‘The Exam AP’ Chemistry Exam 2008 DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Teal ‘Mune of Questions Parent Tt Gade Wing stent Pena requis tree Deioe Instructions ‘Seton fof this tam contains 75 mtiple-choice questions Fil in ony the oa ie uber 1 tough 7 ofthe answer she, Intel of your answer to the mule choice quetion onthe answer sheet. No ‘colt wi be given for arin ween ft his exam bole, bat you may use the Poklet Joenotes or sack work. Aer you ave decided which ofthe aged answers is est, ‘mpl lin the corespendng oval on the ange het Cv ely obeaneve © ‘ech question. If you change an ante, be ure that the previous mark ead ‘mel, Here srl quasion and answer SampleQuasion, — Sample Answec Chiagss SOOO sate @aty (©jeoumy (@)cominene vila ‘Use your tie fective, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy, Do not spent too mich time on any ene queen. Go On to ober questions and come bck o {Be oes you have not anvered fou have tie. es ot expected that everyone wl. ow the aners toa ofthe maple ze questions, ‘About Guessing ‘Many students wonder whether or not o gues te answers to questions ebout which they ‘xe not cern Ta ths section ofthe en, as a conection fr random guesing ‘nevurt of the numer of quests you answer inaorecly wll be seed fom the ‘numberof questions you answer cores. Ifyou ae ot sure af the bs anes bu ve {ome Knowledge of te quesion snd are le To eliniante one or more of Ue newer 0, as>0 @) AH>0, as0 (D) AH<0, AS<0 @ AH=0. A820 12, Must be true fora reaction thats spontaneous at all temperatures 13, True forthe evaporation of wate at 25°C and aim 14. Tru forthe combustion of gid pote, Hd, frm 01) and CO) astm GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGEPart A. Questions 15-17 refer tothe following reactions. (A) 2Mg@) + 0,6) > 2Mg010) B) Po™*(ag) + C0F(aq) -> PECIOA) (© SOss) + 21,00) ~> H,0%a9) + 1S0,"Cea) ©) 21,0) > 2H,@ + 0,0) ©) As"(aa) + 2NHS(aq) > [ARNE Te) 15. A precipitation reaction 16, A Lewis acid-base reaction that produces & ‘coordination complex 17, An oxidation-eduction reaction thats also a synthesis reaction GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. 19Part 8 Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers ‘completions. Select the one thats best in each cazo and then il inthe corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A 2KCIO,) As 2KCKs) + 30x 9 sagt 2KCHD + 204 18, According tothe equation above, how many ‘moles of potassium chlorate, KCIO., must be decomposed to generate LOL of 2 gasat standard temperature and pressure? ca) fh) mt © feo © 3h) mat © 3{p_) = © 2343) ma 19, Which of the following ions has the same number of electrons at BY? (a ca ®) KY © Ss or oa 20, In solid methane, the forces berweun neighboring (CH, molecules are best charecerized as (ionic bonds (B) covalent bonds (©) hydrogen bonds {@) ion-dipote forces ©) London (dispersion forces Raa oo eeamtanisgm 21. Of the felling electon configurations of neutral atoms, which presets an atom in an reid ste? (a) 12288295 @) 1228 2p33¢ (© #28296 36 @) 1228 29832 3p? ©) 122929632 3p 22, Which ofthe following i « nonpfar molecule ‘hat contains polar bonds? WR, @ cH, © co, @ HL ® NH, 23, The oxidation state that is common to agusoas fons af Fe, Ma, and Zn is wet Be O# D4 os 24, Which of the folowing shows the correct mumber of protons, neutrons, and electrons in 2 neutal cxsium-134 atom? Protons Neutrons Electrons Ws 5S @® ss 9 55 Os Bb @ On 3 @ ®t 3 ae GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.25. The pressure in atm, exerted by 1.85 mol of an {deal gas placed in a 3.00 L container at 35.0°C is given by which ofthe following expressions? €.85:0.0821)308) we so am 0.85)35.0) © @osne.00) © aes TATOO €.896.3141308) wm) C2638 .00)0.85) ©) Gosnasoy Tnial Rate of Mg | Cy | Formation of Z ‘a0_| 010} 0.20-| 020. 7 26. The table above shows the ress from arate ssudy ofthe reaction X + ¥ —> 7. Starting with ‘knowa concentrations of X and ¥ in experiment 1 the rate of formation of Z was measured. If the reaction was frst one with respect to X and second order with respect to Y, the initial rate of formation of Z in experiment 2 would be we R ws OR @) 2k © 4k Part B 27. Which ofthe following isa comectly balanced clea reaction? (A) YU 9 Th + Ze ©) "Bet + YN Bob +3 ja (© Ws fee + ade © us n> Bu © BK > Seas oo 28, Which of he fellowing molecules contains ony singe bonds? (a) CH,COOH (®) CHLCH,COocH, OCH, ©) Cary, ) HEN 29, Whatis the molality ofa solution of phosphoric ci, HPO, that consis 245g of phosphoric acid moler mass 98.0 gin 10. g of HO? (A) 0245 m (B) 230m © 400m () 5.0m ©) 40.0m GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. 21| 22 pty flask Flask} guid | 39.493 30. The density of a pure guid at 25°C was calculated by deeming tbe mass and volume ‘of a sample of the liquid. A suudeat measured the mass of a clean, dry 25.00 mL volumetric flask, fled the flask wis calibration mark with the liquid, and then measured the mass ofthe flasc and igo The recorded measurements are shovin in tho table above. On the basis ofthis information, to how many significant figures should the density ofthe gid be reported? ws @4 Os 6 @s 51. A compound contains 30. percent sulfur and 470, potent feorne by mass. The emplsicl focal of the compound is (a) SF ®) SF; © Sh ©) Sky © sF [entertain 32, Gaseous eyclobuteno undergoes a first-order reaction o form giseous butadiene. Ata particular temperature, the partial posture of cyclobutene in the reaction vessel drops fo one-eighth its orginal ‘value in 124 seconds. What isthe al life for this ‘eation at this temperature? (A) 155 see @) 310see (©) 413 see (D) 820se ©) 124 se 33. 1040 mol of H, and0.15 mol of Oy were to react as completly as posible to produce H,0, ‘what mass of reactnt would remain? (A) 020g of H (@) 040 gof Hy (© 32g0f 0, (©) 40g0f 0, ©) 4Agof 0, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,4, 36 2”. CayPODG) +. TLPOMD >... CaH:PODAS) 3, When the equation above i balanced and all coefficients ae reduced to lowest whole-tumber tems, wht is the coefficient PartB for HPO)? wt @2 3 os @5 Hq) +4) Z 2H) au>0 ‘Which of the following changes to the equilibrium system represented above wl Increase the quantity of Hl(g) in the equilibria 1. Adding Hs) TL Increasing the temperature I, Decreasing the pressure (A) Tonly @B) Monty (© Land only (©) Mand Monty © |ihand How many carbon atoms ate contained in 28 g of CH? (&) 12 « 108 @) 30 x 108 (©) 60 x 108 @) 12 « 10% © 60 « 10% ‘Which of the following elements combines with ‘oxygen to form covalent network solid? (a) Si @s Oc ©) Mg ® cs 438, How many mL of 10.0 HCL are needed to prepare $00, mL of 2.00 Af HCI? ) 1.00mL ®) 100m (©) 200m (0) 100. mL 200. mL 239, A sudent mixes equal volumes of 1.0 M solutions of tin chloride snd copper sulfate and fbserves that o precipitate forms. Thee the stadent mixes equal volumes of 1.0 Mf solutions of 2in(T) sulfate and tin) Muoide and observes the formation ofa precipitate. The formula ofthe precipitate must be (8) Sa, @) S980, (©) Sn(80,)2 ©) ZF © Zar, 40. On the bass of sength of intermolecular forces, ‘ich of the following elements would be expected to have the highest moking point? (& Br, @) cy, OR ©) Ke ON, GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. 23a ow CON 41 The diagram shove represents H@) and Ny(@) ina closed container. Which of the fllowing agrams would represent the results ifthe reaction shown below were to proceed as far 1s possible? iQ) + 3HL@) > 2NH@ e | "Poe 3 Bs 49: Bqual masses of He and Ne are placed ina sealed continer. What sth partial pressure (of He ifthe total pressure in the container is Sam? Lam 2am (© 3am, () aim, ® Sam 42, A pure liquid in an open vessel oil atthe ‘emperature at which the (A) molaceniropy ofthe liquid becomes equalto that ofthe gat (@) vapor pressre of the liguid becomes equal ‘the ell pressure atthe ripe point (©) vapor pressure ofthe guid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure on th suTac of the liquid (D) molar eat capacity ofthe liguid becomes salt tat of the gas (© average kinetic eneray ofthe liquid molecules ‘pocomes equal to that ofthe gas molecules © ” 2? = e & eS, © ov OR CLG) + 2Ma9) > 20a) + Len) 44, Which ofthe following best accounts forthe fact that a galvanic cel based on the reaction reprotened above will gnerateeloctcty? (A) Cl, can easily lose two electrons @) Ci, isa stronger oxidizing agent than Ty (© { atoms have more elections than do atoms of Cl () [is amore stable species than I @ 1,6) is more soloble than Cy. GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Temperature Time 45. The cooling curve above shows how the temperature of a sample vais wit ime asthe sample goes trough phase changes. The sample Stars asa gas, and beat is removed ata constant rae, At which Gime does the sample contain the most guid? wr ®)% Os On ®s 46, A solutions prepared by adding 16g of HOH (molar mass 32 g) 10 90. g of H,0 (molar mass 18 ). The mole faction of CHOW inthis soltion is closest to which ofthe following? «on @) 02 © 03 D) 04 ©) 06 Part B 47, When diiting concentrated H,S0,, one should slowly add acid to a beaker of water rather than dd water toa beaker of acid, The reason fo this precaution iso ensure that (A) ther is complete ionization ofthe H,S0, (B) there isa sufficient volume of water to absorb the heat released (©) the water doesnot snk beneath the acid and ‘remain vamixed (D) the acid doos no react with impurities inthe dry beaker (© any SO, released quickly redissolves inthe 48. Which ofthe following i the conjugate acid of NH? Ne @® NH or @ NAY ® HO 9. Salts containing which ofthe following ions are ‘enerallyinsolblein cold water? (A) Acetate B) Ammoniom (©) Potassium (©) Nivate (©) Phosphate GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE.Part B 2 MnO, (ag) + 10 Br(aq) + 16 H'(ag) > 2MaP*(ag) +5 Brag) + 81,00 ‘50, How many electrons are transferred in the reaction represented by te balanced equation above? w2 ® 4 © 5 ©) 8 ® 0 ‘SL. Under which of the following conditions of ‘52, Which ofthe following measures of concentration re and pressure would 1.0 mol ofthe changes with temperature? real gas CO,(g) behave most like an ideal gas? ae ‘Temperature Pressure (B) Mole faction wo (an) © Melety (a) 100 o.1 sts per million by mass ®) 100 100 on (©) 800 01 ©) 800 1 © 800 100 2% GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.53. A sample of 10.0 mol of buyic sci, HCQE,O;, ‘8 wosk sci, is dissolved in 1000. g of water to make a 10,0-molal solution, Which ofthe follow ing would be the best method to determine the molarity of te solution? Gin each ese, assume ‘hat no additional information i available) (A) Titration ofthe solution wit standard acid (B) Measurement ofthe pH witha pif meter (©) Detennination ofthe feezing point of the ‘solution (©) Measurement ofthe teal volume of the solution ©) Measurement of the electrical conductivity ‘of the sation 4, The nonvolatile compound ethylene glycol, (C.H,0;; forms nearly ideal solutions with water ‘What isthe vapor pressure ofa solution made from 1.00 mole of CHO, and 9.00 moles of HO if the vapor pressure of pure water athe same temperatare is 25.0 mm Hig ? @) 250mmHg @) 750mm Hg © 125 mmHg (©) 25mm He © W5mmHg 2X&) + ¥le) 2 3218) 55. The reaction mixture represent above is at equilium at 298 K, andthe molar concentrations are X] = 20. [YI = 0.5 M, and [Z] = 40M. Whats the value ofthe ‘equilibrium constant for the reaction at 298 K? (a) 050 @) 20 © 40 ©) 16 @x2 [empeda we pgelcea Part B 56, The London (dispersion) forces are Weakest for Which ofthe following gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure? “ (8) 0; © Xe Or ®N H—c=c—H '57. What is he hybridization ofthe carbon atoms in & solecul of ethyne, represented above? 2, @ x Ox ©) dy? ® &p 58. A 360. mg sample of aspirin, CyH0y (molar mass 180. 9) is dissolved in enough water to ‘produce 200. mi of solution. What isthe molaty ‘of asprin in a 50. mL sample ofthis solution? (A) 0.080004 ®) Cowom (© o0200m (©) Co1om: ) 0.00250. GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. 27ey NO;=@ N,0=© 459, The diagram above represents aminture of [NO{G@) and N,O(@) in8 LOL continer at 4 given temperature. The two gases rein ‘equilibrium according tothe equation 2NO{@) 2 N;04(g) Which of the following rust be tue about the value ofthe equilibrium constant forthe reaction at this temperature? we @ocket ker Koi {G) Theres not enough information to detemine ‘herelative value of K. 60. When aqueous NH is fir aed ta solution conning Ni, a pespittefoms, but when an cxoess of aqueous NH, isadded the preipate ‘coves, Which ofthe following best explains ‘why the precipitate dissolves? (a) NP forms bydogen bonds wilh NH, (@) N?* forms-a complexion with NH, (©) Ni sets sa Besasted Lowry bse ©) N#* is oxidized w Ni. © NP isroduced Ni. Gis L I CH, —¢ CH, —CH,—0—C— CH, H (1. The stcture of a molecule of “banana ot” {s shown above. This organic compound is ‘anexample of (A) analeobol ®) anamine (©) acatboxylic acid (D) anesier () aketone 62, Which ofthe following pies of laboratory slassware should be used to most accurately ‘measure outa 25.00 mi sample of a solution? (A) Soak pipet (B) 25 mL pipet (©) 2SmL besker (D) 25m Erlenmeyer fase (8) 50m graduated cyinter 63, Which of the fllowing best belps to account forthe fact shat the F~ ions smaller than the OF fon? (A) F> has alarger nuclear mass than Obs (B) F™ has larger nuclear charge than O has. (©) E> has more elecirons than O% has. (D) F> is more electronegative than O is, © F> ismore poazizable than O- is. 64, Which ofthe following solution has a p8 seater than 7.0? (8) 040M KBr B) 010M NCL © 010MECHO, ©) 0.10MNaF © 010MET GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGECollected 1,00) 65, In laboratory experiment, Hy(a) is collected ‘over water in a gas-collection tbe as shown in the diagram above. The temperature of the water is 21°C and the atmospheric pressure inthe laboratory is measured tobe 772 tor. Before measuring the volume of gas collected in the ‘tube, what step any, mast be taken to make ‘possible to determine the total ans pessure inside the the? (A) Tithe tube tothe side enough to let some air in to beak the pail vacuum in the tue, (B) Lift the tube upward uni itis just barely ‘immersed in the water (©) Move the tube downward uni the water Tevel isthe same inside and outside the tube. (D) Adjus the tempera ofthe water to 25°C. {@) No further steps need to be taken a8 long as ‘the temperature ofthe water is known, Part B 6, Factors that affect the rate of «chemical reaction {nce which ofthe following? 1. Frequency of collisions of reactant particles TE Kinedc energy of collisions of reactant particles IL, Orientation of reactant particles ding colisions (A) Healy (8) Landi only (© Tend Ih only (©) Mand MT oaly © Mand GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. 22; i co mcamalaseor Part B tap No; (aa)+.. C10} (aq) > «CP a9) + NO; (ag)+.--100 67. When the equation above i balanced and al coefficients ace reduced to lowest whole-number terms, the coefficient for H,0() is w2 B 4 Os os os (68. The pl of a solution prepared bythe addition of 10, mL of 0.002 M KOH{ag) to 10. mL. of distilled water i closes to wn ® 1 © 10 © + ® 3 68, Atstandard temperature and pressure, 20:50 mol ‘ample of Hy, gas end a oeparte 1.0 mol eample fof Oy gaehave the same (A) average molecular kinetic energy (B) average molecular speed (©) volume (©) effusion rte ©) density 70, Naturally produced amino acids typically contain all ofthe following elements EXCEPT (A) nitrogen (B) chlorine (©) onygen ©) hydrogen (carbon ‘1. Of the following single bonds, which isthe LEAST polar? (A) N-F @B) HF (oF OLE © 0-0 Se] n, 2. When mixed, each ofthe fellowing pis of reactants gives visible evidence of « chemical reaction EXCEPT (A) Ne,CO,() + HCKag) (@) Za(e) + HCKag) (© BaNO,),(a) + Na,S0,(e2) @) FeCiy(eq) + KOH(ea) ©) NHCl(ag) + HCKaq) —_ Contuinet 1 Container 2 ‘The figure above shows two closed containers. Esch contains the same volume of acetone in equilibrium with its vapor athe same empecs- ture. The vapor pressure ofthe acetone is (A) higherin container 1 because the surface area ofthe igi is greater (B) bigher in container 1 because the volume of vapor is greater (©) lowerin container 1 because he level ofthe liquid is lower (D) the sume in bot containers because the volume ofthe liquids the same (the sume in both containers because the temperate isthe same GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPart B 7H, An electic eurent of 1.00 ampere is passed through an squeous solution of Ni(NO;),- How long wil take to pate foutexsely 1.00 mol of nickel metl assuming 100 percent current efficiency? (1 faratay = 96,500 coulomb (4) 386,000 see (B) 193,000 see (©) 96500 see (D) 48200 see © 24,100 see 6.02 «107 electrons) 75. Which ofthe folowing molecules has an angular (ent) geometry that is commonly represented 2s ‘resonance hybrid of two or mare electon-dot semuctures? (00, 0 Oc (0) Ber © oF, END OF SECTION!Answers to the 2008 AP Chemistry Exam Chapter III F ‘Multiple Choice ‘Section I: f Section I Multiple Choice Listed below ae the correct answers othe muliple-cholce ‘qustions, the percent of AP students wo answered each ‘question correctly by AP score, and the total percent Conectly ‘+ Section [Answer Key and Percent Answering 1+ Analyzing Your Student Performance on the i 8 2 i F if il i aa fede vail as Section I Answer Key and Percent Answering Correctly AE]|>|ale o|s\ols|5]x)s|»|2|rIa]5]5]9/a}9|0/s\a]s]5)5 aclsi® 2|s|a|=|s]e|s)s/5/9]8/2/8)0]8|4]8]8/2) 8/8) Br [alee a]e|ala|e|a|e|ajale[s\a) |e] |e] |e]a)a]s| Efe Peels olen =a [dsl eee see 2] = [olels al tale |a]s(=|=[=\5)a|5|s\e[2\5]s|e]2|s|a(e il Prey EJP |5}8a}e|5)s} [eal lal solos fo ALE lols also} fol lp|osloles]efa)sa}y EL 1ei8ie]9] 815 [e}9h5|§) ee )=]8]5)5) 2/9/2191 8/65 3| « |&/8/8/8/8|8|3/8|8]8/8/8)/8]5/8/5/2/5/2/8)8/ 8/8 /a/s Ele Fell elelalsll=|)|)=a])e|=e |= a al lalallala E> [elslale||=|=)a|s]e)s|a[= |a[s)s|ela)slele|s|ela BE lefts lnefefetefe| co [a /e|els|a} as | 5 [ela or les [ a] ot @ |e fm pelo lalel = oe Ce ore wr es Pio [oo a CC ee Pe foe [ae Pa Pn oe 6 [a _[eletslatal a @ [ra fatelatse [al [ala ats ep] o ee @_| > [#lelozta| = n_[¢ [| e| alsa] « = o_jetela [etal = a a eC ola teletslals|—s mp pe fate far ets ao [s[@[=|«| we] 2 va fe pepe pty fe | @| 2 |olslelala| =| 8 [ale fela[el a e@ [8 tafe fost f [a 3. To compare the students numberof correct answers for each section withthe average number correct fr that section, copy the number of correct answers to the “Number Correct table atthe end ofthe Disgnostic Gute addition, under each item, the percent of AP students ‘who answered correctly is chown, o students can analyze their performance on individual tems. Thisinformation will be helpful in deciding how students should plan their stady time, Please note that one item may appear in several diferent categories, as questions can cover diferent opis.