shot sma CO) The choice of top cong o edge coding italy a mater of ase speially yout aig computer, here's no aanage oon mets ‘over thot Allat-odel word proceso et you define clumas that Sou can fpe naan et om th seoen you sam to ede your nes eg th eget efve a maziow ola of, Sy, 15 ot 20 spaces or ‘ccades You cn pt the noes eer thigh oro he left a the text Then defines baa cola of a7, SD 55 clams forthe body of ext "You can ae inespessive compute pogtams 1 count te number ot tines that words oc in year text Gee Appendix for ast softare) By lookingat ico words that arerepetat en, youcan getints aout ‘hemes a your ots This wi belp You sede en ais af cde words ‘Whea you fave a listo ode words, ore word proseso to pra the ‘ses and pt hom nto You ots whatever you wast Gety Ran bab ‘evalope system of macros fr WordPerfect 1th et you bul the ‘ode Ist and inser your codes io You nots, eter along the eee Sexo the top of ech sot Ryan, 1983, 19030).Using Computers 1 stall posite wt your ates on computer As Tithe og made tobeatig eno san tok, nd you edo beable oar) send with You in your backpack bg day Teeings we aways ging 9 e ong, {al ave sme pcels ar napkin with ong I'm rather fondo) The (Gay 00 personal Soument and ie me, tte te sms hig You Jas like to wre ith penn your asd el t's what dasa oe ‘Bot when eames to as up eld oes, hte ot ach oe ait thet dys lr atng ye word proceso acboloey Computers ae til prety expensive for stents, snd fe atnopaogsts walk in places ‘here there sno wy evento acess te enegy fom a ep ater or [Eoma ve of soar clltorus x computer, bat mot sntvoplogst oy ‘ca mod poconor fe op tht fad note Thine pape you ped notes on compe, you sil ned sountheanout ey yan hes abroad sound Aral at peat ithe sour esol ofa our bckup dks ar destoyel na ‘eT ke os paper aka nd i everyhng a big pe dole paced o yu ca sean your nts easy. Ties mea eoeable source ‘Soits et tosve ppt, hyve acomputr” Fan stakes wg nee dest uch tan with peo and pps aayperis Ssoe, RIPE our aoe on + word proce, ou cas use nt Munagemen Fea Reducing the Chore Factor Les facet Atte ahd day wetingal ve own} [teva he lunge th desert intriewing oop banging ut oF eotding non Uitbeivi iv sad oirdown sag woe fil noes Sometimes ie Alowarigh ining Ve know thie muchabow edness: The fener you wie up your obscrvttns, the more dtl You ean gst Jon More steer Mach mores nah bates excep of core, when ta ne rytematically Based, wich case mote is ede worse) Wad Frowsnon remove some ofthe ininsation They make texte sped theca time ping ‘reshoughis into veuievable foam Using a Text Management Program ‘atonal, setches of et se handled hy te cu ean method. in which you layout our nee ins oF ae Ho Tt Ca on Manage a ‘he fos, ive wit them bande hem an ead hem over and ove sen, lack bunches of them tos boleinhoud, and evntealy ge fel fot ‘thas in teo. This followed by the inteocela pease est whee You wai fr pate wo hit You betwee he ees Thisanyaotscem hike awry slntifc ways dig things but doe now anyway has beter No sgl owas working tose for ess tian 2 years can produce me fed motes than she ore ci arp by paving and shutting though them For hac fon and sale tia, Fothing beats puing and ste fingtrvgh ous notes hnng abo ham Astar ab 'mconetted theres olag ssf hain pape ‘sen you're eying to ndersand he pate of mate in ext ‘Using tat management CT) progtas, ough, makes the work mone fon itis et usual or sntvopeopin to produce 10,000 weds some rel in field notes Tha the egutalnt of « a-page,deue spaced eso aboot 6 pases a day Tas won't hsppen every werk, but when You're doing eon bombed al a long wit new sensi eper= “nce ierviewing interns about pcs tht aly an aeehing ts you wating 40 pape of eld note ety Even aa tore mote lip You're ely to acum S100 page of mle in gee "ov do you manage all that formation? When you getdate by the size ofthe noe ple, te ea hep You know yore ckig vy fiom tking lt of woes on the theory that wer notes ste esis ale Tow i happeaed tome, and has baponod to may of on folleages This is wee 1x management sofevme comes in TM programs ate why touseds a previa dedeted compuphbes ‘ows computre Word processors may be s godiens, but you cans ‘ny Someone csc type ets it a computer. TM pga sean ‘mate: They hep you do what oly you can do—analyze fl notes ot ny ber ext etrial)—and fey make fon TM pogrms es very ‘ingle word in acorpus of textasa keyword Withe TM progan you cat Ss the compute fo “fad every aotein whch {wed te wed oma bitoni if Tako wed the word “migration” within thee ines ofthe wort ‘To Code oF Not o Cade 2 rogams mks tmp to id cosig note Re is temptation Yoo ean wath a wedding ctesony fr as spend nd ll wing a 2 ogo ots our senate deere! se the words slags “alt= our te Tf You weeti | manage find th word mang” you'llteleeal he otesio wich Jouaiwetht wend You won'ingany ofthe 22 pegs where youre Bowie neg crema you stented "hate you cde yur nes i be OCM scheme ot with yout own inaemons te TM pagan atthe cde he same a Would est hy oer wenden your ext Soppse you wan to find ll he nots Ate you del ih ata migaion 16 inthe OGM), Yor das The comput final the nate at ve the ode 166 (r the wre mig) Of seu wil edge op ote hat Rave the Word {tanned tnt ht conte he wonds gran" nd mitt ou want Cl shou ein which ou dea with migration an wh newark wlaon (72 c= sbesegoy of fendi, you'd ak the Computer find tose ots hat cone mbes 166 and 5721 {he same line" Tis resumes that you've puta You Copia oes on Snelne If you'e left ap toe tier te topo exch otf oie ‘Stes gouask te compe ond 1662083721 thy sur wai She ies of one enter” Withee sel mer, soe, 08 ned fern sewch tay you hive 3 ie of tet on eck dove spaced page ofl nots incre tanscrpon you ot bare indeing codes anjwhee lng tis cae of yo fom ae to ine 66 To unl hs robles ‘kesdeon smh dln the tps btm och fit ote Then Sowete kh TM progr took ft pal taste of oder cre Emcee mae Here one of Gen Shey s nts coded along the Sige Ticiswhmr the dlersigncomesie i's aes deiner Tell {he ompuc whee ote bei ad eed Sne2 Step te ani nn ism et rain I ingot have eno Spo ° es ental od py) Her end od scl he wa acer for del sues sn {rash si) alae sob se wa ae peo ya) wt save pene she nd she 822, dsetinetiem ey “Pepe opi dot eo aes eon She red ain 1972 a Pek he How Co te ange hem a 6 cca dea Sh ct’ wa te ope She doin wt tn neh pate bt ey wl i or eter ry ih ate 1s) ‘Se ie cies) Bon with peg who az ao ‘she oma mays tlre shot CAPD Ste wou athe a th bat oma ie, 1 all you wast to dai ook for words ops of wonde in he txt Gncting index words, o cos) ike “etion” an eile," he Simple, inexpensive progr ike GaFe wl doth job Bera, 1992) you want to specify ssc of wards tht aca ate eo line, You conus a plop ke Search ot TALLY ot The EPHNOGRAPH ‘ee Appendix G fo infcematin thse program “Gregory Trucs (1995) uses Search ad masks lf chunk of ot osing ‘shat te"BE convention” He ark the begining of chunk of {elated text witha cde a ale bracet an tark on he ets “Ba beaming. Then he eses the sae coe, again nape rackets, ith the Teter" tak ont mak he end ofthe ck For example Trex mks he begining of ay tx bo lind we with AND an mals he ed ofthe lock with ANDE. Then ee Sete 9 tetieve ay chunk of tht gis with ANDS ad ene wit ANDI He a a iad jest thn unk that epi ith ANDI, od wit ANDI end ‘oman ome id cde ke AGRICULTURE. Trex nde tht poss gain and yng." eal i helps him under i cp of est Database Management for Paper Notes But wht do you do if you have a ig pile of agers om res ‘gone y? The camputer-iedsauton otis problem i abs ae Sbement, ot DBM, soreone ark you to sggert a Fesch examen ths cola han 38000 per person, you search Euoogh the lit of ech estat 308 ‘Kaow (Jou database of Feah estaursns) aed pall ot omy thove that tls sts he second eiteron. You can handle this chose mesa, 0 Tong atthe it tht you have ta ech inner Tonga he ees simulaneous erie you te erchng fre small‘Whes the is of things te database ges ong, ik th sto books, ingly. then acing etl can eed st « DM. Fach cd coming iniomaton (autor, ie date of pobeaton ee) abou eah hing nthe ubuse The problem wih cad catalogs i tht there one ng Spove n the worl (oa can file card 89 author and by subject er ‘ample, but ot y publishes) and teks along time to search hogs the daabeseby hand you ae ooking fer nook op statistical meths Inthe soil wien, you mghchave to fook though al the books led device" hough a thoes Ged oder “socal science, meth. (ta and so 8 The ran mid te, 0, ut tine abate manager cad ies ‘scumlntd,btsiow A computer dtabsse manager i both fasten has lied capacity Iean handle enrmous ss an doen ease you [Sh itto sow on a oven cra sinulioneasy (See Stone etal 1965, Tox he theory of DBM) HM slat ie Fle Egret and Wampum, aval at fw cot for ab popula odes of rosa Ge Appin G) You en ese Dit sotto manage je id motes photos an ses, coletons at ics colton of nes linge shot sn collin of hs Tousendaabse manage, you sed to undestn Wo base coneps seco and ils record the it whose characteristics you wan 2 fete The field are the ebaracterstics For example, you can think of thle took nou personal ary athe wits ach boo then Becomes ‘Tresoud The deserve fies fr each rood might be: author, til publishes, nef puliain nd seer fp ta wt wha ebook FRatout Ifyou have 1/00 books soe itary. then yeu Have 1.00 esos Be database Tahould now Re lem How you can use hs system to do searches of papel fick noes cr tees Tut mabe the noe, staring Wb O00 ‘Gamside each ate a ecnd and teste sponte destpive fies. As Sra il sts, youl eon for the rae of he informant note Tov te ple nce fo the de and several forthe lps covered tach note, Sone nes ay pet one two tpl codes, es may need 10 eure to deling enough opcl ces when jou design our ashe Tee codes ate araly exh ‘Once you've define the fils takes wo or hee minates pe fel soto ett the coder That mesne ony about 300 80 hows of work a fhe computer f eter ade fr 1000 pages of field noes Once tha due, you can ao these nds of questions you can ask wi a ex inant Thedfreoe tanh adabse ange, yuan nl 1k forthe codes thatreptsen the Gels, ol very wot athe fet cl’ Pes ey Hae ae Co a nae hem 2s ‘You can ak esis like “Which soles ae about efision, sho bout pola factional, bot neat genetaional contr?” When yoo ask your DBM syst fr iafrmaion like thy you get back mower Tike: "Ie information you waat ison gee 112,334,516, 99, ‘20, and 1168" You spy fp thought datas of ete ot ob Dou ap AS you do, ou wl e the ee page of cach eld ot ad owl gt fel fer the coment [Relational Database Management Suppose yo have 3.600 paper of ld ots fom open ened ine view! with 29 itrmans Now pose yu wet sk the enorme Sze "Which newsbin and at als oe Soya fag Tati geste hada Dt pope, Youve tose vey now wih ie ge a gn of nos There's a tetera elle! slatnaldaraate mangement = san dase, you'd separ lot norman Touldbve Bod esd onetoeachieomat ds ny fi fifa You eed en each informant You canines cms ‘ges wht th pate’ ing, whether thy te ain on ‘Whee you ask "Which sts sbotsgstion ada enales ener 247 lao DBM progam finds te oe tte cel acon dtr tp of hen Then te plop loos each ae nth enor st Td be inecmans aot code nt ks patio ine toma ie te forse oem et ele ds he ram ps ‘he note tom the enpray ht When he plop fais cs oe ‘ete any of tent ofa soa cia ou es i oot {eston Asking questions ke iss 3.00 craks ncoupe a ‘rons or ny ne model hoe compue ‘ih cio BM, you cin mle oes whee you maybe seve shor of ifomante You can ave one fon pple wo ea te epeinet (ike hes saw intenon peel antes on opt who ae oi he exit ie cont) Then you ca ot {ough aetions, i “Whats he sea erence in we gan for se ee pen pang espa 1 th weight gio fr ehlren ho wee the propa, ao shes mvitigeB we wee onthe ogame ‘The proble wih rein! DBM sams eth they we not for mats Ikon al! of fo an aoehow to devo te riclng, reins Gabase with any components. Thats what pote a1 DBM programmers do Ifyou se worheg O82 Bg ta Proje eo have sccest to those professionals. When you talk t the people and eck wh hot deg he dlabare tector, tlp a ee {i yow se lala with ordinmy database managercat Tis good "tauon to ge ol of one ofthe inexpensive plosans ised in Appendix (Gand go tough he aril Database Management for Things ven if you usa computer to type and manage all our led noes at erat dt you'l ind database manages sea os hanling eee nus of date Anything you can ist cant fer database manage Inent You ca ee your photorapb and make ech ove a ecotd ln ‘BEM prgiam Then ak the program "Which pots ate abot palm oi” frWhish photo ate abuts meni the pana” oe “Which are oat ‘avet sels ands ea and boat verve aking perches fer Toca! wspapespovide import formation fr etielogste Once you wart shipping ale intresting rie, bowerer, You soo Wiad op ‘si hudiee of pices Jos sumer them ad eode then for the ops That te grmane to your feveteh Thee at, you cor ask the tbe, "Which clippings ce aout pope) daputesderwesn bigs?” you collet ak songs, oul quick} develop a.coleton of several hundted eves sever thousand you Bae te Ive yped nto a om usr, youcan area ext management progtam oo for tecurent Words Eni theinesIfyou'vegocacoleton of ever ended aul apes You ‘an wea database manager Ifyou collet aac yu car cag them, {en them fr vvablesndmanage th information os DBM progr ‘Once you get canned to sang vp Stbater, oll wonder how You ‘ver ot long without em, Equipment All anopoloiss should invert ns computer that they ca ake with thom othe fed You som te a computer at» word process}, 2% rica proceso for handing eaatianve ‘ht othe spor Yoo can cven wei fr itrviewing informants in some (cs Thee ne prope avait low yout bull questionaire ute Row Tbe Cle on Them an snd have Iaformans sees ia comput Ths cus way down on {oting cues ada genie save a wl Of ees pate ‘teat conporsnin lines tenes teat intesants ifgorsegungtonfna stevie bereivne cet. youwillace 4 compute ta ca ram off te balay. Wien Gey Ryan dd his fetdwene Camco heat wn mock copies ee en ed bot fis ied nin Haag uke compu god any te you tik te cx ot alig tro Sanus sgh some So oe ie tyr Sopa eS oue s) ‘Al moshns en down Soo f It, ab sieook comptes le wena or tsvelng, ae ase efnabein may develop Ingcountin Desk comptics ay ted ag wid youre be Dotty beak dw, ou car gts pad pray they we ily cate wae IDMCPC (Bye ay if 00 by ae NCPC oupable maine, ate tan he 1M tid eae epee tom bard and sftuecompue wih he WAN Tht what ‘iy conte mses) Tas inabestanser othe quston"Whih and ofcmpte shad ‘Way? he in gure stn compte Dian cle Tumse anys rogue he ANTHIROPAG, at tater PC conputemschoes (ANTHROPACis uel wef in angen dt om pile sre doer sytem dr eclecon ‘etl that wel explo in Caper 11) One hand new model ‘te Mien wiltun pop wits fe FCeronnet ad ‘sary peop nd the Mash esi ethane PO ‘Acoun foe tte Reese at Jets ela. They lose Satninhigh operates nde obec op mw eucdy9 se ning nade sr ngs svionent Sone aise db So rin timate ‘Chest the mance pcan oe {evan tempers ng sy compe yout nyo ty ‘Some ands ee moretange th ote A ets comput shouldbe tbe ‘Stake sme puis St dor expe nates Dotson ditt event ye sees ah fil Boek sp you da eur an sc copy Oot efi ot se sgt Pas Compoti make the ating and maazing of dat is ote fejysbie tn these tute ue tobe But thay do ot nih aa See ioval eldest bug petal ot pots eh