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DEDICATORIA A ti, que desde ah todo lo sabes.

Tuesta como gua intelectual en el camino.

A mis padres.

A Maria Luisa Rivara de

PEDRO S. ZULEN (1889-1925)

Imagen extrada del libro Programas de Psicologa y lgica.

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La presente investigacin es un estudi del pensamiento de Pedro Salvino Zulen Aymar
(1889-1925), personaje a quien ubicamos intelectualmente en las dos primeras dcadas del siglo
XX.
En torno al pensamiento de Pedro Zulen consideramos los problemas Cmo se determinan
los perodos intelectuales a partir de su obra escrita? y Cules son los fundamentos de la nocin
de educacin , hombre y filosofa?, para esto, presentamos cronolgicamente los periodos de
reflexin en la vida intelectual de nuestro autor partiendo de un proceso de anlisis- sntesis de
sus obras escritas tanto publicadas como no publicadas (materiales inditos) desde los cuales se
determina la reflexin en cada perodo, temas que involucran una visin filosfica en sus
conceptualizaciones sobre educacin, hombre y filosofa.
Pedro Zulen se form intelectualmente en filosofa razn por la cual asumimos su
pensamiento con perspectiva filosfica, mostramos el alto valor intelectual de un pensador casi
olvidado y as fundamentamos el pensamiento filosfico a partir de una periodificacin de sus
artculos, cartas, documentos inditos, manuscritos y obras publicadas en nuestro pas, con una
temtica particular, presentando un campo terico amplio donde se afirma su autonoma en el
pensar.
Los fundamentos del pensamiento filosfico de Pedro Zulen que corresponden a cada
perodo de reflexin se anteponen teorizando la nocin de educacin donde plantea una
propuesta pragmtica al modelo educativo peruano, la nocin de hombre que corresponde al
segundo perodo intelectual es formulada con una perspectiva humanista social lo cual indica la
temporalidad de Zulen y filosofa viene a ser el perodo cumbre de su pensamiento formulando
sus crticas a la filosofa de Bergson y sus propuestas filosficas.
En este sentido encaminamos nuestra investigacin para incrementar el estudio de
pensadores peruanos, ya que Pedro Zulen fue un intelectual del siglo XX que tambin se
preocup por problemas de la realidad peruana, enfatizamos por un lado la influencia que tuvo el
pragmatismo en el Per y por otro la manera como asume este pensamiento nuestro autor.
La investigacin que presentamos comprende un conjunto de cinco partes, los cuales a su
vez estn divididos en captulos. Presentamos, primero los antecedentes; segundo la vida y obra
de Pedro Zulen; tercero la periodificacin del pensamiento de Pedro Zulen; cuarto la estructura y
tematizacin de su pensamiento; finalmente, quinto los contemporneos y continuadores de la
obra de Zulen.
La primera parte tiene dos captulos, en el primero sintetizamos los sucesos histricos en
particular de fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX , distinguiendo el entorno histrico-cultural
con el estallido de la primera guerra mundial; en el segundo capitulo revisamos la influencia del
entorno filosfico, sobre todo, en las dos primeras dcadas del siglo XX.
La segunda parte consta de tres captulos, en el primero elaboramos la biografa de Pedro
Zulen, presentando especficamente dos mbitos, por un lado la infancia / adolescencia y por
otro juventud / madurez. En el segundo capitulo elaboramos un repertorio bibliogrfico partiendo
del ya realizado por su hermana Esther Zulen en 1925 despus de la muerte de Pedro Zulen, e
incrementamos aquellos antes desconocidos escritos que ahora los incluimos como parte de la
nueva bibliografa. En el tercer capitulo presentamos una apreciacin general de su obra
publicada y no publicada proponiendo grupos para una prxima compilacin de la obra de
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nuestro autor.
En la tercera parte presentamos la periodificacin del pensamiento de Pedro Zulen, el cual
est comprendido en tres captulos, donde cada uno expresa un determinado perodo clasificado
cronolgicamente; as tenemos el primer perodo de 1904 a 1911, el segundo perodo abarca de
1912 a 1918 y el tercer perodo de 1920 hasta 1925. El estudio de sus obras escritas nos ha
permitido hacer esta periodificacin presentando una sntesis de sus escritos y planteando as la
temtica que se desprende de cada uno de ellos.
En la cuarta parte presentamos la estructura y tematizacin que corresponde a cada perodo
de reflexin. Establecemos, as, tres captulos, en el primero la nocin de educacin sobre el
trasfondo de la propuesta pragmtica que hiciera Zulen en el primer perodo de su pensamiento.
En el segundo captulo, la nocin de hombre que responde a la teorizacin que hace Zulen en el
segundo perodo, el social humanista. Y en el tercer capitulo la nocin de filosofa
correspondiendo al tercer perodo intelectual, el acadmico filosfico.
En la quinta parte establecemos la relacin del hombre con su tiempo y presentamos en dos
captulos los contemporneos y continuadores del pensamiento y la obra de Pedro Zulen.
Desarrollamos la presente investigacin partiendo de lo concreto para presentar la
comprensin del pensamiento de Zulen teniendo presente el anlisis y la sntesis en la
reproduccin de lo concreto como lo concreto pensado, de este modo incluimos al final de cada
una de las cinco partes , la sntesis de lo concreto, es decir en cada una de las partes que
comprende esta investigacin presentamos conclusiones parciales las cuales y a partir de ellas
nos permiten la sntesis de la investigacin en las conclusiones generales. Finalmente incluimos
en el apndice tres cartas de Pedro Zulen significativas para esta investigacin y una resea
acerca del Deber Pro Indgena y Autonomapublicados por Dora Mayer.
Esta investigacin responde a la motivacin que tuve por nuestros profesores Raimundo
Prado Redondez, Octavio Obando Moran, y en especial por Maria Luisa Rivara de Tuesta, en
relacin a la filosofa en el Per y los pensadores peruanos.
Para este estudio hemos recurrido al fondo reservado de la UNMSM, a la Biblioteca
Nacional del Per, al Archivo Zulen, a la Biblioteca Central Pedro Zulen de la UNMSM,
tambin mantuvimos conversacin con la sobrina de Pedro Zulen, la Srta. Beatriz Zulen
Avellaneda quien gentilmente nos brind informacin para reconstruir parte de la vida y obra de
nuestro autor. Seguidamente procedimos a recopilar la informacin necesaria en distintos
peridicos y revistas de la poca.
Por ultimo, expreso mi gratitud a los docentes Magdalena Vexler Talledo y Anbal Campos
Rodrigo por sus valiosas recomendaciones y sugerencias, a Carlos Mora Zavala y Jos Carlos
Balln por facilitar algunos materiales que contribuyeron en esta investigacin, a Octavio
Obando Morn, Maria Luisa Rivara de Tuesta y Betzab Lazarte Rivera por aclarar muchas
dudas que surgieron en todo este tiempo y por brindarme su apoyo intelectual con alcances sobre
el tema.

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ARCHIVO ZULEN, Direccin de investigaciones, Biblioteca Nacional, Documentos
consultados: Artculos, correspondencia, cuadernos, ensayos, manuscritos.
BASADRE, Jorge. Homenaje a Pedro S. Zulen. En Fnix. Revista de la Biblioteca
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BASADRE, Jorge. La herencia de Zulen. En Boletn Bibliogrfico de la UNMSM,
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ZULEN, Esther. Noticia biogrfica. En Boletn Bibliogrfico de la UNMSM. (Lima), Vol.
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ZULEN, Pedro.
La filosofa de lo inexpresable. Bosquejo de una interpretacin y una crtica de la
filosofa de Bergson. Lima, Imp. Sanmarti, 1920.
Del Neohegelianismo al neorealismo. Estudio de las corrientes filosficas en Inglaterra
y los Estados Unidos desde la introduccin de Hegel hasta la actual reaccin
neorrealista. Lima, Imp. Lux de E. L. Castro, 1924.
-') . / 0
*1  " !-

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Programas de Psicologa y lgica. Segn el curso dictado en el 2 semestre de 1924.

Lima, Imp. Garcilazo, 1925. (Pstuma).
El problema nacional de la educacin, La Prensa, (Lima), 26 de marzo de 1909, p. 2.
Cmo celebraremos nuestro centenario?, En El Deber Pro- Indgena. Lima, Ao 1,
N 1, Octubre de 1912, pp. 6-7.
Educacin y crtica I. En Contemporneos. Lima, N 7, 15 de julio de 1909, pp.
308-311.
Educacin y crtica II. En Contemporneos. Lima, N 8, 28 de julio de 1909, pp.
358-363.
El espiritismo y la Enquete de Le Matin, En Variedades, (Lima), ao IV, N 13, 30
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Llegaremos a comunicarnos con los ultra-terrestres? En Variedades. (Lima), ao IV,
N 15, 13 de junio de 1908, pp. 503-504.
Teosofa y ciencia En Variedades. (Lima), ao IV, N 19, 11 de julio de 1908, p. 622.
Poincare y el porvenir de las matemticas En Variedades. (Lima), ao IV, N 22, 1 de
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Un concepto de Spencer mal interpretado La Prensa. (Lima), 16 de agosto 1908.
La desintegracin de la materia viviente En Variedades. (Lima), ao IV, N 29, 19 de
setiembre de 1908, p. 944.
Egosmo o altruismo La Prensa, (Lima), 1 de noviembre, 1908.
La ciencia contempornea En Variedades. (Lima), ao IV, N 47, 23 de enero de
1909, pp. 1519-1520.
Notas pedaggicas sobre la segunda enseanza La Prensa. (Lima), 21 de noviembre
,1908.
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-$
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Balnearios, (Barranco), 7 de Mayo, 1911.

El Comercio, (Lima), 1910. ss
El Deber pro-Indgena, (Lima), Ao II. N 22. Julio de 1914.
El Tiempo, (Lima), 1920 ss.
Ilustracin Peruana, (Lima), 22 de noviembre, 1911.
La Crnica, (Lima),1911, ss.
La Prensa, (Lima), 26 de marzo 1909. ss

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