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If Rs For S Me S Implementation Guidance 2009
If Rs For S Me S Implementation Guidance 2009
International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs) 2009
is the first set of international accounting requirements developed specifically for SMEs.
It has been prepared by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) on IFRS
foundations but is a stand-alone product that is separate from the full set of International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).
The IFRS for SMEs has simplifications that reflect the needs of users of SMEs financial
statements and cost-benefit considerations. Compared with full IFRSs, it is less complex
in a number of ways:
Topics not relevant for SMEs are omitted.
Where full IFRSs allow accounting policy choices, the IFRS for SMEs allows only the
easier option.
Many of the principles for recognising and measuring assets, liabilities, income and
expenses in full IFRSs are simplified.
Significantly fewer disclosures are required.
And the standard has been written in clear, easily translatable language.
It is suitable for all entities except those whose securities are publicly traded and financial
institutions such as banks and insurance companies.
www.iasb.org
100%
International Financial
Reporting Standard
for
Small and Medium-sized Entities
(IFRS for SMEs)
Illustrative Financial Statements
Presentation and Disclosure Checklist
These Illustrative Financial Statements and Presentation and Disclosure Checklist accompany the
International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs)
(see separate booklet), and are published by the International Accounting Standards Board
(IASB), 30 Cannon Street, London EC4M 6XH, United Kingdom.
Tel: +44 (0)20 7246 6410
Fax: +44 (0)20 7246 6411
Email: iasb@iasb.org
Web: www.iasb.org
The International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation (IASCF), the authors and
the publishers do not accept responsibility for loss caused to any person who acts or
refrains from acting in reliance on the material in this publication, whether such loss is
caused by negligence or otherwise.
The IFRS for SMEs and its accompanying documents are published in three parts:
ISBN for this part: 978-1-907026-19-5
ISBN for complete publication (three parts): 978-1-907026-16-4
Copyright 2009 IASCF
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form either in whole or in part or by any electronic, mechanical or other
means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from
the IASCF.
International Financial Reporting Standards (including International Accounting
Standards and SIC and IFRIC Interpretations), Exposure Drafts, and other IASB publications
are copyright of the IASCF. The approved text of International Financial Reporting
Standards and other IASB publications is that published by the IASB in the English
language. Copies may be obtained from the IASCF. Please address publications and
copyright matters to:
IASC Foundation Publications Department,
1st Floor, 30 Cannon Street, London EC4M 6XH, United Kingdom.
Tel: +44 (0)20 7332 2730 Fax: +44 (0)20 7332 2749
Email: publications@iasb.org Web: www.iasb.org
The IASB logo/the IASCF logo/Hexagon Device, the IASC Foundation Education logo, IASC
Foundation, eIFRS, IAS, IASB, IASC, IASCF, IASs, IFRIC, IFRS, IFRSs, International
Accounting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards and SIC are Trade
Marks of the IASCF.
CONTENTS
pages
5
23
Section
1
23
23
24
28
31
32
33
35
36
10
38
11
39
12
42
13
Inventories
43
14
Investments in Associates
43
15
44
16
Investment Property
44
17
45
18
46
19
47
20
Leases
48
21
50
22
51
23
Revenue
51
24
Government Grants
52
25
Borrowing Costs
52
26
Share-based Payment
53
27
Impairment of Assets
54
28
Employee Benefits
54
29
Income Tax
56
30
58
IASCF
31
Hyperinflation
58
32
59
33
60
34
Specialised Activities
62
35
63
IASCF
Section 3 Financial Statement Presentation of the IFRS for SMEs defines a complete set
of financial statements and prescribes general standards of financial statement
presentation. Sections 48 prescribe the format and content of the individual
financial statements and notes. Other sections of the IFRS for SMEs establish
additional presentation and disclosure requirements. The financial statements
set out below illustrate how those presentation and disclosure requirements
might be met by a typical small or medium-sized entity. Of course, each entity
will need to consider the content, sequencing and format of presentation and the
descriptions used for line items to achieve a fair presentation in that entitys
particular circumstances. These illustrative financial statements should not be
regarded as a template appropriate for all entities.
F2
F3
F4
The illustrative financial statements are not intended to illustrate all aspects of
the IFRS for SMEs.
F5
The IFRS for SMEs does not require a statement of financial position at the
beginning of the earliest comparative period. The illustrative statement of
financial position shown below includes a column for the opening statement of
financial position to aid in understanding of the calculations underlying
amounts in the statement of cash flows.
IASCF
XYZ Group
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income and retained earnings
for the year ended 31 December 20X2
(Alternative 1 illustrating the classification of expenses by function)
Notes
Revenue
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
6,863,545
5,808,653
(5,178,530)
(4,422,575)
1,685,015
1,386,078
88,850
25,000
Distribution costs
(175,550)
(156,800)
Administrative expenses
(810,230)
(660,389)
Other expenses
(106,763)
(100,030)
(26,366)
(36,712)
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Other income
Finance costs
654,956
457,147
(270,250)
(189,559)
384,706
267,588
2,171,353
2,003,765
(150,000)
2,406,059
(100,000)
2,171,353
Note: The format illustrated above aggregates expenses according to their function (cost
of sales, distribution, administrative etc). As the only changes to XYZ Groups equity
during the year arose from profit or loss and payment of dividends, it has elected to present
a single statement of comprehensive income and retained earnings instead of separate
statements of comprehensive income and changes in equity.
IASCF
XYZ Group
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income and retained earnings
for the year ended 31 December 20X2
(Alternative 2 illustrating the classification of expenses by nature)
Notes
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
Revenue
6,863,545
5,808,653
Other income
88,850
25,000
3,310
(4,786,699)
(1,360)
(4,092,185)
(936,142)
(879,900)
(272,060)
(221,247)
(30,000)
Other expenses
(249,482)
(145,102)
(26,366)
(36,712)
Finance costs
654,956
457,147
(270,250)
(189,559)
384,706
267,588
2,171,353
2,003,765
(150,000)
2,406,059
(100,000)
2,171,353
Note: The format illustrated above aggregates expenses according to their nature (raw
materials and consumables, employee salaries and benefits, depreciation and
amortisation, impairment etc). As the only changes to XYZ Groups equity during the year
arose from profit or loss and payment of dividends, it has elected to present a single
statement of comprehensive income and retained earnings instead of separate statements
of comprehensive income and changes in equity.
IASCF
XYZ Group
Consolidated statement of financial position at 31 December 20X2
Notes
20X2
20X1
20X0
CU
CU
CU
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash
Trade and other receivables
10
Inventories
11
28,700
22,075
18,478
585,548
573,862
521,234
57,381
47,920
45,050
671,629
643,857
584,762
Non-current assets
Investment in associate
12
107,500
107,500
107,500
13
2,549,945
2,401,455
2,186,002
Intangible assets
14
850
2,550
4,250
15
4,609
2,912
2,155
2,662,204
2,514,417
2,299,907
3,334,233
3,158,274
2,884,669
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Bank overdraft
16
83,600
115,507
20,435
Trade payables
17
431,480
420,520
412,690
Interest payable
2,000
1,200
271,647
190,316
173,211
18
4,200
5,040
2,000
19
4,944
4,754
4,571
20
21,461
19,884
18,423
819,332
757,221
631,330
continued...
IASCF
...continued
XYZ Group
Consolidated statement of financial position at 31 December 20X2
Notes
20X2
20X1
20X0
CU
CU
CU
50,000
150,000
150,000
Non-current liabilities
Bank loan
16
19
5,679
5,076
5,066
20
23,163
44,624
64,508
78,842
199,700
219,574
898,174
956,921
850,904
22
30,000
30,000
30,000
2,406,059
2,171,353
2,003,765
2,436,059
2,201,353
2,033,765
3,334,233
3,158,274
2,884,669
Total liabilities
Equity
Share capital
Retained earnings
Total liabilities and equity
Note: The IFRS for SMEs does not require a statement of financial position at the beginning
of the earliest comparative periodhence the shading. It is presented here to aid
understanding of the calculations underlying amounts in the statement of cash flows.
IASCF
XYZ Group
Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 20X2
Notes
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
384,706
267,588
800
1,200
79,934
16,348
270,360
219,547
Impairment loss
Amortisation of intangibles
30,000
1,700
1,700
(63,850)
(11,686)
(52,628)
(9,461)
(2,870)
10,120
10,870
793
193
693,416
461,948
100,000
(485,000)
(435,000)
(385,000)
(435,000)
(19,884)
(18,423)
(100,000)
Dividends paid
(150,000)
(100,000)
(269,884)
(118,423)
38,532
(91,475)
(93,432)
(1,957)
(54,900)
(93,432)
25,566
35,512
190,316
173,211
1,000
23
10
IASCF
XYZ Group
Accounting policies and explanatory notes to the financial
statements for the year ended 31 December 20X2
1. General information
XYZ (Holdings) Limited (the Company) is a limited company incorporated in A Land.
The address of its registered office and principal place of business is ____________.
XYZ Group consists of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary XYZ (Trading)
Limited. Their principal activities are the manufacture and sale of candles.
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the
Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All intragroup transactions, balances, income
and expenses are eliminated.
Investments in associates
Investments in associates are accounted for at cost less any accumulated impairment
losses.
Dividend income from investments in associates is recognised when the Groups right to
receive payment has been established. It is included in other income.
Revenue recognition
Revenue from sales of goods is recognised when the goods are delivered and title has
passed. Royalty revenue from licensing candle-making patents for use by others is
recognised on a straight-line basis over the licence period. Revenue is measured at the fair
value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and sales-related taxes
collected on behalf of the government of A Land.
Borrowing costs
All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
Income tax
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year.
IASCF
11
Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities in the financial statements and their corresponding tax bases (known as
temporary differences). Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all temporary
differences that are expected to increase taxable profit in the future. Deferred tax assets
are recognised for all temporary differences that are expected to reduce taxable profit in
the future, and any unused tax losses or unused tax credits. Deferred tax assets are
measured at the highest amount that, on the basis of current or estimated future taxable
profit, is more likely than not to be recovered.
The net carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and is
adjusted to reflect the current assessment of future taxable profits. Any adjustments are
recognised in profit or loss.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the taxable profit
(tax loss) of the periods in which it expects the deferred tax asset to be realised or the
deferred tax liability to be settled, on the basis of tax rates that have been enacted or
substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
2 per cent
If there is an indication that there has been a significant change in depreciation rate,
useful life or residual value of an asset, the depreciation of that asset is revised
prospectively to reflect the new expectations.
Intangible assets
Intangible assets are purchased computer software that is stated at cost less accumulated
depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. It is amortised over its estimated
life of five years using the straight-line method. If there is an indication that there has
been a significant change in amortisation rate, useful life or residual value of an intangible
asset, the amortisation is revised prospectively to reflect the new expectations.
Impairment of assets
At each reporting date, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, and investments
in associates are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication that those assets
have suffered an impairment loss. If there is an indication of possible impairment, the
recoverable amount of any affected asset (or group of related assets) is estimated and
compared with its carrying amount. If estimated recoverable amount is lower, the
carrying amount is reduced to its estimated recoverable amount, and an impairment loss
is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
12
IASCF
Similarly, at each reporting date, inventories are assessed for impairment by comparing
the carrying amount of each item of inventory (or group of similar items) with its selling
price less costs to complete and sell. If an item of inventory (or group of similar items) is
impaired, its carrying amount is reduced to selling price less costs to complete and sell,
and an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
If an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or group of
related assets) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount (selling price
less costs to complete and sell, in the case of inventories), but not in excess of the amount
that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset
(group of related assets) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised
immediately in profit or loss.
Leases
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially
all the risks and rewards of ownership of the leased asset to the Group. All other leases are
classified as operating leases.
Rights to assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets of the Group at the fair
value of the leased property (or, if lower, the present value of minimum lease payments) at
the inception of the lease. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the
statement of financial position as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are
apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve
a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges
are deducted in measuring profit or loss. Assets held under finance leases are included in
property, plant and equipment, and depreciated and assessed for impairment losses in the
same way as owned assets.
Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis
over the term of the relevant lease.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and selling price less costs to complete and sell.
Cost is calculated using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
Trade payables
Trade payables are obligations on the basis of normal credit terms and do not bear interest.
Trade payables denominated in a foreign currency are translated into CU using the
exchange rate at the reporting date. Foreign exchange gains or losses are included in other
income or other expenses.
IASCF
13
5. Revenue
Sale of goods
Royalties licensing of candle-making patents
14
IASCF
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
6,743,545
5,688,653
120,000
120,000
6,863,545
5,808,653
6. Other income
Other income includes dividends received from an associate of CU25,000 in both 20X1 and
20X2 and gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment of CU63,850 in 20X2.
7. Finance costs
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
(21,250)
(30,135)
(5,116)
(6,577)
(26,366)
(36,712)
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
5,178,530
4,422,575
31,620
22,778
1,000
5,260
7,340
*If the entity classifies its expenses by nature in its income statement, this would say included in raw
materials and consumables used.
20X1
CU
CU
271,647
190,316
(1,397)
270,250
(757)
189,559
Income tax is calculated at 40 per cent (20X1: 40 per cent) of the estimated assessable profit
for the year.
IASCF
15
Income tax expense for the year CU270,250 in 20X2 (CU189,559 in 20X1) differs from the
amount that would result from applying the tax rate of 40 per cent (both 20X2 and 20X1)
to profit before tax because, under the tax laws of A Land, some employee compensation
expenses (CU20,670 in 20X2 and CU16,750 in 20X1) that are recognised in measuring profit
before tax are not tax-deductible.
20X1
CU
CU
Trade debtors
528,788
528,384
Prepayments
56,760
45,478
585,548
573,862
20X2
20X1
11. Inventories
Raw materials
Work in progress
Finished goods
CU
CU
42,601
36,450
1,140
900
13,640
10,570
57,381
47,920
16
IASCF
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
107,500
107,500
25,000
25,000
Fixtures
and
equipment
Total
CU
CU
CU
1,960,000
1,102,045
3,062,045
Cost
1 January 20X2
Additions
485,000
485,000
Disposals
(241,000)
(241,000)
31 December 20X2
1,960,000
1,346,045
3,306,045
390,000
270,590
660,590
30,000
240,360
270,360
30,000
30,000
(204,850)
(204,850)
420,000
336,100
756,100
1,540,000
1,009,945
2,549,945
Carrying amount
31 December 20X2
During 20X2 the Group noticed a significant decline in the efficiency of a major piece of
equipment and so carried out a review of its recoverable amount. The review led to the
recognition of an impairment loss of CU30,000.
The carrying amount of the Groups fixtures and equipment includes an amount of
CU40,000 (20X1: CU60,000) in respect of assets held under finance leases.
On 10 December 20X2 the directors resolved to dispose of a machine. The machines
carrying amount of CU1,472 is included in fixtures and equipment at 31 December 20X2,
and trade payables includes the Groups remaining obligation of CU1,550 on the
acquisition of this machine. Because the proceeds on disposal are expected to exceed the
net carrying amount of the asset and related liability, no impairment loss has been
recognised.
IASCF
17
CU
1 January 20X2
8,500
Additions
Disposals
31 December 20X2
8,500
5,950
1,700
31 December 20X2
7,650
Carrying amount
31 December 20X2
850
*If the entity classifies its expenses by nature in its income statement, this would say included in
depreciation and amortisation expense.
the long-service benefit (note 19), which will not be tax-deductible until the benefit
is actually paid but has already been recognised as an expense in measuring the
Groups profit for the year.
(b)
the foreign exchange loss on trade payables, which will not be tax-deductible until
the payables are settled but has already been recognised as an expense in measuring
the Groups profit for the year.
The Group has not recognised a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets
because, on the basis of past years and future expectations, management considers it
probable that taxable profits will be available against which the future income tax
deductions can be utilised.
18
IASCF
The following are the deferred tax liabilities (assets) recognised by the Group:
Software
Foreign
exchange
loss
Longservice
benefit
Total
CU
CU
CU
CU
1,700
(3,855)
(2,155)
(77)
(757)
(3,932)
(2,912)
1 January 20X1
Charge (credit) to profit or loss for the year
1 January 20X2
(680)
1,020
(680)
(400)
(317)
(1,397)
340
(400)
(4,249)
(4,309)
31 December 20X2
The deferred tax assets for the foreign exchange loss and the long-service benefits and the
deferred tax liability for software relate to income tax in the same jurisdiction, and the law
allows net settlement. Therefore, they have been offset in the statement of financial
position as follows:
20X2
Deferred tax liability
Deferred tax asset
20X1
CU
CU
340
1,020
(4,649)
(3,932)
(4,309)
(2,912)
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
Bank overdraft
83,600
115,507
50,000
150,000
133,600
265,507
The bank overdraft and loan are secured by a floating lien over land and buildings owned
by the Group with a carrying amount of CU266,000 at 31 December 20X2 (CU412,000 at
31 December 20X1).
Interest is payable on the bank overdraft at 200 points above the London Interbank
Borrowing Rate (LIBOR). Interest is payable on the seven-year bank loan at a fixed rate of
5 per cent of the principal amount.
IASCF
19
5,040
5,260
(6,100)
31 December 20X2
4,200
The obligation is classified as a current liability because the warranty is limited to twelve
months.
9,830
7,033
(6,240)
10,623
20X1
CU
CU
Current liability
4,944
4,754
Non-current liability
5,679
5,076
10,623
9,830
Total
20X1
CU
CU
25,000
25,000
25,000
50,000
20
IASCF
50,000
75,000
20X1
CU
CU
Current liability
21,461
19,884
Non-current liability
23,163
44,624
44,624
64,508
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
26,100
26,100
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
13,050
26,100
13,050
13,050
39,150
Cash on hand
Overdrafts
IASCF
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
28,700
22,075
(83,600)
(115,507)
(54,900)
(93,432)
21
Sales of goods
Associate
20X2
20X1
20X2
20X1
CU
CU
CU
CU
10,000
8,000
800
400
The payments under the finance lease (see note 20) are personally guaranteed by a
principal shareholder of the Company. No charge has been requested for this guarantee.
The total remuneration of directors and other members of key management in 20X2
(including salaries and benefits) was CU249,918 (20X1: CU208,260).
* * * * * * * * *
22
IASCF
D2
This checklist deals with both presentation and disclosures. Often a required
presentation is the equivalent of a disclosure requirement. To illustrate, Sections
36 of the IFRS require the presentation of some specific line items in the
statement of financial position, statement of comprehensive income, income
statement (if presented), statement of changes in equity and statement of cash
flows.
D3
In most cases, the IFRS does not specify whether a disclosure should be made
within a financial statement or in the notes. In several cases, however, disclosures
are expressly required to be in a financial statement; these are identified in this
checklist.
D4
The disclosure requirements in the IFRS apply only to material items. If an item is
immaterial no disclosure is prescribed. Materiality is discussed in paragraph 2.6.
D5
The application of the IFRS for SMEs, with additional disclosure when necessary,
is presumed to result in financial statements that achieve a fair presentation of
the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity eligible
to use the IFRS. The disclosure requirements in the IFRS should be regarded as
minimum requirements. Additional disclosures are necessary when compliance
with the specific requirements in the IFRS is insufficient to enable users to
understand the effect of particular transactions, other events and conditions on
the entitys financial position and financial performance. An entity must present
additional line items, headings and subtotals in the financial statements when
such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the entitys financial
position, performance and changes in financial position. Similarly, an entity
must include in the notes to financial statements information that is not
presented elsewhere in the financial statements but is relevant to an
understanding of them.
IASCF
23
An entity whose financial statements comply with the IFRS for SMEs shall make
an explicit and unreserved statement of such compliance in the notes.
Financial statements shall not be described as complying with the IFRS for SMEs
unless they comply with all the requirements of this IFRS.
3.5
(b)
that it has complied with the IFRS for SMEs, except that it has departed
from a particular requirement to achieve a fair presentation.
(c)
the nature of the departure, including the treatment that the IFRS for SMEs
would require, the reason why that treatment would be so misleading in
the circumstances that it would conflict with the objective of financial
statements set out in Section 2, and the treatment adopted.
3.6
When an entity has departed from a requirement of this IFRS in a prior period,
and that departure affects the amounts recognised in the financial statements
for the current period, it shall make the disclosures set out in paragraph 3.5(c).
3.7
3.9
24
(a)
the nature of the requirement in this IFRS, and the reason why
management has concluded that complying with that requirement is so
misleading in the circumstances that it conflicts with the objective of
financial statements set out in Section 2.
(b)
for each period presented, the adjustments to each item in the financial
statements that management has concluded would be necessary to
achieve a fair presentation.
IASCF
Frequency of reporting
3.10
that fact.
(b)
for each period presented, the adjustments to each item in the financial
statements that management has concluded would be necessary to
achieve a fair presentation.
(c)
Consistency of presentation
3.12
3.13
(b)
(c)
Comparative information
3.14
Except when this IFRS permits or requires otherwise, an entity shall disclose
comparative information in respect of the previous comparable period for all
amounts presented in the current periods financial statements. An entity shall
include comparative information for narrative and descriptive information
when it is relevant to an understanding of the current periods financial
statements.
IASCF
25
(b)
either:
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
(e)
3.18
If the only changes to the equity of an entity during the periods for which
financial statements are presented arise from profit or loss, payment of
dividends, corrections of prior period errors, and changes in accounting policy,
the entity may present a single statement of income and retained earnings in
place of the statement of comprehensive income and statement of changes in
equity (see paragraph 6.4).
3.19
3.21
26
IASCF
3.24
the name of the reporting entity and any change in its name since the end
of the preceding reporting period.
(b)
(c)
the date of the end of the reporting period and the period covered by the
financial statements.
(d)
(e)
the domicile and legal form of the entity, its country of incorporation and
the address of its registered office (or principal place of business, if
different from the registered office).
(b)
This IFRS does not address presentation of segment information, earnings per
share, or interim financial reports by a small or medium-sized entity. An entity
making such disclosures shall describe the basis for preparing and presenting
the information.
IASCF
27
As a minimum, the statement of financial position shall include line items that
present the following amounts:
(a)
(b)
(c)
financial assets (excluding amounts shown under (a), (b) (j) and (k)).
(d)
inventories.
(e)
(f)
(g)
intangible assets.
(h)
(i)
(j)
investments in associates.
(k)
(l)
(m) financial liabilities (excluding amounts shown under (l) and (p)).
4.3
(n)
(o)
deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets (these shall always be
classified as non-current).
(p)
provisions.
(q)
(r)
An entity shall present additional line items, headings and subtotals in the
statement of financial position when such presentation is relevant to an
understanding of the entitys financial position.
Current/non-current distinction
4.4
28
An entity shall present current and non-current assets, and current and
non-current liabilities, as separate classifications in its statement of financial
position in accordance with paragraphs 4.54.8, except when a presentation
based on liquidity provides information that is reliable and more relevant.
When that exception applies, all assets and liabilities shall be presented in
order of approximate liquidity (ascending or descending).
IASCF
This IFRS does not prescribe the sequence or format in which items are to be
presented. Paragraph 4.2 simply provides a list of items that are sufficiently
different in nature or function to warrant separate presentation in the
statement of financial position. In addition:
(a)
line items are included when the size, nature or function of an item or
aggregation of similar items is such that separate presentation is relevant
to an understanding of the entitys financial position, and
(b)
(b)
trade and other receivables showing separately amounts due from related
parties, amounts due from other parties, and receivables arising from
accrued income not yet billed.
(c)
(ii)
(iii)
(d)
(e)
(f)
IASCF
29
4.12
An entity with share capital shall disclose the following, either in the statement
of financial position or in the notes:
(a)
(ii)
the number of shares issued and fully paid, and issued but not fully
paid.
(iii)
par value per share, or that the shares have no par value.
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii) shares reserved for issue under options and contracts for the sale of
shares, including the terms and amounts.
(b)
4.13
4.14
If, at the reporting date, an entity has a binding sale agreement for a major
disposal of assets, or a group of assets and liabilities, the entity shall disclose the
following information:
30
(a)
(b)
(c)
the carrying amount of the assets or, if the disposal involves a group of
assets and liabilities, the carrying amounts of those assets and liabilities.
IASCF
5.5
An entity shall present its total comprehensive income for a period either:
(a)
(b)
revenue
(b)
finance costs.
(c)
(d)
tax expense excluding tax allocated to items (e), (g) and (h) below
(see paragraph 29.27).
(e)
5.6
(ii)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(b)
non-controlling interest.
(ii)
non-controlling interest.
(ii)
IASCF
31
Under this IFRS, the effects of corrections of errors and changes in accounting
policies are presented as retrospective adjustments of prior periods rather than
as part of profit or loss in the period in which they arise (see Section 10).
5.9
An entity shall present additional line items, headings and subtotals in the
statement of comprehensive income (and in the income statement, if
presented), when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the
entitys financial performance.
5.10
An entity shall not present or describe any items of income and expense as
extraordinary items in the statement of comprehensive income (or in the
income statement, if presented) or in the notes.
Analysis of expenses
5.11
32
total comprehensive income for the period, showing separately the total
amounts attributable to owners of the parent and to non-controlling
interests.
(b)
(c)
profit or loss.
(ii)
(iii)
IASCF
An entity shall present, in the statement of income and retained earnings, the
following items in addition to the information required by Section 5 Statement
of Comprehensive Income and Income Statement:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
An entity shall present a statement of cash flows that presents cash flows for a
reporting period classified by operating activities, investing activities and
financing activities.
An entity shall present cash flows from operating activities using either:
(a)
the indirect method, whereby profit or loss is adjusted for the effects of
non-cash transactions, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating
cash receipts or payments, and items of income or expense associated with
investing or financing cash flows, or
(b)
the direct method, whereby major classes of gross cash receipts and gross
cash payments are disclosed.
An entity shall present separately major classes of gross cash receipts and gross
cash payments arising from investing and financing activities. The aggregate
cash flows arising from acquisitions and from disposals of subsidiaries or other
business units shall be presented separately and classified as investing
activities.
An entity shall present separately cash flows from interest and dividends
received and paid. The entity shall classify cash flows consistently from period
to period as operating, investing or financing activities.
IASCF
33
Income tax
7.17
An entity shall present separately cash flows arising from income tax and shall
classify them as cash flows from operating activities unless they can be
specifically identified with financing and investing activities. When tax cash
flows are allocated over more than one class of activity, the entity shall disclose
the total amount of taxes paid.
Non-cash transactions
7.18
An entity shall exclude from the statement of cash flows investing and
financing transactions that do not require the use of cash or cash equivalents.
An entity shall disclose such transactions elsewhere in the financial statements
in a way that provides all the relevant information about these investing and
financing activities.
An entity shall present the components of cash and cash equivalents and shall
present a reconciliation of the amounts presented in the statement of cash
flows to the equivalent items presented in the statement of financial position.
However, an entity is not required to present this reconciliation if the amount
of cash and cash equivalents reported in the statement of cash flows is identical
to the amount similarly described in the statement of financial position.
Other disclosures
7.21
34
IASCF
(b)
(c)
8.3
8.4
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
IASCF
35
An entity shall disclose in the notes information about the key assumptions
concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the
reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.
In respect of those assets and liabilities, the notes shall include details of:
(a)
their nature.
(b)
9.3
(b)
(ii)
it has no subsidiaries other than one that was acquired with the intention
of selling or disposing of it within one year. A parent shall account for
such a subsidiary:
(i)
(ii)
36
IASCF
9.21
An entity shall disclose non-controlling interest in the profit or loss of the group
separately in the statement of comprehensive income, as required by paragraph
5.6 (and in the income statement, if presented, as required by paragraph 5.7).
(b)
the basis for concluding that control exists when the parent does not own,
directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, more than half of the voting
power.
(c)
(d)
the nature and extent of any significant restrictions (eg resulting from
borrowing arrangements or regulatory requirements) on the ability of
subsidiaries to transfer funds to the parent in the form of cash dividends
or to repay loans.
(b)
the fact that the financial statements are combined financial statements.
(b)
(c)
the basis for determining which entities are included in the combined
financial statements.
(d)
(e)
IASCF
37
When an amendment to this IFRS has an effect on the current period or any
prior period, or might have an effect on future periods, an entity shall disclose
the following:
(a)
(b)
for the current period and each prior period presented, to the extent
practicable, the amount of the adjustment for each financial statement
line item affected.
(c)
(d)
(b)
the reasons why applying the new accounting policy provides reliable and
more relevant information.
(c)
to the extent practicable, the amount of the adjustment for each financial
statement line item affected, shown separately:
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
38
An entity shall disclose the nature of any change in an accounting estimate and
the effect of the change on assets, liabilities, income and expense for the
current period. If it is practicable for the entity to estimate the effect of the
change in one or more future periods, the entity shall disclose those estimates.
IASCF
(b)
for each prior period presented, to the extent practicable, the amount of
the correction for each financial statement line item affected.
(c)
(d)
IASCF
39
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
11.42
11.43
For all financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value, the entity
shall disclose the basis for determining fair value, eg quoted market price in an
active market or a valuation technique. When a valuation technique is used,
the entity shall disclose the assumptions applied in determining fair value for
each class of financial assets or financial liabilities. For example, if applicable,
an entity discloses information about the assumptions relating to prepayment
rates, rates of estimated credit losses, and interest rates or discount rates.
11.44
40
IASCF
Derecognition
11.45
(b)
the nature of the risks and rewards of ownership to which the entity
remains exposed.
(c)
the carrying amounts of the assets and of any associated liabilities that the
entity continues to recognise.
Collateral
11.46
(b)
For loans payable recognised at the reporting date for which there is a breach
of terms or default of principal, interest, sinking fund, or redemption terms
that has not been remedied by the reporting date, an entity shall disclose the
following:
(a)
(b)
the carrying amount of the related loans payable at the reporting date.
(c)
whether the breach or default was remedied, or the terms of the loans
payable were renegotiated, before the financial statements were
authorised for issue.
An entity shall disclose the following items of income, expense, gains or losses:
(a)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
total interest income and total interest expense (calculated using the
effective interest method) for financial assets or financial liabilities that
are not measured at fair value through profit or loss.
(c)
the amount of any impairment loss for each class of financial asset.
IASCF
41
An entity applying this section shall make all of the disclosures required in
Section 11 incorporating in those disclosures financial instruments that are
within the scope of this section as well as those within the scope of Section 11.
In addition, if the entity uses hedge accounting, it shall make the additional
disclosures in paragraphs 12.2712.29.
12.27
An entity shall disclose the following separately for hedges of each of the four
types of risks described in paragraph 12.17:
12.28
12.29
42
(a)
(b)
(c)
If an entity uses hedge accounting for a hedge of fixed interest rate risk or
commodity price risk of a commodity held (paragraphs 12.1912.22) it shall
disclose the following:
(a)
(b)
the amount of the change in fair value of the hedged item recognised in
profit or loss.
If an entity uses hedge accounting for a hedge of variable interest rate risk,
foreign exchange risk, commodity price risk in a firm commitment or highly
probable forecast transaction, or a net investment in a foreign operation
(paragraphs 12.2312.25) it shall disclose the following:
(a)
the periods when the cash flows are expected to occur and when they are
expected to affect profit or loss.
(b)
(c)
the amount of the change in fair value of the hedging instrument that was
recognised in equity during the period (paragraph 12.23).
(d)
(e)
the amount of any excess of the fair value of the hedging instrument over
the change in the fair value of the expected cash flows that was
recognised in profit or loss (paragraph 12.24).
IASCF
Section 13 Inventories
Disclosures
13.22
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Disclosures
14.12
(b)
(c)
the fair value of investments in associates accounted for using the equity
method for which there are published price quotations.
14.13
For investments in associates accounted for by the cost model, an investor shall
disclose the amount of dividends and other distributions recognised as income.
14.14
14.15
For investments in associates accounted for by the fair value model, an investor
shall make the disclosures required by paragraphs 11.4111.44.
IASCF
43
(b)
(c)
(d)
15.20
For jointly controlled entities accounted for in accordance with the equity
method, the venturer shall also make the disclosures required by paragraph
14.14 for equity method investments.
15.21
For jointly controlled entities accounted for in accordance with the fair value
model, the venturer shall make the disclosures required by paragraphs
11.4111.44.
An entity shall disclose the following for all investment property accounted for
at fair value through profit or loss (paragraph 16.7):
(a)
(b)
the extent to which the fair value of investment property (as measured or
disclosed in the financial statements) is based on a valuation by an
independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional
qualification and has recent experience in the location and class of the
investment property being valued. If there has been no such valuation,
that fact shall be disclosed.
(c)
(d)
44
IASCF
...continued
(e)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
other changes.
An entity shall disclose the following for each class of property, plant and
equipment that was deemed appropriate in accordance with paragraph 4.11(a):
(a)
the measurement bases used for determining the gross carrying amount.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
additions.
(ii)
disposals.
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
depreciation.
IASCF
45
17.32
(b)
An entity shall disclose the following for each class of intangible assets:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
additions.
(ii)
disposals.
(iii)
(iv)
amortisation.
(v)
impairment losses.
(vi)
other changes.
(b)
(ii)
46
IASCF
...continued
18.29
(c)
(d)
For each business combination that was effected during the period, the
acquirer shall disclose the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
the amounts recognised at the acquisition date for each class of the
acquirees assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities, including goodwill.
(f)
(b)
impairment losses.
(c)
(d)
other changes.
IASCF
47
Section 20 Leases
Financial statements of lessees finance leases
20.13
for each class of asset, the net carrying amount at the end of the reporting
period.
(b)
the total of future minimum lease payments at the end of the reporting
period, for each of the following periods:
(c)
20.14
(i)
(ii)
later than one year and not later than five years; and
(iii)
48
(ii)
later than one year and not later than five years; and
(iii)
(b)
(c)
IASCF
(ii)
later than one year and not later than five years; and
(iii)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
20.31
(ii)
later than one year and not later than five years; and
(iii)
(b)
(c)
IASCF
49
Disclosure requirements for lessees and lessors apply equally to sale and
leaseback transactions. The required description of significant leasing
arrangements includes description of unique or unusual provisions of the
agreement or terms of the sale and leaseback transactions.
For each class of provision, an entity shall disclose all of the following:
(a)
a reconciliation showing
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(c)
50
IASCF
If an inflow of economic benefits is probable (more likely than not) but not
virtually certain, an entity shall disclose a description of the nature of the
contingent assets at the end of the reporting period, and, when practicable
without undue cost or effort, an estimate of their financial effect, measured
using the principles set out in paragraphs 21.721.11. If it is impracticable to
make this disclosure, that fact shall be stated.
Prejudicial disclosures
21.17
Section 23 Revenue
General disclosures about revenue
23.30
(b)
(ii)
(iii)
interest.
(iv)
royalties.
(v)
dividends.
(vi)
commissions.
IASCF
51
23.32
(b)
(c)
the gross amount due from customers for contract work, as an asset.
(b)
24.7
(b)
(c)
52
IASCF
An entity shall disclose the following information about the nature and extent
of share-based payment arrangements that existed during the period:
(a)
(b)
the number and weighted average exercise prices of share options for each
of the following groups of options:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
26.20
26.21
For share-based payment arrangements that were modified during the period,
an entity shall disclose an explanation of those modifications.
26.22
If the entity is part of a group share-based payment plan, and it recognises and
measures its share-based payment expense on the basis of a reasonable
allocation of the expense recognised for the group, it shall disclose that fact and
the basis for the allocation (see paragraph 26.16).
26.23
(b)
the total carrying amount at the end of the period for liabilities arising
from share-based payment transactions.
IASCF
53
27.33
An entity shall disclose the following for each class of assets indicated in
paragraph 27.33:
(a)
(b)
An entity shall disclose the information required by paragraph 27.32 for each
of the following classes of asset:
(a)
inventories.
(b)
(c)
goodwill.
(d)
(e)
investments in associates.
(f)
This section does not require specific disclosures about short-term employee
benefits.
54
IASCF
An entity shall disclose the following information about defined benefit plans
(except for any defined multi-employer benefit plans that are accounted for as
a defined contribution plans in accordance with paragraph 28.11, for which the
disclosures in paragraph 28.40 apply instead). If an entity has more than one
defined benefit plan, these disclosures may be made in total, separately for
each plan, or in such groupings as are considered to be the most useful:
(a)
(b)
the entitys accounting policy for recognising actuarial gains and losses
(either in profit or loss or as an item of other comprehensive income) and
the amount of actuarial gains and losses recognised during the period.
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(i)
contributions;
(ii)
(iii)
the total cost relating to defined benefit plans for the period, disclosing
separately the amounts
(i)
(ii)
(h)
for each major class of plan assets, which shall include, but is not limited
to, equity instruments, debt instruments, property, and all other assets,
the percentage or amount that each major class constitutes of the fair
value of the total plan assets at the reporting date.
(i)
(ii)
any property occupied by, or other assets used by, the entity.
continued...
IASCF
55
...continued
(j)
(k)
(ii)
the expected rates of return on any plan assets for the periods
presented in the financial statements;
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
The reconciliations in (e) and (f) above need not be presented for prior periods.
A subsidiary that recognises and measures employee benefit expense on the
basis of a reasonable allocation of the expense recognised for the group
(see paragraph 28.38) shall, in its separate financial statements, describe its
policy for making the allocation and shall make the disclosures in (a)(k) above
for the plan as a whole.
For each category of other long-term benefits that an entity provides to its
employees, the entity shall disclose the nature of the benefit, the amount of its
obligation and the extent of funding at the reporting date.
28.44
When there is uncertainty about the number of employees who will accept an
offer of termination benefits, a contingent liability exists. Section 21 Provisions
and Contingencies requires an entity to disclose information about its contingent
liabilities unless the possibility of an outflow in settlement is remote.
56
When an entity presents current and non-current assets, and current and
non-current liabilities, as separate classifications in its statement of financial
position, it shall not classify any deferred tax assets (liabilities) as current assets
(liabilities).
IASCF
Offsetting
29.29
An entity shall offset current tax assets and current tax liabilities, or offset
deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, only when it has a legally
enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle on a net
basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Disclosures
29.30
29.31
29.32
(a)
(b)
any adjustments recognised in the period for current tax of prior periods.
(c)
(d)
(e)
the effect on deferred tax expense arising from a change in the effect of
the possible outcomes of a review by the tax authorities
(see paragraph 29.24).
(f)
(g)
any change in the valuation allowance (see paragraphs 29.21 and 29.22).
(h)
the aggregate current and deferred tax relating to items that are
recognised as items of other comprehensive income.
(b)
(c)
(d)
for each type of temporary difference and for each type of unused tax
losses and tax credits:
(i)
(ii)
IASCF
57
...continued
(e)
the expiry date, if any, of temporary differences, unused tax losses and
unused tax credits.
(f)
30.25
(b)
30.26
An entity shall disclose the currency in which the financial statements are
presented. When the presentation currency is different from the functional
currency, an entity shall state that fact and shall disclose the functional
currency and the reason for using a different presentation currency.
30.27
When there is a change in the functional currency of either the reporting entity
or a significant foreign operation, the entity shall disclose that fact and the
reason for the change in functional currency.
Section 31 Hyperinflation
Disclosures
31.15
58
the fact that financial statements and other prior period data have been
restated for changes in the general purchasing power of the functional
currency.
(b)
the identity and level of the price index at the reporting date and changes
during the current reporting period and the previous
reporting period.
(c)
IASCF
An entity shall disclose the date when the financial statements were authorised
for issue and who gave that authorisation. If the entitys owners or others have
the power to amend the financial statements after issue, the entity shall
disclose that fact.
32.11
An entity shall disclose the following for each category of non-adjusting event
after the end of the reporting period:
(a)
(b)
The following are examples of non-adjusting events after the end of the
reporting period that would generally result in disclosure; the disclosures will
reflect information that becomes known after the end of the reporting period
but before the financial statements are authorised for issue:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
IASCF
59
33.9
(b)
transactions between an entity and another entity when both entities are
under the common control of a single entity or person.
(c)
If an entity has related party transactions, it shall disclose the nature of the
related party relationship as well as information about the transactions,
outstanding balances and commitments necessary for an understanding of the
potential effect of the relationship on the financial statements. Those
disclosure requirements are in addition to the requirements in paragraph 33.7
to disclose key management personnel compensation. At a minimum,
disclosures shall include:
(a)
(b)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
60
IASCF
...continued
Such transactions could include purchases, sales, or transfers of goods or
services; leases; guarantees; and settlements by the entity on behalf of the
related party or vice versa.
33.10
33.11
An entity shall make the disclosures required by paragraph 33.9 separately for
each of the following categories:
(a)
entities with control, joint control or significant influence over the entity.
(b)
entities over which the entity has control, joint control or significant
influence.
(c)
key management personnel of the entity or its parent (in the aggregate).
(d)
(b)
another entity that is a related party because the same state has control,
joint control or significant influence over both the reporting entity and
the other entity.
The following are examples of transactions that shall be disclosed if they are
with a related party:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
leases.
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
33.13
An entity shall not state that related party transactions were made on terms
equivalent to those that prevail in arms length transactions unless such terms
can be substantiated.
33.14
An entity may disclose items of a similar nature in the aggregate except when
separate disclosure is necessary for an understanding of the effects of related
party transactions on the financial statements of the entity.
IASCF
61
An entity shall disclose the following with respect to its biological assets
measured at fair value:
(a)
(b)
(c)
the gain or loss arising from changes in fair value less costs to sell.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
other changes.
62
An entity shall disclose the following with respect to its biological assets
measured using the cost model:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
IASCF
An entity shall explain how the transition from its previous financial reporting
framework to this IFRS affected its reported financial position, financial
performance and cash flows.
Reconciliations
35.13
(b)
(ii)
the end of the latest period presented in the entitys most recent
annual financial statements determined in accordance with its
previous financial reporting framework.
continued...
IASCF
63
...continued
(c)
35.14
35.15
If an entity did not present financial statements for previous periods, it shall
disclose that fact in its first financial statements that conform to this IFRS.
64
IASCF