CHEMCAD 6 User Guide - Online

CHEMCAD Version 6
User Guide
Allmaterial2007Chemstations,Inc.
CHEMCAD Version 6 User Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter1IntroductiontoCHEMCAD .............................................................................................. 1
OverviewofCHEMCADandItsUses ................................................................................................ 1
CHEMCADProductsandFeatures ................................................................................................. 3
CC-STEADY STATE .......................................................................................................................................3
CC-DYNAMICS ...............................................................................................................................................3
CC-BATCH .......................................................................................................................................................3
CC-THERM.......................................................................................................................................................3
CC-SAFETY NET.............................................................................................................................................3
CC-FLASH........................................................................................................................................................3
CHEMCADFeaturesbyModule...................................................................................................... 4
UnitOpsbyModule............................................................................................................................ 5
Chapter2GettingStartedwithCHEMCAD..................................................................................... 7
InstallingtheSoftware ........................................................................................................................... 7
LicensingCHEMCAD ......................................................................................................................... 10
TypesofCHEMCADLicenses........................................................................................................ 10
LicenseSettings ................................................................................................................................. 11
UpdatingaLicense ........................................................................................................................... 12
GettingHelpwithCHEMCAD .......................................................................................................... 14
OnlineHelp ....................................................................................................................................... 14
CHEMCADCoach............................................................................................................................ 15
ProcedureDemos.............................................................................................................................. 15
TheChemstationsWebSite............................................................................................................. 15
ContactingChemstationsTechnicalSupport ............................................................................... 15
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TableofContents
Chapter3TheCHEMCADInterface................................................................................................ 17
TheCHEMCADWindow ................................................................................................................... 17
TheWorkspace.................................................................................................................................. 18
TheCHEMCADExplorerPane ...................................................................................................... 18
The Recent Files Tab .......................................................................................................................................19
The Simulation Tab .........................................................................................................................................19
The Visual Basic Tab.......................................................................................................................................20
ThePalettePane ................................................................................................................................ 20
Selecting a Palette............................................................................................................................................20
Customizing Palettes .......................................................................................................................................21
TheMessagesPane ........................................................................................................................... 22
The Errors and Warnings Tab..........................................................................................................................22
The Run Trace Tab ..........................................................................................................................................22
The Notes Tab .................................................................................................................................................23
TheMainMenu................................................................................................................................. 23
TheToolbar........................................................................................................................................ 23
CustomizingtheCHEMCADScreen................................................................................................. 23
ViewingandHidingScreenElements ........................................................................................... 24
ResizingandMovingItems............................................................................................................. 24
Resizing a Pane................................................................................................................................................24
Moving a Pane .................................................................................................................................................25
PinningandUnpinningPanes........................................................................................................ 25
OtherUsefulInterfaceHints............................................................................................................... 26
UndoandRedo ................................................................................................................................. 26
VisibleGrid........................................................................................................................................ 26
AdjustingYourViewoftheWorkspace........................................................................................ 27
TheCHEMCADCoachPane .......................................................................................................... 27
Chapter4WorkingwithSimulationFiles ...................................................................................... 29
AboutCHEMCADSimulationFiles.................................................................................................. 29
UserComponentsinCHEMCAD .................................................................................................. 30
ExampleFiles..................................................................................................................................... 30
OpeninganExistingSimulation ........................................................................................................ 31
CreatingaNewSimulation................................................................................................................. 31
SavingaSimulation.............................................................................................................................. 32
SavingDifferentCasesfortheSameSimulation.......................................................................... 32
EmailingaSimulation ........................................................................................................................ 33
WorkingwithCHEMCADFilesfromPreviousVersions .............................................................. 33
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TableofContents
Chapter5BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation ........................................................................ 35
StartingaNewSimulation .................................................................................................................. 35
SelectingEngineeringUnits................................................................................................................ 36
DrawingtheFlowsheet........................................................................................................................ 36
AddingUnitOps ............................................................................................................................... 36
SelectingaDefaultIconforaUnitOp ............................................................................................ 37
ManipulatingUnitOpIcons ............................................................................................................ 38
DrawingandConnectingaStream ................................................................................................ 38
Choosing a Stream Route ................................................................................................................................39
Rerouting a Stream ..........................................................................................................................................39
OtherDrawingTools........................................................................................................................ 40
The Text Tool ..................................................................................................................................................40
Simple Drawing Tools: Rectangle, Ellipse, and Line ......................................................................................40
Complex Drawing Tools: Multi-line and Polygon ..........................................................................................40
SelectingChemicalComponents........................................................................................................ 41
FindingaComponent ...................................................................................................................... 41
AddingaComponent....................................................................................................................... 42
ChangingtheOrderofSelectedComponents .............................................................................. 43
RemovingItemsfromtheSelectedComponentsList ................................................................. 43
SelectingKvalueandEnthalpyOptions .......................................................................................... 44
UsingtheThermodynamicsWizard .............................................................................................. 44
Selecting Components to Ignore......................................................................................................................44
Specifying Process Conditions ........................................................................................................................44
How the Thermodynamics Wizard Makes Suggestions ..................................................................................44
Should the Thermodynamics Wizard be trusted to make design decisions? ...................................................45
ManuallySelectingThermodynamicsSettings ............................................................................ 45
DefiningStreams .................................................................................................................................. 46
ThermodynamicProperties............................................................................................................. 46
StreamComposition ......................................................................................................................... 46
TotalFlowProperties ....................................................................................................................... 47
SpecifyingEquipmentParameters..................................................................................................... 47
RunningtheSimulation....................................................................................................................... 48
ReviewingtheResults.......................................................................................................................... 48
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TableofContents
Chapter6UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling........................................................... 49
Whatishighfidelitymodeling?......................................................................................................... 49
CriteriaforHighfidelityModeling ................................................................................................... 50
IntroductiontoEquipmentSizing ..................................................................................................... 50
HighfidelityModelingandSizingforCommonUnitOps ............................................................ 51
Piping.................................................................................................................................................. 51
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................51
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................51
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................51
Pumps,Compressors,andExpanders ........................................................................................... 52
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................52
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................52
VesselsandTanks............................................................................................................................. 52
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................52
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................53
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................53
Valves ................................................................................................................................................. 53
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................53
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................54
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................54
Columns ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................54
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................54
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................55
HeatExchangers ............................................................................................................................... 56
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................56
Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................56
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................56
ReliefDevices .................................................................................................................................... 57
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................57
High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................58
LicensingConsiderationsforHighfidelityModeling.................................................................... 58
Chapter7BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation ................................................................. 59
Whatdowemeanbydynamics? ....................................................................................................... 59
LicensingConsiderations .................................................................................................................... 59
AdditionalInputforDynamicOperation......................................................................................... 60
StrategiesforDynamicSimulations ............................................................................................... 61
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SettingUpDynamicOperation .......................................................................................................... 61
SwitchingtoDynamics .................................................................................................................... 61
SettingtheRunTime ........................................................................................................................ 63
SelectingStreamsandUnitOps ...................................................................................................... 65
RunningaDynamicSimulation ......................................................................................................... 66
RunfromInitialState ....................................................................................................................... 66
RunfromCurrentState.................................................................................................................... 66
RunOneStepataTime ................................................................................................................... 67
OtherDynamicCommands ................................................................................................................ 67
ResettoInitialState .......................................................................................................................... 67
SaveAsInitialState .......................................................................................................................... 68
OutputfromDynamicSimulations ................................................................................................... 68
ReviewingtheFlowsheetSpecifications........................................................................................ 68
PlottingDynamicResults ................................................................................................................ 69
TextbasedDynamicReports .......................................................................................................... 69
Chapter8OutputandReports........................................................................................................... 71
TextReports .......................................................................................................................................... 71
ReportSetup ...................................................................................................................................... 71
StreambasedReports....................................................................................................................... 72
Stream Groups .................................................................................................................................................72
Stream Compositions.......................................................................................................................................74
Stream Properties.............................................................................................................................................75
Particle Size Distribution.................................................................................................................................76
Pseudocomponent Curves................................................................................................................................76
UnitOpbasedReports...................................................................................................................... 76
UnitOp Groups ................................................................................................................................................76
Select UnitOps.................................................................................................................................................77
Spec Sheet........................................................................................................................................................77
Distillation .......................................................................................................................................................78
FlowsheetbasedReports ................................................................................................................. 78
Topology..........................................................................................................................................................78
Thermodynamics .............................................................................................................................................78
Mass and Energy Balances ..............................................................................................................................79
DynamicsReports............................................................................................................................. 79
Batch Results ...................................................................................................................................................79
Dynamics .........................................................................................................................................................79
ConsolidatedReport......................................................................................................................... 79
TableofContents
GraphicalReports................................................................................................................................. 80
ThermophysicalDataGraphs ......................................................................................................... 80
TPXY...............................................................................................................................................................80
Binary LLE ......................................................................................................................................................80
Binodal Plot .....................................................................................................................................................80
Binodal/Residue Curves ..................................................................................................................................80
Residue Curves ................................................................................................................................................80
FlowsheetbasedGraphs.................................................................................................................. 80
UnitOpbasedPlots .......................................................................................................................... 81
Tower Profiles .................................................................................................................................................81
Heat Curves .....................................................................................................................................................81
Plug Flow Reactor Profile ...............................................................................................................................81
Pipe Profile ......................................................................................................................................................81
Controller Convergence...................................................................................................................................81
DynamicPlots ................................................................................................................................... 81
UserspecifiedFile ............................................................................................................................ 81
PrintingCHEMCADReports ............................................................................................................. 82
ProcessFlowDiagrams ....................................................................................................................... 82
FlowsheetDataboxes........................................................................................................................ 82
Stream Boxes...................................................................................................................................................82
UnitOp Boxes ..................................................................................................................................................83
TP Boxes .........................................................................................................................................................83
Excel Range Boxes ..........................................................................................................................................84
UsingtheLayersFeatureforSelectiveViewingandPrinting ................................................... 85
Scenarios for Using Layers..............................................................................................................................85
Creating a New layer .......................................................................................................................................86
Assigning Objects to a Layer...........................................................................................................................87
Hiding and Viewing Layers.............................................................................................................................88
Removing an Object from a Layer ..................................................................................................................88
Deleting an Entire Layer..................................................................................................................................88
PrintingaProcessFlowDiagram ................................................................................................... 88
Chapter9CustomizingCHEMCAD ................................................................................................ 91
FlowsheetTemplates ........................................................................................................................... 91
CreatingaTemplate ......................................................................................................................... 92
ViewingaTemplatesProperties.................................................................................................... 92
ApplyingaTemplate........................................................................................................................ 92
RenamingorDeletingaTemplate.................................................................................................. 92
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CreatingCustomComponents ........................................................................................................... 93
AddingaSingleComponent........................................................................................................... 93
Creating the Component ..................................................................................................................................93
Regressing Data into the Component ..............................................................................................................95
PseudocomponentRange ................................................................................................................ 96
ImportingaNeutralFile .................................................................................................................. 97
CreatingaCustomSymbol ................................................................................................................. 98
CustomizedCostingCalculations.................................................................................................... 100
CreatingCustomUnitOps ................................................................................................................ 100
CreatingaCustomUnitOpDialogBox ....................................................................................... 101
CustomizingThermodynamics ........................................................................................................ 102
CreatingaCustomKvalueorEnthalpyModel......................................................................... 102
CreatingaCustomMixingRule ................................................................................................... 104
VisualBasicApplications(VBA)...................................................................................................... 104
DefiningaReaction,MixingRule,orUnitOp ............................................................................ 104
UsingaVBAdefinedReaction ..................................................................................................... 105
UsingaVBAdefinedMixingRule............................................................................................... 106
UsingaVBAdefinedUnitOp ....................................................................................................... 106
Chapter10DataInterfaces ............................................................................................................... 107
ExcelDataMapping........................................................................................................................... 107
CreatinganExcelDataMap.......................................................................................................... 108
DataMapExecutionRules ............................................................................................................ 111
CreatingExcelUnitOps ..................................................................................................................... 113
SpecificationSheets ............................................................................................................................ 113
UsingCHEMCADasanOPCServer .............................................................................................. 114
OPCApplications ........................................................................................................................... 114
OPCCompliance............................................................................................................................. 114
EnablingCHEMCADasanOPCServer ..................................................................................... 115
ReadingandWritingValuestoCHEMCADUsingOPC ......................................................... 115
OPCServerOperations.................................................................................................................. 115
CHEMCADOPCNamespace ....................................................................................................... 116
COMInterfaces ................................................................................................................................... 117
ConnectingExcelandCHEMCAD:ASimpleCOMInterface ................................................. 117
Using the VBClient Example ........................................................................................................................118
A Peek under the Hood..................................................................................................................................118
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TableofContents
Chapter11CHEMCADTutorials ................................................................................................... 121

CCSTEADYSTATETutorial ........................................................................................................... 122
Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 122
StartingaNewSimulation ............................................................................................................ 123
SelectingEngineeringUnits .......................................................................................................... 123
DrawingtheFlowsheet .................................................................................................................. 123
Placing UnitOps.............................................................................................................................................123
Drawing Streams ...........................................................................................................................................126
SelectingComponents.................................................................................................................... 126
SelectingThermodynamicOptions.............................................................................................. 128
DefiningtheFeedStreams............................................................................................................. 130
EnterUnitOpParameters .............................................................................................................. 132
First Heat Exchanger .....................................................................................................................................132
Second Heat Exchanger.................................................................................................................................133
Flash Drum ....................................................................................................................................................133
Valve..............................................................................................................................................................133
Stabilizer Tower ............................................................................................................................................134
RuntheSimulation ......................................................................................................................... 134

ReviewtheResultsandPrintasNeeded..................................................................................... 134
Checking the Cricondentherm Dewpoint.......................................................................................................134
Checking the Bottoms Stream Purity.............................................................................................................137
Re-running the Simulation.............................................................................................................................138
Producing a Text Report................................................................................................................................139
Generating a Process Flow Diagram..............................................................................................................140
CCTHERMTutorial .......................................................................................................................... 144

OverviewoftheHeatExchangerSizingProcess ....................................................................... 145
IdentifytheTubesideStream....................................................................................................... 145
GeneratetheHeatCurve ............................................................................................................... 146
DefineGeneralSpecifications ....................................................................................................... 147
SetTubeSpecifications................................................................................................................... 148
SetShellSpecifications ................................................................................................................... 148
SetBaffleSpecifications.................................................................................................................. 149
Baffle Spacing ...............................................................................................................................................149
Baffle Cut Percent .........................................................................................................................................149
SetNozzleSpecifications ............................................................................................................... 149

SetClearanceSpecifications .......................................................................................................... 150
SetMaterialSpecifications............................................................................................................. 151
SetMiscellaneousSpecifications................................................................................................... 151
RunSizingCalculations ................................................................................................................. 151
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ReviewResultsandCreatePlots .................................................................................................. 152

CCBATCHTutorial .......................................................................................................................... 154
DescriptionoftheProblem............................................................................................................ 154
OverviewoftheBatchDistillationProcess ................................................................................. 155
CreatingaNewSimulation ........................................................................................................... 156
SelectingEngineeringUnits .......................................................................................................... 156
DrawingtheFlowsheet .................................................................................................................. 156
Placing UnitOps.............................................................................................................................................156
Drawing Streams ...........................................................................................................................................157
SelectingComponents.................................................................................................................... 158
SelectingThermodynamicOptions.............................................................................................. 158
SpecifyingPotCharge.................................................................................................................... 160
SpecifyingtheDistillationColumn .............................................................................................. 162
DefiningtheOperatingSteps........................................................................................................ 163
Operating Step 1 ............................................................................................................................................163
Operating Step 2 ............................................................................................................................................164
Operating Step 3 ............................................................................................................................................164
Operating Step 4 ............................................................................................................................................165
Operating Step 5 ............................................................................................................................................165
The Run Time Information Dialog Box.........................................................................................................165
RunningtheSimulation ................................................................................................................. 166

ReviewingandPrintingResults ................................................................................................... 167
Plotting the Results ........................................................................................................................................167
Generating Text Reports................................................................................................................................168
Generating a Full Report ...............................................................................................................................168
PipingTutorial .................................................................................................................................... 170

ControlValveSizingExample ...................................................................................................... 170
Problem Statement.........................................................................................................................................170
Rating Case....................................................................................................................................................171
Flow Rate as a Function of Pressure..............................................................................................................173
SimpleFlowExample..................................................................................................................... 176
Creating the Simulation .................................................................................................................................176
Using Controllers to Simplify the Problem ...................................................................................................178
Calculating NPSHA.......................................................................................................................................179
BranchedFlowExample ................................................................................................................ 180

Creating the Simulation .................................................................................................................................180
Running the Simulation .................................................................................................................................182
Selecting a Pump ...........................................................................................................................................183
Index ........................................................................................................................................ 185

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TableofContents
Chapter 1
Introduction to CHEMCAD
WelcometoCHEMCADVersion6.0,apowerfulandeffectivesoftwaretoolfor
chemicalprocesssimulation.WhetheryoureaneworexperiencedCHEMCADuser,
youllappreciatetheprogramsuserfriendly,featurerichinterface.Creating
flowsheetsandrunningsimulationsisfastandeasywithCHEMCAD,andthe
programishighlycustomizabletofityourneedsandthewayyouwork.
ThismanualwillhelpyougetupandrunningwithCHEMCAD,from
installationandlicensingtotutorialsthatwalkyouthroughrealworldexamples.
Overview of CHEMCAD and Its Uses

Todayschemicalprocessingindustry(CPI)facesnumerouschallenges:risingfuel
andfeedstockcosts,reducedengineeringstaff,shorterproductlifecycles,increased
globalcompetition,andincreasedregulation.ThesechallengesrequirethatCPI
companiesseekoutandusethebesttoolstoincreaseproductivityandimprove
engineeringdecisions.
CHEMCADisapowerfulandflexiblechemicalprocesssimulationenvironment,
builtaroundthreekeyvaluesofinnovation,integration,andopenarchitecture.
ThesevaluescreateimportantadvantagesforCHEMCADusers:
Thelatestchemicalengineeringtechniquesatyourfingertips
Allfunctionalityunitedinasinglesoftwareenvironment
Seamlessconnectiontothechemicalengineeringcomputingenvironment,with
linkstotoolssuchasMSExcelandWordandinterfacessuchasCOM,DCOM,
OPC,CAPEOPEN,andXML
IntroductiontoCHEMCAD
CHEMCADcombinesastateoftheartgraphicaluserinterface(GUI),an
extensivechemicalcomponentdatabase,alargelibraryofthermodynamicdata,and
alibraryofthemostcommonunitoperationstogiveuserstheabilitytoprovide
significantandmeasurablereturnsontheirinvestment.Inaddition,theprogramis
customizabletoallowcustomchemicals,thermodynamics,unitoperations,
calculations,andreportingallingredientsforapowerfuluserexperience.
CHEMCADiscapableofmodelingcontinuous,batch,andsemibatchprocesses,
anditcansimulatebothsteadystateanddynamicsystems.Thisprogramisused
extensivelyaroundtheworldforthedesign,operation,andmaintenanceofchemical
processesinawidevarietyofindustries,includingoilandgasexploration,
production,andrefining;gasprocessing;commodityandspecialtychemicals;
pharmaceuticals;biofuels;andprocessequipmentmanufacturing.
Withinalloftheseindustries,chemicalengineersworkeverydaywith
CHEMCADtoaddressavarietyofchallenges:
Initialdesignofnewprocesses
Optimizationordebottleneckingofexistingprocesses
Performancemonitoringofprocesses
Designandratingofprocessequipmentsuchasvessels,columns,heat
exchangers,piping,valves,andinstrumentation
Evaluationofsafetyreliefdevices
Heatexchangersizing
Pressureandflowbalancingofcomplexpipingnetworks
Reconciliationofplantdata
Economiccomparisonsofprocessalternatives
Advancedprocesscontrol(APC),includingmodelpredictivecontrol(MPC),
realtimeoptimization(RTO),andoperatortrainingsystems(OTS)
Scaleupofprocessesfromlabscaletopilotscale,andfrompilotscaletofull
scale
Binaryinteractionparameter(BIP)regressionfromprocessorlabdata
Batchreactionrateregressionfromprocessorlabdata
Nomatterhowcomplexyourprocess,CHEMCADiscapableofdeliveringthe
resultsyouneedtostaycompetitiveinanincreasinglyfastandfluidglobalmarket.
Easytolearnandhighlycustomizable,CHEMCADcanputfutureproofsolutions
withineasyreachofyourengineeringstaff.
CHEMCAD Products and Features

TheCHEMCADsuiteconsistsofseveralmodulesthatservespecificpurposes.
Dependingonyourparticularneeds,youmayhavepurchasedsomeorallofthese
modules.ThefollowingarebriefdescriptionsofthevariousCHEMCADmodules
andtheirmostcommonuses.
CC-STEADY STATE
ThemainCHEMCADproduct,knownasCCSTEADYSTATE,enablesyouto
designnewprocesses,rateexistingprocesses,andoptimizeprocessesinsteadystate.
CC-DYNAMICS
ThemoduleknownasCCDYNAMICSmakesitpossibletodesignandrateexisting
processesusingadynamicsimulation.Thismoduleisfullyintegratedwith
CHEMCADtomakeswitchingbetweensteadystateanddynamicseasyand
intuitive.UsingCCDYNAMICS,youcaneasilysimulateeverythingfromsimple
vesselaccumulationtocomplexcontrolsystemsoncolumns.Thismodulealso
providestoolsforsimulationofcontinuousstirredtankreactors(CSTRs),including
complexreactionrateandpressurecalculation.
CC-BATCH
TheCCBATCHproductenablesyoutodesign,rate,oroptimizeabatchdistillation
column.CCBATCHincludesaschedulinginterfacetoallowanoperationstep
approachtosimulationofbatchcolumns.
CC-THERM
TheCCTHERMproductletsyoudesignasingleheatexchanger,orvetavendors
heatexchangerdesign.Itisalsoidealforcustomerswhowanttorateexisting
exchangersinnewservice,ortoperformcalculationsonhypotheticalsituations.CC
THERMcansimulateshellandtube,aircooled,plateandframe,anddoublepipe
exchangers.FullintegrationwithCHEMCADmakesitpossibletocalculateexit
conditionsfromexchangergeometryforhighfidelitysimulations.
CC-SAFETY NET
TheCCSAFETYNETproductprovidesthecapabilitytodesignorratepiping
networksandsafetyreliefdevicesandsystems,inbothsteadystateanddynamic
systems.ThesteadystatefeaturesofCCSAFETYNETareincludedwithCC
STEADYSTATE.Thisproductenablesuserstomakesimultaneousflowand
pressurebalancedsimulationseveninreverseflowsituationsforsingleor
multiphaseflow.
CC-FLASH
TheCCFLASHmoduleprovidesphysicalpropertyandphaseequilibriumdata,as
wellaspropertypredictionandregression.CCFLASHisasubsetofCCSTEADY
STATE,andismeantforcustomerswhodonotneedfullflowsheetsimulationtools.
CHEMCAD Features by Module
Sensitivity/optimization
Sizing (line/valve/orifice/vessel)
Run steady state
Run dynamics
Run recycles
Costing
Reconciliation
Sizing columns
Sizing heat exchangers
CC-FLASH
CC-SAFETY NET
CC-THERM
CC-DYNAMICS
VB/COM/OPC/Data Map
CC-BATCH
CC-STEADY STATE
Thefollowingmatrixliststhefeaturesassociatedwitheachcomponentofthe
CHEMCADsuite.Foramoredetailedexplanation,ortoinquireaboutaparticular
componentorfeature,pleasecontactChemstationsoryourCHEMCADdistributor
(seecompletecontactinformationatwww.chemstations.net/contact.htm).
Economics
Reports (incl. Excel)
DIERS
CO2 solid
Hydrates
Depress
TOC/COD
Pure regression
BIP regression
Electrolyte regression
Rate regression
Units calculator
Execute parser
Environmental report
Simple calculator
Spec sheet
UnitOps by Module
Batch column
Batch reactor
Calculator
Centrifuge
Component separator
Compressor
Control valve
Controller
Crusher/grinder
Crystallizer
Cyclone
Divider
Dynamic vessel
Electrostatic precipitator
Equilibrium reactor
Excel unit
Expander
Fired heater
Flash
Gibbs reactor
Heat exchanger
Hydrocyclone
Kinetic reactor
Liquid/liquid extractor
LLV flash*
LNGH exchanger
CC-FLASH
CC-SAFETY NET
CC-THERM
CC-BATCH
CC-DYNAMICS
Baghouse filter
CC-STEADY STATE
Theavailabilityofcertainunitoperations,orUnitOps,inCHEMCADsimulationsis
afunctionofwhichmodulesyouhavelicensed.Thefollowingmatrixlistsall
availableUnitOpsandtheCHEMCADmodulesassociatedwiththem.
9
9
9
CC-SAFETY NET
CC-FLASH
Mixer
Node
Phase generator*
PID controller
Pipe simulator
Pump
Ramp controller
Recorder*
Run subflowsheet META unit
SCDS distillation column
Screen
Sedimentator
Shortcut column
Solids dryer
Solids washer
Stoichiometric reactor
Stream reference
CC-THERM
CC-DYNAMICS
Loop
CC-BATCH
CC-STEADY STATE
Polymer reactor
Tank
Time delay
Time switch
Tower distillation column
Tower plus distillation column
User-added module
Vacuum filter
Valve
Venturi scrubber
Vessel*
9
9
* These UnitOps will be phased out eventually.
Chapter 2
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
NowthatyouhaveCHEMCADinhand,youprobablywanttogetstartedright
away.Letsgetdirectlytothepoint,withstepbystepinstructionsforinstallingand
licensingtheprogram.
Installing the Software

StartbyensuringthatyourPCmeetstheminimumsystemrequirements,aslisted
below.Itsalsoagoodideatofindoutbeforeyoubeginwhetheryourcopyof
CHEMCADwillrelyonanetworklicense;ifitwill,makesuretoaskyournetwork
administratorforallthe
informationthatyoullneed
CHEMCAD System Requirements
wheninstallationiscompleteand
Processor speed: 500 MHz or higher
itstimetosetuplicensing.
Operating system: Windows 2000, XP, or Vista
RAM: 256 MB
Video card: 128 MB or higher video memory
Display resolution: 1024 x 768 or higher
Hard disk space: 500 MB (750 MB during
installation)
Productivity software: Some features require
Microsoft Office
Onceyouveestablishedthat
yourcomputerisreadyfor
installation,insertthe
CHEMCAD6.0discintoan
availableCDmediadriveand
watchfortheCHEMCADsplash
screentoappear.
Note: IfyouinsertthediscandclosetheCDmediadrivedoor,butnothinghappens
withinoneminute,thenyoursystemisnotconfiguredtolaunchtheCDcontent
automatically.Tolaunchtheinstallationprogrammanually,gotoMyComputer,
doubleclicktheiconforyourcomputersCDmediadrive,andthendoubleclickthe
filecalledSetup.exe.
ClickInstallCHEMCADtolaunchtheInstallShieldWizard.InstallShield
inspectsyourcomputerforsoftwarecomponentsthatCHEMCADwillneed,and
promptsyoutoinstallanyneededcomponentswithascreensimilartoFigure201.
Figure 2-01: InstallShield Wizard screen listing software components to be installed
ClickInstalltocontinue.Followthepromptsonallotherscreensuntilyousee
theCHEMCADSuiteInstallShieldWizardscreen,showninFigure202.
Note:DependingonhowmanysoftwarecomponentsInstallShieldidentifies,there
maybequiteafewscreens,andtheprocedurecouldtakeseveralminutes.Once
thesecomponentsareinstalledonyourcomputer,however,youwillnotneedto
reinstallthemwithfutureCHEMCADupdates.
Figure 2-02: The CHEMCAD Suite InstallShield Wizard screen
ClickNexttobegintheinstallationprocess.TheLicenseAgreementscreen
appears,listingtheCHEMCADstandardlicense.Onceyouvereadandunderstood
thetermsofthelicense,youllneedtoclicktheIacceptthetermsofthelicense
agreementbuttonbeforeyoucanclickNextagaintoproceed.Notethatyouhavethe
optiontoprintacopyofthelicenseagreementfromthisscreen.
Figure 2-03: The Standard License screen
TheDestinationFolderscreenappearsnext,displayingthenameofthefolder
intowhichtheCHEMCADfileswillbeinstalledbydefault.Normally,this
destinationisC:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD,anditisrecommended
thatyouusethislocationunlessyouhaveaspecificneedtoinstalltheprogram
elsewhere.ClicktheChangebuttonifyouwanttochangethefiledestination,or
clickNexttoacceptthesuggesteddestinationandproceed.
TheSetupTypescreennowappears,offeringachoicebetweencompleteand
custominstallation.Eachtypeofinstallationisdescribedonthescreen.Eitheraccept
thedefaultsettingofCompleteorclickCustomtoselectspecificcomponentsto
install,thenclickNexttoproceed.
TheReadytoInstalltheProgramscreennowappears.Notethatonthisscreen,
andinfactonanyscreenintheinstallationprocess,youcanclickBacktoreturntoa
previousscreenandverifyorchangeyourinstallationsettings.Ifyouaresatisfied
withyoursettingsastheyare,clickNexttostarttheinstallation.
TheInstallingCHEMCADSuitescreenappears,showingtheprogressofyour
installationwithagreenstatusbar.
Figure 2-04: Status bar showing the progress of CHEMCAD installation
Wheninstallationiscomplete,youllseeonefinalscreen,whichstatesthatthe
InstallShieldWizardhascompletedinstallationoftheCHEMCADSuite.Click
FinishtoclosetheinstallationprogramandopenCHEMCAD6.
Licensing CHEMCAD
BeforeyoucanuseCHEMCAD,youllneedtosetupalicensingschemeofsome
type.Dependingonyourparticularlicensingagreement,youwilluseoneofseveral
typesoflicensestorunCHEMCAD.
Types of CHEMCAD Licenses

ThevarioustypesofCHEMCADlicensesaredesignedtofitdifferentusers
software,hardware,andnetworkingneeds.Mostlicensesrequiretheuseofa
hardwaredevice,commonlyknownasadongle,toruntheprogram.
ThedonglesimplyplugsintoeitheraUSBportoraparallelportonthe
computer,andmustbepluggedinanytimetheprogramruns.Ifyouworkona
networkwithotherCHEMCADusers,yourlicensemayrelyonadongleplugged
intoanetworkserverelsewhereinyourorganization,ratherthanoneplugged
directlyintoyourcomputer.
10
Youoryourorganizationwilluseoneoffourtypesofdongles:
SuperProsingleuserdongle(parallelorUSBconnection)
SuperProNetdongle(parallelorUSBconnection)
SentinelScribesingleuserdongle(parallelconnection)
NetSentinelnetworkdongle(parallelconnection)
Insomeinstances,softwarelicensingisaccomplishedwithouttheuseofa
hardwaredevice:
LicenseManagersoftware,whichrunsoveralocalorwideaccess
network
SystemAuthorization,amethodthatauthorizesasingleusermachinefor
alimitedtime(usedforsoftwareevaluation)
License Settings
TorunCHEMCADforthefirsttime,makesurethatyourdongle(ifapplicable)is
pluggedinproperly,andthenstarttheprogram.FromtheWindowsStartmenu,
selectAllPrograms>Chemstations>CHEMCAD.
Theprogramopens,displayingaCHEMCADsplashscreen.Afterafew
moments,thatscreenisreplacedbytheLicenseSettingsscreen.
Figure 2-05: The License Settings screen with default settings
Thecheckedboxesontheleftsideofthisscreenindicatethetypesoflicensing
hardwareandsoftwarethatCHEMCADwillsearchforwhenyouclickOK.Note
thatnetworklicensingmethodsarenotchecked;thissavestimeformanyusers,
becausesearchingforanetworkdonglecanbetimeconsuming.
11
Note:Ifyouareusingoneofthenetworklicensingmethods(NetSentinel,SuperPro
Net,orLicenseManager),youllneedtochecktheappropriateboxbeforeclicking
OK.Youcanalsoclicktheotherboxestocleartheircheckmarksandspeedup
CHEMCADssearchforyourlicense.
Ontherightsideofthescreen,theNetworkdeviceproductcheckoutarealets
networkuserschoosewhetherornottorequestlicensesforspecificCHEMCAD
modules.Foreachlistedproduct,youcanelecttosecurealicenseAlways,As
needed,orNever.
ThedefaultsettingforalloftheseslidercontrolsisAsneeded,whichsecuresa
licenseonlywhenyoubegintouseaspecificCHEMCADfeaturecontrolledbya
certainproduct.Thissettingisidealinmostsituations,asitleavesunneededlicenses
availableforotherusers.Tochangeanymodulescheckoutsetting,simplyclickto
theleftorrightofthecurrentsettingtomovetheslider.
Inmostcases,youwontneedtomakeanychangesontheLicenseSettings
screen,althoughyoumaywanttocleartheAlwaysshowthisscreenatstartupcheck
box,toavoidseeingthisscreeneachtimeyoustartCHEMCAD.
Note:Ifyouveturnedoffthischeckbox,youcanstillopentheLicenseSettings
dialogboxatanytime.EitherselectTools>Options>LicenseSettingsfromwithin
anopensimulation,orselectLicense>LicenseSettingswithnosimulationopen.
Whenyouvemadeanychangesneeded,clickOK.OnceCHEMCADhaslocated
yourvalidlicense,youllseetheLicensesinUsescreen,whichlistsalllicensed
productsalongwiththetypeoflicensedeviceorsoftwarevalidatingeachproduct.
ClickOKtoclosethisscreenandaccessthemainCHEMCADwindow.
Updating a License
CHEMCADdonglesrequirereprogrammingonaregularbasis,eitheronceayear
ormoreoftendependingonyourlicensingagreement.Thisisasecuritymeasureto
reducethelikelihoodthatyourdonglewillbestolenandmisused.
Thedonglethatyouuseisprogrammedtoworkonlythroughthelicensedtime
period,andwhenthattimehaselapsed,thedonglemustbeupdatedbeforeyoucan
continueusingCHEMCAD.
Updatingadongleisarelativelysimpleprocedure.Beforeyourlicense
expiration,youoryoursoftwareadministratorshouldreceiveanemailfrom
Chemstations,withwhatsknownasaconfigurationfileincludedasanattachment.
YoushouldsavethisfiletoyourWindowsdesktopassoonasyoureceiveit.
12
Note:Ifyouveupdatedthesamedongleinthepast,thenewconfigurationfile
shouldhavetheexactsamefilenameasthepreviousone.If,whilesavingthefileto
yourdesktop,youseeaWindowsmessageaboutanexistingfilewiththesame
name,youshouldoverwritetheoldfile(whichinanycasecannotbeusedagain),
replacingitwiththenewone.
Itsimportanttoensurethatyourconfigurationfilematchesyourdongle.The
configurationfileshouldbea.DNGfilewhosenameincludesafourorfivedigit
code;thiscodemustmatchthenumberstampedontoyourdongle.Ifthenumbers
dontmatch,contactyoursoftwareadministratororChemstationssupporttoresolve
theissue.
Theupdateemailalsospecifiesthedateonwhichyoullneedtoupdateyour
dongle.Beforethatdatearrives,followthisproceduretoperformtheupdate:
1. StarttheCHEMCADprogram;youshouldseetheLicenseSettingsdialog
boxappearautomatically.Ifnecessary,youcanopenthisdialogboxusing
eitherTools>Options>LicenseSettings(withasimulationopen)or
License>LicenseSettings(withnosimulationopen).
2. WithintheLicenseSettingsdialogbox,clickthetabwiththesamenameas
thetypeofhardwaredonglethatyouuse:SentinelScribe,NetSentinel,
SuperPro,orSuperProNet.
3. Onthetabyouveselected,findtheReprogrambuttonReprogram
SentinelSuperPro,forexample.Clickthisbuttontobeginthere
programmingprocedure.
Figure 2-06: Re-programming a SuperPro dongle from the License Settings dialog box
4. WhentheBrowseforFolderdialogboxappears,navigatetothelocation
whereyousavedthe.DNGconfigurationfile.Normally,thisistheWindows
desktop;ifyousavedyourconfigurationfilethere,clickDesktoptotell
CHEMCADwheretolookforthefile,thenclickOK.
13
Figure 2-07: Selecting the location where the configuration file resides
5. CHEMCADreprogramsthedongleandthendisplaysasuccesspopup
window.
Figure 2-08: Successful re-programming of a CHEMCAD dongle
6. ClickOKtoclosethepopupwindow.IftheLicensesinUsescreenappears,
clickOKtocloseit.
YoushouldnowbeabletoopenCHEMCADandproceednormally.
Getting Help with CHEMCAD

IfyoufindthatyouhavequestionsthatarenotaddressedinthisUserGuide,you
canturntoseveralresourcesforCHEMCADhelp.
Online Help
AtanytimewhilerunningCHEMCADinanactivewindow,youcanpressthe[F1]
keytobringuptheCHEMCADHelpscreenthatsmostappropriatetothetaskyou
arecurrentlyperformingorthedialogboxcurrentlydisplayed.
Insomesituations,pressing[F1]willbringupthemainCHEMCAD6Help
windowinsteadofaparticularhelpscreen.Fromthere,youcanclicktheContents,
Index,orSearchtabintheupperleftcorneroftheCHEMCAD6Helpwindow,and
usethesetoolstofindtheinformationyouneed.
YoucanalsogodirectlytothemainCHEMCAD6Helpwindowbyselecting
Help>HelpTopicsfromtheCHEMCADmainmenu.Regardlessofhowyouopen
CHEMCADHelp,italwaysopensinaseparatewindowthatdoesnotinterferewith
theoperationoftheCHEMCADprogram.
14
CHEMCAD Coach
TheCHEMCADCoachpaneisatoolthatyoucanopenwithinCHEMCADtoview
conciseinstructionsforcommonprocedures.Toseealistofavailabletopics,select
Help>CHEMCADCoach.ThenclickonanylinkintheCHEMCADCoachwindow
toviewtheinstructionsforaspecifictask.
Procedure Demos
Animateddemonstrationsofcommontasksareavailabletohelpyougetstarted
usingtheCHEMCADprogram.Topicscoveredincludethevariousstepsinvolvedin
creatingabasicsimulation;proceduresforsimulationsinvolvingbatchreactors,heat
exchangersizing,andpiping;controlvalveratingandsizing;creatinganExcelData
Map;andupdatingalicensingdongle.
ThedemofilesareinstalledalongwithCHEMCAD.Toaccessthesedemos,
selectStart>AllPrograms>Chemstations>Demos,andthenbrowsethelistof
availabletopics.ClickthebuttonforthedemoyoudliketoviewandthenclickPlay
torunthedemo.
The Chemstations Web Site

TofindthemostrecentupdatesoftheCHEMCADsoftware,manuals,andvarious
trainingtools,gotowww.chemstations.net.Thereyoullfindthefollowingitems
availablefordownload:
ThelatestreleaseofCHEMCAD
Alistofupdatesimplementedinthemostrecentrelease
ThelatestversionofCHEMCAD6.0Help
CHEMCAD6.0InteractiveDemos
ProgrammingguidesforinterfacingwithCHEMCAD
Contacting Chemstations Technical Support

Ifyouareunabletosolveaproblemorfindtheanswertoaquestionusingthis
manualortheothertoolslistedhere,youcancontactChemstationstechnical
supportstaffforassistance.
Ourtechnicalsupportengineers
areavailableviaemail,orbyphone
MondaythroughFriday,7:00AM
through6:00PMCentralStandard
Time.
Phone:
713.978.7700
Toll-free (U.S. and Canada): 800.243.6223

FAX:
E-mail:
713.978.7727
support@chemstations.com
OutsideoftheUnitedStates,pleaseseewww.chemstations.comforregional
contactinformation.
15
16
Chapter 3
The CHEMCAD Interface
WiththereleaseofVersion6.0,theCHEMCADinterfacehasundergonequitea
transformation.Forthisreason,evenlongtimeusersofCHEMCADwillbenefit
fromareviewoftheprogramsscreenlayoutandthelocationofimportantfeatures.
ThischaptertakesyouonatouroftheCHEMCADscreen,includingthemenus
andtoolbars,themainareasofthescreen,andtheflowsheetdrawingtools.Italso
showsyousomewaysthatyoucancustomizethescreenlayoutsothatitbestsuits
yourownwayofworking.
The CHEMCAD Window

WhenyoulaunchtheCHEMCADprogramforthefirsttime,youllseeascreenwith
alargewhiteareainthemiddleandvariouspanes,orspecializedareas,attheedges
ofthescreen.
Workspace
CHEMCAD
Explorer pane
Palette pane
Messages pane
17
TheCHEMCADInterface
The Workspace
Theareainthemiddleofthescreenisknownastheworkspace.Thisisthemainfocus
oftheCHEMCADwindow,theplacewhereyoullbuildandeditflowsheets,view
graphs,andrunandtweakprocesssimulations.
WhenyoufirstlaunchCHEMCAD,theworkspaceissolidwhite.Whenyoustart
tobuildaflowsheetoropenanexistingsimulation,theflowsheetdisplaysinthe
workspace.
Theworkspaceusestabstoenableyoutoswitchbetweenyouropensimulation
andanyopenExcelDataMapsand/ordataplots.Atthebottomoftheworkspace
area,youllseeoneormoretabswheneverasimulationisopen.Eachtabincludesa
buttonmarkedwithanX;tocloseanytab,firstclickthetabandthenclicktheX
button.
Figure 3-01: The bottom of the workspace area, showing several tabs and their
buttons
Notethatanytimeyouveclosedasimulationandhaventyetopenedanother
one,theworkspacedisplaysasablankgrayspace.
The CHEMCAD Explorer Pane

AlongtheleftedgeoftheCHEMCADwindow,youllseeanareawithatitlebarat
thetopthatreadsCHEMCADExplorer.AtthebottomoftheCHEMCADExplorer
panearethreetabscalledRecentFiles,Simulation,andVisualBasic.Toviewthe
contentsofatab,simplyclickitsname.
Figure 3-02: CHEMCAD Explorer tabs
TheCHEMCADExplorertabsarepresentedinwhatsknownasatreeformat,
withitemsorganizedintoamultilevelhierarchy.Thedefaultviewshowsonlytop
levelitems,butyoucanexpandeachitemtoviewsecondlevelitems,thirdlevel
items,andsoforth.
Attheleftofeachtoplevelitemisasmallboxwithaplussign.Toexpandan
item,clicktheplussign.Twothingshappensimultaneouslywhenyouclick:thetree
expandstoshowthatitemscontents,andtheplussignbecomesaminussign.You
canhide(orcollapse)thelowerlevelitemsagainbyclickingtheminussign,which
thenturnsbackintoaplussign.Figure303showsanexampleofaCHEMCAD
Exploreritemincollapsedandexpandedview.
18
TheCHEMCADInterface
Figure 3-03: Clicking the plus sign to expand an item (left); the resulting view (right)
ExpandingandcollapsingitemsintheCHEMCADExplorertabsisonewaythat
youcanmakethebestuseofyourscreenspacewhenworkinginCHEMCAD.
The Recent Files Tab

TheRecentFilestabisselectedbydefaultwhenyoufirstlaunchCHEMCAD.This
tablistsallofthesimulationfilesthatyouhaveopenedlately,startingwiththemost
recent.WhenyoufirstinstallCHEMCAD,thelistisempty,butwithevery
simulationthatyouopennewfilesorexistingonessuchasbuiltinexamplesthe
listwillgrow,providingconvenientaccesstofilesthatyouusefrequently.
ToopenasimulationfromtheRecentFileslist,simplydoubleclickonthefile
nameinthelist.
The Simulation Tab

TheSimulationtabdisplaysbydefaultanytimeasimulationisopen.Itprovidesa
seriesofshortcutstocommoncommandsandsettings,including:
Components:Includesoneclickaccesstocomponent,electrolyte,andsolids
selection,aswellasdistillationcurves
Thermodynamics:Providesquickaccesstothermodynamicsettingsand
transportproperties
Flowsheet:AllowsquickeditingofUnitOpandstreamdata
DataMaps:EnablesyoutocreateorsetexecutionrulesforaDataMap
withoutusingthemenu
19
TheCHEMCADInterface
Groups:ProvidesaneasywaytocategorizeUnitOps,streams,and
components
Layers:Allowsselectedpartsoftheflowsheettobedisplayedorhiddenfor
viewingandprinting
Templates:StoresandorganizesstreamandUnitOpspecificationsthatyou
cancloneforreuse
Expandanyoftheseitemstoseeandusespecificfeatures,whicharedescribedin
furtherdetailintheappropriatechaptersofthisuserguide.
The Visual Basic Tab

IfyouuseVisualBasictocustomizeCHEMCAD,thistabprovidesquickandeasy
accesstoyourVisualBasiccode.YoucanexpandtheReactions,Properties,or
UnitOpsitemtoviewavailablesubroutinesforthatcategory.Clickingthenameofa
subroutineopensaVisualBasiceditorinaseparatewindow.
The Palette Pane

AlongtherightsideoftheCHEMCADwindowisapanetitledPalette,whichisa
repositoryforthevariousunitoperationiconsandothertoolsneededtodraw
flowsheets.
Selecting a Palette
TheseUnitOpiconsandtoolsaregroupedintopalettesaccordingtofunctionor
equipmenttype.ThedefaultpaletteiscalledAllUnitOps,anditincludesevery
availableUnitOpiconanddrawingtool.Toselectadifferentpalette,simplyclickits
titlebar.Theselectedpaletteexpandsinplace,asshowninFigure304.
Figure 3-04: The expanded Piping and Flow palette
20
TheCHEMCADInterface
Customizing Palettes
AtthetopofthePalettepaneisafieldcalledSearchforUnitOp(s).Typeasearch
termhereandthenclickGo!tolocatealloftheUnitOpiconsassociatedwiththat
term.TheresultsfromthesearchappearinanewpaletteatthebottomofthePalette
pane.Figure305showsthesearchresultsforthewordvessel.
Figure 3-05: Search results showing all vessel UnitOps
PerformingaUnitOpsearchcreateswhatisknownasauseraddedpalette.This
typeofpaletteisdesignatedwithaspecialiconattheleftendofthepaletteheading.
Thepalettecontainingyoursearchresultsremainsavailableuntilyouclose
CHEMCAD.Youcanmakeyouruseraddedpaletteavailablepermanentlybyright
clickingthenewpalettestitlebarandselectingSave.
Figure 3-06: Saving search results for future use
21
TheCHEMCADInterface
Youcandothefollowingwithuseraddedpalettes:
Renameanyuseraddedpalettebyrightclickingitstitlebarandselecting
Rename.Intheresultingdialogbox,typethenameyouwantandthenclick
OK.
Deleteauseraddedpaletteatanytimebyrightclickingandselecting
Remove.
AddindividualUnitOpsortoolstoanexistinguseraddedpalette.Simply
rightclicktheiconfortheitemyouwanttoadd,selectInsertintoPalette,
andthenclickthenameoftheuseraddedpalette.
Removeanitemfromauseraddedpalettebyrightclickingtheiconand
selectingRemovefromPalette.
Createauseraddedpalettewithoutasearch.Rightclickthefirsticonthat
youdliketoincludeonanewpaletteandselectInsertintoPalette>New
Palette.TypeanameintheresultingdialogboxandclickOK.Thenaddas
manyothericonsasyoudlikeusingthemethoddescribedjustabove.
Youcannotchangethenameoriconselectionforabuiltinpalette,asyoucan
withauseraddedpalette.Youcan,however,makeacopyofabuiltinpalette,
renamethecopy,andthenaddanddeleteiconsuntilthepalettehasjustwhatyou
want.
Tocopyanypalette(whetherbuiltinoruseradded),simplyrightclickthe
paletteheadingandselectSaveCopyAs.Typeanameforthenewpaletteandclick
OK.
The Messages Pane

TheMessagespaneislocatedatthebottomedgeoftheCHEMCADworkspace.At
thebottomofthispanearethreetabs:ErrorsandWarnings,RunTrace,andNotes.
The Errors and Warnings Tab

Thistabdisplaysarunninglistoferrorandwarningmessagesthathavebeen
generatedwhilethecurrentsimulationfilehasbeenopen.Theoldestmessages
displayatthetopofthelist.Whentherearetoomanycumulativemessagesto
displayinthepane,themostrecentmessagesdisplayandtheoldermessagesscroll
offthetopedgeofthepane.Ifneeded,youcanusetheverticalscrollbarontheright
sideofthepanetoscrollupandreviewearliermessages.
The Run Trace Tab

ThistabdisplaysdiagnosticmessagesfromeachUnitOpeachtimeasimulationis
run.Thisinformationishelpfulintroubleshootingasimulationthatisnotworking
properly.
ThetextontheRunTracetabisnotsavedwiththesimulation,butrefresheswith
eachrunandclearswhenyouclosethesimulation.
22
TheCHEMCADInterface
The Notes Tab

Thistabprovidesahandyplacetostoreadditionalinformation,intextform,about
thesimulation.Youcanuseittolistanydetailsaboutthesimulation,suchasits
originandanyassumptionsthatarebeingmade.
Anynotesthatyouaddorchangearesavedaspartofthesimulation.Todelete
textfromanote,simplyclickanddragtoselectthetextandthenpress[DELETE]on
yourkeyboard.
The Main Menu

ThemainCHEMCADmenuislocatedjustunderthetitlebaratthetopofthe
programwindow.SomeitemsonthemainmenuarecommontonearlyallWindows
programsnamelyFile,Edit,Format,andHelpwhileothermenuitemssuchas
ThermophysicalandSizingaremorespecifictochemicalprocesssimulation.
Touseamenucommand,clicktherelevantmainmenuitemandthenclickthe
commandinthedropdownlistthatappears.
Toexecutemenucommandswithoutusingthemouse,youcanholddownthe
[ALT]keyonyourkeyboardasyoupresstheletterkeythatcorrespondstothe
underlinedletterinthedesiredmenuitem,forexample[ALTF]fortheFilemenu.
Youcanthenusetheupanddownarrowkeystoselectanitemonthemenuand
press[ENTER]toexecutetheselectedcommand.
The Toolbar
TheCHEMCADtoolbarprovidesbuttonsthatarecommontomostWindows
applications,suchasNew,Open,Save,andPrint,alongwithbuttonsthatare
specifictochemicalprocesssimulation.
Todiscovertheuseofaparticularbutton,simplypointyourmousecursoratthe
buttonandwatchforthetooltiptoappear,asshowninFigure307.
Figure 3-07: Viewing a buttons tooltip
Toolbarbuttonsprovidequick,oneclickaccesstofrequentlyusedcommands
thatarealsoavailableviatheCHEMCADmenus.
Customizing the CHEMCAD Screen

WhenyoufirstinstallCHEMCAD,thescreenislaidoutwiththeCHEMCAD
Explorerpaneontheleft,thePalettepaneontheright,andtheMessagespanebelow
theworkspace.
23
TheCHEMCADInterface
Ifhavingalloftheseitemsvisibleleavesyoulessworkspacethanyouwould
prefer,orifthelocationofoneormorepanesislessthanoptimalforthewaythat
youwork,youcanhideormovepanestocustomizeyourCHEMCADscreen.
Viewing and Hiding Screen Elements

YoucanvieworhideanyoftheCHEMCADscreenspanes,aswellasgroupsof
toolbarbuttons,tomakeoptimaluseofyourscreenspace.
Totoggleapaneonoroff,selecttheViewmenuandthenchooseCHEMCAD
Explorer,Palette,orMessages.Itemswithacheckmarkarecurrentlydisplayed,
whileitemswithnocheckmarkarecurrentlyhidden.Youcanalsochoosetoviewor
hidethestatusbaratthebottomoftheCHEMCADwindow.
Toselectivelyvieworhidegroupsoftoolbarbuttons,selectView>Toolbars.In
theToolbarsdialogbox,eachgroupofbuttonsislistedunderadescriptivename;
initially,allofthesegroupshavecheckmarks,indicatingthattheyarecurrently
displayed.Tohideanygroupofbuttons,clicktoremovethecheckmarkandthen
clickClosetoreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Resizing and Moving Items

Nowthatyouhavedeterminedwhichpanesandtoolbarbuttongroupstodisplay,
youcanfurthercustomizeyourCHEMCADwindowtodetermineexactlywhere
eachoftheseitemswillappear.
Resizing a Pane
Thesimplestwaytoaltertheappearanceofapaneistoresizeit.Youcanmakethe
CHEMCADExplorerandPalettepaneswiderornarrower,ormaketheMessages
paneshorterortaller,bymovingtheinsideedge,orwall,ofthepanetowardor
awayfromtheedgeofthemainwindow.
Toresizeapane,startbypositioningyourmousecursorattheinsidewallofthe
panethatis,therightedgeoftheCHEMCADExplorerpane,theleftedgeofthe
Palettepane,orthetopedgeoftheMessagespane.Whenthecursorisinthecorrect
positionforresizing,thenormalpointerwillbereplacedwithatwoheadedarrow
asshowninFigure308.
Figure 3-08: The two-headed arrow cursor used for resizing panes
24
TheCHEMCADInterface
Whenyouseethetwoheadedarrow,clickanddraginthedirectionyouwantto
movethepanewall.Athickgraylineshowsapreviewofthenewpanesize;when
youreleasethemousebutton,theresizedpaneappears.
Moving a Pane
Inadditiontoresizing,youcanalsomoveanyofthepanesintheCHEMCAD
window,eithertoadifferentedgeofthescreenortothemiddleofthescreen.You
canalsomovegroupsofbuttonsfromtheirdefaultpositionsonthetoolbar.
Initially,allofthepanesandbuttongroupsaredocked,meaningthattheyare
snappedintoanedgeofthescreenorthetoolbararea.Whenyouundockanitem,
youcanputitinthelocationofyourchoosing,awayfromthescreenedge.
Toundockapane,clickanddragthepanestitlebar,thatis,thebluebaratthe
topofthepanethatshowsthepanename.Toundockabuttongroup,youllneedto
clickanddragtherowoffourdotsrunningalongtheleftedgeoftheleftmostbutton
inthegroup.
Note:InthecaseoftheMessagespane,thetitlebarrunsalongtheleftedgeofthe
pane,andthenameisnotvisiblewhenthepaneisdocked.
Ifyoudragthepaneorbuttongroupintotheworkspacearea,youllseeagray
boxrepresentingthepositiontheitemwilloccupywhenyoureleasethemouse
button.Ifyoudontlikethenewposition,youcanclicktheitemstitlebaranddrag
itelsewhere,includingitsoriginalposition.
Youcanalsodockapanetoadifferentedgeofthescreen,ormovebutton
groupsaroundwithinthetoolbararea,insteadofundockingtheseitems.
Pinning and Unpinning Panes

Inadditiontomovingandresizingthevariouspanes,theresanotherwaythatyou
cancustomizeyourCHEMCADscreen:pinningandunpinningtheCHEMCAD
ExplorerandPalettepanes.
Thesetwopanescantakeupafairamountofhorizontalscreenspace,and
makingthemverynarrowisntanidealwaytowork.Pinningandunpinning
provideawaytoviewfullwidthCHEMCADExplorerandPalettepaneswhenyou
needthesetools,whilealsofreeingupspacewhenyouarentusingthem.
Whenevereitherofthesepanesisdockedatanedgeofthescreen,itisinoneof
twostates:
Pinned,meaningthatthepaneisalwaysvisible
Unpinned,meaningthatthepaneismostlyhiddenfromview,andappearsonly
ondemand
Bydefault,allCHEMCADpanesareinitiallypinnedinplace.Youcanchooseto
unpinapaneifyouprefertohavesomeextraspaceonthescreen.Tounpinapane,
25
TheCHEMCADInterface
findthetinypushpiniconinthepanestitlebar,nexttotheXiconthatenablesyou
toclosethepane.Ifthepaneisstationary,youllseethatthepinisuprightwithits
pointdown.
Figure 3-09: The icon indicating a pinned, or stationary, pane
Ifyouclickthepinicon,thepanesuddenlydisappearsfromviewbutitisnt
gone.Instead,asmallgraytabbearingthenameofthepaletteappearsattheedgeof
thescreenwherethepaneisdocked.Toseethepanereappear,youonlyhavetoroll
yourmouseoverthattab.Whenthepaneappears,youllnoticethatthepushpin
iconisnowpointedtotheside.UsethetoolsontheCHEMCADExplorerorPalette
normally;then,whenyounolongerneedthepane,justmovethemousepointer
elsewhere.Thepanewillautomaticallyhideitselfuntilthenexttimeyourollthe
mouseoverthetab.
Figure 3-10: An unpinned pane in use; note the sideways pin icon
Torepinanunpinnedpane,pointtothetabtomakethepaneappearandthen
clickthepinicon.Thepinturnssothatitisonceagainupright,andthepaneisonce
againapermanentfixtureontheCHEMCADscreen.
Other Useful Interface Hints

ThefollowingarehelpfulitemsthatcanhelptomakeyourCHEMCADexperience
easierandmoreefficient.
Undo and Redo

AswithmostWindowsbasedprograms,CHEMCADallowsyoutobackoutof
actionsyouhavejusttakenwhileworkingwithafile.YoucanusetheUndo
commandtonegatethelastchangeyoumade;simplyselectEdit>Undo,orusethe
keycombination[CTRLZ].
YoucanusetheUndocommandtoretractuptothelast99actionsthatyou
performedsincethelasttimeyouopenedthecurrentsimulationfile.
Visible Grid
Youcanturnonaworkspacegridtouseasaguidewhilecreatingyourflowsheet.
SelectView>GridVisibletotogglethisfeatureonoroff.
26
TheCHEMCADInterface
OthergridoptionsincludeView>SnaptoGrid,whichhelpswithalignmentof
objectsontheflowsheet,andView>ChangeGridSize,whichenablesyouto
customizethehorizontalandverticalspacingofgridlines.
Adjusting Your View of the Workspace

TheView>ZoomOptionsmenuoffersawholeseriesofoptionsformovingand
resizingyourviewoftheCHEMCADworkspace.
SelectIntoviewtheworkspacefromcloserin,orOuttoviewfromfartheraway.
SelecteitherInataPointorOutataPoint,andthenclickapointonthe
workspace,tozoominoroutwiththatpointasafocus.
SelectZoomRectangle,andthenclickanddragontheworkspace,todesignatea
specificareathatyouwanttoview.
SelectZoomPercentagetochooseaspecificdisplaysizefortheworkspace.
SelectZoomtoFittoviewatthelargestsizethatstillpermitsalloftheexisting
flowsheetelementstoremaininthevisibleworkspace.
Ifyourcomputermouseisequippedwithascrollwheelbetweentheleftand
rightmousebuttons,youcanzoominandoutontheCHEMCADworkspacewitha
touchofyourfinger.Tozoomin,rollthewheelupthatis,pushyourfingertip
away,towardthetopedgeofthemouse.Tozoomout,rollthewheeldowntoward
thebottomofyourmouse,pullingyourfingertiptowardyourpalm.
Note:Whenyouzoominandoutusingthescrollwheel,thefocalpointforthezoom
isthelocationofthemousepointer.
The CHEMCAD Coach Pane

TheCHEMCADCoachpaneisnotdisplayedbydefault,butyoucanaccessitatany
timebyselectingHelp>CHEMCADCoach.ThepurposeofCHEMCADCoachisto
provideconciseinstructionsforcommonprocedures.Ifyouvelearnedhowto
performacommonprocedureinCHEMCADbuthaveforgottentheexactmenu
commandtouse,CHEMCADCoachcanhelpjogyourmemoryandputyouonthe
righttrack.
YoucandragtheCHEMCADCoachwindowtoanylocationonthescreen,
simplybyclickinganddraggingthetitlebaratthetopofthewindow.
IfyouhavefinishedusingtheCHEMCADCoachtoolandwanttocloseit,just
clicktheClosebutton(theredX)intheupperrightcorneroftheCHEMCADCoach
window.NotethatifthemainCHEMCADwindowwasmaximizedbeforeyou
openedtheCHEMCADCoachtool,youmayneedtomaximizetheCHEMCAD
windowagaintorestoreittofullscreensize.
27
TheCHEMCADInterface
28
Chapter 4
Working with Simulation Files
AlloftheworkthatyoudowithCHEMCADisstoredinsimulationfiles.Withthe
adventofCHEMCAD6,eachdiscretesimulationispackagedintoasinglefilethatis
portableandeasytohandle.AllthedetailsofthesimulationfromUnitOp
specificationstostreamcompositiontothermodynamicsareincludedinthisfile.
ThischapterdescribesthevariouswaysthatyoucanaccessandmanageCHEMCAD
simulationfiles.
About CHEMCAD Simulation Files

SimulationscreatedinCHEMCAD6usethefileextension.CC6,whichdistinguishes
themfromotherfilesonyourcomputer,includingsimulationfilescreatedusing
earlierversionsofCHEMCAD.
Oneofthemostnotabledifferencesbetween.CC6filesandpredecessorssuchas
.CCXfilesistheirportability.A.CC6simulationfileisaseasytoworkwith,
transport,andshareasanMSWorddocumentoranExcelspreadsheet.Whereas
CHEMCADsimulationsoncerequiredextrastepsbeforetheycouldbeemailedor
moved,simulationscreatedwithCHEMCAD6canbehandledasstandalonefiles.
29
WorkingwithSimulationFiles
Figure 4-01: Stand-alone CHEMCAD 6 files in the My Simulations directory
User Components in CHEMCAD

AnotherdeparturefrompreviousversionsofCHEMCADisthatsimulations
arenowselfcontainedwithrespecttothedataneededtorunthem.Allcustom
componentsthatyoucreatearestoredinadatabasesothatyoucanusethemin
manydifferentsimulations.Usercomponentsarealsostoredwithinthesimulations
thatusethem,soyounolongerhavetoworryaboutlosingusercomponentswhen
movingasimulationfromplacetoplace.
Eachtimeyouopenasimulation,CHEMCADcomparesanyusercomponentsin
thesimulationwiththecopiesofthosesamecomponentsinthedatabase.Ifthetwo
copiesdonotmatch,youwillbeofferedachoice:youcankeepusingthelocalcopy
storedinthesimulation,orusetheupdatedcopyfromthedatabase.
YourcopyofCHEMCADcannowhavemultipleuserdatabases,andevenshare
themonnetworkswithotherusers.Tolearnmoreaboutusercomponentsandbest
practicesformanagingandsecuringusercomponentdatabases,seeChapter10,
CustomizingCHEMCAD.
Example Files
EspeciallyifyourenewtoCHEMCAD,itsagoodideatoopenandpractice
workingwithsomeexamplefilesbeforecreatingyourownsimulations.Forthis
purpose,wevecreatednumerousexamplesofsimulationsfortypicalchemical
processes.Youcanopen,view,andeditanyexamplefile,andevensaveacopyin
anotherlocationtojumpstartasimulationofyourown.
TheCHEMCADexamplefilesareautomaticallycopiedtoyourcomputerwitha
completeCHEMCADinstallation.Theexamplesareorganizedbyprocesstypeand
locatedinthe\MyDocuments\MySimulations\Examplesdirectory.
30
Opening an Existing Simulation

SelectFile>OpentobringuptheOpendialogbox.Navigatetothefolderwherethe
simulationislocated,selecttheappropriate.CC6file,andclickOpen.
IfyouuseCHEMCADonanetworkandsharefileswithotherusers,itspossible
thatyoucouldtrytoopenasimulationthatisalreadyopenforeditingbyanother
user.Ifyoushouldattempttoopenasimulationthatisunavailableforediting,a
messageboxwillappear.Youcanchoosetosavethesimulationwithanewname
and/orlocation,openareadonlycopyofthesimulation,orcanceltheopen
operation.
Figure 4-02: Notification that a simulation is already in use
Ifyoushouldhavetroublelocatingaparticularsimulation,youcansearchyour
harddriveornetworkforallfileswitha.CC6fileextension.
Creating a New Simulation

WhenyoufirstopenCHEMCAD,youllseeablanksimulationwindowand
[Untitled]inthetitlebar.
Youcanbeginbuildingyoursimulationrightaway,butitsrecommendedthat
yousaveandnamethesimulationbeforeyouproceedveryfar.Thelongeryouwait
tosavethesimulation,themoreyourisklosingyourworkifanunforeseen
computerornetworkproblemshouldoccur.
Ifyoualreadyhaveasimulationfileopenandwanttostartanewsimulation,
firstsaveyourworkifapplicable.ThenselectFile>NeworclicktheNewtoolbar
button,toclosethecurrentfileandbringupanewblanksimulationscreen.Note
thatifyouhaveunsavedchangesinyourexistingfile,CHEMCADwillaskyouto
saveordiscardyourchangesbeforeopeningthenewsimulation.
31
Saving a Simulation
Tosaveallchangesinasimulationthatyouhavealreadynamed,selectFile>Save
orclicktheSavebuttononthetoolbar.
Note:Insomecases,suchasthebuiltinCHEMCADexamplefiles,existingfilesmay
besetasreadonlytopreventaccidentaloverwriting.Youcansaveacopyofaread
onlyfileusingadifferentfilenameand/orfilelocation.
Tosaveanewsimulationthatyouhaventyetnamed,selectFile>SaveAs.The
SaveAsdialogboxappears,withCHEMCAD6(*.cc6)asthedefaultfiletype.Leave
thefiletypeasitis,givethefileauniquename,andifnecessarynavigatetoanew
filelocation.ClickSavetoclosethedialogboxandreturntothesavedsimulation.
Figure 4-03: Giving a new simulation a unique name
Note:UnlikepreviousversionsofCHEMCAD,thechangesyoumaketoasimulation
arenotsaveduntilyouusetheSaveorSaveAscommand.Thisoffersyougreater
flexibilityinchoosingwhichchangestosaveordiscard.
Savingandstoringallofyoursimulationsinthesamedirectoryhelpsprevent
thelosttimeandfrustrationthatcanresultwhenfilesarescatteredindifferent
locations.ItisrecommendedthatyoustoreyoursimulationsintheMySimulations
folder,whichiscreatedautomaticallywithintheMyDocumentsfolderat
installation.
Saving Different Cases for the Same Simulation

Incertainsituations,youmayneedtocreateagroupofsimulationsthatarenearly
identicaltooneanother;previousversionsofCHEMCADreferredtosuchgroupsof
similarsimulationsascases.InCHEMCAD6,eachsimulationisafreestandingfile,
butyoucanstilleasilyclonesimulationsandmakeminorchangesforcomparison
cases.
32
Todothis,simplycreateasimulation,saveit,andthenselectFile>SaveAsto
renamethenextcase.Maketheneededchangesforthatcase,saveit,andcontinuein
thatveintocreateasmanyclonesofyouroriginalsimulationasneeded,with
whateverdifferencesyourequire.
E-mailing a Simulation
WithCHEMCAD6,emailingasimulationisasimplematterofaddingafile
attachment.Justopenyourpreferredemailprogram,createanewmessage,choose
yourrecipientsandaddyourtext,thenusetheprogramscommandforattachinga
file.Navigatetothefolderwherethesimulationislocated,selecttheappropriate
.CC6file,andaddthefileasanattachment.
Figure 4-04: Adding a .CC6 file as an attachment in MS Outlook
Beforeyouemailasimulation,youshouldensurethatyouhavesavedany
recentchanges.Also,itsagoodideatocheckthesizeofthefilebeforeaddingthe
attachment,assimulationfilescaninsomecasesbequitelarge.
Working with CHEMCAD Files from Previous Versions

YoucanuseCHEMCAD6toopensimulationsthatwereoriginallycreatedwith
CHEMCAD5.Whenyoudothis,CHEMCADcreatesacopyoftheoriginal
simulation,andmakesthatcopycompatiblewithallCHEMCAD6functionality.The
flowsheetandsimulationdatainthecopyarenotalteredinanyway,andthe
originalfileisleftintact.
33
TobringanexistingsimulationuptodatewithCHEMCAD6,selectFile>Open,
selectthesimulation,andclickOpen.Amessagewillappear,notifyingyouthatthe
simulationwillbecopied.
Figure 4-05: Converting a CHEMCAD 5 file to the .CC6 format
ClickSavetobringuptheSaveAsdialogbox,whereyoucaneitherkeepor
changethefilesnameandselectalocationfortheCHEMCAD6copy.ClickSaveto
createandopenthenewfile.
34
Chapter 5
Building and Using a Basic Simulation
AlthoughthetypesofsimulationsyoucancreateusingCHEMCADaremanyand
varied,thebasicprocedureforcreatingasimulationcanbebrokendownintothe
followingcommonsteps:
1. Startanewsimulation.
2. Selectengineeringunitsforthesimulation.
3. Createaflowsheetwiththeappropriatestreamsandunitoperations.
4. Selectchemicalcomponentsfortheprocess.
5. SelectKvalueandenthalpyoptionsfortheprocess.
6. Definethefeedstreamsusedintheprocess.
7. Enterspecificationsfortheunitoperations.
8. Runthesimulation.
9. Reviewtheresultsofthesimulation.
Starting a New Simulation

LaunchCHEMCADandthenselectFile>SaveAs.IntheSaveAsdialogbox,
specifyanameandlocationforthesimulationfile.
WhenyoufirstinstallCHEMCAD,thedefaultlocationforsavingnew
simulationsisafoldercalledMySimulations,locatedwithinyourcomputersMy
Documentsfolder.Youcansaveyournewsimulationtothatfolder,ortoany
accessibledirectoryonyourcomputerornetwork.AsyoullnoticeintheSaveAs
dialogbox,thefileextensionforCHEMCADsimulationfilesis.CC6.
35
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Selecting Engineering Units

Tospecifyengineeringunitsforthissimulation,selectFormat>EngineeringUnits.
ThisbringsuptheEngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,whereyoucanselectthe
unitstobeusedforeverythingfromtimeandtemperaturetosurfacetension.The
majorityoftheoptionsinthisdialogboxarelocatedontheUnitsselectiontab,but
youcanclickasecondtabcalledOptionsandreferencesformoreoptions.
ThebuttonsalongthebottomoftheUnitsselectiontabenableyoutosetallof
theunitstoEnglish,alternativeSI,SI,ormetric.Ifyourdesiredunitsdonotfitneatly
intooneofthesecategories,youcanchoosetheclosestoneandthenmanuallyselect
differentunitsforanyitemsyoulike.
Ifyoudofindyourselfcustomizingyourlistofunits,youcansaveyour
selectionsasaset,orprofile,thatyoucanquicklyduplicateforfuturesimulations.To
dothis,firstsetalloftheunitsthewayyouwantthem,thentypeanameforthis
profileandclicktheSaveProfilebutton.
YoumaynotnoticeanythinghappeningwhenyouclickSaveProfile,butyou
canverifythatyournewprofilehasbeensavedbyclickingtheLoadProfilebutton.
Thisisthebuttonthatyouwilluseforfuturesimulations,toapplyyourcustom
unitsprofilewithasingleclick.YoushouldseeaSelectItemscreenthatshowsthe
nameyougavetheprofile.IfyouclicktheprofilenameandthenclickOK,youll
loadyourcustomunitsprofile.
BackontheEngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,clickOKtoapplyyour
engineeringunitselectionsandcontinuecreatingyoursimulation.
Drawing the Flowsheet

Tocreatetheflowsheetforyoursimulation,youllneedtoaddtheappropriateunit
operationiconstoyourworkspaceandconnectthoseUnitOpstooneanotherwith
streams.ThisconnectedgroupofstreamsandUnitOpsformsthebasisforthe
simulation.
ThetoolsfordrawingaflowsheetarelocatedinthePalettepane,whichby
defaultdisplaysontherightmarginoftheCHEMCADwindow.ThePalettepaneis
dividedintoUnitOpcategories,oryoucanviewalloftheavailableUnitOpiconsat
onceusingtheAllUnitOpsview.
Adding UnitOps
ToplaceaUnitOpicononyourflowsheet,followthesesteps:
1. OntheAllUnitOpspalette,findtheappropriateUnitOpiconforthe
equipmentyouwanttorepresent.Whenyoupointtotheiconwiththe
mouse,theboxaroundtheiconlightsup.ClicktheicontoselecttheUnitOp.
2. Moveyourmousecursortotheworkspacearea,notingthatthepointer
displaysanoutlineoftheUnitOpiconyouveselected.Pointtothelocation
36
ontheworkspacewhereyouwanttoplacetheselectedUnitOp,andthen
clickandreleasetheleftmousebutton.TheiconfortheselectedUnitOp
appearswhereyouclicked.
3. RightclicktodeselecttheUnitOpdrawingtoolandreturntoanormal
pointer.Youcannowclickintheworkspaceareawithoutdrawingduplicate
UnitOps.
Selecting a Default Icon for a UnitOp

ForcertainUnitOps,youcanselectadefaulticontocustomizethewaythattypeof
equipmentlooksonyourflowsheet.
Note:Iconsthatarealreadyinplaceontheflowsheetwillnotbeaffectedwhenyou
selectanewdefaulticon.
YoucanseewhichiconsofferthisfeaturebymovingyourcursorovertheAll
UnitOpspalette,notingtheboxesthatlightuparoundtheicons.AUnitOpthat
offersachoiceofdefaulticonswillhaveablacktriangleinthelowerrightcorner
whenyoupointtoitsbox.
Figure 5-01: Black triangle showing that the Divider UnitOp offers a choice of icons
ToselectanewdefaulticonforaUnitOp,clicktheblacktriangletoseeapopup
selectionboxwithallavailableicons.Clicktheiconyouwanttouse;thaticon
replacesthepreviouslydisplayedicononthepalette.Youcanchangethedefault
iconforaUnitOpasoftenasyoulike.
Figure 5-02: Selecting a new default Divider UnitOp icon
37
Manipulating UnitOp Icons

AfterdrawingaUnitOpicononaflowsheet,youcanmove,resize,ordeletetheicon
asneeded.
1. Verifythatthemousepointercurrentlydisplayedisanormalarrow.Ifthe
pointerdisplaysasaUnitOpiconoutline,rightclicktoturnoffUnitOp
drawing.
2. ClicktheUnitOpiconsothatitsfoursizinghandles(blackboxesateach
corner)appear.
3. ManipulatetheUnitOpiconasneeded:
TomovetheUnitOp,clicktheiconanddragtoitsnewlocation.
ToresizetheUnitOp,clickanysizinghandleanddraginwardor
outwardtoachievethedesiredsize.
TodeletetheUnitOp,rightclickandselectDelete,orsimplypressthe
[DELETE]keyonyourkeyboard.
Drawing and Connecting a Stream

Beforeyoucanaddastreamtoaflowsheet,youmustalreadyhavedrawnthe
UnitOpsthatthestreamwillconnect.Followthesestepstoaddastream:
1. ClicktheStreamtoolintheupperrightcorneroftheAllUnitOpspalette.
2. Movethecursorontotheworkspace,notingthatthepointernowappearsas
asmallplussign.FindtheiconfortheUnitOpwherethestreamwillstart,
andpointattheiconsothattheblueinletdotsandredoutletdotsarevisible.
IfthisUnitOpoffersmorethanoneoutletlocation,decidewhichoneyouwill
use.
3. Pointattheredoutletdotsothatthepointerturnsintoasmallblackarrow.
Clickandreleasetheleftmousebuttontostartdrawingthestream.
4. MovethecursortowardtheUnitOpwherethestreamwillend.Asyou
approachtheUnitOpicon,theinletandoutletdotsonthaticonwillbecome
visible.Ifmorethanoneinletlocationisavailable,decidewhichoneyouwill
use.
5. Whenyoureachtheblueinletdot,clickthemouseagaintocompletethe
stream.
Afteryoudrawastream,theStreamtoolremainsactivesothatyoucandraw
anotherstreamrightawayifdesired.Toturnoffstreamdrawing,simplyclickon
anyblankareaoftheworkspace;thisreturnsyourpointertothenormalwhite
arrow,whichyoucanusetoselectandmanipulateitemsontheflowsheet.
38
Choosing a Stream Route

IfyoudrawastreambyclickingonlyattheUnitOpoutletandinlet,CHEMCAD
choosestheshortestandmostdirectpathforthestream.Insomesituationswhena
UnitOpisinthedirectpathofthestream,forexampleyouwillneedtochoosea
deliberaterouteforyourstream.
Todothis,clickthemouseasyoumovefromoutlettoinlet,whereveryouwant
thestreamtomakeaturn.Eachtimeyouclick,thestreamfreezesinplace,andfrom
thereyoucanmakea90turntoeithertheleftortheright.Youcanaddasmany
detoursasyouliketoastreambeforebringingitintoaUnitOpinlet.
Figure 5-03: Stream 2 with automatic routing (above) and deliberate routing (below)
Rerouting a Stream
Evenafteryouvecompletedyourflowsheetandaddeddetailedinformationabout
yourstreams,youcanstillrerouteastreamifneeded.Todothis,clickthestreamto
selectit,thenrightclickandselectReroutestream.Theoldstreamdisappears,
replacedbythebeginningofanewstreamoriginatingatthesameoutlet.
Youcannowclicktocreate90turns,thesamewayyouwouldwithanew
stream,toroutethestreamexactlywhereyouwantit.Yourlastclickmustcomplete
thestreamatthesameinletyouusedbefore.Afterastreamisrerouted,itretainsall
ofthestreamdetailthatyouhadpreviouslyentered.
39
Other Drawing Tools

InadditiontotheStreamtoolandthevariousUnitOpicons,thePalettepaneoffersa
texttool,aswellastoolsfordrawingrectangles,ellipses,lines,multipartlines,and
polygons.
The Text Tool

Toplacetextonaflowsheet,selecttheTexttool(whichdisplaysalargeletterT)on
theAllUnitOpspalette.Whenyoumoveyourcursorovertheworkspace,youll
nowseethatyourpointerhasbecomeaverticalline.Clickthemousetoplacea
blinkingcursorontheflowsheet.
Starttypingthetextthatyouwanttoadd.Youwillseethetextappearwherever
youclickedthemouse.Whenyoufinish,clickanywhereintheworkspacetoturnoff
theTexttool.
Youcannowclickanddragyournewblockoftextaroundtheworkspace.You
canalsoselectFormat>ColororFormat>Fonttoaccessvariousstandardtextand
objectformattingtools.
Simple Drawing Tools: Rectangle, Ellipse, and Line

Youcandrawvariousshapesasneededonaflowsheet.Thesimplestoftheseshapes
todrawarerectangles,ellipses,andlines.
Toaddanyoftheseshapestoaflowsheet,simplyclickthecorrespondingtoolin
theAllUnitOpspalette.Then,thenclickanddragintheworkspacetodrawthe
shape,releasingthemousebuttonwhenyouhaveachievedthedesiredsizeand
shape.
Notethattomakeaperfectsquareorcircle,youcanholddownthe[SHIFT]key
asyoudrawwiththeRectangleorEllipsetool,respectively.
Complex Drawing Tools: Multi-line and Polygon

Inadditiontothesestraightforward,clickanddragshapes,youcanalsocreatemore
complexshapesandlinesonaflowsheet.
Tocreateanyopenfigurewithanirregularshape,selecttheMultilinetoolin
theAllUnitOpspalette.Moveyourcursortotheworkspaceandclickinthearea
whereyouwanttostartdrawing.Thenmovethecursorandclickagaintocreatethe
shapesfirstline.Keepclickingandmovingthemouseuntilyouvecreatedthe
shapeyouwant,andthendoubleclicktocompletetheshapeandturnofftheMulti
linetool.
Tocreateanirregularclosedpolygon,selectthePolygontoolandthenmove
yourcursortotheworkspace.Clickwhereyouwanttostartdrawing,andthenclick
asecondtimetocreatethefirstsideofyourpolygon.Afterthesecondclick,youll
begintoseetheopenareabeingcreated.Continuemovingthecursorandclicking
untilyouarereadytoplaceyourlastpoint,andthendoubleclicktocompletethe
shapeandturnoffthePolygontool.
40
Notethatyoucanholddownthe[SHIFT]keywhileusingthePolygontoolto
createarighttriangle.
Selecting Chemical Components

Youcanselectchemicalcomponentsforyoursimulationatanypointwhilecreating
theflowsheet,oryoucanwaituntilyouvedrawntheentireflowsheetbeforeadding
components.Beforeyoucanrunthesimulation,youwillneedtolistevery
componentinvolvedinyourchemicalprocesssothatCHEMCADcanworkwith
thosecomponentsproperties.
ThesechemicalcomponentsarepulledfromCHEMCADscomponentdatabase,a
masterlistofthousandsofchemicalswiththeirassociatedproperties.Whenyoure
readytolistcomponentsforyoursimulation,selectThermophysical>Select
ComponentstoopentheSelectComponentsdialogbox.
Figure 5-04: The Select Components dialog box
TheAvailableComponentscolumnliststhecontentsoftheCHEMCAD
componentdatabase,whiletheSelectedComponentscolumnliststhecomponents
currentlyincludedinthissimulation.Foranewsimulation,theSelected
Componentslistisemptyatfirst.
Everychemicalthatwillbepartoftheprocess,whetheritsafeedstream,
product,orutility,mustbelistedonthissimulationscomponentlist.
Finding a Component
BecauseofthelargenumberofcomponentsintheCHEMCADcomponentdatabase,
scrollingupanddownthelistofavailablecomponentscanbetimeconsuming.To
findaspecificcomponentquickly,usetheSearchboxatthebottomoftheSelect
Componentsdialogbox.
TypethenameofthechemicalyouwanttofindintheSearchbox.Witheach
letterthatyoutype,CHEMCADsuggestspossiblematchesintheAvailable
41
Componentslist.Inthefollowingexample,typingtheletterswaintheSearchfield
hashighlightedtheWatercomponent.
Figure 5-05: Using the Search box to locate the Water component
TheSearchfieldacceptsbothtextandnumericentries.Bydefault,CHEMCAD
willsearchforyourentryamongallchemicalnames,chemicalformulas,
CHEMCADdatabaseIDs,andCASnumbers.Ifyouwouldprefernottosearchthis
broadly,clicktheOptionsbutton.Thisbringsupadialogboxthatenablesyouto
optoutofincludinganyoftheseitemsinyoursearches.
Figure 5-06: Selecting what to include in component searches
Note:YoucanaddyourowncustomcomponentstotheCHEMCADcomponent
database.Formoredetailsaboutthisfeature,seeChapter10ofthismanual.
Adding a Component
OnceyouvelocatedthecomponentyouwantintheAvailableComponentslist,
simplydoubleclickthecomponenttoaddittotheSelectedComponentslistforyour
simulation.
YoucanalsoselectmultiplecomponentsintheAvailableComponentslistand
thenclicktherightarrowbutton,locatedbetweenthetwocolumns,toaddthe
componentstoyoursimulation.Toselectmultiplecomponents,useWindows
standardselectionmethodsofholdingdown[SHIFT]toselectcontiguousitemsor
holdingdown[CTRL]toselectnoncontiguousitems.
42
Figure 5-07: Adding multiple components using the right arrow button
Ifyouwouldliketoduplicatethecomponentlistfromanexistingsimulation,
clickCopyFromAnotherSimulation.IntheresultingOpendialogbox,navigateto
thedesiredsimulation,selectthatsimulation,andclickOpen.TheSelected
Componentslistisnowpopulatedwiththecomponentsusedinthesimulationyou
selected;youcanaddordeleteitemstocustomizethelist.
Changing the Order of Selected Components

WhenyourSelectedComponentslistforasimulationisparticularlylong,youmay
findithelpfultoplacecertaincomponentsateitherthetoporthebottomofthelist.
Youcanaddcomponentsinanyorder,andthenmovethemaroundinthelistas
needed.
TomoveacomponenttoanewpositionintheSelectedComponentslist,click
thecomponenttoselectitandthen:
ClickToptomoveittothefirstpositiononthelist.
ClickUptomoveituponeposition.
ClickDowntomoveitdownoneposition.
ClickBottomtomoveittothelastpositiononthelist.
Removing Items from the Selected Components List

ToremoveasinglecomponentfromtheSelectedComponentslist,clickthe
componenttoselectitandthenclickDeleteinthebottomrightareaoftheSelect
Componentsdialogbox.
ToremoveallcomponentsfromtheSelectedComponentslistandbeginagain,
clickClear,justtotherightofDelete.Ifyouhavechangedyourmindaboutadding
componentsatthistime,youcansimplyclickCanceltobackoutofcomponent
selection.
43
Selecting K-value and Enthalpy Options

ThefirsttimeyoucompletetheComponentSelectiondialogbox,youllbetakento
theThermodynamicsWizarddialogbox.Atthispoint,youcaneitherclickCancelto
skipthewizardandenterthermodynamicsmanually,orenterparametersinthe
dialogboxandclickOKtoseewhichmethodsthewizardsuggests.
Using the Thermodynamics Wizard

Properselectionofthermodynamicsisgenerallythemostimportantstepina
processsimulation.Apoorthermodynamicsselectionmayleadtounrealistic
simulationresults.
TheThermodynamicsWizardmakesgeneralsuggestions,basedonyour
componentlistandthespecifiedrangesfortemperatureandpressure.
Selecting Components to Ignore

Intheupperportionofthewizardscreen,usethedropdownboxestoindicateany
componentsthattheThermodynamicsWizardshouldnotconsider.Thismayaffect
theresultsformodelsuggestion.Forexample,ifyouareusingwaterasacoolant
andyourothercomponentsarealkanes,theThermodynamicsWizardwillchoose
UNIFAC.Ifyouspecifythatwatershouldbeignored,thewizardwillignorethe
waterandselectSRK.
Specifying Process Conditions

Inthelowerportionofthewizardscreen,specifytheapproximatetemperatureand
pressurerangesforthisprocess.Enteringaccurateinformationinthesefieldswill
helptheThermodynamicsWizardreturnamoreusefulrecommendation.
IntheBIPDataThresholdfield,entertheminimumpercentageofpossible
binaryinteractionparameters(BIPs)whichmustbepresentinaBIPactivity
coefficientmodel(NRTL,Wilson,etc).WithoutBIPs,activitycoefficientmodels
simplifytoRaoultslaw.
How the Thermodynamics Wizard Makes Suggestions

CHEMCADsThermodynamicsWizardfollowsalogictreetochooseamodel.The
logictreeassumesthatallyourcomponentsaremixedinavessel,withconditions
fallingintothespecifiedtemperatureandpressureranges.
44
Ifallcomponentsarehydrocarbons,thewizardwilllikelysuggestan
equationofstate.
Ifwaterispresent,thewizardwilllikelyselectanactivitycoefficientmethod.
Ifwaterandhydrocarbonsarepresent,thewizardwilllikelyselectUNIFAC.
Ifwaterandstrongelectrolytes(HCl,NaOH,etc.)aredetected,thewizard
willsuggestelectrolytemodels.
Temperatureandpressurerangewillaffecttheselectionofmodel.Ifpressureis
high,CHEMCADismorelikelytosuggestanequationofstate.Ifpressureis
atmosphericandtemperatureisbelowthenormalboilingpointofallcomponents,
CHEMCADmaychoosealiquidactivitymodeloridealvaporpressure.
Should the Thermodynamics Wizard be trusted to make design decisions?

Usethewizardasastartingpointforyourdecision.Properselectionof
thermodynamicsistheengineersresponsibility.Yoursimulationmaycallforthe
useofadifferentthermodynamicmodelthanwhattheThermodynamicsWizard
suggests.
Manually Selecting Thermodynamics Settings

Tosetupthermodynamicsforyoursimulationmanually,followthesesteps:
1. SelectThermophysical>ThermodynamicSettings,orclickthebuttonbythe
samenameonthetoolbar.
Figure 5-08: The Thermodynamic Settings button on the toolbar
2. ThisopenstheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox.Startbydetermining,
basedonyourprocessknowledge,whetheryoursystemhastwoliquid
phasesorasingleliquidphase.IntheGlobalKValueOptionfield,selecta
methodthatcancalculatethephasebehaviorrelevanttoyoursystem.
3. Basedonthespecificcircumstancesofyourprocess,makeanyneeded
alterationstotheoptionsdisplayedontheKvalueModelstab.Notethatthe
optionsappropriatetoyourselectedKvaluemethodaredisplayedinblack,
whileirrelevantoptionsaredisplayedingray.
4. ClickEnthalpyModelstab,selectthemostappropriatemodelintheGlobal
EnthalpyOptionfield,andmakeanyotherchangestotheoptionsonthistab
asneededforyourprocess.
5. ClicktheTransportPropertiestabandverifythatthesettingsthereare
appropriateforthissimulation.Changeanysettingsasneededandthenclick
OKtoclosetheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox.
6. Ifyouvemadeanychanges,amessageboxappears:Allstreamsshouldbe
reinitialized.Proceedwithreinitialization?ClickYestoreinitializeallstreams
now,orNoifyoudprefertowaitandreinitializethestreamslater.
45
Defining Streams
Thestreamsthatyouhavedrawnonyourflowsheetarestilljustlineswithnodata
behindthem,sothenextstepistoeditthesestreams,populatingthemwith
compositiondataandotherproperties.
Note:Inmostsituations,thestreamsyoullneedtodefinewillbethefeedstreamsin
yourprocess.Othertypesofstreams,suchasrecyclecutstreams,mayalsorequire
definition.
Youcaneditasinglefeedstreamusingeitherofthesemethods:
Doubleclickthestream.
OntheSimulationtabintheCHEMCADExplorer,expandFlowsheetand
thenStreams,rightclickthestreaminquestion,andselectEditStream.
Youcaneditallfeedstreamsintheflowsheetatonceusingeitherofthese
methods:
SelectSpecifications>FeedStreams.
ClicktheEditFeedStreamstoolbarbutton,whichdisplaysalargeredfeed
streamarrow.
Whichevermethodyouchoose,youllseetheEditStreamsdialogbox,with
eitherasinglecolumnofdataoracolumnforeachfeedstreamintheflowsheet.In
thisdialogbox,specifypropertiesforeachfeedstreamlisted.
Thermodynamic Properties
Youmustspecifyexactlytwoofthefollowingthreevariables:
TempF
Prespsia
VaporFraction
CHEMCADwillcalculatethethirdvariableandenthalpy,basedonthetwo
variablesyouspecifyandthethermodynamicsmethodyouveselected.
Stream Composition
Todefinethestreamcomposition,youllneedtospecifyacompositionunitandthe
amountofeachcomponentthatispresentinthestream.
SelectaunitfromtheCompunitdropdownlist,andthenbasedonthat
selection,populatethefieldforeachcomponentwiththeappropriateamount,
percentage,orfraction.
Forstreamcompositionsexpressedasapercentageorfraction,youcanenter
valuesthatdonottotal100%.Inthiscase,CHEMCADwillnormalizethe
46
compositiontofractionalvaluesthattotal1.Topreviewthenormalizedvaluesthat
CHEMCADassignstothecomponents,clickFlash.
Total Flow Properties

Ifthecomponentflowengineeringunitusedforastreamisdimensionless(i.e.,mole
fraction,weightfraction,orvolumefraction),youmustspecifythefollowingflow
properties:
Totalflow
Totalflowunit
Ifyouenteryourcomponentamountsasfractions,thenyoumustalsoentera
totalflowrate.Ifyouentercompositionamountsusingquantitativeflowunits,
CHEMCADcalculatesthetotalflowrateforyou.
Specifying Equipment Parameters

Onceyouhavespecifiedthenecessarystreampropertiesforyoursimulation,the
nextstepistoenterspecificationsfortheUnitOps.Youcaneditthepropertiesofa
UnitOpusinganyofthefollowingmethods:
DoubleclicktheUnitOpiconontheflowsheet.
ClicktheUnitOpiconandthenselectSpecifications>EditUnitOps>Select
UnitOps.
OntheSimulationtabintheCHEMCADExplorer,expandFlowsheetand
thenUnitOps,rightclicktheUnitOpinquestion,andselectEditUnitOp
Data.
ThedialogboxthatdisplayswhenyougotoeditaUnitOpspropertieswill
dependonthetypeofUnitOp.TheStreamMixerUnitOp,forexample,hasonlyone
specificationthatyoucanset,whiletheSCDSColumnUnitOphasfivetabbedpages
ofdetailedsettings.
Figure 5-09: Two different UnitOps that require very different amounts of input
47
ThedetailedinformationaboutthespecificationsforeachtypeofUnitOpis
containedintheCHEMCADHelpsystem,whichyoucanaccessfromany
CHEMCADscreenbypressingthe[F1]key.
Thesespecificationscreensdo,however,havecertainrulesincommon:
Itemswithgreentextlabelsarerequiredentries.
Allotherentriesareoptional.
ClickingOKsavesyourspecificationchanges;clickingCanceldiscardsthem.
AfteryouclickOK,CHEMCADchecksyourdataforinternalconsistencyand
thenreturnserrorsorwarningsaswarranted.TheseitemsdisplayintheMessages
paneintheCHEMCADwindow.
Running the Simulation

NowthatyouvedrawntheflowsheetandaddeddetailtothestreamsandUnitOps
thatmakeuptheflowsheet,youcanrunthesimulation.YoucaneitherselectRun>
Run>RunAllorsimplyclicktheRunbuttononthetoolbar.
Whenyourunasimulation,CHEMCADcalculatesmaterialandenergybalances
throughouttheentireflowsheetandreturnsanyerrorsorwarningsdiscoveredin
theflowsheet.Iftheruncompletessuccessfully,aRunfinishedmessageappearsat
thefarleftofthestatusbar,attheverybottomoftheCHEMCADwindow.
Note:ForpreliminarychecksofindividualUnitOpsorgroupsofUnitOps,youcan
selectRun>Run>RunSelectedUnitOp(s).
Reviewing the Results

Afterasimulationhasrun,youcancallupanynumberofindividualtextbased
reportsorgraphicalplots,eitherforonscreenviewingorforprinting.Reportscan
providedataonanysinglestreamorUnitOp,oranygroupofstreamsorUnitOps,in
asteadystateordynamicsimulation.Youcanalsorequestaconsolidatedreportthat
providescomprehensivedataonthestreamsandUnitOpsyouselect.
Note:CHEMCADreports,plotting,andplotprintingarecoveredindetailin
Chapter8,OutputandReports.
48
Chapter 6
Using CHEMCAD for High-fidelity Modeling
UnitoperationspecificationsinCHEMCADvarygreatlyindetail,fromvagueand
conceptualtoextremelyspecificandrealistic.Dependingonthedemandsofyour
processandwhatyouretryingtoachievewithyoursimulation,youmayworkwith
whatwecalllowfidelitymodeling,highfidelitymodeling,orboth.
ThischapteraddressesCHEMCADscapacityforhighfidelitymodelingand
howtoachieveahighlevelofrealismwithyourUnitOps.
What is high-fidelity modeling?

Withlowfidelitymodeling,youspecifywhatyouwant,orwhatyouhaveobserved,
andCHEMCADmakesitscalculationsbasedontheassumptionthatyoucan
achievewhatyouvespecified.Itscommontospecifyobservedpropertiessuchas
temperatureand/orpressurecomingoutofaUnitOp,orcomponentpuritycoming
outofaseparationunit.Specifyingtemperaturecomingoutofaheatexchangerisan
exampleoflowfidelitymodeling.
Highfidelitymodeling,ontheotherhand,requiresthatyouenternumerous
extensivevariables.CHEMCADcalculatestheresultingconditionsbasedonthese
detailedentries.Withhighfidelitymodeling,youreoftenrequiredtospecify
geometryrelatedvariablesforaUnitOpsothatCHEMCADcancalculateprecise
conditionsattheequipmentsoutlet.
Heresthekeydistinctionbetweenlowfidelityandhighfidelitymodelingin
CHEMCAD:
Lowfidelity:YouspecifythedesiredresultsandCHEMCADassumesthatyou
canachievethoseresultswiththeequipmentyouhave.
49
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
Highfidelity:YouspecifyenergyandequipmentparametersandCHEMCAD
calculatestheactualresults.
Criteria for High-fidelity Modeling

TotakeadvantageofCHEMCADshighfidelitymodelingcapabilities,youmust
providedetailedspecificationsforyourequipment.Todothis,mostUnitOpsrequire
thatyouselectacalculationmodethatallowsforentryofhighfidelitycaliberdetail.
Forexample,ifyouhaveapumpthatissettothedefaultmodeofSpecifyoutlet
pressure,youllgetalowfidelityresultfromthispumpthatis,thesimulationwill
usetheoutletpressurethatyouspecify,butwithoutconsiderationforthesizeofthe
pump,theamountoffluidenteringthepump,orinletpressure.
IfyouswitchthepumptoSpecifyperformancecurve,ahighfidelitymode,youll
needtoenterdatapointsfromthepumpsperformancecurve,eitherforasingle
speedlineorformultiplespeedlines.Usingthismode,CHEMCADwillcalculate
thechangeofpressureheadbasedontheperformancedataandtheinletvolumetric
flowrate.Thisprovidesarealisticpressureincreasefortheactualpumpthatyour
processuses.
NoteverytypeofCHEMCADUnitOplendsitselftohighfidelitymodeling.The
followingsectionsdiscussvarioustypesofUnitOpsthatdoofferhighfidelity
calculationmodes,andprovidesomebasicinformationabouthowtousethose
modes.
Introduction to Equipment Sizing

EquipmentsizinginCHEMCADisoptional.ItentailsusingtheSizingmenu
options,generallyafterrunningasimulation,tocalculateapproximatesizesfor
pipes,vessels,valves,orifices,andotherequipment.
Figure 6-01: The Sizing menu, showing heat exchanger sizing options
Equipmentsizingcancomplementlowfidelityresults,andoftenprovidesan
excellentstartingpointforhighfidelitymodeling.Youcanusecertainsizingresults
asinputforhighfidelitymodelsofUnitOpsinyoursimulation.Specifying
geometricparametersforUnitOpscanhelpyouobtainmorerealisticresults.
Notethatforlowfidelitymodeling,sizingdoesnotchangeconvergedflowsheet
results.Also,forsomeUnitOps,certaingeometryparametersmustbeentered
regardlessoftheselectedcalculationmode.
50
High-fidelity Modeling and Sizing for Common UnitOps

HighfidelitymodelingdoesnotapplytoallCHEMCADUnitOps.Thissection
summarizesthoseUnitOpsforwhichyoucanusehighfidelitymodeling,and
comparesthatapproachforeachUnitOptypetolowfidelitymodeling.Where
applicable,UnitOpsizingisalsodiscussedasitrelatestolowfidelityversushigh
fidelitymodelingoftheseUnitOptypes.
Piping
Youcanuseeitherloworhighfidelitymodelingforpipinginyoursimulation.
Pipelinesizingisdonebasedonthecompositionofaselectedstream.
Low-fidelity
Forlowfidelitymodelingofpiping,youarerequiredtospecifypipediameterand
lengthinmostmodes;designmodesthatcalculatediameteraretheobvious
exceptiontothis.Thepressuredropthroughthepipeiscalculatedbasedon
diameter,length,andflowratethroughthepipe.
Sizing
Toperformsizingcalculations,selectSizing>Piping.Selectoneormorestreams,
theninthePipeSizingdialogbox,selectasizingoptionandclickOKforlinesizing
results.Youcanusetheseresults,suchassuggestedpipethicknessanddiameter,to
specifygeometryforaPipeUnitOp,orsimplyreviewthemfortheinformationyou
need.
Figure 6-02: Line sizing results from the Pipe Sizing dialog box
High-fidelity
Inhighfidelitypipingmodels,PipeUnitOpsinteractwithNodeUnitOpstobalance
pressureandflowrateshydraulicallyamongconnectedpiecesofflowbased
51
equipment.NodesmustbeplacedonbothsidesofallPipeUnitOpstobeincluded
inhydraulicbalance;pressureandflowconstraintsaresetatthenodes,notinthe
pipes.
Ahighfidelitypipingmodelcanshowchangesinflowratebasedonback
pressurewheretwopipesmix,whereasalowfidelitymodelwouldsimplyassign
theloweroftwospecifiedpressurestotheoutletwithoutconsiderationforback
pressure.
Pumps, Compressors, and Expanders

Youcancreatepump,compressor,andexpanderUnitOpsusingeitherlowfidelity
orhighfidelitymodeling.
Low-fidelity
Fortheseequipmenttypes,CHEMCADcalculatespowerusageandthermaleffects
onthefluid,basedonspecifiedoutputpressureorpressureincrease.Other
parameters,suchasefficiency,areoptionalbutdoaffectresults.
High-fidelity
Toproduceahighfidelitymodelfortheseequipmenttypes,youmustselectthe
operationmodeinwhichyouspecifyperformancecurvesthatis,pressurechange
asafunctionofvolumetricflowrate.Thisperformanceinformationisgenerally
availablefromtheequipmentvendor.Basedonthevolumetricflowenteringthe
UnitOp,CHEMCADcalculatesoutletpressure.
Aswithpiping,highfidelitymodelingforpumps,compressors,andexpanders
canbeusedwithnodesaspartofahydraulicflowbalancednetwork.
Vessels and Tanks

Youcanaddvesselsandtankstoyoursimulationsusinghighfidelitymodeling,or
performlimitedapproximationoftheseequipmenttypeswithlowfidelityinsteady
state.Sizingisavailableforcertaintypesofvessels.
Low-fidelity
Withlowfidelitymodelingofavesselortank,astreamenterstheFlashUnitOpand
separatesintovaporandliquid;CHEMCADdoesnotconsiderholduporliquid
levelinthetank.Ifyouwanttotakeasteadystatesnapshotofthevessel,youcan
manuallyadjusttheflowrateand/orthermalconditionstomakevolumetricflow
ratesmatchthevolumeofthevessel.
Note:TheTankUnitOpisspecificallyintendedforusewiththeBatchColumn
UnitOp.Itdoesnotrepresentastandardstoragetankforgeneralpurposes.
52
Sizing
Tocalculatesizingforavessel,selectaFlashUnitOpandthenselectSizing>Vessel.
ChooseeitherLVVessel(liquidvaporvessel)orLLVVessel(liquidliquidvapor
vessel),dependingonyourneeds.Intheresultingdialogboxes,enterthe
appropriatevaluesforyourvesselandclickOK.
Figure 6-03: Sizing a vessel in CHEMCAD
TheresultsthatCHEMCADreturnsincludebasicvesselgeometrysuchasheight
anddiameter.
Youcanalsoperformvesselsizingonaconvergeddistillationcolumnto
calculategeometryforarefluxdrumorsimilarpieceofequipment.
High-fidelity
Youcanperformhighfidelitymodelingonlyonbatchreactorsanddynamicvessels,
andonlywithaCCDYNAMICSlicense(fordynamicvessels,aCCSAFETYNET
licensewillsuffice).IfyouspecifythegeometryofyourvesselanduseCHEMCADs
dynamicsmode,youcanstudywhathappensinthevesselovertimeasmaterialis
addedorwithdrawn.
Unlikesimpleflashvessels,batchreactorsanddynamicvesselsdoconsider
holdup,liquidlevel,andvariablepressureovertime.
Valves
ValvemodelinginCHEMCADcanbeeitherlowfidelityorhighfidelity.Youcan
sizeacontrolvalvebasedonanyflowsheetstream.
Low-fidelity
TheVALVUnitOpisusedforlowfidelitymodelingofavalve.Forthistypeof
UnitOp,youspecifyoutletpressureorpressuredecreasethroughthevalve.
53
Sizing
SelectSizing>ControlValve,thenselectastream.IntheControlValveSizing
dialogbox,specifytheoutletpressureforthetheoreticalvalve,andenterother
specificationsasappropriate.WhenyouclickOK,CHEMCADreturnsinformation
suchascapacitycoefficient(Cv)andvalvesize.
High-fidelity
TheCVALUnitOpisusedforhighfidelityvalvemodeling.Decidewhichvalues
youwillprovideandwhichvaluesCHEMCADwillcalculate,andselectthe
appropriateoperatingmodeintheControlValvedialogbox.ProvidethevalvesCv
value,andanyotherspecificationsasneeded.
Controlvalvescanbeusedwithnodesaspartofahydraulicflowbalanced
network.
Columns
ColumnsinCHEMCADcanbemodeledaseitherlowfidelityorhighfidelity.You
canperformsizingonanyconvergedcolumn.
Low-fidelity
Forlowfidelitymodelingofcolumns,usetheTower,TowerPlus,orSCDSUnitOps.
Specifyidealstagesandtheconditionsatthereboilerandcondenser,asapplicable.
Alowfidelitycolumnmodeldoesnotconsidermasstransfereffectsorcolumn
internals.
Differentcolumnspecificationscanprovidemorerealismwithouttaking
geometryintoaccount.Specifyingtoppurityisaverylowfidelitymodel,while
specifyingrefluxratioorcondenserdutycanbringyourresultsclosertoreality.
Sizing
Afterrunningyoursimulation,clicktheUnitOprepresentingthedistillationcolumn
andselectSizing>Distillation;chooseeitherTraysorPacking,basedonthetypeof
column.
Theresultingdialogboxespromptyoutoenterinformationaboutyourtraysor
packingandthecalculationmethodsyouwanttouseforcolumnsizing.Youwill
54
generallyneedtoentersomegeometryandhydraulicparameterstocomplete
columnsizing.
Figure 6-04: Specifying high-level tray data for distillation column sizing
Figure 6-05: Specifying detailed tray data
Basedonflowsheetvaluesandyoursizinginput,CHEMCADreturnscolumn
geometryinformationsuchasheightanddiameter.Italsoprovideshydraulic
performanceinformationsuchaspredictedamountofflooding.
Note:Theresultsofcolumnsizingcalculationsdonotinteractivelychangetheresults
oftheflowsheetsimulation.
High-fidelity
Toperformhighfidelitymodelingofadistillationcolumninsteadystate,usethe
SCDSUnitOpandselecteitherofthemasstransfersimulationmodelsforthe
column.
55
Youwillneedtospecifygeometryforthecolumnandchooseacalculation
methodfortheselectedmasstransfermodel.CHEMCADcalculatescolumn
performancebasedonyourpackingortrayspecifications.
Forcolumns,masstransferbasedmodelingperformsrigorousnonequilibrium
mixingofvaporandliquid,whereaslowfidelitymodelingassumesidealmixing.
Toperformhighfidelitymodelingofadistillationcolumnindynamics,specify
thegeometryofthecolumnanddetailsaboutthecontrolsystem.Thisdynamic
distillationcanconsidercolumnholdupandtheeffectofvariableschangingover
time.
Note:TheShortcutColumnUnitOpisnotarigorouscalculationmodel.Unlessyour
systemsatisfiestheconstantmolarunderflowassumption,youshouldconsider
usingadifferenttypeofdistillationcolumn.
Heat Exchangers
Whenspecifyingaheatexchangerinasimulation,youcanuseeitherloworhigh
fidelitymodelingaswellassizing,dependingonthetypeofheatexchanger
involved.
Low-fidelity
Whencreatingasimulation,youcanusealowfidelityapproachbysimply
specifyingthethermalconditionscomingoutoftheexchanger.Specifyingheatduty
insteadofmerelyanoutlettemperaturebringsyourresultsclosertoreality,butthis
approachstilldoesntconsidergeometry.
Sizing
YoucanusetheCCTHERMmoduleforrigorouscalculationofheattransfer
coefficient(U)basedonheatexchangergeometry.Inratingmode,CCTHERM
determineswhethertheuserspecifiedheatexchangeriscapableoftheflowsheet
heatexchangerperformance.Indesignmode,CCTHERMcalculatesanexchanger
designthatiscapableoftheflowsheetperformance.
High-fidelity
Forsomeexchangercategoriesspecificallyshellandtubeanddoublepipeyou
canusetherigorousCCTHERMmodeltocalculateheatexchangerperformance.
TheflowsheetresultsarebasedonrigorouslycalculatedUvalueandthespecified
exchangergeometry.Youcanalsodetermineapproximatefoulingofaunitifactual
outlettemperaturesareknown.
56
Figure 6-06: Heat exchanger summary report generated as an Excel worksheet
Relief Devices
Forreliefdevices,sizingisnotnecessarilydistinctfromlowfidelitymodeling.To
modeldynamicreliefofavessel,youcaninsteadusehighfidelitymodeling.
Low-fidelity
Tomodelasteadystatesnapshotofareliefdevice,selectSizing>ReliefDevice,
specifyratingordesignmode,andselecttheappropriateoptionsforyourrelief
scenario.WhenyouclickOK,CHEMCADreturnsareliefdevicecalculation
summary.
IfyouselecttheRigorousintegralanalysisdesignmethodwhensizingarelief
device,youwillobtainamoredynamicresult.
Figure 6-07: Selecting the rigorous integral analysis method for relief device design
57
High-fidelity
YoucanperformhighfidelityreliefdevicemodelingfortheBatchReactorand
DynamicVesselUnitOps.Youcanspecifythereliefdevicenozzlearea,aswellas
otherspecificationsforyourreliefscenario.Thisenablesyoutostudythedynamic
reliefofthevessel.
Licensing Considerations for High-fidelity Modeling

Tousetheheatexchangersizingfunctionality,youmustcurrentlyhaveavalid
licensefortheCCTHERMmoduleofCHEMCAD.Tousebatchreactors,youllneed
avalidlicensefortheCCDYNAMICSmodule.Fordynamicvessels,alicensefor
eitherCCDYNAMICSorCCSAFETYNETisrequired.
Ifyoudontcurrentlyhaveaccesstotheheatexchangersizingordynamics
featuresandwanttoaddanyofthesemodulestoyourcopyofCHEMCAD,contact
thepersonwithinyourorganizationwhohandlessoftwarelicensing,orif
appropriate,youcancontactChemstationsoraCHEMCADdistributordirectly.For
acompletelistofChemstationscontactsforallpartsoftheglobe,seeourwebsite
(www.chemstations.net/contact.htm).
License Settings
IfyouvejustaddedmodulestoyourCHEMCADlicense,youshouldreturntothe
LicenseSettingsscreentochangesettingsbeforeproceeding.
SelectTools>Options>LicenseSettings(ifasimulationisopen)orLicense>
LicenseSettings(ifnosimulationisopen)tobringuptheLicenseSettingsscreen.
MovethesliderforeachnewlyinstalledmoduletoAsNeededandthenclickOKto
applyyourchanges.
YoumayseeaTraceMessageswindow;ifoneappears,clickOKtocloseit.The
nextscreenthatappearsistheLicensesinUsescreen,whereyoucanreviewthelist
ofCHEMCADproductsforwhichyoucurrentlyhavelicenses.ClickOKtoclosethis
screenandreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
58
Chapter 7
Building and Using a Dynamic Simulation
Whilesteadystatemodelingcanprovidealloftheinformationyouneedformany
purposes,itsofteninformativetolookcloselyatthechangesovertimethataffect
yourstreamsandequipment.CHEMCADsCCDYNAMICSmodulemakesit
possibletosimulateaprocessovertime.
What do we mean by dynamics?

Weusethetermdynamicstodescribemodelingachemicalprocessoverasetperiod
oftime.Duringthecourseofarealworldchemicalprocess,factorssuchasutility
temperature,feedcomposition,andliquidlevelstendtochange.Modelingthe
responseofyourprocesstothesechangescanhelpyouunderstandandpredictwhat
mighthappenwithyourprocessovertime.
Givenaflowsheet,alengthoftimetorun,andthecalculationintervaltouse,
CHEMCADcanreturndetailedresultsthattakeintoaccountthesetypesofchanges.
Theprogramcanconsiderthematerialholdupwithinprocessequipmentsuchas
tanks,reactors,andpipes.ItalsoenablesyoutomodelcontrolsystemssuchasPID
controllers.
Licensing Considerations
Tousethefunctionalitydescribedinthischapter,youmusthaveavalidlicensefor
theCCDYNAMICSmoduleofCHEMCAD.
IfyoudontcurrentlyhaveaccesstothedynamicsfeaturesandwanttoaddCC
DYNAMICStoyourcopyofCHEMCAD,contactthepersonwithinyour
organizationwhohandlessoftwarelicensing,orifappropriate,youcancontact
ChemstationsoraCHEMCADdistributordirectly.Foracompletelistof
59
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
ChemstationscontactsandCHEMCADdistributorsforallpartsoftheglobe,seeour
website(www.chemstations.com/contact.htm).
License Settings
IfyouvejustaddedCCDYNAMICStoyourCHEMCADlicense,youllneedto
returntotheLicenseSettingsscreentochangeasettingbeforeyoucanrundynamic
simulations.
SelectTools>Options>LicenseSettings(ifasimulationisopen)orLicense>
LicenseSettings(ifnosimulationisopen)tobringuptheLicenseSettingsscreen.
MovethesliderforCCDYNAMICStoAsNeededandthenclickOKtoapplyyour
change.
YoumayseeaTraceMessageswindow;ifoneappears,clickOKtocloseit.The
nextscreenthatappearsistheLicensesinUsescreen,whereyoucanreviewthe
CHEMCADproducts(includingCCDYNAMICS)forwhichyoucurrentlyhave
licenses.ClickOKtoclosethisscreenandreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Additional Input for Dynamic Operation

Beforeyoucreateadynamicsimulation,youllneedtogathertherelevant
informationaboutyourUnitOpsandstreams,asyouwouldwithanysimulation.In
addition,youneedtobeabletoanswerthefollowingdynamicsspecificquestions:
Howlongwillthesimulationrun?
Whatwillbetheinterval(deltatime/stepsize)betweencalculations?
Whatisthechangethatyouwanttostudyovertime?
Ifapplicable,whatistheinitialcompositionandchargeofanydynamic
vesselsorbatchreactors?
Thebasicstepsforadynamicsimulationarelargelythesameasthosefora
steadystatesimulation,withafewvitaldifferences:
1. Createanewsimulation.
2. Selectengineeringunits.
3. Drawtheflowsheet.
4. Selectcomponents.
5. Selectthermodynamicsoptions.
6. Specifyfeedstreamsandinitialstreamconditions.
7. SetspecificationsforUnitOps.
8. Runthesimulationinsteadystatetoobtaintimezerovalues.
9. Switchthesimulationtodynamics.
10. Specifydynamicssettings,suchasruntimeandinitialcharge(s).
60
11. Runthesimulationindynamics.
12. Reviewtheresults.
13. Rerunorextendthesimulationasneeded.
14. Generateplotsandreportsasneeded.
Beforeyoustartworkingonadynamicsimulation,itsimportanttohaveas
muchinformationaboutyourprocessaspossible,aclearideaofwhatyouwantto
findout,andastrategyforproducingtheresultsyouneed.
Strategies for Dynamic Simulations

Whenyoustartplanningadynamicsimulation,itsvitalthatyouknowwhat
questionorquestionsyouaretryingtoanswer.Togetuseful,informativeresults,
youshouldstartwithasimplequestionandthenrefinethesimulationandrunit
again.
Forexample,todiscoverhowheataffectsavesselstemperatureovertime,you
mightstartbyapplyingconstantheattothevesselforthedurationofyourdynamic
simulation.Youcanthensaveacopyofthatsimulation,changeittousevariable
heat,andreviewtheresultstoseehowtheydifferfromtheoriginal.Basedonthat
secondsimulation,youcanmakeanothercopy,andthistimetryvariableheatwitha
controlsystemtoattempttomaintainaconsistenttemperature.Eachofthese
dynamicsimulationswouldbringyouclosertowhatyouactuallywanttodiscover.
Eachsubsequentsimulationrequiresmoreinformationfromyoutorunandreturn
theresultsyouwant.
Whilethereisnorequirementthatyouapproachdynamicsproblemsthisway,
itsasoundpracticethatwillsaveyoutimeandfrustrationinthelongrun.
Setting Up Dynamic Operation

Beforeyoucanrunadynamicsimulation,youneedtoprovideparameterssuchas
runtimeandstepsize.First,however,youmustactivateCHEMCADsdynamics
mode.
Switching to Dynamics
Followthesestepstoswitchasimulationfromsteadystatetodynamicoperation:
1. OpenthesimulationandselectRun>Convergence.Thisbringsupthe
ConvergenceParametersdialogbox.
2. Inthelowerrightportionofthedialogbox,clickintheSteady
State/DynamicsfieldandselectDynamics.
61
Figure 7-01: Switching to dynamics
3. ClickOKtosavethechangesandclosethedialogbox.
Afteryouswitchtodynamics,youllnoticethatafewthingshavechangedon
theCHEMCADscreen:
ThestatusbaratthebottomofthemainCHEMCADwindowchanges.Afew
inchesfromtherightedgeofthescreen,insteadofthewordsSteadyState,
youllnowseeDTimeandatimecounterdisplayingthenumberofminutes
yoursimulationhasrun.Beforeyourunthesimulation,theDTimesetting
displays0:00min.
ThesteadystateRunAllbuttononthetoolbarisdisabled,andthedynamics
buttonsarenowactivated.Thesebuttons,showninFigure702,are(leftto
right)SetRunTime,ResettoInitialState,RunDynamicSimulation,Plot
DynStreams,andPlotDynUnitOps.
Figure 7-02: Toolbar buttons for dynamics
62
YoucannowselectRun>DynamicstobringuptheDynamicsMenu.This
windowprovidesconvenientaccesstoalldynamicssettingsandcommands.
Figure 7-03: The Dynamics Menu
Setting the Run Time

Thenextstepistosettheruntimeforthesimulation.Firstdecidewhetheryourrun
willrequireasinglestepormultiplesteps.
AstepinthiscasereferstoatimeperiodduringwhichCHEMCADwillcapture
datafromthesimulationatuniformintervals.Forexample,youmightsetupa
singlestepdynamicrunof60minutes,withastepsizeofoneminute,foratotalof
60datapointsfortherun.Ifthisisallthatyouneedtodo,yourruncanbe
accomplishedinasinglestep.
If,ontheotherhand,youneedtorunyourprocessfor60minutescapturingdata
atoneminuteintervals,andthenswitchtocapturingdataevery30secondsforthe
next20minutes,youllneedtousetwosteps.Ifyouwanttorecorddataeveryfive
minutesforthefirsthour,everyminuteforthesecondhour,andevery30seconds
forthethirdhour,youllneedtousethreesteps.
Thestepsizethatyouselectwillhaveanimpactontheaccuracyoftheresults
andthespeedofthecalculation.Smallertimestepsproducemorepreciseresults,but
alsorequiremoretimetomaketherun.Smallerisntalwaysbetter,however,as
extremelysmalltimestepscanleadtosignificantroundofferror.
63
Onceyouknowhowmanystepsyouneedtouseandwhatyourdatacapture
intervalwillbeforeachstep,followthesestepstosettheruntimeparameters:
1. ClickSetRunTimeontheDynamicsMenu,orclicktheSetRunTime
buttononthetoolbar.ThisbringsuptheDynamicRunTimeScheduledialog
box.
Figure 7-04: The General tab on the Dynamic Run Time Schedule dialog box
2. OntheGeneraltab,setthenumberofoperationstepsyouplantouse,or
leavethedefaultsettingof1.Themaximumnumberofstepsthatyoucan
specifyis10.
Note:Whenyouinitiallysetupdynamicsforasimulation,theCurrenttimedisplay
fieldonthistabwillbeempty.Afterthesimulationhasrun,thisfielddisplaysthe
totaltimeofacompletedrunorthecurrenttimeofaninterruptedrun.
3. NowclicktheStep1tabandspecifytheparametersforthisportionofthe
dynamicrun.EnterthetotaltimeforthisdynamicstepintheRuntimefield,
andtheintervalinminutesintheStepsizefield.
Figure 7-05: The Step 1 tab on the Dynamic Run Time Schedule dialog box
4. Ifyouhaveotherstepstospecify,clickeachtabinturnandentertheRun
timeandStepsizeinformation.
5. Whenyouhavespecifiedallsteps,clickOKtoreturntothemain
CHEMCADwindow.
64
TheDynamicRunTimeScheduledialogboxalsoallowsforconditionsother
thantimetodeterminethedurationofadynamicoperationstep.Ifyouselect
StreamorEquipmentinsteadofthedefaultTimeoption,youcanspecifyastream
orUnitOpparameterthatwilltriggertheendofthisstep,ifthatparameteris
reachedbeforethestepsruntimeisup.
Selecting Streams and UnitOps

Nowthatyouhavespecifiedhowlongyourdynamicprocesswillrun,youneedto
tellCHEMCADwhatstreamandUnitOpdatatorecordduringtherun.
1. IftheDynamicsMenuisnotalreadyopen,selectRun>Dynamicstoopenit,
thenclicktheRecordStreamsbutton.
2. IntheRecordStreamsdialogbox,dooneofthefollowing:
ChecktheSelectstreamsfromflowsheetbox,clickOK,andthenusethe
mousetoaddstreamstotheSelectStreamsdialogbox.
TypethenamesofstreamsyouwanttorecordintheIDboxes.
Figure 7-06: The Record Streams dialog box
3. Whenyouhaveselectedallthestreamsyouwanttorecord,clickOKto
returntotheDynamicsMenu.
4. NowclicktheRecordUnitOpsbutton.IntheRecordUnitOpsdialogbox,
selectUnitOpsinthesamewaythatyouselectedstreamsinstep2.
5. ClickOKtoreturntotheDynamicsMenu.
65
Note:InboththeRecordStreamsandRecordUnitOpsdialogboxes,youcanusethe
RunTimePlotcheckboxestoincludeselecteditemsinarealtimeplot.Selecting
itemsforruntimeplottingleadstoanotherdialogbox(eitherDynamicStreamPlot
OptionsorDynamicEquipmentPlotOptions),whereyoucanselectplotspecificsfor
eachstreamorUnitOp.Itisrecommendedthatyouuseruntimeplottingin
moderation,astoomanystreamsandUnitOpscanbecomevisuallyconfusingand
slowdowncalculationsconsiderably.
Running a Dynamic Simulation

Nowthatyouhavesettheruntimeandrecordingparameters,youcanrunthe
simulation.WhenyourunadynamicsimulationinCHEMCAD,acalculationofthe
entireflowsheetrunsforeachstepinthetimerangethatyouselect.
Indynamicsmode,youhavethreeoptionsforrunningasimulation:runfrom
thesimulationsinitialstate,runfromthesimulationscurrentstate,oradvancethe
simulationonetimeintervalatatimemanually.
Note:Atanypointduringadynamicrun,youcanpressthe[ESC]keyonyour
keyboardtostoptherunafterthecurrentcalculation.Whenyoudothis,youwillsee
aPrograminterruptedmessage.ClickOKtoclosethemessagebox,andtheneither
inspectyourrunresultsorselectaruncommandtocontinue.
Run from Initial State

Thisoptionresetstheflowsheettoitsinitialconditionsandbeginsthedynamic
simulation.Whenyourunasimulationthisway,allresultsfromprevious
simulationsarediscarded.
Tousethisoption,useeithertheRunfromInitialStatebuttonontheDynamics
MenuortheRunDynamicSimulationbuttonontheCHEMCADtoolbar.
Run from Current State

Whenyouusethisoption,thedynamicrunbeginsfromthecurrentconditions.
Thoseconditionsmightbetheinitialstateoftheflowsheet,theendofaprevious
run,orthemiddleofaninterruptedrun.Selectingthisoptioncontinuesthe
simulationfromthecurrentstate,i.e.,fromthelastcalculatedresult.
Youcanusethisoptiononlywhensomecalculationsremaintoberun.This
meansthatunlessyouhaveinterruptedtherunusing[ESC]orthestepbystep
methoddescribedinthenextsection,youmustscheduleoneormoreadditional
stepsusingtheDynamicRunTimeSchedulebeforecontinuing.
UsetheRunfromCurrentStatebuttonontheDynamicsMenutorunthe
simulationstartingfromcurrentconditions.
66
Run One Step at a Time

Ifyouwanttogetadetailedviewofyourdynamicrunasitunfolds,youcanchoose
torunoneintervalatatime.Withthisoption,thedynamicrunwillstopaftereach
discretetimestep.Torunthenexttimestep,youwillneedtousetheRunDynamic
SimulationtoolbarbuttonortheRunfromCurrentStatebuttonontheDynamics
Menu.
Tousethisframebyframeapproachtodynamics,selectRun>Convergence
andthenchecktheboxcalledRunonetimestepfordynamicsimulation.ClickOK
toconfirmthischange.Toturnoffthisfeature,returntotheConvergence
Parametersdialogboxtoclearthischeckbox.
Figure 7-07: Convergence Parameters setting to run one step at a time
Other Dynamic Commands

Inadditiontotheoptionsfordynamicrunsetupanddynamiccommands,the
DynamicsMenuofferstwootheritems:ResettoInitialStateandSaveasInitial
State.
Reset to Initial State

Inadynamicsimulation,youcanchangestreamandUnitOpspecificationsonly
whenthedynamictimeissettozero.Duringorafterarun,ifyouattempttoeditthe
specificationdialogboxforaUnitOp,youwillfindtheOKbuttondisabledanda
messageinstructingyoutorestorethesimulationtoitsinitialstate.
Figure 7-08: A UnitOp specification dialog box during a dynamic run
67
Toreturnthesimulationtoitsinitialstatealsoknownastimezeroclickthe
ResettoInitialStatebuttonontheDynamicsMenu,orusetheResettoInitialState
buttononthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.
Note:Anadvancedfeaturetoallowspecificationeditingatanytimeisavailable,but
shouldbeusedwithextremecautiontoavoidconfusionandunintendedresults.
ThisfeatureiscontrolledbyacheckboxontheConvergenceParametersdialogbox.
Save As Initial State

TheSaveasInitialStatecommandsetsthecurrentconditionsofthedynamicrunas
thenewinitialstate.Itdiscardsallparametersfromthepreviousinitialstate,and
makesitimpossibletorecoverthepreviousinitialstatedata.
Anexampleofadynamicruncanillustratetheusefulnessofthiscommand.
Supposethatyourunasimulationforfiveminutesandthetemperatureinavessel
increasesfrom50Cto70C.Youdecidethat70Cisabetterstartingpointforthis
vessel,andyouwanttocapturealloftheothervaluesthatcorrespondtothat
temperatureinthisvessel.Youcanachievethisbysavingthecurrentconditionsas
theinitialstate.
Todothis,clicktheSaveasInitialStatebuttonontheDynamicsMenu.Youwill
seeamessagewarningyouthatyouwilllosetheoriginalstateconditionsifyou
continue.Ifyouarepreparedtodothis,clickYes.Forourexample,thiswouldmean
losingthefirstfiveminutesofyourpreviousrun,alongwiththe50Cstarting
temperatureforthevessel.
Afteryousaveanewinitialstate,theRunfromInitialStateandResettoInitial
Statecommandsbothreferenceyournewinitialstatesettings.
Output from Dynamic Simulations

Theresultsfromdynamicsimulationsaremarkedlydifferentfromthoseproduced
bysteadystatesimulations,primarilyinthattheyrecorddatatrendsovertime
insteadofastaticsnapshotofafixedprocess.Withdynamicsimulations,
comparisonsofslightlydifferentprocessspecifications,andofthesameprocessat
differentpointsduringarun,canbeveryuseful.
Forthisreason,youmayfindthatgraphicalreportsprovidethemostuseful
informationwhenyoureworkingwithdynamicsimulations.CHEMCADprovides
aseriesofdynamicsplottingoptionstomeetthisneed;youcanalsogenerate
varioustextbasedreports,andviewcalculatedflowsheetvaluesatanypointduring
adynamicrunorafteraruniscomplete.
Reviewing the Flowsheet Specifications

Asnapshotofflowsheetvaluesfromadynamicrundoesntprovideasmuchvalue
asitwouldforasteadystaterun,butitcancomeinhandyinmanysituations.
68
Afterrunningadynamicsimulation,youcanviewthedatabehindany
flowsheetstreamorUnitOptoseetheeffectsoftheruncalculations.Doubleclick
anystreamorUnitOpontheflowsheettoreviewitsendofrunvalues.
Youcanalsostoptoreviewflowsheetdatainthemiddleofarun,eitherbyusing
theRunonetimestepfordynamicsimulationoptionorbypressing[ESC]topause
arun.Oncetherunhasstopped,youcandoubleclickanystreamorUnitOpto
reviewitscurrentvalues.
Plotting Dynamic Results

YoucanplottheresultsofdynamicsimulationsusingeitherthePlotmenuorthe
dynamicsbuttonsonthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.
Dynamicplotsdisplayselectedvaluesovertime.Thefollowingdynamicplots
areavailable:
BatchReactor/DVSLHistory:Thisplotdisplaysselectedvaluesforabatch
reactorordynamicvessel,includingcompositionofthevesselcontentsover
time.Thedialogboxusedtogeneratethisplotisuserfriendlyandfocuseson
themostcommonlyusedvariablesforthesetypesofequipment.
DynamicColumnHistory:Thisplotdisplaysselectedvaluesforadynamic
column,includingcompositionoftrays,distillate,andbottoms.
DynamicStreamHistory:Thisplotdisplaysselectedstreampropertiesfrom
anyrecordedstream.YoucanalsogeneratethisreportusingthePlotDyn
Streamstoolbarbutton.
DynamicUnitOpHistory:ThisplotdisplaysselectedUnitOpparameters
fromanyrecordedUnitOp.YoucanalsogeneratethisreportusingthePlot
DynUnitOpstoolbarbutton.
Note:FortheDynamicStreamHistoryandDynamicUnitOpHistoryplots,besure
torecordthestreamsandUnitOpsthatyouwanttostudy.Youcanonlyrequest
theseplotsforrecordedstreamsorUnitOps.
Text-based Dynamic Reports

Basedonthegraphicalresultsofyourdynamicsimulationrun,youmaydecideto
makechangestoyourprocess,runparameters,orboth,andthenrerunthe
simulation.Whenyouhavefinetunedyoursimulationandobtainedsatisfactory
results,youcanviewthoseresultsintextformaswellasgraphicalform,foramore
detailedlookatexactvalues.
Toaccesstextbaseddynamicreports,selectReport>Dynamicsandthenselect
oneofthefollowingreports:
DynamicColumnHistory:Thisreportprovidesdynamiccolumnresultsfor
aselectedcolumn.ThePrintReportOptionsdialogboxoffersthemost
relevantitemsfordynamiccolumnreporting.
69
DynamicStreamHistory:Thisreportprovidesstreamhistoriesforaspecific
streamthatyouselect,basedontheintervalthatyouspecifyandincluding
thecompositions,components,andstreampropertiesthatyouselect.
DynamicUnitOpHistory:Thisreportprovidesdetailedinformationabouta
dynamicUnitOpinthesimulation,basedontheintervalthatyouspecifyand
includingtheUnitOpparametersthatyouselect.
Note:FortheDynamicStreamHistoryandDynamicUnitOpHistoryreports,besure
torecordthestreamsandUnitOpsthatyouwanttostudy.Youcanonlyrequest
thesereportsforrecordedstreamsorUnitOps.
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Chapter 8
Output and Reports
OneofCHEMCADsgreateststrengthsisitscapacitytoprovidedetailed,
customizedinformationaboutequipment,streams,andprocesses.Youcancreate
customreportsfromsimulations,specsheetsforUnitOps,anddataboxesforprocess
flowdiagrams,andyoucanplotorprintanyoftheseitemsinthemostappropriate
format.
Text Reports
CHEMCADcanproduceawidearrayofcustomizabletextbasedsimulationreports,
basedonstreamdata,UnitOpdata,flowsheetdata,ordynamics.Ifyouprefer,you
canproduceoneconsolidatedreportincorporatingalloftheavailabletextreport
data.
Report Setup
Beforeyourun,view,orprintreports,youshouldcheckthesettingsthatdetermine
whichprogramsCHEMCADwillusetodisplayandprintyourreports.
Forindividualtextreports,youcanchoosetouseeitherWordPadorExcel.By
default,CHEMCADusesWordPad.ToswitchtoExcel,selectTools>Options>
ReportViewerSettingsandthenchecktheboxcalledUseMicrosoftExcelinsteadof
WordPad.ClickOKtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Fortheconsolidatedreport,youcanuseeitherWordorExcel.Tochoosea
programtodisplayandprintthisreport,selectReport>ConsolidatedReport,then
clickReportFormatatthetopoftheConsolidatedReportmenu.Thisbringsupthe
ReportFormatdialogbox.Choosewhetheryouwantyourconsolidatedreport
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OutputandReports
resultstoappearinaWorddocumentoranExcelworkbookfile,andthenclickOK
toapplyyourchange.
Stream-based Reports
AnumberofCHEMCADreportsareavailabletoanalyzestreamdatafroma
simulation.Toaccessanyofthefollowingreports,selecttheappropriateitemfrom
theReportmenu.TheresultswilldisplayineitherWordPadorExcel,dependingon
howyouveconfiguredCHEMCADtohandletextreports.
Note:Bydefault,thesereportswillusetheengineeringunitsyouselectedwhen
buildingthissimulation.Youcan,however,usedifferentflowrateunitswhen
runningreports.Tochangeflowrateunitsforreporting,selectReport>SetFlow
Units.IntheViewFlowRateUnitdialogbox,selecttheunitsyouwanttouseand
thenclickOK.Thenexttimeyourunstreamcompositionorpropertyreports,the
unitsthatyouveselectedherewillbethedefaultsetting;youcanchangetheflow
rateunitsagainasneeded.
Stream Groups
Forstreamcompositionandpropertyreports,youcancreatecustomstreamgroups
withinasimulationtostreamlineyourreportrequests.
Forexample,ifyouhaveaprocessthatinvolvestendifferentfeedstreams,and
youfrequentlyrunreportsonthisgroupofstreams,youcansetupagroup
consistingofjustthosestreams.Then,wheneveryouwanttoobtaincompositionor
propertydataforthosestreams,yourejustafewclicksawayanytimethesimulation
isopen.
ThequickestwaytosetupanygroupistousetheCHEMCADExplorer.Follow
thesestepstocreateastreamgroup:
1. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,findthetoplevelitemcalledGroups.Click
theplussignnexttoGroupstoexpandthisitem.
Figure 8-01: Expanding the Groups item in CHEMCAD Explorer
2. NowrightclicktheStreamsitemunderGroupsandselectNew.
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OutputandReports
Figure 8-02: Creating a new stream group
3. IntheNewGroupdialogbox,replacethedefaultname(suchasGroup1)
withadescriptivenameforyourgroup,thenclickOK.
Figure 8-03: Naming the new stream group
4. IntheEditStreamGroupdialogbox,selectthestreamsforthisgroup,either
bytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orbyclickingonstreamsin
theflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogbox.
5. Assoonasyoufinishcreatingthegroup,itsnameappearsunderStreamsin
theCHEMCADExplorer.Fromhere,youcanrightclickthegroupnameand
selectanyofthefollowing:
View/Edit:OpentheEditStreamGroupdialogbox,whereyoucanadd
ordeletestreamnumberstoincludeinthegroup.
Rename:OpentheRenameGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew
nameforthestreamgroup.
Copy:OpentheCopyGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew
groupnametomakeanexactcopyofthestreamgroup.Afteryouclick
OK,youcantheneditthenewcopyofthegrouptofityourneeds.
Delete:Removethisstreamgroupfromthesimulation.Ifyouresure
aboutdeletingthegroup,clickYesinthedialogboxthatappears.
Composition:Runaninstantstreamcompositionreportforthestreams
inthegroup.
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OutputandReports
Properties:Runaninstantstreampropertiesreportforthestreamsinthe
group.
Figure 8-04: Right-click menu options for custom stream group
Note:Thecommandstocreate,edit,andremovestreamgroupsarealsoofferedon
theReportmenu,underbothStreamCompositionsandStreamProperties.
Stream Compositions
Youcanrunastreamcompositionreportbasedonallstreams,oryoucanspecify
whichstreamstoinclude.Torunastreamcompositionreport,selectReport>
StreamCompositionsandthenselectfromthefollowingoptions:
74
SelectStreams:ChoosethestreamsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectStreams
dialogbox,eitherbytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orby
clickingonstreamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxand
displaythereport.
AllStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallstreamcompositiondatafortheentire
flowsheet.
FeedStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreamcompositiondataonlyforstreams
issuingfromaFeediconontheflowsheet.
ProductStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreamcompositiondataonlyfor
streamsterminatinginaProducticonontheflowsheet.
OutputandReports
UnitStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallinletandoutletstreamcomposition
dataforaspecifiedUnitOpontheflowsheet.IfnoUnitOpiconisselected
whenyourunthereport,youllseetheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox;typethe
UnitOpIDorclicktheUnitOpontheflowsheetandthenclickOKtodisplay
thedata.IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawill
displaywithoutfurtherinput.
Youcanquicklydisplaystreamcompositionforasinglestreamatanytime,
simplybyrightclickingthestreamintheflowsheetandselectingView
Composition.
Stream Properties
Beforerunningreportsonstreamproperties,youllneedtospecifywhichproperties
toinclude.Todothis,selectReport>StreamProperties>SelectProperties.This
openstheViewPropertyOptionsdialogbox,whereyoucanreviewwhich
propertiesarecurrentlyselected.
Ifyouwanttoaddanyproperties,checktheappropriateboxes;toremove
properties,clickoncheckedboxestoclearthem.Ifapplicable,clicktheCrude/Solids
tab,andmakeanychangestothepropertiesonthattab.ClickOKtoreturntothe
mainCHEMCADwindow.
Torunastreampropertiesreportforthepropertiesyouvespecified,select
Report>StreamPropertiesandthenselectfromthefollowingoptions:
SelectStreams:ChoosethestreamsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectStreams
dialogbox,eitherbytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orby
clickingonstreamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxand
displaythereport.
AllStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallstreampropertydatafortheentire
flowsheet.
FeedStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreampropertydataonlyforstreams
issuingfromaFeediconontheflowsheet.
ProductStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreampropertydataonlyforstreams
terminatinginaProducticonontheflowsheet.
UnitStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallinletandoutletstreampropertydata
foraspecifiedUnitOpontheflowsheet.IfnoUnitOpiconisselectedwhen
yourunthereport,youllseetheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox;typetheUnitOp
IDorclicktheUnitOpontheflowsheetandthenclickOKtodisplaythe
data.IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawill
displaywithoutfurtherinput.
Youcanquicklydisplaystreampropertiesforasinglestreamatanytime,simply
byrightclickingthestreamintheflowsheetandselectingViewProperties.
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OutputandReports
Particle Size Distribution

Foraparticlesizedistributionreport,selectReport>ParticleSizeDistribution.In
theSelectStreamsdialogbox,chooseoneormorestreamsforwhichaparticlesize
distributionexists(oneperline),eitherbytypinginstreamnumbers(oneperline)or
byclickingonstreamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtodisplaythereport.
Pseudocomponent Curves
Foratextreportonpseudocomponentcurves(alsoknownasdistillationcurves),
selectReport>PseudocomponentCurves.Selectoneormorestreamscontaining
hydrocarbons,eitherbytypinginstreamnumbers(oneperline)orbyclickingon
streamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtodisplaythereport.
UnitOp-based Reports
CHEMCADcanalsorunreportstoanalyzeUnitOpdata.Toaccessthesereports,
selecttheappropriateitemfromtheReportmenu.Theresultswilldisplayineither
WordPadorExcel,dependingonhowyouveconfiguredCHEMCADtohandletext
reports.
UnitOp Groups
FortheUnitOpsreport,youcancreatecustomUnitOpgroupswithinasimulation.
Muchliketheirstreambasedcounterparts,UnitOpgroupscansaveyoutimeand
effortwhenrequestingreports;inaddition,youcanusethesegroupswhenrunning
yoursimulation,toisolateandrunonlyselectedUnitOpsfordiagnosticorother
reasons.
Note:BecauseofthisotherfunctionalityofUnitOpgroups,theorderinwhichyou
listUnitOpIDswhensettingupthesegroupsisimportant.
ThequickestwaytosetupanygroupistousetheCHEMCADExplorer.Follow
thesestepstocreateaUnitOpgroup:
1. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,underGroups,rightclicktheUnitOps
itemandselectNew.
2. IntheNewGroupdialogbox,replacethedefaultname(suchasGroup1)
withadescriptivenameforyourUnitOpgroupandthenclickOK.
Figure 8-05: Naming the new UnitOp group
3. IntheEditUnitOpSequenceGroupdialogbox,selecttheUnitOpsforthis
group,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclickingon
76
OutputandReports
UnitOpiconsintheflowsheet.AddUnitOpsintheordertheyruninthe
simulation.ClickOKtoclosethedialogbox.
Assoonasyoufinishcreatingthegroup,itsnameappearsunderUnitOpsinthe
CHEMCADExplorer.Fromhere,youcanrightclickthegroupnameandselectany
ofthefollowing:
View/Edit:OpentheEditUnitOpSequenceGroupdialogbox,whereyou
canaddordeleteUnitOpsorreordertheexistinglist.
Rename:OpentheRenameGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew
nameforthegroup.
Copy:OpentheCopyGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanewgroup
nametomakeanexactcopyoftheUnitOpgroup.AfteryouclickOK,you
cantheneditthenewcopyofthegrouptofityourneeds.
Delete:RemovethisUnitOpgroupfromthesimulation.Ifyouresureabout
deletingthegroup,clickYesinthedialogboxthatappears.
Run:RunthesimulationonlyforthoseUnitOpsincludedinthisgroup.
View:DisplayasummaryreportoftheUnitOpsincludedinthisgroup.
Specifications:BringuptheUnitOpspecificationdialogboxesforeachitem
intheUnitOpgroup,startingwiththefirstUnitOplisted.
Note:Thecommandstoadd,edit,andremoveUnitOpgroupsarealsoofferedonthe
ReportmenuunderUnitOps.
Select UnitOps
TorunareportthatcoversjusttheUnitOpsyouspecify,selectReport>UnitOps>
SelectUnitOps.IntheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox,specifytheUnitOpsyouwantto
includeinthereport,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclicking
onUnitOpsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxanddisplaythereport.
IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawilldisplay
withoutfurtherinput.
Spec Sheet
ThiscommandexportsdetailedinformationaboutaUnitOpintoapreformatted
Excelworksheet.Thisreportisusefulfortaskssuchassolicitingamanufacturing
quoteforapieceofequipment.
TocreateaspecsheetforallUnitOpsontheflowsheet,selectReport>Spec
Sheet>AllUnits.
TocreateaspecsheetonlyforspecificUnitOps,selectReport>SpecSheet>
SelectUnit.ChoosetheUnitOpsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectUnitOps
dialogbox,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclickingon
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OutputandReports
UnitOpiconsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxanddisplay
thespecsheet.
ForasingleUnitOpspecsheet,youcanselecttheUnitOpiconbefore
runningthereport;Excelwillopenandthedatawilldisplaywithoutfurther
input.
Note:ForspecsheetsthatincludemultipleUnitOps,CHEMCADcreatesaseparate
worksheetforeachUnitOpsdatawithintheExcelfilethatCHEMCADcreates.
Distillation
Torunadistillationreport,selectReport>Distillationandthenselectoneofthe
following:
TowerProfiles:Generatesareportdetailingtemperature,pressure,andflow
rateforadistillationcolumn
TrayCompositions:Createsareportthatshowsthevaporflowrate,liquid
flowrate,andKvalueofeachcomponentoneachstageofadistillation
column
TrayProperties:Reportsoncurrentlyselectedstreampropertiesforeach
stageofadistillationcolumn
TowerMassTransfer:ForanSCDSdistillationcolumnthatusesamass
transfermodel,providesmasstransfercoefficients,heightoftransferunits,
andestimatedheightoftheoreticalplates(HETP)
DynamicColumnHistory:Providesdatafromasingledynamicrunofa
column(describedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamic
Simulation)
ColumnDiagnosis:Forcolumnsthathavenotsuccessfullyconverged,
providesrecommendationsforchangingcolumnsettingstoachieve
convergence
Flowsheet-based Reports
InadditiontoreportsthatfocusonparticularUnitOpsandstreams,CHEMCAD
offerstextreportsthatprovideinformationaboutthesimulationasawhole.To
accessanyofthesereports,selecttheappropriateitemfromtheReportmenu.
Topology
ThisreportprovidesalistingofallUnitOpsintheflowsheet,aswellasallstream
originsanddestinations.
Thermodynamics
Thisreportlistsallcomponentsusedinthesimulationandprovidesvital
informationaboutthethermodynamicsmethodsused.
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OutputandReports
Mass and Energy Balances

Inadditiontomassandenergybalances,thisreportgivestheorderinwhich
UnitOpsarecalculated,calculationmodesused,andinformationaboutrecycle
loops,cutstreams,andconvergence.
Dynamics Reports
TheReportmenuprovidesaccesstotheBatchResultsandDynamicscommands,
whichprovidereportsaboutnonsteadystreamprocesses.
Batch Results
Thisreportsummarizestheresultsofabatchdistillationcolumnsimulationatthe
endofeachoperatingstep.
Dynamics
YoucanaccessthreedifferentreportsbyselectingReport>Dynamics:Dynamic
ColumnHistory,DynamicStreamHistory,andDynamicUnitOpHistory.These
reportsaredescribedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation.
Consolidated Report
Youcanrunanycombinationofthetextbasedreportsdescribedaboveasasingle
operation,byselectingReport>ConsolidatedReport.Thisbringsupthe
ConsolidatedReportmenu.
Figure 8-06: The Consolidated Report menu
Fromthismenu,youcanspecifystreams,UnitOps,andstreampropertiesto
include;chooseflow,composition,anddistillationoptions;andselectsettingsfor
heatcurvesandbatchanddynamicoptions.
Tooptimizeyourconsolidatedsimulationreport,beginatSelectStreamsand
clickeachbuttoninturn,customizingeachdialogboxwithyourownsettingsand
clickingOKtoapplyyourchanges.Whenyouhaveworkedyourwaydownthe
menuandsetalloftheoptionstosuityourreportingneeds,clickCalculateand
GiveResults.
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OutputandReports
Graphical Reports
Inadditiontotextbasedreports,CHEMCADoffersawidevarietyofgraphicalplots
thatyoucanviewonscreenorprintforreview.
Thermophysical Data Graphs

CHEMCADoffersanumberofgraphicalreportsthatrelatespecificallytothe
selectedcomponentsandthermodynamicsoptions.Toaccessanyoftheseplots,
selecttheappropriateitemfromthePlotmenu.
TPXY
Thisselectiongeneratesvaporliquidequilibriumcurvesbetweenanytwo
components,withanoptionalthirdcomponent.YoucanincludeTPXY,TXY,activity
coefficient,andfugacitycoefficientcurves.
Binary LLE
Thisselectiongeneratesliquidliquidequilibriumcurvesbetweenanytwo
components.
Binodal Plot
Thisselectiongeneratesaternaryphasediagramshowingthedistributionofthree
selectedcomponentsintwoliquidphases,includingtielinesandplaitpoint.
Binodal/Residue Curves
Thisselectioncreatesaplotthatcombinesthecurvesfromabinodalplotanda
residuecurveplot.Thisisusefulwhenworkingwithheterogeneousazeotropic
distillation.
Residue Curves
Thisselectiongeneratesandplotsagraphicaldisplayofdistillationzones,
azeotropes,andresiduecurvesassociatedwithauserspecifiedternarymixture.
Flowsheet-based Graphs
Toviewgraphicalreportsthatreflectyouroverallsimulation,selectoneofthe
followingfromthePlotmenu:
80
StreamProperties:Plotsoneselectedstreampropertyforaselectedstreamin
theflowsheet
PhaseEnvelopes:Plotsaphaseenvelopeforagivenstream,highlightingthe
criticalpointofthemixture;canincludeplotsatvaporfractionsotherthan0
(bubblepointcurve)and1(dewpointcurve)
CompositeCurves:Plotscompositeheatcurvesfortheentireflowsheet,as
wellasoptionalheatcurvesforindividualUnitOps
OutputandReports
PseudocomponentCurves:Displaysaplotofoneormoredistillationcurves
forastream
UnitOp-based Plots
CHEMCADoffersseveralplotsthatdisplaydataforasingleUnitOp.Toaccessany
oftheseplots,selectPlot>UnitOpPlotsandthenselectoneofthefollowing
options.
Tower Profiles
Thisselectionplotscompositions,temperature,andflowprofilesfordistillation
columns.
Heat Curves
Thisselectionplotsheatingandcoolingcurvesforaselectedheatexchanger.
Plug Flow Reactor Profile

Thisselectionplotsthetemperatureorcompositionprofilesalongtheaxiallengthof
akineticplugflowreactor.
Pipe Profile
ThisselectionplotsfluidpropertiesforpipeUnitOpsalongtheaxiallengthofthe
pipe.Thisplotrequiresthatthepipecontainmultiplesegments.
Controller Convergence
Forcontrollersthathavenotconverged,thisplotenablesyoutodiagnosethe
controllerbehaviorthatispreventingconvergence.Theplotshowshowthe
controllererrorfunctionchangeswithiteration.
Dynamic Plots
CHEMCADoffersaseriesofplotsforusewithdynamicoperations.SelectPlot>
DynamicPlotstoaccessanyofsixgraphicaldynamicsreports.
TheseplotsaredescribedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamic
Simulation.
User-specified File
IfyouhavecustomizedCHEMCADusingVBA,C++,orotherprogramming
languages,youcansaveplotdataintoatextfileandusethisfeaturetodisplaythat
dataasacurve.
SelectPlot>UserSpecifiedFiletobringupamessageboxthatprovides
instructionsonhowtoformatthetextfile.ClickOKtocontinuetoanOpendialog
box,whereyoucanselectthetextfileyouwanttouse.WhenyouclickOpen,the
curveisplottedanddisplayed.
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OutputandReports
Printing CHEMCAD Reports

YoucanprintanytextreportthatyouproduceusingCHEMCAD,fromwithinthe
programthatyouhaveselectedtoviewthereport.
Thespecificprintingoptionsdiffersomewhatfromoneprogramtoanother,but
youcanbringupthemainPrintdialogboxinWord,WordPad,orExcelbyselecting
File>Print.EachoftheseprogramsalsooffersaPrintbuttononthetoolbarforyour
convenience.
Forgraphicalreports,youcanprintdirectlyfromCHEMCAD.Withaplot
displayed,selectFile>Print,orclickthePrintbuttononthetoolbar.Plotsaresetup
toprintinlandscape(horizontal)orientation,asthisisthebestfitforthehorizontal
plotlayout.
Process Flow Diagrams

CHEMCADprovideseasytousetoolsforcreatingprintedprocessflowdiagrams.
Youcanaddvarioustypesofdataboxestoaccompanyyourflowsheet,andthen
selectivelyviewandprintgroupsofitems,includingdataboxes.
Flowsheet Databoxes
CHEMCADoffersfourtypesofdataboxes:
StreamBox:Liststhestreamsthatyouselectinasingletable,alongwiththe
streampropertiesthatyouchoosetoinclude
UnitOpBox:GeneratesaseparatedataboxforeachselectedUnitOp
TPBox:Generatesseparatesummarydataboxesforselectedstreams
ExcelRangeBox:ReferencesarangeofcellsfromanExcelworksheet
Stream Boxes
Tocreateastreamdatabox,startbyselectingFormat>AddStreamBox.Fromthe
SelectStreamsdialogbox,followthesesteps:
1. Determinewhichstreamstoincludeinthedatabox,usingoneofthree
methods:
82
ChecktheAllstreamsboxtoincludeallstreamsonyourflowsheet,then
clickOK.
Typethenumbersofthestreamsyouwanttoincludeintotheboxes
provided,thenclickOK.
ChecktheSelectstreamsfromflowsheetbox,clickOK,andthenchoosethe
streamsyouwanttoincludebyclickingtheactualstreamlineswithyour
primarymousebutton.Streamnumbersthatyouselectwillappearinthe
SelectStreamsdialogbox;totoggleaselectedstreamoff,justclickit
OutputandReports
again.Whenyouveselectedallthestreamsyouwant,clickOKto
continue.
2. AnyoftheseselectionmethodswillbringyoutotheDataboxProperty
Optionsdialogbox.Here,youcanselectwhichstreampropertiesyouwant
toincludeonthestreamdatabox.Youcankeepthedefaultsettings,orturn
anycheckboxonorofftocustomizeyourdatabox.
Note:Theselectionsyoumakeherewillbethedefaultselectionsthenexttimeyou
createastreamdataboxforthissimulation.
InadditiontothemainGeneraltab,notetheCrude/Solidtab,whichyoucan
clicktoselectcrudeoilstreampropertiesorsolidstreamproperties.When
youveselectedthestreampropertiesyouwant,clickOKtocontinue.
3. IntheDataboxSettingsdialogbox,youcanchoosethefontstyleandsizefor
yourdataboxtext,aswellaswhethertoincludehorizontallinesorhorizontal
sectiondividersinthedatabox.ClickOKtoplacethedataboxonyour
workspace.
Aswithflowsheetelements,youcanmove,stretch,orresizeadataboxusing
yourmouse.
UnitOp Boxes
TheprocedureforcreatingUnitOpdataboxesissimilartothatusedtocreatestream
databoxes,withthechiefdifferencebeingthatthereisnoselectionofUnitOp
properties.
BeginbyselectingFormat>AddUnitOpBox,andtheneitherenterUnitOpIDs
orchecktheboxtoselectUnitOpsfromtheflowsheet.Notethatyoudonthavethe
optionofautomaticallyincludingallUnitOps,asyoudidwithstreams.
WhenyoucompleteyourselectionsandclickOK,theDataboxSettingsdialog
boxappears,withthesameformattingoptionsthatareavailableforstream
databoxes.Changeanysettingsyouwanthere,andthenclickOKtoplacethe
requesteddataboxesonyourworkspace.
Unlikeastreamdatabox,whichdisplaysdataformultipleitemsinasinglebox,a
UnitOpdataboxdisplaysdataonlyforasingleUnitOp.Ifyouselectedthree
UnitOpsintheUnitOpIDsdialogbox,youllseethreeseparatedataboxesappear
whenyouclickOK.Ifyouseeonlyonedataboxatfirst,trymovingthatboxto
anotherpartofthescreentoseeiftheothersarehiddenbehindit.
TP Boxes
CHEMCADcancreatedataboxes,calledTPboxes,whichdisplayanycombinationof
temperature,pressure,andflowrateforallstreamsorselectedstreamsona
flowsheet.
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OutputandReports
ToaddTPdataboxes,selectFormat>AddTPBox.IntheTPBoxSettingsdialog
box,firstselectanoptionatthetop,todeterminewhethertoaddTPboxesforall
streamsoronlyforthestreamsyouselect.
IntheDisplaycolumn,selectitemsfromthedropdownlistineachfieldto
determinewhichstreampropertiestodisplayandinwhatorder.UseNoselection
asappropriateifyouwanttodisplayfewerthanfourproperties.
IntheNumberformatcolumn,makeaselectionineachfieldtodeterminehow
numberswilldisplayintheTPboxes.IntheDigitscolumn,typethenumberof
digitstodisplayafterthedecimalpoint.Youcanalsochangethefontstyleandsize
fortheTPboxtext,andchoosewhethertodisplaystreamIDsandengineeringunits.
ThePreviewboxdisplaysadynamicsampleofhowtheitemsyouveselected
willappearintheTPboxes.Notethatthepreviewareadoesnotreflectchangesyou
maketothefontsize.
WhenyoufinishmakingyourselectionsintheTPBoxSettingsdialogbox,click
OK.IfyouvechosentomakeTPboxesforallstreams,theTPboxeswillappearon
theflowsheetrightaway.Ifyouveoptedtoselectthestreamsfromtheflowsheet,
youllseeaSelectStreamsdialogbox;typethestreamnumbers(oneperline)orclick
onthestreamlinesintheflowsheettoselectstreams,andthenclickOKtocreatethe
TPboxes.
Figure 8-07: TP boxes added to a simple flowsheet
Excel Range Boxes

AnExcelrangeboxdisplaysdynamicdatafromaspecifiedcellrangeinaspecified
Excelworksheet.TocreateanExcelrangebox,followthesesteps:
1. StartbyselectingFormat>AddExcelRange.ThisbringsuptheExcel
DataboxSettingsdialogbox.
2. ClickBrowsetonavigatetothefolderwheretheExcelworkbookresides,
thenhighlightthenameoftheworkbookyouwantandclickOpen.
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3. IntheWorksheetnamefield,typethenameoftherelevantworksheetwithin
theworkbookthatyouveindicated.
4. Inthecenterportionofthedialogbox,specifythestartingandending
columnandrowcoordinatesthatyouwanttoreferencewithintheselected
worksheet.
5. Inthelowerportionofthedialogbox,changeanyformattingsettingsas
desiredandthenclickOKtocreatethedatabox.
AnExcelrangeboxisadynamiclinkbetweenCHEMCADandtheExcel
worksheet.Asdataisupdatedandsavedintheselectedcellrange,therangeboxcan
automaticallyupdatetoreflectthosechanges.Toviewthemostuptodatedatain
yourExcelrangeboxesatanytime,selectView>RefreshDataBoxes.
Using the Layers Feature for Selective Viewing and Printing

WhenyoucreateasimulationinCHEMCAD,youcanbuildyourflowsheetacrossa
hugeworkspace,zoominginandoutasneededtoworkwithspecificareasofthe
flowsheet.Youcanalso,asdescribedabove,addanynumberofdataboxesto
provideaquickvisualreferenceforthedatabehindyourflowsheetobjects.Youcan
addtextlabels,drawcirclesarounditemsthatyouneedtoworkonfurtherin
short,therespracticallynoendtothevisualclutterthatcouldenduponyour
processflowdiagram.Butalloftheseelementsareusefultosomeone,andyou
certainlydontwanttospendyourtimerepeatedlyaddingorremovingvisual
elementsbeforeprintingorsharingaPFD.
CHEMCADssolutiontovisualelementoverloadisafeaturecalledLayers.A
layerisagroupofobjectsinasimulationfileanycombinationofdataboxes,drawn
shapes,textlabels,streams,andUnitOpsthatyoucanvieworhidewithasingle
click.Youdefineexactlywhichobjectsbelongtoalayer,andthentoggleeachlayer
eitheron(visible)oroff(hidden)usingtheCHEMCADExplorer.
Note:Turningoffalayerdoesnothingbeyondhidingtheassociatedobjectsfrom
view.HavingalayerhiddenevenifthatlayerincludesstreamsandUnitOps
doesnotinanywayaffectthewaythesimulationrunsoranystreamorUnitOp
properties.
Scenarios for Using Layers

Thefollowingareexamplesofsituationsinwhichyoucanuselayerstoenhance
yourprocessflowdiagrams:
Severaldifferentdepartmentsneedtoreviewyourprocessflowdiagram,but
eachdepartmentwantstoseedifferentdatahighlightedindataboxes.You
cancreateonesetofTPboxeslistingonlyflowrates,forexample,andthen
assignthemalltoalayer;thenhidethatlayerandcreateanewsetofTP
boxeslistingtemperatureandpressureonly.Assignthesedataboxestotheir
ownlayer,hideit,andcontinuewithstreamboxes,UnitOpboxes,or
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whateverotheritemsyouneed.Createasmanydifferentlayersasyoulike,
andeachtimeyougotoprintthediagram,viewonlythelayersthatyou
wanttoprint.
Youneedtoemailasimulationtodifferentrecipientswhowanttoview
differentdataboxes.Createsetsofdataboxesassignedtomultiplelayers,and
thenviewjustthelayersthatyouwantyourfirstrecipienttoseeupon
openingthefile.Saveandclosethesimulationbeforeattachingittoanemail
message.Openthesimulationagainforthenextrecipient,selectthelayers
youwantthatpersontosee,savethefile,andattachittoanotheremail
message.
Youhaveaverylargeflowsheetthatencompassesanumberofdiscrete
processes.Youcancreateseparatelayersforvariousportionsoftheoverall
flowsheet,andviewonlytheportionsyoureworkingwithatagiventime.
Youcanalsohideunneededportionsoftheflowsheetforprinting.
Ifyouaretroubleshootingaprocess,orforwhateverreasonneedtomark
upaprocessflowdiagram,youcandrawshapessuchasellipsesor
rectanglesaroundcertainUnitOpsorgroupsofUnitOps,usingtextorbright
colorstodrawextraattention.Thenassignallofthesemarkupitemstoa
singlelayersothatyoucanchoosetovieweitherthemarkedupversionor
thecleanversionoftheflowsheetatanytime.
Creating a New layer

Bydefault,allobjectsareassignedtoamasterlayer,whichisalwaysvisible.Before
youcanassignobjectstoanotherlayer,youmustfirstcreateanewlayertouse.The
mostconvenientwaytocreatealayeriswithintheCHEMCADExplorerpane.
IntheCHEMCADExplorer,findthetoplevelitemcalledLayers,rightclickit,
andselectNew.
Figure 8-08: Creating a new layer
IntheNewLayerdialogbox,replacethedefaultlayernamewithadescriptive
nameofyourownandthenclickOK.
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Figure 8-09: Naming the new layer
ThenewlayernowappearsundertheLayersiteminCHEMCADExplorer.If
necessary,clicktheplussignnexttoLayerstoviewthelayername.Youcanaddas
manylayersasyoulikeandviewthecompletelisthere.
Whenalayerisfirstcreated,itisvisiblebydefault.Alayersstatusasvisibleor
hiddenisindicatedinCHEMCADExplorerbytheiconthatdisplaysnexttoits
name.Avisiblelayershowsagreencheckmark,whileahiddenlayerisgrayin
color.
Figure 8-10: Visible and hidden layers as they appear in CHEMCAD Explorer
Assigning Objects to a Layer

Nowthatyouhavelayers,youcanassignitemstothem.Startbyclickinganobject
tohighlightit;thismightbeanythingfromastreamIDlabeltoaUnitOptoaTP
box.Whatevertypeofobjectitis,whenyouhighlightityoullseethefourblack
boxesthatdefineitsouteredges.Withtheobjectselected,rightclickthenameofthe
desiredlayerintheCHEMCADExplorerandchooseAddSelected.
Tosavetime,youcanaddmultipleobjectstoalayeratonce.Justholddownthe
[SHIFT]keyasyouclickeachobjectinturn,thenrightclickthelayernameand
chooseAddSelected.
Note:Ifyoulike,youcanassignoneormoreobjectstoalayeratthesametimeyou
createthelayer.Todothis,simplyclickthedesiredobject(usethe[SHIFT]click
methodformultipleobjects),thenrightclickLayers,selectNew,andassignthe
layeraname.Theselectedobjectsareautomaticallyassignedtothenewlayer.
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OutputandReports
Hiding and Viewing Layers

Assoonasyouveaddedatleastoneobjecttoalayer,youcantestthelayerby
hidingitandwatchingwhathappens.Tohidealayer,simplyclickthegreencheck
markediconnexttothatlayersname;theiconshouldchangetograyandallitems
assignedtothelayershoulddisappearfromview.
Atanytime,youcanhideorvieweachlayerinyoursimulationindependently.
TheiconsnexttothelayernamesintheCHEMCADExplorerprovideaconstant
reminderofwhichlayers,ifany,arecurrentlyhiddenfromview.
Eachtimeyouopenasimulationfile,CHEMCADdisplaysorhidesitslayers
accordingtothewaytheyweresetthelasttimeyousavedthesimulation.
Note:Itispossibleforanobjecttobeassignedtomorethanonelayer.Ifanobjectis
assignedtotwoormorelayers,however,itwillbedisplayedunlessallofits
associatedlayersarehidden.
Removing an Object from a Layer

Ifyounolongerwantaspecificobjectorgroupofobjectstobeassignedtoagiven
layer,youcanremovetheassignmentaseasilyasyoucreatedit.
Firstensurethatthelayerinquestionisvisible.Thenselectalltheobjectsthat
youwanttoremovefromthelayer,rightclickthelayernameinCHEMCAD
Explorer,andchooseRemoveSelected.Nowwhenyouhidethelayer,theobjector
objectsyouremovedshouldremaininview.
Deleting an Entire Layer

Ifforanyreasonyouwanttoremovealayerfromyourlist,simplyrightclickthe
layersnameinCHEMCADExplorerandselectDelete.Thelayerdisappearsfrom
thelist,andifthelayerwashiddenwhenyoudeletedit,theitemsassignedtoitnow
reappear.
Printing a Process Flow Diagram

WhenyouusethePrintcommandonthemainCHEMCADscreen,theresultisa
verbatimreproductionofyourvisibleworkspace.
Ifyourezoomedcloseintooneportionofyourflowsheetwhenyouprint,youll
getacloseupprintoutthatdoesnotincludetherestoftheflowsheet.Ifyouve
hiddenallofyourdataboxestokeepthemoutofyourwaywhileyoufixaproblem,
thosedataboxeswillnotappearontheprintout.IfthePalettepaneiscoveringupthe
productstreamscomingfromoneofyourUnitOps,thoseproductstreamswontbe
ontheprintouteither.
Forthisreason,thefirstthingyoushoulddowhenyourereadytoprinta
processflowdiagramistodecidewhatneedstobeincludedontheprintout.Ifyou
needtheentireflowsheettoappearontheprinteddiagram,selectView>Zoom
Options>ZoomtoFit,orzoommanuallyifyouprefer.Youmaywanttohideor
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OutputandReports
unpinoneormorepanesaswell,togiveyourselfmoreworkspacewhileyou
preparetoprint.
Next,considerwhetheryourprocessflowdiagramshoulddisplayajobbox,
UnitOporstreamdataboxes,textnotes,orotheritemsinadditiontotheflowsheet
itself.Ifyouhavealreadycreatedtheneededitems,makesurethattheyare
currentlyvisibleandplacedwhereyouwantthem.
Whenalloftheitemsyouwanttoprintarevisible,checkoncemoretoensure
thateverythingfallswithintheCHEMCADworkspace.ThenselectFile>Print,or
clickthePrintbuttononthetoolbar.ThisbringsupthePrintSetupdialogbox,
whereyoucanselectprintingoptionsorsimplyclickOKtoprinttheprocessflow
diagram.
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Chapter 9
Customizing CHEMCAD
AsyoubecomemorefamiliarwiththewaythatCHEMCADworksandthevarious
optionsandtoolsthatareavailable,youmayfindyourselfwishingthatyoucould
makeyourownadditionseitherforspecializeditemsorforthoseyouuse
frequently.YoucaninfactcustomizeCHEMCADinseveralwaysthatsaveyoutime
bystreamliningandsimplifyingyourworkflow.Theseinclude:
CreatingstreamandUnitOptemplates
AddingcustomcomponentstoCHEMCADscomponentdatabase
MakingyourownsymbolsandaddingthemtotheUnitOpspalette
BuildingcustomUnitOps
CreatingcustomdialogboxesforUnitOpsettings
Definingcustomthermophysicalrules
Thischapterdiscussesallofthesetypesofcustomization,startingwiththe
simplestproceduresandthenmovingontomorecomplexcustomizationsthat
requiresomeprogrammingexperience.
Flowsheet Templates
OneofthemosteffectivewaystosavetimewhencreatingCHEMCADsimulations
istomakeuseofstreamandUnitOptemplates.Atemplateissimplyasetof
characteristics,whichyouassignanameandsaveforlateruse.Whenyousetup
streamorUnitOpspecificationsthatyouknowyoullneedtorecreateinthefuture,
youcancreateatemplateofthatstreamorUnitOp.Youcanthenduplicatethatitem
withinthesamesimulationorinanyothersimulationwithjustafewmouse
clicks.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
Creating a Template
Tocreateastreamtemplate,firstcreatethestreamyouwanttocloneandgiveitall
ofthecharacteristicsyouwanttoincludeinthetemplate.
ThenfindthisstreamontheCHEMCADExplorersSimulationtab.Expandthe
Flowsheetitem,thenexpandtheStreamitem,andfinallydoubleclickthe
applicablestreamID.ThisbringsupanitemcalledSave.Doubleclicktheword
SavetobringuptheEnterTemplateNamedialogbox,thentypeanameforyour
newstreamtemplateandclickOK.Thenewstreamnameisnowlistedbeneaththe
Saveitem.
TocreateaUnitOptemplate,selecttheappropriateUnitOpIDinCHEMCAD
Explorer,andthenfollowthesameprocedureusedtocreateastreamtemplate.
Viewing a Templates Properties

Toseewhatspecificationsanexistingtemplateincludes,lookitupinthe
CHEMCADExplorer.ExpandtheTemplatesitem,thenexpandtheUnitOpsitem,
andfinallyexpandthenameoftherelevantUnitOptype.Forexample,ifyoure
lookingupatemplatethatyoucreatedforatypeofpumpthatyoufrequentlyuse,
expandthePumpitemintheCHEMCADExplorer.
Whenyoufindyourtemplate,simplyclickthetemplatenametoopenits
specificationsdialogbox.
Applying a Template
Toapplyastreamtemplate,firstexpandtheCHEMCADExploreritemforthe
streaminquestion,eitherbyclickingtheplussigntoitsleftorbydoubleclickingthe
streamname.
Whenthestreamitemisexpanded,youllseetheSaveitembelowit,followedby
thenamesofallthestreamtemplatesthatyouhavecreated.Doubleclickthename
ofthetemplateyouwanttouse,thenclickOKtoconfirmthatyouwanttoapply
thisstreamtemplate.
Renaming or Deleting a Template

Torenameatemplate,simplyfinditunderTemplatesinCHEMCADExplorer,
rightclickthetemplatename,andselectRename.TypethenewnameandclickOK.
ThischangesthetemplatenamethroughoutCHEMCADExplorer.
Theprocedurefordeletingatemplateissimilartorenamingatemplate.Again,
findthetemplateyouwantunderTemplates,rightclickitsname,andselectDelete.
ClickOKtoconfirmthatyouwanttodeletethistemplate.Thetemplatename
disappearsfromCHEMCADExplorer,butstreamsorUnitOpsthatwerespecified
usingthetemplatearenotaffectedinanyway.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
Note:AnystreamorUnitOptemplatethatyoucreateisavailableforusewithall
othersimulationsonthesameinstallationofCHEMCAD,untilandunlessyou
deletethetemplate.
Creating Custom Components

TheCHEMCADcomponentdatabaseplacesdetailedinformationaboutthousands
ofchemicalsatyourfingertips.Ifforanyreasonyoufindthatyouneedtousea
chemicalcomponentthatdoesnotmatchanyitemcurrentlyintheCHEMCAD
database,youcancreateyourowncomponentforusewithyoursimulations.
Youcancreateasinglecomponent,definearangeofpseudocomponents,or
importacomponentsphysicalpropertiesfromanexternalsource.Theseprocedures
havesimilaraims,butdiffersignificantlyfromoneanother.
Adding a Single Component

CreatingapurecomponentintheCHEMCADcomponentdatabaseisatwopart
task.Youmustfirstcreatethecomponentandthenregressdataintothecomponent.
Creating the Component

Tocreateanewcustomcomponent,youcanuseanyoffivedifferentestimation
methods:
Createahydrocarbonpseudocomponent.Thisistreatedlikeapure
componentinthatcertainaspectsofhowitbehavesorreactsareknown.
UsetheJoback/Lydersonmethod.Withthismethodyouindicatebasic
characteristics,andselectmoleculargroups(knownasJobackgroups,called
GroupAssignmentsinCHEMCAD)fromalist,toindicatehowmanyofeach
moleculargrouparepresentinthecomponent.
UsetheUNIFACmethod.ThismethodisidenticaltoJoback/Lyderson,
exceptthatthegrouplistismorespecializedtowardorganiccomponents.
Createacombustionsolid.Thismethodisusedtosimulatesolid
componentsforwhichanelementalanalysisandheatingvalueareknown,
e.g.,coal.
Createanelectrolytecomponent.Thismethodcreatesacomponentthatyou
cansubsequentlyuseinanelectrolytesimulation.
Theprocedureforcreatingapurecomponentisasfollows:
1. SelectThermophysical>ComponentDatabase>CreateNewComponent.
ThisbringsuptheNewComponentdialogbox.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-01: The New Component dialog box
2. Givethenewcomponentadescriptivename;itisstronglyrecommendedthat
youmakethisnameunique.Allothercharacteristicshereareoptional,except
fornormalboilingpoint,whichisrequiredforthepseudocomponent
method.
3. SelectaCorrelationoptiontoindicatewhichoftheabovemethodsyouwill
use,andclickOKtocontinue.
4. Intheresultingdialogbox,selecttheappropriateoptionsforyournew
componentandspecifyasmanycharacteristicsasyoulike,asaccuratelyas
possible.ClickOKtocontinue.
5. IntheSelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,youwillseenodatabaseslisted
ifthisisyourfirsttimetoaddacomponent.Ifthisisthecase,clickNewto
bringuptheManageComponentDatabasesdialogbox.
6. Normally,youllneedtoclickAddNew,whichbringsuptheSaveAsdialog
box.Navigatetothelocationyouwantforyourcustomcomponentdatabase,
givethedatabaseaname,andclickSave.Ifyouwanttoaddadatabasethat
someoneelsehascreated(generallyinanetworklocation),youcanclickUse
Existing,whichbringsupanOpendialogbox;navigatetothatdatabases
location,highlightthedatabase,andclickOpen.
7. TheManageComponentDatabasesdialogboxnowliststhedatabasethat
youcreatedorselected.ClickOKtocontinue.
8. IntheSelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,thenewdatabaseyouhavejust
namedisnowlisted;highlightitandclickOK.
9. TheView/EditComponentDatamenunowappears.Clickanyitemonthe
menutoaccessadialogboxwithoptionsfordefiningyournewcomponent.
Afterdefiningasmanycharacteristicsaspossible,clickExittoclosethe
menu.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
Thenewcomponentisnowavailabletoaddtoyourcurrentsimulationandall
futuresimulations.Toreturnatanytimetomakechangestoauserdefined
component,dooneofthefollowing:
SelectThermophysical>ComponentDatabase>View/EditComponentto
bringuptheSelectSingleComponentdialogbox,whichlistsallavailable
components.HighlightthecomponentyouwantinthelistandclickOKto
bringuptheView/EditComponentDatamenu.
ClickComponentListonthetoolbartobringupthelistofcomponentsinthe
currentsimulation.Doubleclickthecomponentyouwantinthelisttobring
uptheView/EditComponentDatamenu.
Regressing Data into the Component

Dataregressionistheprocessoffittingexperimentaldatapointstoapolynomial
equationform,sothattheindividualerrorofeachdatapointisminimized.
Dataregressionisonlyrelevanttotemperaturedependentpropertiessuchas
heatcapacity,density,andvaporpressure.CHEMCADusesthesepolynomial
equationfitstocalculatethepropertiesofacomponentatanygiventemperature.
Toregressdataintoacomponentthatyouhavecreated,followthesesteps:
1. SelectThermophysical>ComponentDatabase>ComponentProperty
Regression.ThisbringsuptheRegressComponentPropertiesmenu.
Figure 9-02: The Regress Component Properties menu
2. Clickthemenuitemthatcorrespondstothetypeofregressiondatayouwant
toenter.
3. IntheSelectSingleComponentdialogbox,selecttheuseraddedcomponent
thatyouwanttoregressandclickOK.
4. Intheresultingdialogbox,entertherequiredparameters(listedingreen
text)andanyotherparametersasappropriate,thenclickOK.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
5. Intheresultingdialogbox,enteryourexperimentaldatapointsinthecells
provided.YoucanenteravalueintheWeight_factorcolumntoweightthe
regressiontowardoneormoredatapoints.ClickOKtocontinue.
Note:YoucanpasteacontiguousrangeofcellsfromanExcelworksheetintothe
cellsinthisdialogbox.
6. Theregressiondataisdisplayedinatabularformatforreview.Whenyouare
readytoviewtheregressioncurve,closetheWordPadorExcelwindow.
7. Theregressionresultsnowdisplayingraphicalformat.Reviewtheplotand
decidewhethertheregressionadequatelyrepresentsyourexperimentaldata.
IntheApplyComponentChangesdialogbox,eitherchooseanoptionand
clickSaveorabandonyourregressionchangesbyclickingDontSave.
8. Repeatthisprocedureasneededtoregressotherpropertiesforyour
component,andthenclickExittoclosetheRegressComponentProperties
menu.
Pseudocomponent Range
Usingapseudocomponentcurveanothertermforthedistillationcurveportionofan
assayyoucancutahydrocarbonstreamintopseudocomponents,orfractions.A
pseudocomponentrepresentsagroupofcomponentsthatboilwithinanarrow
temperaturerange.PseudocomponentrangesareusedinCHEMCADtomodel
hydrocarbons.
Whenyoudefineapseudocomponentrangeforastream,CHEMCADcreates
entriesinthecomponentdatabaseforeachhydrocarboncut,andassignsthese
componentscompositionstothestream.
Note:Beforeyoudefineapseudocomponentrange,makesurethatyouhave
specifiedinyourcomponentlist,asappropriate,waterandanylightendsthatexist
intheassay.
1. SelectThermophysical>PseudocomponentCurves.
2. IntheDistCurveCharacterizationdialogbox,enterstreamnumber(s)and
clickOK.
3. IntheHydrocarbonCorrelationdialogbox,selecttheappropriate
correlationsforyourcurve,orusethedefaultselectionsandclickOK.
4. ThisbringsuptheCurveTemperatureCutRangesdialogbox.Foreachcut
rangethatyouwanttodefine,provideabeginningandendingtemperature,
andenterthenumberofpointsthatyouwanttodefineasdiscrete
pseudocomponentswithinthatrange.ClickOKtocontinue.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
5. IntheBulkPropertiesdialogbox,specifyadistillationcurvetypeandentera
totalflowrateandbulkgravityforthestream.Youcanmakeotherentries
hereasneeded,butonlythesethreeitemsarerequired.ClickOKtocontinue.
6. Intheresultingdialogbox,enterthedistillationcurvefromyourassay,
specifyingthevolumepercentageandboilingtemperatureforatleastfive
datapoints.ClickOKtocontinue.
7. Thenextdialogboxisoptional.Enteragravitycurvefromyourassay,
specifyingthevolumepercentageandgravityforatleastfivedatapoints.
ClickOKtocontinue.
8. Thenextdialogboxisalsooptional.Ifyouhavelightendsandwaterdefined
inyourassay,entervolumepercentagedatahereforallrelevantcomponents.
ClickOKtocontinue.
9. ThisbringsuptheEditDistillationCurvesmenu,showninFigure903.
Figure 9-03: The Edit Distillation Curves menu
10. ClickSaveandExit.Thisbringsupatabularlistingofpseudocomponent
properties.Youcanreviewandprinttheseresultsifyoulike,orsimplyclose
thedocumentdisplayingthemtoreturntotheCHEMCADworkspace.
11. Toseethelistofpseudocomponentsthatyouhavecreated,editthe
propertiesforthestreamyouselected.Thepseudocomponentswillbelisted
afterpurecomponents,withnamesthatbeginwithNBP.
Importing a Neutral File

Youcanalsoaddacomponenttothedatabasebyimportingitsphysicalproperties
fromanexternaldatasource.Thisprocedureisknownasneutralfileimport.
Fordetailedinformationaboutimportingandusinganeutralfile,seethe
CHEMCADHelpsystem.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
Creating a Custom Symbol

YoucancreateacustomsymbolinCHEMCAD,forusewitheitherabuiltinUnitOp
orauserdefinedUnitOp.ThetoolusedtocreatesymbolsiscalledtheCHEMCAD
SymbolEditor.
YoucanlaunchtheSymbolEditorineitheroftwoways:
WithinCHEMCAD,selectEdit>EditUnitOpSymbols.
FromWindows,selectStart>AllPrograms>Chemstations>Utilities>
SymbolEditor.
Oncetheeditorisopen,youllseeagriddedworkspaceandasmall,freefloating
toolpalette.
Figure 9-04: The Symbol Editors workspace and palette
Youcanbuildasymbolfromthegroundup,butthebestwaytolearntousethis
toolistoeditanexistingCHEMCADUnitOpsymbol.Todothat,followthesesteps:
1. SelectFile>OpenfromtheSymbolEditormenu.IntheOpendialogbox,
selectafilefromSymbolsdirectoryandclickOpen.Theselectedsymbol
opensintheSymbolEditorworkspace,asshowninFigure905.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-05: The pump_1.sym file open in the Symbol Editor workspace
2. SelectFile>SaveAsandsavethefileinadifferentdirectory,usinga
distinctivenametoavoidconfusionwiththeoriginalsymbol.
3. UsethetoolsavailableinSymbolEditortochangethesymbolasneeded:
Toremoveoralteranyexistingpartofthesymbol,selectStructure>
Ungrouptobreakthesymbolintoitsindividualcomponents.
Toaddgraphicalcomponentstothesymbol,usethedrawingtoolsonthe
toolpalette,suchasRectangleandEllipse.
Toaddatextlabeltothesymbol,usetheTexttool.
Toaddaninletoroutlet,clicktheappropriateitemonthetoolpalette
andthenclicktoplacetheinletoroutletonthesymbol.
Tobackoutofachangethatyouvemade,selectEdit>Undoorpress
[CTRLZ].
4. Whenyourereadytosavethesymbol,makesurethatyouhavedeletedany
unwanteditemsontheworkspace.SelectEdit>SelectAllorpress[CTRLA],
andthenselectStructure>Group.
5. SelectFile>Savetosavethechangestoyournewsymbol.
Tocreateatotallynewsymbol,simplystartfromablankworkspace,namethe
file,andusethevariousdrawingtoolstocreatethedesiredcombinationofshapes
andtext.Addinletsandoutletsasneeded,thengroupthesymbolscomponentsand
savethefile.
Onceyouvecreatedyournewsymbol,youneedtoassociateitwithaUnitOp
typeandthenadditintotheappropriateUnitOpsubpalette.
1. WithintheSymbolEditorprogram,selectFile>EditUnitOpType.The
SelectUnitOperationTypedialogboxappears.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-06: The Select Unit Operation Type dialog box
2. SelecttheappropriateUnitOptypeandclickOK.
3. ToassignthenewsymboltoaUnitOppalette,selectFile>Addto
CHEMCADPalette.
4. CloseandrestartCHEMCADtoseeyournewsymbolappearonthe
specifiedsubpalette.
Customized Costing Calculations

CHEMCADincludessomeverybasiccostingroutinestohelpdeterminethecapital
costofequipment.UsingasimplifiedformofCknownastheParserlanguage,you
maymodifytheseroutinestobettersuityourneeds.
CostingcalculationsaredefinedbyaprogramminglanguagecalledParser,the
syntaxforwhichisdocumentedintheCHEMCADCalculator/ParserModuleguide,
availableontheChemstationswebsite.
Creating Custom UnitOps

IfyouneedaUnitOpthatfallsoutsidetherangeofoptionsofferedontheAll
UnitOpspalette,youcancreateacustomUnitOp.Thegoalofcreatingacustom
UnitOpistohaveaunitwhereyoucanenteryourownequationstocalculateheat
andmassbalances.Overtheyears,CHEMCADusershavecreatedcustomUnitOps
forpurposesasdiverseasmembraneseparationunits,fuelcells,specializedsolids
handlingunits,andcrystallizersfortheseparationofxylenes.
FouritemsontheAllUnitOpspalettearededicatedtouserdefinedUnitOps.
YoucancreateacustomUnitOpusinganyofthefollowingfourways:
ExcelUnitOp:CreatedthroughacombinationoftheCOMinterfaceandtheData
Mapinterface
Calculator:CreatedusinganinlineCprogram
Useraddedmodule:CreatedusingVisualStudiooranotherC++compiler
VBAUnitOp:CreatedthroughtheVBAEditor,whichispartofCHEMCAD
ThebasicproceduresforcreatingcustomExcelUnitOpsarecoveredinChapter
10,DataInterfaces.CalculatorUnitOpsaredefinedbyaprogramminglanguage
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
calledParser,thesyntaxforwhichisdocumentedintheCHEMCADCalculator/Parser
Moduleguide,availableontheChemstationswebsite.
C++useraddedmodulesaredevelopedusingMicrosoftsVisualC++
developmenttool,thesametoolsthatwereusedinthecreationofCHEMCADsown
UnitOps.TheproceduresforcreatingC++useraddedmodulesforusewith
CHEMCADaredetailedintheUseraddedModulesGuide,whichisalsoavailableon
theChemstationswebsite.
VBAUnitOpsaredefinedbyVBAsubroutines,andaredescribedlaterinthis
chapter.
ThemethodyouchooseisanimportantfirststeptowardcreatingaUnitOp,but
thechoiceisalmostentirelyuptoyou.CalculatorUnitOpscanbequickandeasyto
setup,buttheycantdoeverythingtheothermethodscan.TheExcel/VisualBasic
approachisverypowerfulandusesthefamiliarVisualBasiclanguagefor
development.Adrawbacktothismethodisthatcalculationcansometimesbeslow
duetotheuseofMicrosoftExceltodothecalculations.Themostpowerfuland
fastestcalculatingmethodistheC++useraddedmodulemethod,butifyouarenew
toC++,itmaybechallengingtouse.VBAUnitOpsareaspowerfulasthosecreated
usingC++,andaremucheasiertobuild.
WhichevermethodyouusetoprogramthecalculationsofyourUnitOp,youwill
likelyneedtocreateadialogboxtoprovideauserinterface.Adialogboxenables
userstosendinformationintoyourUnitOp,forexamplethenumberofstagesfora
distillationUnitOp.NomatterwhatmethodyouusetoprogramyourUnitOp,you
willusetheDialogEditorprogramtocreatetheuserinterface.
Creating a Custom UnitOp Dialog Box

CHEMCADusesdialogboxestosetvariablesforalltypesofUnitOps.Usingthe
DialogEditorprogram,youcancreateacustomdialogboxforusewithanytypeof
useraddedunits.
YoucanalsoeditanexistingUnitOpsspecificationdialogboxforexampleto
addtextnotes,totranslatefromEnglishtoanotherlanguage,ortolimittheUnitOps
functionalityalthoughthisisnotcommonlydone.
TheDialogEditorprogramenablesyoutocreateandmodifydialogboxes,
whicharecontrolledbyfileswiththe.MYextension.Thesefiles,alongwith.MAP
filesand.LABfiles,definedialogboxesforuseinCHEMCAD.
TousetheDialogEditorprogram,youllneedagoodunderstandingof
Windows,alongwithabasicknowledgeofVisualProgrammingconceptssuchas
objectsandproperties.Youshouldalsohaveafirmunderstandingofsimulationin
CHEMCADbeforeventuringintoDialogEditor.
TheDialogEditorprogramisseparatefromCHEMCAD.Tolaunchit,select
Start>AllPrograms>Chemstations>Utilities>DialogEditor.
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-07: The Dialog Editor window showing an open dialog
AdetaileddescriptionofhowtousetheDialogEditorisavailableonthe
ChemstationswebsiteunderSupport>Manuals,aswellasontheCHEMCAD
installationCDROM.
Customizing Thermodynamics
Occasionally,youmayfindthatnoneofthethermodynamicmodelsbuiltinto
CHEMCADserveyourneedsforaparticularsimulation.Ifthisshouldhappen,you
cantakeoneoftwoapproachestohandlingthermodynamicsforthesimulation:
eithercreateyourownKvalueorenthalpymodelorcreateyourownmixingrule.
Creating a Custom K-value or Enthalpy Model

TheKvalueforanycomponentisaratiothatreflectstheamountofthatcomponent
presentinvaporandliquidphasesundergivenconditions.CHEMCADusesK
valuestocalculatevaporliquidequilibriuminstreamsandinUnitOps.
Anenthalpymodelcalculatestheheatcontentofasystemundergiven
conditions.EnthalpymodelsareusedtocalculatetheheatbalanceinCHEMCAD
simulations.
IfyouhaveaKvalueorenthalpymethodthatyoudliketouse,youcanwrite
C++codetointroduceyourmodelintotheCHEMCADsystem.TobuildacustomK
valueorenthalpymodelusingC++,navigatetothefollowingdirectorytofindand
opentheusradd.dswworkspace:
C:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\UserAddedModules\usradd
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CustomizingCHEMCAD
ThisworkspaceincludesexamplesofUnitOps,Kvalues,enthalpymodels,and
mixingrules.
AdetaileddescriptionofhowtocreatecustomKvaluesandenthalpymodelsis
availableontheChemstationswebsiteunderSupport>Manuals,aswellasonthe
CHEMCADinstallationCDROM.
WhenyouvesuccessfullyaddedacustomKvaluemethod,youcanselectiton
theKvalueModelstaboftheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,byusingthe
GlobalKvalueOptionsettingcalledADDK.
Figure 9-08: Selecting the ADDK K-value option
Afteraddingacustomenthalpymodel,youcanselectitontheEnthalpyModels
taboftheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,byusingtheGlobalEnthalpyOption
settingcalledADDH.
Figure 9-09: Selecting the ADDH enthalpy model
103
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Creating a Custom Mixing Rule

AmixingruledetermineshowCHEMCADcalculatesthepropertiesofamixer,
basedonthepropertiesofitspurecomponents.Youcancreatecustommixingrules
foranyoftheselectionslistedontheTransportPropertiestab,eitherusingVBAas
describedinthefollowingsectionorusingC++.
TobuildcustommixingrulesusingC++,navigatetothefollowingdirectoryto
findandopentheusradd.dswworkspace:
C:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\UserAddedModules\usradd
ThisworkspaceincludesexamplesofUnitOps,Kvalues,enthalpymodels,and
variousmixingrules.
AdetaileddescriptionofhowtocreatemixingrulesusingC++isavailableonthe
ChemstationswebsiteunderSupport>Manuals,aswellasontheCHEMCAD
installationCDROM.
Visual Basic Applications (VBA)

YoucancustomizeCHEMCADusingVisualBasicApplications,orVBA.The
CHEMCADExplorersVisualBasictabprovidesaccesstothefollowingtypesof
customizableitems:
Reactions
Properties
UnitOps
IfyouhavewrittencodeinVBAthatyouwouldliketomakeavailablein
CHEMCAD,youcaninsertthatcodeintooneofthetemplatesthatCHEMCAD
provides,oruseanyofthesetemplatesasastartingpointandlaunchaVBAeditor
fromwithinCHEMCAD.
Defining a Reaction, Mixing Rule, or UnitOp

Todefineacustomreaction,mixingrule,orUnitOpusingVBA,followthesesteps:
1. ClicktheVisualBasictabinCHEMCADExplorerandexpandtherelevant
item:Reactions,Properties,orUnitOps.
2. DoubleclicktherelevanttemplateitemtoopentheVBAeditor.
3. Copytheexistingsubroutineandpastethecodebelowtheexampleinthe
codewindow.Renamethenewsubroutinecopy.
4. Editthenewsubroutineasneededtoachievetheresultthatyouwant.
5. ReturntoCHEMCADbyeitheroftwomethods:
104
Use[ALTTAB]ortheWindowstaskbar,leavingtheVBAeditorwindow
open.
CustomizingCHEMCAD
ClicktheViewCHEMCADbuttonatthefarleftendoftheVBAeditors
toolbartoclosetheeditorwindow.
Note:Youcanalsousethe[ALTF11]keycombinationtotogglebetweenCHEMCAD
andtheVBAeditor.
6. SavethecurrentCHEMCADsimulation,thenexpandtherelevant
CHEMCADExploreritemagaintoseeyournewlydefinediteminthelist.
Using a VBA-defined Reaction

Onceyouhavedefinedanewreaction,youcanuseitforakineticorbatchreactor:
1. SelecttheBatchReactororKineticReactortoolandplaceareactoriconon
theflowsheet.AddandspecifystreamsforthisUnitOpasappropriate.
2. Doubleclicktheicontodefinereactorspecifications.Makethefollowing
selectiontouseyourVBAdefinedreaction.
Batchreactor:Afterspecifyingthereactorsinitialcharge,youllseethe
BatchReactorGeneralInformationdialogbox.OntheGeneraltab,select
thekineticrateexpressionoptioncalledDefineeachreaction.
Kineticreactor:OntheGeneralSpecificationstaboftheKineticReactor
dialogbox,selectthekineticrateexpressionoptioncalledDefineeach
reaction.
3. Foreachreactionthatyoudefine,youllenterdataintoaKineticDatadialog
box.ChoosetheKineticRateExpressionoptioncalledUserVBA.This
bringsupadropdownlisttotherightoftheKineticRateExpressionfield,
whereyoucanchooseauserdefinedreaction.Selecttheappropriateoption
foreachreactionthatyoudefineforthisUnitOp,andthenclickOKto
continuetothenextreaction.
Figure 9-10: Selecting a VBA-defined reaction in the Kinetic Data dialog box
105
CustomizingCHEMCAD
4. Whenyouhavedefinedthelastreaction,clickOKtoreturntothemain
CHEMCADwindow.
Using a VBA-defined Mixing Rule

Onceyouhavedefinedanewmixingrule,youcanincludeitinyourCHEMCAD
simulations:
1. SelectThermophysical>ThermodynamicSettings.
2. IntheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,dropdownthelistofoptionsfor
themixingrulethatyouusedasatemplateforyournewrule.Selectyour
rulefromthelist.
3. ClickOKtoreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Using a VBA-defined UnitOp

OnceyouhavedefinedanewVBAUnitOp,youcanincludeitinyourCHEMCAD
simulations:
1. SelecttheVisualBasicUnitOptoolandplaceaniconontheflowsheet.Add
streamsintoandoutoftheUnitOpasyounormallywould.
2. DoubleclicktheicontodefinetheUnitOpsspecifications.
3. IntheVisualBasicUnitOpdialogbox,dropdowntheFunctionlisttoseethe
availableVBAUnitOps.SelecttheoneyouwanttouseandclickOK.
Figure 9-11: Selecting a VBA UnitOp
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Chapter 10
Data Interfaces
CHEMCADenablesyoutoexchangedatawithotherprogramsthroughavarietyof
methods.Thissavestime,effort,andthepotentialforkeystrokeerroranddata
omissions.Insomecases,thesedatainterfacescanenableCHEMCADtolink
directlyintoyourplantinformationsystemstorunsimulationswithouthuman
intervention.
ThedatainterfacesthatCHEMCADusesareasfollows:
TheExcelDataMapinterface,whichcanlinkanyvalueinaCHEMCAD
simulationtoanycellinanExcelworksheet,orviceversa(notethatrunning
CHEMCADsimulationsfromExcelrequiresaCOMinterface,described
below)
TheVisualBasicApplicationinterface,whichenablesyoutobuildcustom
reactions,mixingrules,andUnitOps
TheOPCinterface,whichpermitsanyOPCClientapplicationtoaccess
valuesinaCHEMCADsimulation
COMinterfaces,whichallowanyCOMenabledprogram(suchasMATLAB)
toaccessandcontrolaCHEMCADsimulation
Excel Data Mapping

TheExcelDataMappingfeatureallowsyoutolink,retrieve,andinsertdatafroman
ExcelspreadsheetintoaCHEMCADsimulation.Italsoletsyouinsertdatafroma
CHEMCADsimulationintoanExcelspreadsheetwithjustafewclicks.The
integrationofCHEMCADandExcelisapowerfulandeasytousetoolthatsaves
youtimeandwork.
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DataInterfaces
WithExcelDataMapping,youcanquicklyandeasilygetthemostof
CHEMCAD/Excelintegration,evenifyouhavenoexperiencewithVisualBasicor
Excelprogramming.Infact,youcanuseandbenefitfromthisfeatureevenwithvery
littleknowledgeoftheExcelprogram.
TouseExcelDataMapping,youmustfirstcreateoneormoreDataMaps,and
thensetuprulesfortheexecutionofeachDataMapinuse.
Creating an Excel Data Map

ThetoolusedtocreateandeditDataMapsinCHEMCADistheExcelDataMap
Editor.ThistooldisplayswithintheCHEMCADworkspace,andresemblesanExcel
spreadsheet.IthasallyouneedtolinkstreamandUnitOpparameterstooneor
moreExcelspreadsheets.OneachExcelDataMap,youcanlinkupto500
parametersinasinglespreadsheet,andyoucanhaveuptotenDataMapsper
simulation.
TolinkyoursimulationtoanExcelspreadsheet,firstcreatethetargetExcel
workbook,makinganoteofthefilesname,itslocation,andthenameofthespecific
worksheettowhichyouwanttolink.Thenfollowthesestepstocreateanewdata
map:
1. OntheCHEMCADExplorer,expandtheDataMapsitemandthenclick
NewDataMap.AspreadsheetwillopenwithintheCHEMCADworkspace.
Figure 10-01: The Excel Data Map Editor
2. ClicktheBrowsebuttonandlocatethetargetworkbook.Selecttheworkbook
fileandclickOpen.
3. InthecellnexttoExcelWorksheetName,typethenameoftheworksheetto
whichyouwanttolinkyoursimulation.
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DataInterfaces
Note:Ifyouneedtoverifythenameoftheworksheet,youcanclicktheOpenbutton
tolaunchExcelandviewtheworkbook.
4. ClickthecellbelowMapRuletohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseeadrop
downlistofmappingoptions:
ToWorksheetOnlyenablesyoutosenddatafromstreamsorUnitOpsin
CHEMCADtotheselectedworksheet.
ToCCOnlyenablesyoutosenddatafromanycellontheworksheetto
theselectedstreamorUnitOpparameterinyoursimulation.
Fordatareconciliationenablesyoutomanipulatethedatausing CHEMCAD's
Data Reconciliation feature.
Figure 10-02: Selecting a Map Rule option in the Excel Data Map Editor
5. ClickthecellbelowCCObjTypetohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseea
dropdownlistofmappingoptions:
StreamenablesyoutolinkanExcelcellorcellrangetoastreamonthe
flowsheet.
UnitOpenablesyoutolinkanExcelcellorcellrangetoaUnitOponthe
flowsheet.
Miscenablesyoutochangedynamicflowsheetsettings.
6. ClickthecellbelowCCObjID.TypetheIDnumberofthestreamorUnitOp
towhichyouwanttolink.
7. ClickthecellbelowParIDtohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseeadrop
downlistofparametersfortheselectedUnitOporstream.Scrolldownand
selectanoptionfromthelist.
Note:WhenyouareimportingcelldataintoCHEMCAD,thelistofparameter
optionsislimited,asmanyvaluesinaCHEMCADsimulationarecalculatedbased
onothervalues.
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DataInterfaces
8. Ifyouchoseaparameterthatisrelatedtoaspecificcomponent(e.g.,Comp
Molefraction,oranyitemmarkedwithanarrow),youwillneedtospecifythe
component.ClickthecellbelowComponenttohighlightthatcell,andclick
againtoseeadropdownlistofavailablecomponents.Selectacomponent
fromthelist.
Figure 10-03: Component-specific parameters marked with arrows on the Par ID list
9. ClickthecellbelowWrkShtCell/Range.Typethecelladdressorcellrange
towhichyouwanttolink.Celladdressesshouldbeformattedwiththe
columnletterandrownumber,e.g.,A1orD17.Cellrangesshouldbe
formattedastwosuchaddresses(representingtherangesfirstandlast
values)separatedbyacolon,e.g.,A1:A12orB5:E20.
10. Ifyouare performing a datareconciliation,
youcanusethe
Weightcolumntogivecertainitemsinthereconciliationmoreimportance
thanothers.
11. Repeattheprocedureuntilyouhavespecifiedallofthecellsorcellranges
thatwilllinktoyoursimulation.
12. SavetheDataMapbyselectingFile>SaveAs.TypeanameforyourData
MapandthenclickOK.ThenewlycreatedDataMapnowappearsonthe
CHEMCADExplorerundertheDataMapsitem.
Figure 10-04: List of available Data Maps in CHEMCAD Explorer
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DataInterfaces
13. ToleavetheDataMapopenandreturntoyoursimulation,usethetabsatthe
bottomofthemainCHEMCADworkspace.ToclosetheDataMap,select
File>Close.
Data Map Execution Rules

AfterconfiguringoneormoreExcelDataMapsforasimulation,youmustsetup
executionrulestousethem.YoucanconfigureuptotenDataMapfilesper
simulation.
TosetupDataMapexecutionrules,followthesesteps:
1. OntheCHEMCADExplorer,expandtheDataMapsitemandthenclick
ExecutionRules.TheDataMapExecutionRulesdialogboxappears.
Figure 10-05: The dialog box for configuring execution rules
2. ClickthesquarebuttonnexttothefirstfieldintheSelectDataMapscolumn
tobringuptheSelectDataMapdialogbox.
Figure 10-06: Selecting a Data Map from the list
3. SelectthenameoftheDataMapforwhichyouwanttosetrules,andclick
OKtoreturntotheDataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox.Repeatthisstep
forallotherDataMapswhoserulesyouwanttosetupatthistime.
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DataInterfaces
4. IntheBeforeSimulationRunsfieldnexttoeachselectedDataMap,clickthe
dropdownlisttochooseanactionforthatDataMaptoperformbefore
calculationsbegin:
DoNothingperformsnoactionbeforethesimulationisrun.Youmight
usethisoptiontodisableaDataMaptemporarily.
ToWorkbooksendstherequesteddatatoExcelbeforerunningthe
simulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttopulldatafrom
inletstreamsorUnitOpspecifications.
ToCHEMCADsendstherequesteddatainExceltoCHEMCADbefore
runningthesimulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttofeed
datatoinletstreamsorUnitOpswithdatafromtheExcelworksheet.
5. IntheAfterSimulationRunsfieldnexttoeachselectedDataMap,clickthe
dropdownlisttochooseanactionforthatDataMaptoperformafter
calculationsarecomplete:
DoNothingperformsnoactionafteryoursimulationhasrun.Youmight
usethisoptiontodisableaDataMaptemporarily.
ToWorkbooksendstherequesteddatatoExcelafterrunningthe
simulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttosenddatafrom
streamsorcalculatedparametersofUnitOpstotheworkbookinExcel.
Figure 10-07: Three different Data Maps with rules set up
6. WhenyouhaveconfiguredalloftheDataMapsthatyouwanttouse,click
OKtosaveyourrulesandclosetheDataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox.
Youcannowrunthesimulation.IfyouopentheExcelfilesthatarelinkedtothe
simulation,youwillbeabletoseetheparametersofstreamsandUnitOpsrelatedto
theExcelDataMap.Youcanalsoperformyourowncalculationsintheworkbook
basedonthedatalinkedtoCHEMCAD.
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DataInterfaces
Creating Excel UnitOps

YoucanbuildanExcelspreadsheetthatfunctionsasaUnitOpwithinCHEMCAD.
ThisisusefulforextremelysimpleUnitOpssuchasmixersanddividers,orfor
simpleseparations.
1. StartbycreatingacustomdialogboxforyournewUnitOp,asdescribedin
Chapter9,CustomizingCHEMCAD.
2. Next,createanExcelspreadsheetcontainingyourdesiredcalculationsforthe
newUnitOp.
3. Openasimulation,selecttheExcelUnitOptoolontheAllUnitOpspalette,
andplaceaUnitOpiconontheworkspace.
4. DrawtheappropriatestreamsintoandoutoftheExcelUnitOp.
5. DoubleclicktheUnitOpicontoopentheExcelWorkBookUnitdialogbox.
6. OntheFilePathstab,usethetopBrowsebuttontospecifythelocationand
filenameofthecustomdialogboxthatyoucreated.UsethesecondBrowse
buttontospecifythelocationandfilenameoftheExcelworkbook.
7. NowyouneedtospecifyhowthisspreadsheetwilllinktoCHEMCAD.Click
theDataMapstabtolinkthespreadsheetusingoneormoreDataMaps,or
clicktheExcelMacrostabtolinkthespreadsheetusingtheCOMinterface.
OntheDataMapstab,specifytheexecutionrulesasdescribedearlierin
thischapter.
OntheExcelMacrostab,specifythenamesoftheExcelmacrosthatyou
haveprogrammedtousetheCOMinterface,intheorderthatyouwant
themtobecalculated.
8. ClickOKtoreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Specification Sheets
UsingtheinterfacewithMicrosoftExcel,CHEMCADallowsyoutooutput
simulationdatatoanExcelspreadsheetresemblingavendorspecificationsheet,as
discussedinChapter8,OutputandReports.Customizingthesespecsheetssavesyou
timebyoutputtingdataintheformatrequiredbyyourcompanyorvendor.
TocustomizethespecsheetforaspecificUnitOptype,editthecorresponding
Excelspreadsheetinthefollowingdirectory:
C:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\Program\templates
IftheUnitOptypeyouwantisnotrepresentedbytheExcelfilesinthisdirectory,
youcancopythegenericspecsheet.xlsfileanduseitasatemplateforanewUnitOp
spreadsheet.
Placethecopyinthesamedirectory,andmakeitsfilenamethestandardfour
characterabbreviationfortheUnitOptypeinquestion.Forexample,tocreateaspec
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DataInterfaces
sheettemplatefortheFlashUnitOp,youwouldneedtonamethefilecopyflas.xls.
SeetheCHEMCADHelpinformationaboutyourspecificUnitOpifyouneedtolook
upthisabbreviation.
Beforeyoucontinue,youwillneedtoturnofftheReadonlyattributeforthe
newspreadsheetfile.Thequickestwaytodothisistorightclickthefilewithinthe
WindowsExplorer,selectProperties,andthencleartheReadonlycheckboxinthe
Propertiesdialogbox.
OncethecopyisrenamedandtheReadonlyattributeisturnedoff,youcan
openthespreadsheetandedititasneeded.
Using CHEMCAD as an OPC Server

CHEMCADiscapableofsettingupanOPCserverwhichallowsdirectdatatransfer
betweenanyCHEMCADsimulationandanyOPCclientapplication.
OPCstandsforOLEforProcessControl.OPCprovidesastandardmethodfor
differentdevicesandapplicationstosharedata.UsingOPC,youcansharedata
betweenCHEMCADsimulationsandSCADAsystems,datahistorians,distributed
controlsystems(DCS),andhumanmachineinterfaces(HMIs).
Infact,theacronymOPCisnowconsideredbymanytomeanOpenness,
Productivity,Connectivity,becausethistechnologyformsthebasisforsharingand
manipulatingplantdata.
OPCenabledsystemsareclassifiedaseitherOPCserversorOPCclients.OPC
serversareeitherapplicationsordevicesthatprovidedata.OPCclientsare
interfacesthatuseandmanipulatethisdata.OPCclientscanconnecttomultiple
OPCserversatanytimeandreadandwritedatatoallofthem.
OPC Applications
OPCcanbeappliedasfollows:
Inferentialsensors:Sometimescalledsoftsensors,inferentialsensorsuseone
ormoremeasuredvariablestoestimateanothervariable.UsingCHEMCAD
simulationsanddatafromyourplantsDCS,youcanembedsimulationsto
providedatasuchasconcentrations,heatduty,andfoulingfactor,which
wouldnotnormallybeavailable.
Operatortraining:YoucancoupleanoperatorHMItoadynamicsimulation
tocreateatrainingsimulatorthatcanhelptrainoperatorsinasafeand
effectiveway.
OPC Compliance
ChemstationsisaMemberoftheOPCFoundation,anorganizationdevotedto
maintainingtheOPCstandards.CHEMCADhasbeencertifiedfor,andinterop
testedfor,OPCDAstandard2.05a.
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DataInterfaces
Enabling CHEMCAD as an OPC Server

ToenableOPCwithinCHEMCAD,selectTools>Options>Misc.Settings,then
checktheEnableOPCServerboxandclickOK.Whenyoudothis,CHEMCAD
registersanOPCservernamedCHEMCAD.SimulationServer.1onyourmachine.
Onceyouloadasimulation,allofthatsimulationsstreampropertiesand
UnitOpsettingsandvariablesareautomaticallypublishedastagstotheOPC
serversnamespace.
Everyvaluetaghasaunitstagassociatedwithit,whichshowstheengineering
unitsusedtoreportthevalue.Tochangetheengineeringunits,selectFormat>
EngineeringUnitswithinaCHEMCADsimulation.
WhentheOPCserverfeatureisenabled,CHEMCADautomaticallyregisters
itselfasanOPCserver.IfyouwanttounregisterCHEMCADandremoveitfromthe
listofOPCservers,youcanselectStart>Runandtypethefollowingcommand:
{program directory}\CC6.Exe unregister
Forexample,ifyourprogramdirectorywereC:\Program
Files\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\Program(thedefaultdirectory),youwouldtype
thefollowing:
C:\Program Files\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\Program\CC6.exe unregister
Reading and Writing Values to CHEMCAD Using OPC

YoucanuseOPCtohavevaluesreadfromorwrittentoasimulation,andtorunthe
simulation.Bothsteadystateanddynamicsimulationscanberuninthisway.
ValuesareupdatedtotheOPCserverwheneverCHEMCADcompletesasteady
staterunoradynamictimestep.Valuescanalsoberead;inthecaseofadynamic
simulation,readingvaluesbetweentimestepswillcausetheprogramtoextrapolate
fromthelastconvergedresults.
Valuescanbewrittenatanytime.IfCHEMCADisintheprocessofexecutinga
timesteporasteadystatesimulation,thevaluesareheldinabufferuntilthe
simulationisconverged,atwhichtimethevaluesarewrittentoCHEMCAD.
WhenvaluesarewrittentoaCHEMCADstream,thestreamisimmediately
reflashed,andallOPCtagsforthatstreamareupdated.
OPC Server Operations

InadditiontoreadingandwritingprocessdatatoCHEMCAD,itisusefultobeable
tosendcommandstoCHEMCAD,forexampletotellCHEMCADtostartorstop
runningasimulation.
ThisisdonewithaseriesofflagsintheCHEMCADgroupoftheOPCserver.To
useanyoftheseflags,writea1toflag.CHEMCADwillexecutethedesired
commandandreturnavalueindicatingsuccessorfailure.Areturnof0indicates
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DataInterfaces
thatthecommandhascompletedsuccessfully,whileanegativereturnindicatesa
problemofsomekind.
Theavailablecommandsareasfollows:
RefreshServertellsCHEMCADtorefreshalldatasenttotheOPCserver.
RunSteadyStaterunsasteadystatesimulation.Whenthesimulation
finishes,theflagwillbereseteitherto0(runconverged)ortoanegative
numberindicatingthenumberoferrorsthatoccurredduringtherun.To
viewtheerrormessagetext,youmustopentheCHEMCADinterface
directly.
Restoretoinitialstatereturnsadynamicsimulationtotimezero.Areturnof
0indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure.
RunDynamicstartsadynamicsimulation.Areturnof0indicatessuccess;a
valueof1indicatesfailure.
RunDynamicOneSteprunsasingletimestepofadynamicsimulation.A
returnof0indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure.
SetInitialStatesetsthecurrentprocessconditionsasthetimezero
conditions,overwritingtheprevioustimezeroconditions.Areturnof0
indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure.
StopSimulationstopsadynamicsimulation.Areturnof0indicatessuccess;
avalueof1indicatesfailure.
CHEMCAD OPC Namespace

AnOPCnamespacedefinesandorganizesalltheavailablecommandsanddata.
OPCnamespacesaredividedintogroups,eachofwhichcontainsitems.Itemsare
sometimesreferredtoastags.
Note:Mostofthedataitemsinasimulationhaveengineeringunitsassociatedwith
them.Inthesecases,weusuallydefinetwoseparatetags,onecontainingthedata
valueandtheothercontainingtheunitsstring.Allunitsstringsarereadonlyfrom
OPC.Theunitsstringsaregovernedbythesettingsinsidethesimulation.
ThegroupsinCHEMCADsOPCnamespaceareorganizedasfollows:
116
CHEMCAD.SimulationServer:ThisistheOPCservername.Byconvention,
thisnameisfollowedbyaversionnumber,e.g.,
CHEMCAD.SimulationServer.1,toindicatetheOPCServerversion.Thisis
theservernametowhichOPCclientswillconnect.
CHEMCADGroup:Thisgroupcontainsanyinformationthatisnot
dependentonastreamorUnitOp,andallcommandsusedtorun
CHEMCAD.
DataInterfaces
StreamsGroup:Thisgroupcontainsaseriesofsubgroups,oneforeach
streamontheflowsheetnumberedbystreamIDnumber.
UnitOperationsGroup:Thisgroupcontainsaseriesofsubgroups,onefor
eachunitoperationontheflowsheet,numberedbyUnitOpIDnumber.
COM Interfaces
ComponentObjectModel(COM)isaMicrosoftstandardplatformthatenables
programstosharecontentsuchasdataandcalculationroutines.Thisinterface
makesitpossibleforotherprogramstocontrolaCHEMCADsimulation.
CHEMCADactsasaCOMserver,soanyprogramthatcanactasaCOMclient
canbemadetointerfacewithCHEMCADinthisway.Ifyouarentcertainwhether
yourapplicationcanactasaCOMclient,checkwiththesoftwarevendor.
Note:UsingtheCOMinterfacetoCHEMCADisacomplicatedprocedurethat
requiressomeexperienceinprogramming.Ifyourorganizationlacksinhouse
expertiseinprogramming,considerbringinginathirdpartyresourcetoassistyou
withtheprocedure.
ThefollowingsectionisabriefwalkthroughofasimpleCOMinterfacebetween
ExcelandCHEMCAD.
Connecting Excel and CHEMCAD: A Simple COM Interface

WhileyoucanexportorimportdatavaluesusingExcelDataMap,more
complicatedinteractionssuchasrunningasimulationfromanotherprogram
requiretheextracontrolaffordedbytheCOMinterface.
Thefollowingisasimplifieddescriptionoftheprocedureforconnectingthese
twoprogramsandenablingExceltoloadasimulation,changeavalue,runthe
simulationagain,readthesamevalue,andthenclosethesimulation.
Inthisprocedure,youlluseExceltodothefollowing:
OpenCHEMCAD
ReadinvaluesfromCHEMCADintoanExcelworkbook
Changeavalueinthesimulation
Runthesimulation
ReadtherevisedvaluesbackintoExcel
Normally,usingCOMinterfacesinvolvessomeprogramming.Wehavecreated
anexamplecalledVBCLient.xlstohelpyouovercomethathurdle;youdontneedto
writeanycodeatalltousethistool.Evenifyouneedtowriteyourownprogram,
thecodeinthemacrosofVBClientwillcomeinhandyasaguide.
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DataInterfaces
Using the VBClient Example

FollowthesestepstousetheVBClientexample:
1. OpenExcelandloadtheworkbookcalledVBClient.xls.Thisworkbookhas
threeworksheets:
CommandcontainsbuttonsforcontrollingaCHEMCADsimulation.
Streamsdisplaysallstreamdatainthesimulation.Thissheetcanbeused
forbothinputandoutputofstreamvariablestotheCHEMCAD
simulation.
UnitOpsdisplaysallUnitOprelateddataforthesimulation.Thissheet
canbeusedforbothinputandoutputofUnitOpvariablestothe
CHEMCADsimulation.
2. OntheCommandsheet,youwillseeaseriesofbuttonstoloadCHEMCAD,
loadasimulation,readdatafromthesimulation,writedatabacktothe
simulation,andrunthesimulation.ClickLoadCHEMCADtostartan
instanceofCHEMCAD.
ClickLoadSimulationtoloadasimulationintoCHEMCAD.
MakeachangetothedatashownontheStreamsandUnitOpssheets.
Note:Somevaluesarereadonly.Forexample,VBClientdoesnotallowyouto
changeastreamstotalflowratedirectly;youmustinsteadchangethecomponent
flowratestomakeachangetothetotalflowrate.
3. ClickSaveDatatopushyourchangestotheCHEMCADsimulation.
4. ClickRunAlltorunthesimulation.
5. NotethechangestothedataontheStreamsandUnitOpssheets.
A Peek under the Hood

RightclickLoadCHEMCAD,selectAssignMacro,andthenclickEdit.TheVisual
BasiceditorinExcelopenstodisplaythecodebehindthebutton:
Sub LoadCC5()
' initialize global variables
selJobName = ""
selCaseName = ""
selUpdateStrUopData = False
selOK = False
Set CC5 = Nothing
' load CHEMCAD
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DataInterfaces
Set CC6 = CreateObject("CHEMCAD.VBServer")

If CC6 Is Nothing Then
Dim msg As String
msg = "Can not load CHEMCAD."
MsgBox msg
End If
End Sub
Themostimportantlineinthatwholesubroutineis:
Set CC6 = CreateObject("CHEMCAD.VBServer")
Inthatsingleline,ExcelloadsCHEMCADintomemory.
Loadingasimulationisaccomplishedwiththissimpleline:
retFlag = CC6.LoadJob(casePath)
Runningasimulationcanbeassimpleasthis:
retFlag = CC6.SSRunAllUnits
ThedocumentcalledCOMInterfaceReference.doc,availableonthe
Chemstationswebsite,providesafullreferenceofthecommandsavailablethrough
COM.
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CHEMCAD Tutorials
AlthoughthesimulationsstoredinyourExamplesdirectoryareusefulformany
scenarios,thebestwaytolearntouseCHEMCADistocreateandrunsimulations
yourself.Thetutorialsinthischapterwalkyouthroughbasicsimulationbuilding
stepbystep,usingarealisticexampleproblemthatwillhelpprepareyouforyour
ownsimulations.
Thefirsttutorialisforasimplesteadystatesimulation,whichisthenusedasthe
basisforthesecondtutorial,inwhichyoulllearntousetheCCTHERMmoduleto
rateaheatexchanger.Thethirdtutorialwalksyouthroughabatchdistillation
problemusingCCBATCH,andthefinaltutorialcoversvariousscenariosforpiping
systems.
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CC-STEADY STATE Tutorial

Thistutorialcreatesabasicsteadystatesimulationforacondensatestabilizerplant.
Inthisplant,gasentersthesystemwiththefeedconditionsshowninthefollowing
diagram:
Figure 11-01: Condenser stabilizer problem diagram
Yourjobistodeterminenewoperatingconditionsforthisexistingplant,along
withanynecessarymodifications.Thedesignrequirementsareasfollows:
Thecricondenthermdewpointoftheproductgasmustbe20Forless.A
cricondenthermdewpointisthehighesttemperaturefortwophase
coexistenceofamixture.Aslongasthestreamtemperaturestaysabovethe
cricondenthermdewpoint,thestreamcontentswillnotcondense.
Thestabilizedcondensatemusthavemaximumpropanecontentof1%.
Overview
RunningaflowsheetsimulationinCHEMCADisessentiallyaninestepprocedure:
1. Startanewsimulation.
3. Createaflowsheet.
4. Selectcomponents.
5. Selectthermodynamicsoptions.
6. Definethefeedstreams.
7. EnterUnitOpparameters.
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9. Reviewtheresultsandprintasneeded.
Thestepsdonothavetobeperformedinthisorder,nordoallofthemhavetobe
doneforeachflowsheet,butyoushouldconsiderallstepsforeachproblem.
Starting a New Simulation

Startbycreatinganewsimulationandgivingitaname.
Todothis,launchCHEMCADandthenSelectFile>SavetoopentheSaveAs
dialogbox.Navigatetothedirectorywhereyouwanttostorethesimulation(tryMy
Simulations,locatedunderMyDocuments)andgiveyoursimulationaname,
leavingthetypeasCHEMCAD6(*.cc6).ThenclickSavetocreatethefileandreturn
tothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Note:Insteadofsavingallchangesinstantly,CHEMCADnowsavesyoursimulation
onlywhenyouusetheSavecommand.Thisprovidesyouwithgreaterflexibility
andgivesyoumorecontroloveryoursimulations,butitalsomeansthatyoushould
saveyourworkfrequently.Thisisasoundpracticeforworkinginanysoftware
application,asitcanhelpyouavoidlosingworkintheeventofapowerproblemor
computerglitch.

SelectFormat>EngineeringUnitstoopentheEngineeringUnitSelectiondialog
box.
TheEnglishunitsoptionisthedefaultandiscurrentlyhighlighted.Tochangethe
engineeringunitssystem,youwouldclicktheAltSI,SI,orMetricbutton;youcould
thenchangeanyoftheindividualunitsaswell.Forthistutorial,youwilluseEnglish
units,soclickCanceltoexitthisdialogboxwithoutmakingchanges.

AsdescribedinChapter5,creatingaflowsheetisamatterofplacingUnitOpicons
onthescreen,connectingthemwithstreams,andthenaddingvariousgraphical
objectstoenhancethedrawing.
Placing UnitOps
1. Startyourflowsheetbyaddinganicontorepresenttheinitialfeedstream.In
theAllUnitOpspalette,findtheFeedicon,whichisanarrowpointingtothe
right.ClicktheFeedicon,thenclickintheworkspacewhereyouwantto
placethefeedstream.Whenthefeedstreamarrowappears,goaheadand
turnofftheFeeddrawingtoolbyrightclickinganyblankareaofthe
workspace.
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Note:AtanytimeafterdrawingafeedstreamoranyUnitOpicon,youcanclickthe
icontodisplaytheblacksizinghandlesateachcorner.Withtheiconselectedthis
way,youcanclicktheiconanddragittoanewlocation,orclickanysizinghandle
anddragitoutwardorinwardtoresizetheicon.
2. Nowplacethetwoheatexchangersontheflowsheet.OntheAllUnitOps
palette,pointtotheHeatExchangericonuntilitspopuplabelappears(see
Figure1102).
Figure 11-02: The pop-up label that identifies the UnitOp icon
3. ClickthelowerrightcorneroftheHeatExchangericon,ontheblacktriangle,
toopenthesubpalette.Selectthetwosidedheatexchangericonasshownin
Figure1103.Theiconthatyouclickedinthesubpalettenowappearsonthe
mainAllUnitOpspalettetorepresenttheHeatExchangerUnitOp.
Figure 11-03: Selecting the two-sided heat exchanger icon
4. Pointthemousecursoraboutaninchtotherightofthefeediconandclick.A
twosidedheatexchangericonappearsontheflowsheetwhereyouclicked.
Note:TheUnitOpIDlabelof1shouldappearinacirclenexttotheheatexchanger
icon.ForeachsubsequentUnitOpthatyoudraw,CHEMCADwillassignanordinal
numberinthisway,touniquelyidentifyeachpieceofequipmentontheflowsheet.
5. ReturntotheAllUnitOpspalette,andagainclicktheHeatExchangericons
blacktriangle.Toswitchfromthetwosidedmodeltoasinglesidedmodel,
youllneedtoselecttheappropriateicon(seeFigure1104)fromtheHeat
Exchangersubpalette.
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Figure 11-04: Switching to the single-sided heat exchanger icon
6. Againmovethecursortotheworkspace,thistimeaboutaninchtotheright
ofthefirstheatexchanger,andclickthemouse.Asinglesidedheat
exchangericonappearsontheflowsheetwhereyouclicked.Yourflowsheet
sofarshouldlooksomethinglikeFigure1105.
Figure 11-05: The flowsheet so far
7. AddtheFlashandValveUnitOpiconstoyourflowsheet,usingthestandard
icons.
8. Forthecondensatestabilizer,useadistillationcolumn.Multipledistillation
UnitOpsareavailable,butfornow,assumethatthemoduleyouwanttouse
istherigorousdistillationmodelcalledTower.YoullneedaTowericonwith
traysandareboilerbutnocondenser;thisisdifferentfromthedefaultTower
UnitOpicon.ClickthelowerrightcorneroftheTowericonsboxtoviewthe
subpalette,thenselecttheiconshowninFigure1106.
Figure 11-06: Selecting the appropriate Tower UnitOp icon
9. NowthatyouhaveselectedtheappropriateTowericon,addthisUnitOpto
theflowsheet.
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10. PlacethreeProducticonsontheflowsheet,oneforeachproductstream.You
canquicklyplacethreeidenticalicons,simplybyclickingrepeatedlyina
slightlydifferentlocation.WhenyouveclickedtocreatethethirdProduct
icon,rightclicktoturnofftheProductdrawingtool.
Drawing Streams
NowthatalloftheUnitOpsareinplace,selecttheStreamtoolandconnectthe
variousUnitOpsasappropriate.Rememberthateachstreammuststartatared
outletpointontheupstreamUnitOp,andendatablueinletpointonthe
downstreamUnitOp.
ToavoidhavingtoreselecttheStreamtooleachtime,makesurethatassoonas
youclicktocompleteonestream,youmovethecursortothenextlocationandclick
tostartthenextstream.
Drawstreamstoconnectthefollowing:
Feedstreamtofirstheatexchangersleftsideinlet
Firstheatexchangersrightsideoutlettosecondheatexchangersleftside
inlet
Secondheatexchangersrightsideoutlettoflashinletofyourchoice
Flashtopoutlettofirstheatexchangerstopinlet
Firstheatexchangersbottomoutlettonearestproducticon
Flashbottomoutlettovalveinlet
Valveoutlettotowerinletofyourchoice
Towertopoutlettonearestproducticon
Towerbottomreboileroutlettonearestproducticon
Asyoudrawstreams,CHEMCADassignsstreamIDs,justasitassignedUnitOp
IDswhenyoucreatedthoseitems.ThelabelsforstreamIDsaredisplayedin
squares,todistinguishthemfromtheUnitOpIDsdisplayedincircles.
Selecting Components
Nowyouneedtoidentifythecomponentstobeusedinthissimulation.Startby
selectingThermophysical>SelectComponents.ThisbringsuptheSelect
Componentsdialogbox,showninFigure1107.
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Figure 11-07: The Select Components dialog box
Forthisexample,youllchoosecomponentsfromthestandardCHEMCAD
database.IntheSelectComponentsdialogbox,findandaddeachneeded
component,beginningwithnitrogen:
1. IntheSearchbox,starttypingthewordnitrogen.
2. Assoonasyouvetypedni,youshouldsee46NitrogenN2highlightedin
theAvailableComponentsarea.Clicktherightarrowbuttontoaddnitrogento
yoursimulation.
3. UsethescrollbarintheAvailableComponentsareatoreturntothetopofthe
componentlist.
4. Holddownthe[CTRL]keyonyourkeyboardasyouclickeachofthe
followingcomponentsinturn:
Methane
Ethane
Propane
IButane
NButane
5. Clicktherightarrowbutton,locatedtotherightoftheAvailableComponents
area,toaddalloftheselectedcomponentstoyoursimulation.
6. Nowaddthefollowingcomponentsbydoubleclickingeachoneinturn:
IPentane
NPentane
10
NHexane
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-08: The completed Select Components dialog box
7. SaveyourcomponentselectionsbyclickingOK.
Selecting Thermodynamic Options

Assoonasyouhavefinishedcomponentselection,theThermodynamicsWizard
appears.Thistoolcansuggestthermodynamicsoptionstousewiththissimulation.
CHEMCADsThermodynamicsWizardworkslikethis:
1. First,itlooksatthecomponentlistanddecideswhatgeneraltypeofmodelis
required,i.e.,equationofstate,activitymodel,etc.
2. Second,itlooksattemperatureandpressurerangesthatyouprovideand
decideswhichequationwithinagivencategoryisbestatthelimitsofthose
ranges.
3. Ifthemethodisanactivitymodel,theprogramthenlooksattheBIP
databasetoseewhichmodelhasthemostdatasetsforthecurrentproblem.
ItthencalculatesthefractionalcompletenessoftheBIPmatrix.Ifthatfraction
isgreaterthantheBIPthresholdparameter,itusesthechosenactivity
method;ifnot,itusesUNIFAC.
TheThermodynamicsWizardisnoreplacementforengineeringjudgment.Thistool
usesanalgorithmbasedongeneralrules,andisthereforefallible.Thesuggested
modelmightnotalwaysbethebestmodelforthesystem.
Selectingthermodynamicoptionsbasicallymeansselectingamodelormethod
forcalculatingvaporliquid(orvaporliquidliquid)phaseequilibrium(calledtheK
valueoption)andselectingamethodormodelforcalculatingtheheatbalance(called
theenthalpyoption).Thecommandsfortheseselectionsarelocatedonthe
Thermophysicalmenu.
CHEMCADhasalibraryofdozensofKvaluemodelswithavarietyofoptions
andabout12enthalpymodels.Makingtheproperselectionfromtheselibrariescan
sometimesbedifficult.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttouse
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CHEMCADTutorials
thePengRobinsonmethodforboththeKvalueandenthalpycalculations.Follow
thesestepstoselectyourthermophysicaloptions:
1. AcceptthedefaulttemperatureandpressurerangesintheThermodynamics
WizardandclickOK.
2. ClickOKagaintoacceptthewizardssuggestedmethodofSRK.
3. WhentheThermodynamicSettingsdialogboxopens,findtheGlobalK
ValueOptionselection,intheupperleftcorneroftheKValueModelstab.
ThecurrentsettingisSRK,butforthepurposesofthetutorial,youllneedto
selectthePengRobinsonmodel.Clickthedownarrowattherightendofthe
selectionboxtoviewalonglistofKvaluechoices,thenclickPeng
Robinson.
Figure 11-09: The new K-value selection in the Thermodynamic Settings dialog box
4. NowclicktheEnthalpyModelstab.ThePengRobinsonmethodhasalready
beenenteredastheGlobalEnthalpyOptionsselection;thiswasdone
automaticallybecauseyouchosePengRobinsonasyourKvaluemethod.
Whileyoudohavetheoptiontooverridethischoice,inthiscaseyoullneed
tokeepthePengRobinsonmodel;leaveallsettingsastheyareandclickOK
toreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Forthepurposeofthistutorial,thethermodynamicselectionsarenowcomplete.
Note:WhileyouarenotrequiredtousetheThermodynamicsWizard,youshould
knowhowtouseit,ifonlyasastartingpointforyoursimulations.Youcanrevisit
thewizardatanytimebyselectingThermophysical>ThermodynamicsWizard.
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Defining the Feed Streams

Nowitstimetodefineyoursimulationsfeedstream.Thereareseveralwaysthat
youcandothis,butthequickestandmostefficientwaytodefineasinglestreamis
todoubleclickthestreamline.
Note:Beforeyouproceed,verifythatyourengineeringunitsaresettoEnglishinthe
EngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,asdescribedearlierinthistutorial.
Doubleclickthelineforstream1,yourfeedstream,tobringuptheEditStreams
dialogbox.
Figure 11-10: The Edit Streams dialog box
Youwillspecifythefeedstreamaccordingtothefollowingrules:
TheStreamNamefieldcandisplayastreamlabelofupto16alphanumeric
characters.Thisfieldisoptional,andyoucanuseanylabelyoulike.
ThenextfourfieldsTempF,Prespsia,VaporFraction,andEnthalpy
MMBtu/harethethermodynamicpropertiesofthestream.Accordingtothe
GibbsPhaseRule,onceamixturescompositionisgiven,specifyinganytwo
ofthesefourthermodynamicpropertieswilldefinetheothertwo.Assuch,
definingthecomposition,temperature,andpressureforamixtureuniquely
definesitsvaporfractionandenthalpy.Alternatively,definingthe
composition,pressure,andenthalpywilluniquelydefinethemixtures
temperatureandvaporfraction.
Sinceenthalpiesarecalculatedrelativetoadatum,thecalculationofany
givenstreamenthalpyisaninvolvedprocesswhichispronetoerrors.For
thisreason,CHEMCADdoesnotpermityoutoenterstreamenthalpyasa
constraint.
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Inadditiontodefiningthestreamscomposition,youmustdefineexactly
twoofthefollowingproperties:temperature,pressure,andvaporfraction.
Thetwovariablesthatyouspecifywilldisplayasredtext,whilethethird
variableandthevalueenthalpywillbedisplayedinblackwhenyouflashthe
stream.
Anexceptiontothisconventionallowsyoutoaddheatdutywithanempty
stream.Ifyouspecifyatotalcomponentflowrateofzero,youmayspecifya
temperature,pressure,andenthalpyrate.Astreamdefinedthiswayis
treatedasaheatduty,andisaddedtotheheatbalanceoftheunit.The
temperatureandpressurearearbitraryforthissituation.
TheTotalflowunitandCompunitfieldsworktogethertoprovideavariety
ofwaystodefinestreamcompositions.Iftheselectedcompunitismole,
mass,orvolumefraction(eithergloballyorlocally),thentheTotalflowunit
selectionisavailable.Iftheselectedcompunitisafloworamountoption,
thenthetotalflowratebecomesthesumofthecomponentflowrates,and
theTotalflowunitselectionisnotavailable.
IftheCompunitfieldselectionisanamountflowunit(asopposedtoa
fractionalunit),thenthecomponentflowratevaluesareautomaticallyadded
asyouenterthem.ThecurrentsumisdisplayedintheTotalflowfield.
YoucanclicktheFlashbuttonatanytimetoperformaflashcalculation
usingthecurrentlyspecifiedcompositionandthermodynamicproperties.
Thisenablesyoutoobtainflashcalculationsquicklyandwithoutleavingthe
dialogbox.
Fractionsthatdonotaddupto1.0areautomaticallynormalizedwhenyou
eitherclickFlashorexitthedialogbox.
Withtheserulesandbehaviorsinmind,enterthedataforyourfeedstream.
1. Beginwiththestreamtemperature.ClicktheTempFlabel,thenclickthe
emptyfieldtoitsright.Type75andthenpressthedownarrowkeyonyour
keyboardtocontinue.
2. Type200inthePrespsiafield,thenpressthedownarrowkeyseveraltimes
untilyouarriveattheNitrogenfield.
Note:Beforeyoucontinue,verifythattheCompunitfieldissettolbmol/h.
3. Type100.19intheNitrogenfield,andtheninsimilarfashion,typethe
followingnumbersinthecorrespondingfields:
Methane:4505.48
Ethane:514
Propane:214
IButane:19.2
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CHEMCADTutorials
NButane:18.18
IPentane:26.4
NPentane:14
NHexane:14
4. ClickOKtosavethisstreaminformationandreturntothemainCHEMCAD
workspace.
Enter UnitOp Parameters

Nowthatyouvespecifiedyourfeedstreamproperties,itstimetospecifythe
characteristicsofyourUnitOps.ThefollowingsectionsaddresseachUnitOpinturn.
Note:Aswithstreams,youcanenterUnitOpparametersinvariousways,butforthe
purposesofthistutorial,wellusethequickestandsimplestmethod,doubleclicking
eachUnitOptoaccessitsspecificationdialogbox.
First Heat Exchanger

1. Doubleclicktheflowsheeticonforthefirstheatexchanger.TheHeat
Exchangerdialogboxwillappear,asshowninFigure1111.
Figure 11-11: The Heat Exchanger dialog box
2. AswithmanytypesofUnitOps,thedialogboxforspecifyingaheat
exchangerconsistsofmultipletabbedpages.Youcanbrowsethroughthe
Specifications,Misc.Settings,andCostEstimationstabsbyclickingeach
tabinturn.
3. Thepressuredroponbothsidesofthisexchangeris5psi.Onthe
Specificationstab,findthePressureDropsarea,andenter5inboththeStream
1andStream4fields.
4. Thefirststreamoutletmustbeatitsdewpoint,soyoullneedtospecifyan
outletvaporpressureof1.InthefieldnexttoVaporfractionstream2,enter1.
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5. ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandclosethedialogbox.
Second Heat Exchanger

1. Doubleclicktheflowsheeticonforthesecondheatexchanger.TheSimple
HeatExchangerdialogboxwillappear.
2. Theoutlettemperaturefromthisheatexchangerwilldeterminehowmuchof
theliquidisremovedintheflashdrum.This,inturn,willdeterminethe
cricondenthermdewpointoftheproductgas.Therefore,thisspecificationis
oneofthekeyparametersofthisprocess.Asafirstattempt,useanoutlet
temperatureof5F.Enter5inthePressuredropfieldand5inthe
Temperatureofstream3field.
Figure 11-12: Setting up the second heat exchanger
Flash Drum
Inthissimulation,theflashdrumisavaporliquidseparatorandrequiresno
specification.
Valve
1. DoubleclickthevalveflowsheeticontobringuptheValvedialogbox.
2. Theoutletpressureforthisunitis125psia,soenter125intheOutletpressure
field.
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Stabilizer Tower
1. DoubleclickthetowericontoopentheTOWRDistillationColumndialog
box.NotethatthesettingsforthisUnitOparedividedintofivetabs.
2.
OntheGeneraltab,enterthefollowing:
Colmpressdrop:5
No.ofstages:12
Feedtrayforstream:1
3. ClicktheSpecificationstabtomakespecificationsforthecolumn.This
columnhasnocondenserorsidestreams,soyouwillonlybemaking
specificationsforthereboiler.DropdownthelistofoptionsforSelectreboiler
mode,andselectthemodecalled4Bottommoleflowrate.
4. Nowyouneedtospecifythenumericvalueofthereboilerflowrate.Inthe
Specificationfieldimmediatelytotherightofyourreboilermodeselection,
enteravalueof30.
5.
ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandreturntothemain
CHEMCADworkspace.
Allofthedataentryfortheflowsheetisnowcomplete.Beforeyoucontinue,you
shouldsaveyoursimulation.Asnotedearlier,itsagoodideatodothisperiodically
asyoubuildthesimulation,butcompletionofyourUnitOpspecificationsisa
particularlygoodtimetostopandsave.
Run the Simulation

Torunthesimulation,clicktheRunAllbuttononthetoolbar.
Theprogramfirstrechecksthedataandlistsanyerrorsandwarningsinthe
Messagespane.Inthiscase,youshouldhavenoerrors,althoughyouwillhave
warningsaboutestimatesyouhavenotgiven.Youcanignorethesewarningsand
proceedbyclickingYes.Thecalculationwillthenproceed.
Whentherunfinishes,amessageboxappears:Recyclecalculationhasconverged.
Toclosethisdialogboxandclearthescreen,clickOK.
Review the Results and Print as Needed

Beforerunningandprintingreportsandplots,youshouldreviewthesimulationto
verifywhetheritmeetsthedesigncriteriasetoutforthisproblem.
Checking the Cricondentherm Dewpoint

Ifyouhavechosentheproperoutlettemperatureforthesecondheatexchanger,the
cricondenthermdewpointfortheproductgasstream(stream5)willbe20Forless.
Thecricondenthermdewpoint,youwillrecall,isthehighestdewpointtemperaturea
mixturewilleverseeatanypressure.Thesimplestwaytoidentifythehighest
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dewpointtemperatureoftheproductgasistoplotallofthedewpointtemperatures
oftheproductgas,i.e.,toplotaphaseenvelope.
1. StartwiththePlotmenu,whichprovidesaccesstoalltypesofgraphical
reports.SelectPlot>PhaseEnvelopes.IntheSelectStreamsdialogbox,
specifystream5,thenclickOKtobringupthePhaseEnvelopedialogbox.
2. Noentriesarerequiredonthisscreensinceyouonlyneedtolookatthe
dewpointline,buttomaketheplotmoreinteresting,displaythe0.25andthe
0.5vaporfractionlinesinadditiontothenormalphaseenvelopeboundaries.
CompletethedialogboxasshowninFigure1113.
Figure 11-13: Plotting vapor fraction lines along with the cricondentherm dewpoint
3. ClickOKtocontinue.CHEMCADperformtherequiredflashcalculationsto
generatethespecifiedphaseenvelope.Phaseenveloperesultsareproduced
intwoformats:
Anumericaltabulation(table)ofthetemperature,pressure,vapor
fraction,vaporcompressibilityfactor,andtheliquidcompressibility
factor
Agraphicalplotoftemperatureandpressureforeachvaporfractionline
requested
Thetabularresultswillappearfirst;sinceyoureinterestedinthegraphical
results,closethewindowdisplayingthetable.Thescreenwillnowlook
similartoFigure1114.NotethatthemainCHEMCADbuttontoolbaris
largelyunavailablenow,andthemenuitemshavechanged.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-14: Phase envelope plot results
4. Todeterminewhetherthecricondenthermdewpointofstream5is20For
less,zoominonthefarrightportionofthedewpointcurve.Todothis,click
anddragwithyourmousetohighlightthatportionofthegraph
approximately400to1000psiand0to30F.Whenyoureleasethemouse
button,theselectedareawillfilltheentireplotwindow,givingyouaclose
upviewofspecificdatapoints.
Figure 11-15: Zoomed-in plot results
5. Asthisviewshows,thehighestdewpointofthismixtureisalittlelessthan
20F,sothecricondenthermdewpointisindeedwithinthetargetproduct
gasspecification.Rightclickthemouseanywhereintheplotwindowto
returntothefullplotview.
6. Toprintthephaseenvelopeplot,clickthePrintbuttonandthenfollowany
promptsfromyourprinter.
7. YoucanalsotrythefollowingtopracticeworkingwithplotsinCHEMCAD:
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Editthetextoftheplottitle(inthiscase,PhaseEnvelopeforStream5)orthe
graphaxislabelsbyselectingGraph>EditTitles.IntheChartTitles
CHEMCADTutorials
dialogbox,makeanydesiredchangesandthenclickOKtoviewthe
updatedchart.
SelectGraph>EdittoopentheChartExplorer,whichprovidesaccessto
settingsforcolor,size,layout,andvariousotheraspectsoftheplot
presentation.
8. ReturntothemainCHEMCADwindowbyselectingFile>Close.
Checking the Bottoms Stream Purity

Thisproblemalsorequiresthatthepercentofpropaneinstream9be1%.Youcan
checktoseeifyouveachievedthisspecificationbycheckingthestreamcomposition
reportavailableontheReportmenu.First,though,youllneedtosettheflowunits
forthestreamcomposition.
1. SelectReport>SetFlowUnitstobringuptheViewFlowRateUnitdialog
box.ClicktheMole%buttonandthenclickOKtoapplythisselectionand
closethedialogbox.
2. NowselectReport>StreamCompositions>SelectStreams.IntheSelect
Streamsdialogbox,enter9andthenclickOKtocontinue.
3. Theresultingtabulardatawindowshowsthatpropaneisgreaterthanthe1%
specification(seeFigure1116).Thismeansthattheinitialdesignistoo
conservative.Tocorrectthis,youcangobackandrespecifythecolumnto
produceprecisely1%propaneinthebottom.
Figure 11-16: Stream Composition report for stream 9
4. SelectFile>Exitinthetabulardatawindowtoreturntothemain
CHEMCADwindow.
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Re-running the Simulation

Youcannowrerunthestabilizer,specifyingthatyouwant1%propaneinthe
bottom.
1. DoubleclicktheTowerUnitOptobringuptheTOWRDistillationColumn
dialogboxforthestabilizer.
2. ClicktheSpecificationstab.Youneedtochangethereboilermodefrom4
Bottommoleflowratetoapurityspecification.ClicktheSelectreboilersmode
dropdownlistandselect6Bottomcomponentmolefraction.
3. Withthischangeofmode,youneedtospecifythedesiredpurityandthe
componentforwhichitisbeingspecified.IntheSpecificationfield,enter.01.
IntheComponentdropdownlist,select4Propane.
4. ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntothemainCHEMCAD
workspace.
5. Youcannowrerunthecalculationsforthecondensatestabilizer.Whileyou
couldaccomplishthisusingtheRunAllcommand,itsmoreefficienttore
runonlytheUnitOpthatyouhavechanged.Thequickestwaytodothisisto
rightclicktheUnitOpiconontheflowsheetandselectRunthisUnitOp.Run
theTowerUnitOpusingthismethod.
AssoonasyouseetheRunfinishedmessageinthebottomleftcornerofthe
CHEMCADwindow,youcancheckonthepropanecontentofthebottomstream.
YouvealreadyseenhowtogetadetailedStreamCompositionreport;youcanalso
usetheFlowsheetQuickviewfeaturetogetinstantstreaminformationwithouteven
clickingthemouse.
FindtheFlowsheetQuickviewbuttonatthefarrightendoftheCHEMCAD
toolbar.Ifthisbuttonisnotcurrentlyactivated(withathinoutlineandawhite
buttonbackground),clickthebuttontoturnonthisfeature.
Figure 11-17: Turning on the Flowsheet Quickview feature
WithFlowsheetQuickviewturnedon,pointyourmousecursoratstream9on
theflowsheet.Afteramoment,apopupinformationwindowappears,listing
streampropertiesincludingcomposition.Thevalueforpropaneshouldbe1orvery
closeto1,asshowninFigure1118.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-18: Checking the propane content of stream 9
Nowthatyouhaveachievedtheresultsthatyousetouttoproduce,savethe
simulation,usingeitherFile>SaveortheSavebuttononthetoolbar.
Producing a Text Report

TheReportmenuoffersabroadarrayoftextreports,asdescribedinChapter8,
OutputandReports.Forthepurposeofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttoview
andprintoutareportwiththefollowinginformation:
ForStreams1,5,8and9,thestreamcompositioninmassflowratesandmole
fractions,aswellasthedefaultstreamproperties
Theequipmentsummariesforeverypieceofequipmentintheflowsheet
Towertrayprofilesforthecondensatestabilizer
Becauseyouwantareportwithabroadrangeofinformationaboutyour
simulation,usetheConsolidatedReportoption.
1. SelectReport>ConsolidatedReporttobringuptheConsolidatedReport
menu.Fromhere,youcanspecifyexactlywhatyouwanttoincludeinyour
report.
2. Startbyspecifyingwhichstreamsyouwanttoinclude.ClickSelectStreams
toopentheSelectStreamsdialogbox.
3. ClicktheAllstreamsboxtoclearthedefaultcheckmark,thentypethe
numbers1,5,8,and9intostreamIDboxes.ClickOKtoreturntothe
ConsolidatedReportmenu.
4. NowselectwhichUnitOpsyouwanttoinclude.ClickSelectUnit
OperationstoopentheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox.
5. ThePrintallUnitOpsoptionisselectedbydefault.Inthiscase,youdowant
toincludeallUnitOpsinthereport,soverifythatthisboxischeckedand
thenclickOKtoreturntotheConsolidatedReportmenu.
6. ClickStreamPropertiestoopenthePropertyOptionsdialogbox.Here,you
canselectanycombinationofitemsontheGeneralandCrude/Solidtabsto
determinewhatstreampropertieswillbeincludedinthereport.Checked
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itemswillbeincludedbydefault;totoggleanyitemonoroff,simplyclick
thecorrespondingbox.
Forthepurposeofthistutorial,usethedefaultsettingsinthisdialogbox.
ClickCanceltoclosethedialogboxandreturntotheConsolidatedReport
menu.
7. ClickStreamFlowrate/CompositionstoopentheFlow/CompositionOptions
dialogbox.ClickthecheckedboxnexttoMoleflowratetoturnoffthis
defaultoption.Then,clicktheMassflowrateandMolefractionsboxesto
turnbothofthoseoptionson.ClickOKtosaveyoursettingsandreturnto
theConsolidatedReportmenu.
8. Finally,specifywhichinformationtoprintforthecondensatestabilizer
distillationcolumnbyclickingDistillationSummaries.IntheDistillation
Optionsdialogbox,theinformationyourelookingtoprintTrayprofileis
alreadyselected.ClickOKtoreturnforthelasttimetotheConsolidated
Reportmenu.
9. Togeneratethereport,clickCalculateandGiveResults.Thereportdisplays
inaseparatewindow,withaformatsuitableforprinting.Youcanedit,save,
andprintthereportasneeded.
10. Whenyoufinishreviewingandworkingwiththereport,closethereport
windowtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Generating a Process Flow Diagram

Asyouknow,thestreamsandUnitOpsonaflowsheetonlytellpartofthestoryof
yourprocess.Fortunately,CHEMCADprovidesmanyfeaturestohelpyouaddthe
extracontentneededtoturnaplainflowsheetintoafullfledgedprocessflow
diagram(PFD)forotherstoreviewanduse.
ToprepareyourfinishedsimulationtobeprintedasaPFD,youlladdastream
databoxcontainingtheheatandmaterialbalancefortheentireflowsheet.Youll
placethatdataboxunderneaththeflowsheetdiagramandthenaddatitletothearea
abovetheflowsheet.Finally,youwillcreateanewlayerinthissimulationand
assignthePFDspecificitemstothatlayer,sothatyoucanhidethemfromview
whenworkinganddisplaythemagainquicklyforprinting.
FollowthesestepstoprepareandprintthePFD:
1. Startbyzoomingouttogiveyourselfmoreworkspace.Ifyouuseamouse
thatisequippedwithascrollwheelbetweenthemousebuttons,youcan
pointatthecenterofyourflowsheetandrollthescrollwheeldownafew
clickstozoomout.Ifyoudonthaveascrollwheel,youcanselectView>
ZoomOptions>Out.
2. Nowplacethedataboxcontainingtheheatandmaterialbalanceforthis
flowsheet.SelectFormat>AddStreamBoxtobringuptheSelectStreams
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dialogbox.Becauseyouwanttoincludeallstreams,leavethesettingsthe
waytheyareandclickOKtocontinue.
3. IntheDataboxPropertyOptionsdialogbox,reviewthedefaultselections,
indicatedbycheckedboxes.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,leavethe
selectionsastheyareandclickOKtocontinue.
4. IntheDataboxSettingsdialogbox,youcancontrolthefontstyleandsizeof
thedataboxtext,aswellastheuseofdividinglineswithinthebox.Accept
thedefaultsettingshereandclickOK.
5. ThestreamdataboxappearsintheupperleftcorneroftheCHEMCAD
workspace,butyouwanttoplaceitbelowtheflowsheet.Thedataboxis
alreadyselected,sopointyourmousecursoranywhereinsidetheboxand
thenclickanddragtorepositionit.Movethedataboxuntilitiscentered
belowtheflowsheetdiagram.
Note:Youcanalsoresizeadataboxbyselectingtheboxandthenclickingand
dragginganyofthesizinghandlesatthecorners.Dragintomakethedatabox
smaller,orouttomakeitlarger;noticethatthetextadjustsinsizetofitthebox.
6. NowplaceatitleonthePFDtodescribetheprocess.IntheAllUnitOpsor
DrawingSymbolspalette,findandselecttheTexttool.
7. Movethecursortoapointsomewhereabovetheflowsheetandclickthe
primarymousebutton.Averticalinsertionpointlinebeginstoblinkwhere
youhaveclicked.TypethewordsCondensateStabilizerPFDandthenclick
anyblankspotontheCHEMCADworkspace.
8. Tomakethistextlarger,selectFormat>Font.IntheFontdialogbox,change
theSizesettingto18andthenclickOK.
9. Clickanddragthenewheadingtocenteritabovetheflowsheetdiagram.
10. Finally,setupalayerforyourstreamdataboxandtitlesothatyoucan
displayorhidetheseitemsasasingleunit.AtthebottomoftheCHEMCAD
Explorerpane,clicktheSimulationtab,thenrightclicktheLayersitemand
selectNew.
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Figure 11-19: Creating a new layer using the CHEMCAD Explorer
11. IntheNewLayerdialogbox,typeanameforthenewlayer.Forthis
example,namethelayerPFDElements,thenclickOKtocreatethelayer.
12. NowaddthetwoPFDelementstothelayer.Clickthetitlethatyouplaced
abovetheflowsheet,thenholddownthe[SHIFT]keyandclickinsidethe
streamdataboxthatyouplacedbelowtheflowsheet.Bothitemsshouldnow
beselected,withsmallblackboxesvisibleineachcorner.
13. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,doubleclicktheLayersitemtoexpandit,
thenrightclickonyournewlycreatedPFDElementslayerandclickAdd
Selected.
Figure 11-20: Adding selected items to your new layer
14. ThetitleandstreamdataboxarenowpartofthePFDElementslayer.This
layerisvisible,asindicatedbythegreencheckmarkonitsicon.Clickthis
iconorthenamePFDElementstotogglethelayeroff,causingthetitleand
streamdataboxtodisappear;thenclickagaintomakethemvisible.
15. WiththePFDelementsvisible,selectView>ZoomOptions>ZoomtoFit.
ThiscustomfitstheentirePFDtotheavailableworkspaceforoptimal
printing.Toprint,youcaneitherselectFile>PrintorclickthePrintbutton
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onthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.Followthepromptsforyourprinterto
completetheprintingprocess.
16. TocloseCHEMCAD,selectFile>Close,orclicktheClosebuttoninthe
upperrightcorneroftheCHEMCADwindow.ClickYesatthemessage
askingwhetheryouwanttoexitCHEMCAD,thenclickYesagaintosave
changestothesimulation.
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CC-THERM Tutorial
Thistutorialwalksyouthroughtheratingofaheatexchanger.Theexampleyoull
workwithisthecondensatestabilizerexampledescribedintheCCSTEADYSTATE
tutorial,whichlookslikethis:
WhileitsrecommendedthatanewCHEMCADuserbuildthissimulationfrom
thegrounduptogainproficiencywiththesoftware,areadymadeexamplecalled
CHEMCADTutorial.CC6isalsoavailable.Thisfileislocatedbydefaultinthe
directorycalledMyDocuments\MySimulations\Examples\Tutorials.
Yourobjectiveistoratethefirstheatexchangerinthisflowsheet.Theequipment
youreworkingwithisacountercurrentgas/gasheatexchangerwiththefollowing
geometryanddimensions:
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TEMAclass=R
TEMAtype=BEM
Foulingfactors=0.001bothsides
Shellinsidediameter=27
Numberoftubes=646
Tubeoutsidediameter=0.75
Tubewallthickness=0.065
Tubelength=20
Tubepattern=rotatedtriangular(60)
Tubepitch=0.9375
Baffles:10,equallyspaced
Baffletype=singlesegmental
Bafflecut=35%(diameter)
Impingementplatepresent
Shellsidenozzles=one,12
CHEMCADTutorials
Tubesidenozzles=one,12
BaffletoshellI.D.clearance=0.3125(diameter)
ShellI.D.toOTLclearance=0.35433(diameter)
Tubetobaffleholeclearance=0.035(diameter)
Spaceattopofbundle=2.8
Carbonsteeltubes;allothermaterialsA285C
5rowspersealingstrip
Overview of the Heat Exchanger Sizing Process

TheCCTHERMmoduleenablesyoutogenerateheatcurvesandspecifyheat
exchangers.Thisprocessinvolvesthefollowingsteps:
1. Identifythetubesidestream.
2. Generateandfinalizetheheatcurveandpropertiesonbothsidesofthe
exchanger.
3. Definegeneralinformationabouttheexchanger.
4. Specifyanydesiredtubedata.
5. Specifyanydesiredshelldata.
6. Specifyanydesiredbaffledata.
7. Specifyanydesirednozzledata.
8. Specifyanydesiredspecificclearances.
9. Specifythematerialsusedintheconstructionoftheheatexchanger.
10. Specifyanydesiredmiscellaneousdata.
11. Runthesizingcalculations.
12. Reviewresultsandcreateplotsasneeded.
Identify the Tube-side Stream

OncethesimulationiscompleteinCCSTEADYSTATE,youcanstartsizingthefirst
heatexchangerbyidentifyingthetubesidestream:
1. ClickonthefirstheatexchangericonandthenselectSizing>Heat
Exchangers>Shell&Tube.
2. Amessageboxpromptsyoutoselectastreamenteringtheexchangerstube
side.ClickOKtocontinue.
3. AttheSelectStreamsdialogbox,eithertype1orclickstream1onthe
flowsheet,thenclickOK.
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4. CCTHERMdisplaysdataforallfourstreamsaroundtheexchangerina
separatereportwindow.Revieworprintthedataasneededandthenclose
thereportwindow.
Generate the Heat Curve

Oncethetubesidestreamisidentified,CCTHERMpromptsyouthroughthesetup
oftheheatcurve.TheHeatCurveParametersdialogboxdisplaysassoonasyou
closethereportfromthepreviousstep.
Figure 11-21: The Heat Curve Parameters dialog box
Toaccountforthechangeinphysicalpropertiesacrosstheheatexchanger,CC
THERMdividestheanalysisintozones.Thesezonesarethermodynamicsegments
basedonequaltemperaturechangesorequalenthalpyincrements.Therearetwo
optionstochoosefrom:
Equalenthalpy:Incrementsofequalenthalpychange
Bubbledewpoint:Incrementsofequalenthalpychangebetweenthedew
andbubblepoints,withseparatezonesforsuperheatingandsubcoolingif
present
Thedefaultsettingisthebubbledewpointoption.Foreithersegmentation
method,youcanalsodecidehowmanyzonestocalculatefortheexchanger.The
morezonesyouspecify,themoreaccuratethecalculationswillbe,butcalculations
willalsobeslower.Theindustrystandardis10zones(11points),whichisthe
defaultentryhere,butyoucanselectanynumberbymakinganentryinthe
Numberofcuttingpointsfield.Bearinmindthatthenumberofpointsequalsthe
numberofzonesplusone.
Forthistutorial,leaveallthedefaultsettingsandclickOKtocontinue.CC
THERMcalculatesthe11pointsneededfortheheatcurveanddisplaysaplotlike
theoneshowninFigure1122.
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Figure 11-22: Heat curve plot for first heat exchanger
Thisplotenablesyoutoinspectthecalculatedheatcurveforanyobvious
problemsinthesetupoftheanalysis.ClickOKtoclosethiswindowandcontinue.
Define General Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledGeneralSpecifications.Here,youcanprovide
basicinformationgoverningheatexchangercalculations,suchasprocesstype,
allowablepressuredrop,foulingfactor,TEMAclassandtype,andsoforth.
Thisdialogboxhastwotabs,andmostofthefieldsonbothtabshavedefault
settings.ThetabthatinitiallydisplaysiscalledGeneralInformation,anditincludes
thefollowingsettings:
Calculationmode:Thisentrydetermineswhetheryouaredesigningor
ratingaheatexchanger.UsethedefaultsettingofRating.
TEMAclass/standard:ThisentryspecifiestheexchangersTEMAclass,
whichisprimarilyafunctionofitsmechanicaldetails.Usethedefaultsetting
ofTEMAR.
Orientation:Thisentryspecifieswhethertheexchangerismounted
horizontallyorvertically.UsethedefaultsettingofHorizontal.
TEMAfrontendhead,TEMAshelltype,andTEMArearendhead:To
establishthebasicconfigurationoftheexchanger,youmustdefinethese
characteristicsoftheexchangeraccordingtoTEMAdesignations.The
simplestandmostcommonkindofexchangerisafixedtubesheet,orBEM,
TEMAtype.SelectBBonnetforthefronthead,EOnePassfortheshell
type,andMFixedTubesheet(Bhead)fortherearhead.
Processtype:Insomecases,youmustidentifytheprocesstype,forexample
inthecaseofpoolboilingorfallingfilmcondensation.Inthiscase,usethe
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defaultselectionofSensibleFlowforbothtubesideandshellside,asthere
isnophasechangeoneithersideoftheexchanger.
FoulingfactorToallowforfoulingontheinsideandoutsideofthetube,
youcanenterfoulingfactors.Usethedefaultsettingof0.001(Englishunits)
onbothsides.
OntheModelingMethodstab,youcanselecttheformulastobeusedincertain
aspectsoftheheatexchangercalculations.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,usethe
programsdefaultselections.ClickOKtocontinue.
Set Tube Specifications

TheTubeSpecificationsdialogboxnowappears,populatedwithdefaultentriesin
allfields.
Figure 11-23: The Tube Specifications dialog box
Enter646intheNumberoftubesfieldandclickOKtocontinue.
Set Shell Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledShellSpecifications.
Figure 11-24: The Shell Specifications dialog box
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Theonlyvaluethatyouneedtospecifyhereistheshelldiameter.Unlessyou
checktheUsestandardpipeasshellbox,CCTHERMassumesthatthevalue
enteredhereistheactualshellinsidediameter.Type2.25(theequivalentinfeetto
27)intheShelldiameterfieldandthenclickOKtocontinue.
Note: TheCHEMCADsuitehasahandybuiltinconversionfeaturethatcanhelp
wheninputfieldsrequireadifferentunitofmeasurethanthedatayouhave.Place
yourcursorinanynumericdataentryfield,andthenpress[F6]tobringupadialog
boxthatoffersconversionunitsrelevanttotheselectedfield.Typethevalueyou
haveintheappropriatefieldandpress[ENTER]toconverttootherunits.Verifythe
resultsoftheconversionandthenclickOK.CHEMCADautomaticallyselectsthe
appropriateunitsforthefieldandentersthatconvertedvalue.
Set Baffle Specifications

TheBaffleSpecificationsdialogboxdisplaysnext.
Figure 11-25: The Baffle Specifications dialog box
Mostofthedefaultentrieshereareappropriateforthisexample;youdo,
however,needtospecifythebafflespacingandbafflecut.
Baffle Spacing
Allthatyouknowforthepurposesofbafflespacingisthatthereare10baffles
equallyspaced.Eraseanydefaultvaluesforspacingandenter10intheNumberof
bafflesfield.CCTHERMwillcalculateequalspacingforthebaffles.
Baffle Cut Percent

Thebafflecutpercentcanbebasedeitherondiameteroronarea.TheBasisofcut
fieldidentifiesthebasisforthespecifiedcut;usethedefaultsettingofDiameter,and
enter35intheBafflecutpercentfield.ClickOKtocontinue.
Set Nozzle Specifications

TheNozzleSpecificationsdialogboxnowappears.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-26: The Nozzle Specifications dialog box
Thedefaultentriesareacceptableforthisexample,soyouonlyneedtoenterthe
insidediameterfortheinletandoutletnozzlesonboththetubeandshellsides.All
ofthesenozzleshave1internaldiameters.
Enter1ineachofthefourfieldsatthetopofthedialogbox,thenclickOKto
continue.
Set Clearance Specifications

YouwillnowseetheClearanceSpecificationsdialogbox.
Figure 11-27: The Clearance Specifications dialog box
CCTHERMalwaysdefaultstoTEMAclearances,sonormallynoentryis
requiredinthisdialogbox.Inthiscase,theclearancesareknown,soyoushould
enterthemintheeventtheydonotconformexactlytoTEMA.Youcanusethe[F6]
featurenotedearlierinthistutorialtoconvertthegivenclearancesfrominchesto
feet.
Also,becausethereisanimpingementplate,youneedtoenterthespaceatthe
topofthebundle.Type0.233333intheSpaceatTopofBundlefieldandthenclick
OKtocontinue.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Set Material Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledMaterialSpecifications.
Figure 11-28: The Material Specifications dialog box
Here,youcanspecifythematerialsofconstructionfortheheatexchanger.For
thisexample,usethedefaultentries:carbonsteelforthetubesandA285Cforall
othermaterials.ClickOKtocontinue
Set Miscellaneous Specifications

ThelastdialogboxtoappeariscalledMiscellaneousSpecifications.
Figure 11-29: The Miscellaneous Specifications dialog box
TheonlyfieldthatisimportanttothisexampleisRowsperSealingStrip.The
defaultentryof5iswhattheexamplecallsfor,soleavethedialogboxasitisand
clickOKtocontinue.
Run Sizing Calculations

Nowthatyouhavespecifiedheatexchangerdatainalloftherequireddialogboxes,
theShellandTubeExchangermenuappears.Notethatthismenuiswhatyouwill
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CHEMCADTutorials
seeifyoureturntoshellandtubesizingforthisexchangeratanytimeafterthis
initialspecification.
Figure 11-30: The Shell and Tube Exchanger menu
ClicktheCalculatebuttononthemenu.Thecalculationwillrunveryfast,
showingruntimemessagesonthestatusbarandthenreturningyoutotheShelland
TubeExchangermenu.
Review Results and Create Plots

Nowthatcalculationsarecomplete,youcanclicktheViewResultsbuttontoseethe
resultoftheheatexchangercalculations.TheViewResultsmenuwillappear.
Figure 11-31: The View Results menu
Clickanyofthesebuttonstoviewvariousreportsoneverythingfrombaffle
parameterstovibrationanalysis.Whenyouselectareport,thedatadisplaysina
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CHEMCADTutorials
separatewindow,whichyoucanrevieworprintandthenclose.Toreturntothe
ShellandTubeExchangermenuatanytime,clicktheExitbutton.
YoucanalsodisplayresultsgraphicallybyclickingPlot.ThisopensthePlot
menu,fromwhichyoucanselectavarietyofzonebyzonegraphs.
Figure 11-32: The Plot menu
Theseplotsopeninaplotwindow,justliketheheatcurveplotthatyouwesaw
atthebeginningofthistutorial.WhenyouclickOKtocloseanyplot,youwillreturn
totheShellandTubeExchangermenu.
Youcanalsoprinttabulated,hardcopyreportsusingtheSelectReportsand
GenerateReportsoptionsontheShellandTubeExchangermenu.First,clickSelect
ReportstobringuptheReportSelectiondialogbox.
Figure 11-33: The Report Selection dialog box
SelecteitherWordPadorExcelasyourreportviewer,andchecktheboxesforthe
reportsthatyouwanttogenerate.ClickOKtoreturntotheShellandTube
Exchangermenu,thenclickGenerateReports.Allofthereportsthatyouselected
willbegeneratedanddisplayedusingtheviewerthatyouchose.
Youcannowrevieworprintthereport;whenyouclosethereportwindow,you
willreturntotheShellandTubeExchangermenu.ClickExittoclosethemenu,then
clickYeswhenaskedwhetheryouwanttosaveyourchanges.
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CC-BATCH Tutorial
ThistutorialwalksyouthroughtheprocessofusingCCBATCHtosimulateabatch
distillationcolumn.
Description of the Problem

Thesimulationyouwillcreateisafivestepbatchdistillationcampaign,as
illustratedinFigure1134.Theobjectiveistoseparate100lbmolofmixedpropane,
butane,pentane,andhexaneintothreeseparatetanks,producing99%purebutane.
Figure 11-34: The batch distillation flowsheet
Thefollowingaredetailedspecificationsforthisproblem:
ThermodynamicSelections
ColumnSpecifications
K-value:PengRobinson
No.ofinternalstages:8
Enthalpy:PengRobinson
No.ofoperations:5
Internalstageholdup:0.01ft3
Condenserholdup:0.1ft3
Condenserpressure:14.7psia
Columnpressuredrop:2psia
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InitialChargeConditions
InitialChargeComposition(molefrac)
Temperature:Calculated
Pressure:16.7psia
VaporFraction:0atbubblepoint
Totalamountofcharge:
100lbmol
Propane: 0.1
N-Butane: 0.3
N-Pentane: 0.1
N-Hexane: 0.5
CHEMCADTutorials
OperatingStep1
OperatingStep2
Purpose:Propaneremoval
Purpose:Propaneremoval
Refluxratio:5
Refluxratio:20
Distillatemolarflowrate:2
Stopwhen:Distillatemole
fractionofNButaneis0.2
Stopwhen:Distillatemolefractionof
NButaneis0.985
Materialstobeaddedatstart:
None
Materialstobeaddedatstart:None
OperatingStep3
OperatingStep4
Purpose:Butaneproduction
Purpose:Pentaneremoval
Refluxratio:25
Refluxratio:15
Stopwhen:Accumulatormole
fractionofNButaneis0.99
Stopwhen:Distillatemolefractionof
NHexaneis0.2
Materialstobeaddedatstart:20
lbmolofmolefraction40%N
Butane/60%NHexane,atits
bubblepointat16.7psia
Materialstobeaddedatstart:None
OperatingStep5
Purpose:Pentaneremoval
Refluxratio:25
Stopwhen:Bottommolefraction
ofNHexaneis0.9998
Materialstobeaddedatstart:
None
Overview of the Batch Distillation Process

Theprocessofbuildingtheflowsheetandsimulatingthebatchdistillationinvolves
thefollowingsteps:
1. Createanewsimulation.
3. Drawtheflowsheet.
4. Selectthecomponents.
5. Selectthermodynamicoptions.
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CHEMCADTutorials
6. Specifypotcharge.
7. Specifythedistillationcolumn.
8. Defineoperatingsteps.
10. Reviewtheresultsandprintasneeded.
Creating a New Simulation

Startbycreatinganewsimulationandgivingitaname.
Todothis,launchCHEMCADandthenSelectFile>SavetoopentheSaveAs
dialogbox.Navigatetothedirectorywhereyouwanttostorethesimulation(tryMy
Simulations,locatedunderMyDocuments)andgiveyoursimulationaname,
leavingthetypeasCHEMCAD6(*.cc6).ThenclickSavetocreatethefileandreturn
tothemainCHEMCADwindow.

SelectFormat>EngineeringUnitstoopentheEngineeringUnitSelectiondialog
box.
TheEnglishunitsoptionisthedefaultandiscurrentlyhighlighted.Tochange
theengineeringunitssystem,youwouldclicktheAltSI,SI,orMetricbutton;you
couldthenchangeanyoftheindividualunitsaswell.Forthistutorial,youwilluse
Englishunits,soclickCanceltoexitthisdialogboxwithoutmakingchanges.

AsdescribedinChapter5,creatingaflowsheetisamatterofplacingUnitOpicons
onthescreen,connectingthemwithstreams,andthenaddingvariousgraphical
objectstoenhancethedrawing.
Placing UnitOps
BeginbyplacingtheBatchColumnunitonthescreen.
1. OntheAllUnitOpspalette,clicktheBatchcolumntool(seeFigure1135)
andthenclickinthemainCHEMCADworkspace.Thebatchcolumnicon
appearswhereyouclicked.
Figure 11-35: The icon representing a batch column
2. ClicktheTanktool(seeFigure1136).Ontheworkspace,clicktotherightof
thebatchcolumntoplaceatankicon.Thenclickjustbelowthefirsttank,and
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CHEMCADTutorials
clickagainbelowthesecondtank.Whenyouhaveplacedallthreetankson
theflowsheet,rightclicktodeactivatetheTanktool.
Figure 11-36: The tank icon
3. ClicktheProducttool(seeFigure1137)andinsimilarfashion,placethree
productarrowsontheflowsheet,eachonebelowandtotherightofatank
icon.RightclicktodeactivatetheProducttool.
Figure 11-37: The product icon
Drawing Streams
NowthatalloftheUnitOpsareinplace,selecttheStreamtoolandconnecteach
tanksoutlettothenearestproductarrow.Thesearetheonlystreamsthatyouneed
forthistutorial.
Note:Inthissimulation,thebatchdistillationcolumntransfersproductstothetanks
baseduponbatchoperationparametersthatyouprovide.Streamconnections
betweenthecolumnandthetanksarenotnecessary,andareambiguousgiventhe
dynamicnatureofsuchstreams.
Rememberthateachstreammuststartataredoutletpointontheupstream
UnitOp,andendatablueinletpointonthedownstreamUnitOp.Toavoidhavingto
reselecttheStreamtooleachtime,makesurethatassoonasyouclicktocomplete
onestream,youmovethecursortothenextlocationandclicktostartthenext
stream.
Asyoudrawstreams,CHEMCADassignsstreamIDs,justasitassignedUnitOp
IDswhenyoucreatedthoseitems.ThelabelsforstreamIDsaredisplayedin
squares,todistinguishthemfromtheUnitOpIDsdisplayedincircles.
Atthispoint,theflowsheetshouldlooksimilartoFigure1134.
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Selecting Components
Nowyouneedtoidentifythecomponentstobeusedinthissimulation.Startby
selectingThermophysical>SelectComponents.
Forthisexample,youllchoosecomponentsfromthestandardCHEMCAD
database.IntheSelectComponentsdialogbox,findandaddeachneeded
component.
1. Holddownthe[CTRL]keyonyourkeyboardasyouclickeachofthe
followingcomponentsinturn:
Propane
NButane
NPentane
10
NHexane
2. Clicktherightarrowbutton,locatedtotherightoftheAvailableComponents
area,toaddalloftheselectedcomponentstoyoursimulation.TheSelect
ComponentsdialogboxshouldnowlooklikeFigure1138.
Figure 11-38: The completed Select Components dialog box
3. SaveyourcomponentselectionsbyclickingOK.
Selecting Thermodynamic Options

Assoonasyouhavefinishedcomponentselection,theThermodynamicsWizard
appears.Thistoolcansuggestthermodynamicsoptionstousewiththissimulation.
CHEMCADsThermodynamicsWizardworkslikethis:
1. First,itlooksatthecomponentlistanddecideswhatgeneraltypeofmodelis
required,i.e.,equationofstate,activitymodel,etc.
2. Second,itlooksattemperatureandpressurerangesthatyouprovideand
decideswhichequationwithinagivencategoryisbestatthelimitsofthose
ranges.
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CHEMCADTutorials
3. Ifthemethodisanactivitymodel,theprogramthenlooksattheBIP
databasetoseewhichmodelhasthemostdatasetsforthecurrentproblem.
ItthencalculatesthefractionalcompletenessoftheBIPmatrix.Ifthatfraction
isgreaterthantheBIPthresholdparameter,itusesthechosenactivity
method;ifnot,itusesUNIFAC.
TheThermodynamicsWizardisnoreplacementforengineeringjudgment.Thistool
usesanalgorithmbasedongeneralrules,andisthereforefallible.Thesuggested
modelmightnotalwaysbethebestmodelforthesystem.
Selectingthermodynamicoptionsbasicallymeansselectingamodelormethod
forcalculatingvaporliquid(orvaporliquidliquid)phaseequilibrium(calledtheK
valueoption)andselectingamethodormodelforcalculatingtheheatbalance(called
theenthalpyoption).Thecommandsfortheseselectionsarelocatedonthe
Thermophysicalmenu.
CHEMCADhasalibraryofdozensofKvaluemodelswithavarietyofoptions
andabout12enthalpymodels.Makingtheproperselectionfromtheselibrariescan
sometimesbedifficult.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttouse
thePengRobinsonmethodforboththeKvalueandenthalpycalculations.Follow
thesestepstoselectyourthermophysicaloptions:
1. AcceptthedefaulttemperatureandpressurerangesintheThermodynamics
WizardandclickOK.
2. ClickOKagaintoacceptthewizardssuggestedmethodofSRK.
3. WhentheThermodynamicSettingsdialogboxopens,findtheGlobalK
ValueOptionselection,intheupperleftcorneroftheKValueModelstab.
ThecurrentsettingisSRK,butforthepurposesofthetutorial,youllneedto
selectthePengRobinsonmodel.Clickthedownarrowattherightendofthe
selectionboxtoviewalonglistofKvaluechoices,thenclickPeng
Robinson.
Figure 11-39: The new K-value selection in the Thermodynamic Settings dialog box
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CHEMCADTutorials
4. NowclicktheEnthalpyModelstab.ThePengRobinsonmethodhasalready
beenenteredastheGlobalEnthalpyOptionsselection;thiswasdone
automaticallybecauseyouchosePengRobinsonasyourKvaluemethod.
Whileyoudohavetheoptiontooverridethischoice,inthiscaseyoullneed
tokeepthePengRobinsonmodel;leaveallsettingsastheyareandclickOK
toreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Forthepurposeofthistutorial,thethermodynamicselectionsarenowcomplete.
Note:WhileyouarenotrequiredtousetheThermodynamicsWizard,youshould
knowhowtouseit,ifonlyasastartingpointforyoursimulations.Youcanrevisit
thewizardatanytimebyselectingThermophysical>ThermodynamicsWizard.
Specifying Pot Charge

Nowthatyouhavethermodynamicsandcomponentsdefinedforthissimulation,
andyouhaveabatchcolumnintheflowsheet,youcandefinethepotchargeforthe
column.
Youwillspecifythepotchargeaccordingtothefollowingrules:
TheTempF,Prespsia,VaporFraction,andEnthalpyMMBtu/hfieldsare
thethermodynamicpropertiesofthecharge.AccordingtotheGibbsPhaseRule,
onceamixturescompositionisgiven,specifyinganytwoofthesefour
thermodynamicpropertieswilldefinetheothertwo.Assuch,definingthe
composition,temperature,andpressureforamixtureuniquelydefinesits
vaporfractionandenthalpy.Alternatively,definingthecomposition,
pressure,andenthalpywilluniquelydefinethemixturestemperatureand
vaporfraction.
Sinceenthalpiesarecalculatedrelativetoadatum,thecalculationofany
givenenthalpyisaninvolvedprocesswhichispronetoerrors.Forthis
reason,CHEMCADdoesnotpermityoutoenterenthalpyasaconstraint.
Inadditiontodefiningthepotcomposition,youmustdefineexactlytwoof
thefollowingproperties:temperature,pressure,andvaporfraction.Thetwo
variablesthatyouspecifywilldisplayasredtext,whilethethirdvariable
andthevalueenthalpywillbedisplayedinblackwhenyouflashthecharge.
160
TheTotalflowunitandCompunitfieldsworktogethertoprovideavariety
ofwaystodefinechargecomposition.Iftheselectedcompunitismole,mass,
orvolumefraction(eithergloballyorlocally),thentheTotalflowunit
selectionisavailable.Iftheselectedcompunitisanamountoption,thenthe
totalchargebecomesthesumofthecomponentquantities,andtheTotal
flowunitselectionisnotavailable.
IftheCompunitfieldselectionisanamountunit(asopposedtoafractional
unit),thenthecomponentchargevaluesareautomaticallyaddedasyou
enterthem.ThecurrentsumisdisplayedintheTotalflowfield.
CHEMCADTutorials
YoucanclicktheFlashbuttonatanytimetoperformaflashcalculation
usingthecurrentlyspecifiedcompositionandthermodynamicproperties.
Thisenablesyoutoobtainflashcalculationsquicklyandwithoutleavingthe
dialogbox.
Fractionsthatdonotaddupto1.0areautomaticallynormalizedwhenyou
eitherclickFlashorexitthedialogbox.
Withtheserulesandbehaviorsinmind,enterthedataforyourpotcharge:
1. DoubleclickthebatchcolumntoopentheEditBatchChargedialogbox.
Figure 11-40: The Edit Batch Charge dialog box
2. InthePrespsiafield,type16.7,thenpress[TAB]andtype0intheVapor
Fractionfield.
Note:Itsimportantthatyouactuallytypea0overtheexisting0entryintheVapor
Fractionfield.ThistellsCCBATCHthatyouarechoosingtospecifyavapor
fraction.
3. IntheCompunitfield,selectmolefrac.Youcannowtypeavalueof100in
theTotalflowfield.
4. Type0.1inthePropanefield,andtheninsimilarfashion,typethefollowing
numbersinthecorrespondingfields:
NButane:0.3
NPentane:0.1
NHexane:0.5
5. ClickOKtosavethischargeinformationandcontinue.
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Specifying the Distillation Column

Whenyouhavespecifiedthepotcharge,CCBATCHdisplaystheBatchDistillation
Columndialogbox.
Figure 11-41: The Batch Distillation Column dialog box
MakethefollowingentriesontheGeneraltabofthisdialogbox:
Numberofstages:8
Numberofoperationsteps:5
Stageholdup:.01
Condenserholdup:1
Condpressure:14.7
Colmpresdrop:2
Whenyouhaveenteredtheseparameters,clickOKtosavethedataand
continue.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Defining the Operating Steps

Whenyouhavecompletedtheinitialcolumnspecification,theBatchOperation
Parametersdialogboxappears.
Figure 11-42: The Batch Operation Parameters dialog box
Inthisdialogbox,youlldefinetheparametersforeachoperatingstepofthe
batchcampaign.Beforeyoubegin,youneedtounderstandhowCCBATCHhandles
tankassignments.
TheProductassignmentfieldsidentifytheaccumulatortowhichaproductor
decantstreamwillbesent.Youcanusethisoptionevenifyoudonotplacetankson
theflowsheet;simplydesignatingaUnitOpIDnumberissufficient.Inthiscase,its
importantthatyoudesignateaUnitOpIDthatisnotalreadyinuse.
SinceCCBATCHpermitsvaporliquidliquiddistillation,theremaybetwo
liquidphasesinthecondenser,possiblygivingrisetodecantingofonephaseorthe
other.TheDistillateTank#fieldentryrepresentsthetankthataccumulatesthe
distillate.TheDecanterTank#fieldentryrepresentsthetankthataccumulatesthe
decantedliquid,ifany.
Operating Step 1
Foroperatingstep1,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters
dialogbox:
ChangetheStartupoptionfieldto1Startwithtotalreflux.
IntheProductassignmentarea,enter2intheDistillatetank#field.
IntheFirstspecvaluefield,enter5asthevalueoftherefluxratio.
IntheSecondspecvaluefield,enter2.
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CHEMCADTutorials
IntheOperationstepstopoptionsarea,settheStopwhenoptiontoDistillate,
settheMeasuredvariableoptiontoMolefraction,andenter0.2intheStop
valuefield.IntheComponentfieldthatnowappears,select2NButane.
IntheMin.runtimefield,enter0.5.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothenextoperating
step.
Operating Step 2
dialogbox:
Enter2intheDistillatetank#field.
Enter20intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield.
StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNButaneinthedistillateis
0.985.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothenextoperating
step.
Operating Step 3
Followthesestepsforoperatingstep3:
1. MakethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParametersdialogbox:
StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNButaneinthe
accumulatoris0.99.
2. ClicktheAdditionalSettingstab.Hereyouwillspecifytheadditionof20
molesofmixturetothepot,withacompositionof40%butaneand60%
hexane.ChecktheAddmaterialtopotboxandthenclickOKtobringupthe
EditBatchChargedialogbox.
3. InthePrespsiafield,type16.7,thenpress[TAB]andtype0intheVapor
Fractionfield.
4. Enterthefollowingcompositionsettings:
SettheCompunitfieldtomolefrac.
Enter0.6intheNButanefield.
Enter0.4intheNHexanefield.
Enter20intheTotalflowfield.
5. ClickOKtocontinuetothenextoperatingstep.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Operating Step 4
dialogbox:
StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNHexaneinthedistillateis0.2.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothefinaloperating
step.
Operating Step 5
dialogbox:
StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNHexaneintheresidual
chargeatthebottomofthecolumnis0.9998.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtocontinue.
The Run Time Information Dialog Box

Atthecompletionofthelastoperatingstep,theRunTimeInformationdialogbox
displays.Here,youcanchoosewhichvariableswillbeplottedwhenyourunthe
simulation.
Figure 11-43: The Run Time Information dialog box
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CHEMCADTutorials
Forthisexample,thedefaultdisplayaplotofdistillatemolefractionsforall
fourcomponentsiswhatyouwant,soclickOKtobringuptheBatchDistillation
menu.
Figure 11-44: The Batch Distillation menu
Thismenuprovidesaccesstotheentryscreensforalldefinedoperationsteps,as
wellasoptionsforinserting,deleting,andcopyingoperationsteps.Youmightwant
toreviewtheoperatingstepsandverifyyourentriesbeforerunningthesimulation.
Whenyouarefinished,clicktheExitbuttontoclosethemenu.

Torunthesimulation,clicktheRunAlltoolbarbutton.CCBATCHfirstchecksthe
inputdataforerrorsoromissions.Youmayseethefollowingtypesofmessages:
Errormessagesmustbefixedbeforethesimulationcanproceed.Under
specificationofthebatchcolumnwouldbeanexampleofthistypeoferror.
Warningmessagesareusuallyinputomissions,whichmayormaynotcause
problemsuponexecution.Thesearenonfatalerrorsthatdonotnecessarily
needtobecorrectedpriortosimulation.
Assumingthatyoucorrectlyspecifiedthepotchargeandsubsequentoperation
steps,youshouldseenomessages;theprogramwillproceeddirectlytothe
calculation.
Youwillseethedistillatemolefractionsplottedonthescreeninaplotwindow.
Eachtimetheprogramproceedstothenextoperatingstep,anewplotwindowwill
open,alongwithanewtabatthebottomofthemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Duringtherun,onlythecurrentstepsplotisvisible.Whenthesimulationis
finished,thedynamicplotwillquitscrollingandaRunfinishedmessagewillappear
atthefarleftendoftheCHEMCADstatusbar.
Aftertherun,youcanviewtheplotforaparticularoperatingstepbyclicking
thecorrespondingtabatthebottomoftheCHEMCADworkspace.Tocloseany
plotstab,clicktheClosebutton(markedwithanX)onthetab.Tocloseallofthe
plottabsatthesametime,selectWindow>CloseAllCharts.
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Reviewing and Printing Results

Oncethesimulationiscomplete,youcanreviewtheresultsinteractivelybefore
printingahardcopy.ThecommandsneededtodothisarelocatedintheReportand
Plotmenus.
Plotting the Results

Forbatchcalculations,themostconvenientwaytoexaminetheoutputistoplotthe
results.Todothis,clickyourbatchcolumnUnitOpandthenselectPlot>Dynamic
Plots>BatchColumnHistory.
ThisbringsuptheBatchColumnPlotsdialogbox.Fromhere,youcangeneratea
plotthatencompassestheentirecampaign.Forexample,youcanfollowthesesteps
toplotdistillatemolefractionsacrossalloperatingsteps:
1. InthePlotvariablefield,selectthe0Molefractionsoption.
2. IntheOfthefield,selectthe3Distillateoption.
3. IntheComponentstoplotarea,usethefirstfourfieldstoselectthefour
componentsfoundinthedistillate.
Figure 11-45: The completed Batch Column Plots dialog box
4. ClickOKtoviewthecompositeplot,whichshouldresembleFigure1146.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-46: Composite plot showing composition of distillate over time
Revieworprinttheresultsasneeded,andthenclosetheplottabtoreturntothe
simulation.
Generating Text Reports

Youcanalsoviewcertainbatchresultsintabularformat.Todothis,selectReport>
BatchResults.Asummaryoftheresultsofthissimulationdisplaysinaseparate
window.Revieworprinttheresultsasneeded,andthenclosethereportwindowto
returntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Generating a Full Report

TheReportmenuoffersabroadarrayoftextreports,asdescribedinChapter8,
OutputandReports.Forthepurposeofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttoview
andprintoutareportwiththefollowinginformation:
Operatingstepresults
Batchcolumnhistory
Finalbatchcolumnholdup
Becauseyouwantareportwithabroadrangeofinformationaboutyour
simulation,usetheConsolidatedReportoption.
1. SelectReport>ConsolidatedReporttobringuptheConsolidatedReport
menu.
2. ClickBatch/DynamicResultstoopentheBatch/DynamicOptionsdialog
box.SelectthefirstthreeoptionsPrintoperationresults,Printhistory,and
Printfinalholdups.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-47: The Batch/Dynamic Options dialog box
3. ClickOKtoreturntotheConsolidatedReportmenu.
4. Togeneratethereport,clickCalculateandGiveResults.Thereportdisplays
inaseparatewindow,withaformatsuitableforprinting.Youcanedit,save,
andprintthereportasneeded.
5. Whenyoufinishreviewingandworkingwiththereport,closethereport
windowtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Piping Tutorial
Apipingnetworkrepresentstheflowoffluidsthroughseveralpiecesofequipment.
Ifsufficientvariables(flowrateandpressure)arespecifiedonthepipingnetwork,
CHEMCADcalculatestheunknownvariables.
Forfluidflowthroughequipment,flowratemaybecalculatedasafunctionof
theinletandoutletpressure.Ifyouknowanytwoofthesethreevariables,
CHEMCADcancalculatethethird.
Inthistutorial,youwillworkwithCHEMCADspipingfeatures.Youwill
performcontrolvalveandorificesizingandrating;simulatecomplexpiping
networks;usefeedbackcontrollers;calculateNPSH;andmakeappropriate
equipmentselections.
Control Valve Sizing Example

Thisportionofthepipingtutorialcoverscontrolvalvesizing,controlvalves,andthe
useofnodes.
Problem Statement
Forthispartofthetutorial,referencetheflowsheetshowninFigure1148.This
exampleiscalledExample1,anditslocatedintheMy
Simulations\Examples\Pipingfolder.
D-1
-9F
225 psig
D-2
-1F
15 psig
D-3
-28F
0.2 psig
Figure 11-48: Diagram of control valve sizing example
Youneedtosizecontrolvalvesforhandlingaflowof113,000lb/hrofliquid
ammoniaineachlinecomingfromvesselD1.Youmustselectproperlysizedvalves
andthendeterminethepercentopenforeachvalveattheratedservice.
Toperformtheinitialsizing,allyouneedarestreamswiththecorrectproperties
(seeFigure1149).Itisnotnecessarytomodelthetanks.
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CHEMCADTutorials
1
1
Figure 11-49: Streams for initial sizing
AllthreestreamsinFigure1149areattheinletconditionsof9Fand225psig.
Thedividersplitsthe226,000lb/hrflowintotwoequalflowsof113,000lb/hrof
ammonia.
Toperformtheinitialsizing,followthesesteps:
1. ClicktheRunAllbuttononthemainCHEMCADtoolbartocalculatethe
flowinformationforstreams2and3.Bothstreamsshouldbeat9F,225
psig,and113,000lb/hrofammonia.
2. Clickstream2toselectit.Thestreamisselectedwhenitisshownbracketed
byblacksquares.SelectSizing>ControlValvetobringuptheControlValve
Sizingdialogbox.
Figure 11-50: The Control Valve Sizing dialog box
3. IntheDownstreampressurefield,enter15.ClickOKtodisplayacontrol
valvesizingreportinaseparatewindow.CHEMCADreportstheproperties
ofthestreamandthecalculatedparametersforthevalve.
4. Repeattheprocedureforstream3,usingadownstreampressureof0.2psig.
Rating Case
Thenexttaskistoratethesevalvesinasimulation.Youneedtodeterminethevalve
positionforthesevalvesinthisserviceat113,000lb/hr.Sincethistaskmodelsthe
behaviorofthecontrolvalves,youwillneedaslightlylargerflowsheet,asshownin
Figure1151.
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CHEMCADTutorials
1
1
3
2
4
8
5
9
Figure 11-51: Flowsheet for rating valves in a simulation
TheflashUnitOpsattheendarenotnecessary;theyareincludedtoillustratethe
vaporandliquidflowratesinseparatestreamsifflashingoccurs.
Thedividerisstillsetto113,000lb/hr,andtheflashtanksaresettothemode
calledSpecifyTandP;calculateV/FandHeat.FlashUnitOp#2issetto1Fand15
psig.FlashUnitOp#3issetto28Fand0.2psig.
Followthesestepstoratethecontrolvalves:
1. Doubleclicktheiconforcontrolvalve#4toopentheControlValvedialog
box.
Figure 11-52: The Control Valve dialog box
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CHEMCADTutorials
2. IntheValveflowcoefficient(Cv)field,enter36.IntheDownstream
pressurefield,enter15.SelecttheOperatingmodeoptioncalledFix
flowrate,adjustvalveposition.ClickOK.
3. Nowdoubleclicktheiconforcontrolvalve#5.Forthisvalve,selectthesame
operatingmodethatyouusedforvalve#4.Specifyavalveflowcoefficientof
54andadownstreampressureof0.2psig,andthenclickOK.
4. ClicktheRunAllbuttononthetoolbartorunthesimulation.
5. Toviewtheresults,firstclickablankareaoftheCHEMCADworkspaceto
ensurethatnoUnitOpsarecurrentlyselected.ThenselectReport>UnitOps
>SelectUnitOps.
6. IntheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox,type4,press[RETURN],andthentype5.
ClickOKtobringupareportforthesetwovalves.
Thereportshowsthatvalve#4isat72.5%open,andvalve#5isat53.3%open.
Toseehowmuchvaporizationoccursacrossvalve#5,rightclickthevalveand
selectViewStreamProperties.ThisvolumechangeiswhyCHEMCADchosea
largervalveforthesecondstream.Withthevaporizationoccurringinthevalve,a
smallertwoinchvalvebodywouldbeapproachingsonicvelocitythroughthevalve
body.
Flow Rate as a Function of Pressure

IntypicalCHEMCADsimulations,informationflowsinonedirection:downstream.
Upstreamconditionsdeterminethedownstreamconditions.Inmostsimulations,
yousimplysettheflowratesandpressuresoffeedstreams.Pressuredropsare
eithercalculatedbasedonfloworspecifiedthroughUnitOps,andthedownstream
pressures,flowrates,andsofortharecalculatedwhenyourunthesimulation.
Forpipingsimulations,flowrateandpressurearedependentoneachother.The
backpressureonvalves,pipes,andotherUnitOpsaffectstheflowratethroughthe
valve.Likewise,theflowratethroughavalve(orthroughapipeorapump)
determinesthedownstreampressure.
Inflowmodelslikethecontrolvalvesizingmodel,itissometimesusefultolet
flowratevaryasafunctionofthepressure.Forexample,supposeaprocessupsetin
thesystemshowninFigure1153causedthepressureinvesselD2torisefrom15
psigto30psig.Assumingtheupsetoccursfasterthanthevalvesreact,whatisthe
newflowratefromD1?
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CHEMCADTutorials
D-1
-9 F
225 psig
D-2
-1 F
30 psig (UPSET condition)
Cv =36
72.5 % open
Cv =54
53.3% open
D-3
-28F
0.2 psig
Figure 11-53: Vessel D-2 in an upset condition
Toanswerthisquestion,youneedaspecialUnitOpcalledanode.Anodeisa
pointinthesimulationthathasapressure,aflowcomingin,andaflowgoingout.
Thenodeunitscreateanetwork,solvingforflowrateateachpointbasedonthe
fixedpressures.Nodesareplacedontheflowsheetimmediatelyupstreamand
downstreamfromeachcontrolvalve.Figure1154showsthesystemwithnodesin
place.
11
6
10
11
17
7
13
15
18
12
12
10
8
14
19
16
20
Figure 11-54: Nodes located upstream and downstream from control valves
Thefunctionofthedividertosplittheincomingflowisnowhandledbynode
#6.Thenodewillbalancetheflowratessothatallstreamsenteringandexitingthe
nodeareatthesamepressure.Nodesarealsoplacedbetweentheflashvesselsand
thecontrolvalves.Atthenodesyoucanfixthepressures,andlettheflowratevary
asafunctionofvalvepositionandpressuredifference.
Toseehowthesenodesaresetup,youcandoubleclicknode#6toopenthe
Nodedialogbox.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-55: The Node dialog box
Thefixedpressureatthisnodeis225psig.TheinletflowmodeissettoFreeinlet
stream,andthetwooutletstreamsaresettoFlowsetbyUnitOp.Theflowintoeach
controlvalvewillbedeterminedbythecontrolvalveopeningpositionandthe
pressuredifferenceacrossthevalve.
Fornode#9,thefixedpressureissetto30psig,andfornode#10,thepressureis
0.2psig.Flowintoeachofthesenodesiscontrolledbythecontrolvalveusingthe
FlowsetbyUnitOpmode;flowoutissettoFreeOutletstream.
Thecontrolvalvesneedtobechangedtofixthevalvepositionandcalculateflow
rate.Todothis,settheOperatingmodeforeachvalvetoFixvalveposition,adjust
flowrate.
Aftermakingthischange,clicktheRunAlltoolbarbuttontorunthesimulation.
Afterrunning,youcanviewthestreamsaroundnode#6byrightclickingthenode
andselectingViewstreamcomposition.Theresultingreport(Figure1156)shows
thattheflowrateforstream11(upstreamfromD2)hasdroppedfrom113,000lb/hr
to109,138lb/hr.Thisillustratestheeffectofbackpressureontheflowratesthrough
thevalves.
Figure 11-56: Stream composition report for node #6
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CHEMCADTutorials
Simple Flow Example

Thisportionofthepipingtutorialcoverscontrolvalvesizing,feedbackcontrollers,
NPSH,orificesizing/rating,pipesizing/rating,andthePipeUnitOp.
Problem Statement
Thepipingsystemshownmustbedesignedtotransport120gpmofglacialacetic
acidat70140F.Thepressureattheinletisknownat20psia,andtheoutletmustbe
nolessthan20psia.Thepipingsystemanditsindividualelementsmustbesizedfor
designconditionsandthenratedatoperatingconditions.Thegoalistodetermine
theNPSHaandheadrequirementsforfuturepumpselection.
Figure 11-57: Piping isometric for this problem
ThisexampleiscalledExample2,anditslocatedinthelocatedintheMy
Creating the Simulation

Followthesestepstocreateandrunthissimulation:
1. ConvertthepipingisometricinFigure1157toaCHEMCADflowsheet.Pipe
UnitOpsareusedtorepresententiresectionsofpiping,includingfittings:
2. SelectSizing>PipingandselecttheapplicablestreamstobringupthePipe
Sizingdialogbox.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-58: The Pipe Sizing dialog box
3. SelecttheTypicalsizingforsinglephaseoptionandusestandardschedule
40pipe.ClickOKtoviewalinesizingreportfortheselectedstream.
Note:Sincethefluidinthissystemissubcooledliquidandallflowsareconstant,
thiscalculatedlinesizeshouldapplytoallpipinginthesystem.Theexceptionisthe
pumpsuctionpipe,whichasageneralruleshouldbeonesizelarger.
4. SelectSizing>Orificeandselectthestreamonthedischargesideofthe
pump.IntheOrificeSizingdialogbox,selectDandD/2pressuretaps,enter
3asthepipeinsidediameter,andenter100asthewaterdifferentialpressure.
ClickOKtobringupanorificesizingreportfortheselectedstream.
Note:Usingthecalculatedborehole,CHEMCADdeterminestheflowresistance
factoroftheorificeasshown:
C = Cd /( (1 4 )
1 2
Kr 2 4
C
TheorificesizingreportgivestheKrvalue,whichyouwilluselaterinthePipe
SizingandRatingdialogbox.
5. Tosizethecontrolvalve,selectstream#1andthenselectSizing>Control
Valve.IntheDownstreampressurefield,enter15,andselecttheSingleseat
option.Sincestream#1isat20psia,youaresimplysizingacontrolvalveto
produceapressuredropof5psi.ClickOKtoviewacontrolvalvesizing
reportfortheselectedstream.
6. Doubleclickcontrolvalve#4toopentheControlValvedialogbox.Enterthe
valveflowcoefficient(Cv)ofthevalvefromthesizingreport,setthevalve
positionto50%,andsettheoperatingmodetoFixflowandposition,
calculatePout.ClickOKtosavethesesettingsandclosethedialogbox.
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CHEMCADTutorials
7. DoubleclicktheheatexchangericontoopentheSimpleHeatExchanger
dialogbox.Enterapressuredropof2psiandsettheoutlettemperatureto
140F.ClickOKtocontinue.
8. Tabulateandspecifythevalves,fittings,pipelengths,andelevationchanges
ofeachsectionofpipe.Forallofthesepipes,settheMethodfieldto2Single
Phaseflow,settheSizingoptionto0Rating,anduseflangedfittings
throughout.
Pipe#1
Pipe#3(beforecontrolvalve)
1entrance,wellrounded
1swingcheckvalve,clearway
2ballvalves
2ballvalves
4standardelbows,90degree
2tee,flowthroughrun
1tee,flowthroughbranch
1orificeplate(aspreviouslydetermined)
35feetofpiping
14feetofpiping
8elevationchange
14elevationchange
Pipe#5(aftercontrolvalve)
Pipe#7(afterE1515)
2ballvalves
1ballvalve
2tee,flowthroughrun
1tee,flowthroughrun
1exitfrompipe
1wellroundedentrance
24feetofpiping
1exitfrompipe
2footelevationchange
157feetofpiping
5elevationchange
9. Specifythepumpoutletpressureatsomearbitraryvalue(try25psia)and
makeatrialrun.Checkthecalculatedoutletpressure.Youcantheniterateto
findtherequiredpumphead.
Using Controllers to Simplify the Problem

Whilemanuallychangingthepumpoutletpressurewillgetyouwhereyouneedto
be,itseasiertoletCHEMCADdothework.TheControllerUnitOpcanadjustthis
pressureforyou.
AfeedbackcontrollerinCHEMCADhasnothingtodowithprocesscontrol
valvesorPIDsettings.InaCHEMCADsteadystatemodel,thetermfeedbackcontrol
referstoamathematicalcontroller.Itsamathtoolusedtoadjustavariableona
flowsheetuntilatargetvaluereachesaspecifiedvalue.
Followthesestepstouseafeedbackcontrollertocalculatetherequiredoutlet
pressure:
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CHEMCADTutorials
1. Rightclickstream#8andselectInsertunit.ClickOKatthepopupmessage
andthenclicktheControllertoolintheAllUnitOpspalette.
2. Clickneartheexistingstreamtoplaceacontrollericonontheflowsheet.The
streamautomaticallyreroutesthroughthisicon,asshowninFigure1159.
7
7
Figure 11-59: Insertion of feedback controller
3. IntheControllerdialogbox,specifythefollowingandthenclickOK:
Controllermode:Feedbackward
Adjustthisvariable:Unitop,IDnumber2,Variable2Outputpressure
Untilthis:Stream,IDnumber8,Variable2Pressure
Isequaltothistarget:Constant20,Units4Pressure
Whenyourunthesimulation,thecontrollerwillautomaticallychangethepump
outletpressureuntilthepressureleavingthelastpipeunitisequalto20psia.You
nowknowtheheadrequirementsforyourpump.
Calculating NPSHA
Thenetpositivesuctionhead,betterknownasNPSH,isdefinedasthetotalpressure
availableatthepumpsuctionminusthepumpingfluidsvaporpressure.Itisalmost
alwaysreportedinfeetofpumpedfluidorwater.
EverypumphasaspecifiedNPSHrequirement(NPSHr)atagivenoperating
speed.Toensurereliableoperation,theavailableNPSH(NPSHa)mustbegreater
thantheNPSHr.Ifnot,cavitationandshortenedservicelifemayresult.
Toselecttheappropriatepump,youneedtocalculateNPSHa.InCHEMCAD,
thisisaneasytask.SimplychecktheCalculateNPSHaboxinthePumpdialogbox,
andthenrunthesimulation.NowwhenyoupullupthePumpdialogbox,the
calculatedNPSHaisdisplayed.
Note:ItisimportanttotheNPSHacalculationthattheinletpipingtothepumpbe
correctlyspecified.Ifthepipingspecificationsarenotcomplete,thepressureatthe
inletmaynotbeaccurate,leadingtoaninaccurateNPSHacalculation
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CHEMCADTutorials
Branched Flow Example

ThisportionofthepipingtutorialcoverstheNodeUnitOp,pipenetworks,pump
selectioncriteria,andPumpUnitOpperformancecurves.
Problem Statement
Thepreviouspipingsystemhasbeenchanged.Duetothebranchedflowtothetwo
heatexchangers,theproblemisnolongerasimpleone.
Figure 11-60: Piping isometric showing branched flow
ThisexampleiscalledExample3,anditslocatedinthelocatedintheMy
Thebranchedflowisadifficultproblemtosolveusingthecontrollerapproach.
Bothexchangershavedifferentpipingandthereforedifferentflowrates.Youneed
anapproachwhereyousplitandrecombineflows,andhavethesimulationcalculate
thepressureandflowratesinaniterativemanner.TheNodeUnitOpgivesyouthis
flexibility.
Rememberthatanodeisapointwherepressureisuniform.Theremaybe
multipleinletsandoutlets.Theflowratesforeachstreamwillbebalancedby
CHEMCADtoreachasinglepressure.Youcanspecifythepressureorallowitto
vary.
Creating the Simulation

ConvertthepipingisometrictoaCHEMCADflowsheet,asshowninFigure1161.
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CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-61: The flowsheet representing this piping system
InCHEMCAD,PipeUnitOpsareusedtorepresententiresectionsofpiping,
includingfittings.NodeUnitOpsareplacedwherepressureorflowrateare
unknown.
Forthisexample,assumeapressuredropof2psiacrosseachheatexchanger.
Tabulatethevalves,fittings,pipelengths,andelevationchangesofeachsectionof
pipe.Useflangedfittingsthroughout.
Pipe#1
Pipe#2(beforecontrolvalve)
1entrance,wellrounded
1swingcheckvalve,clearway
2ballvalves
2ballvalves
2tee,flowthroughrun
1orificeplate(asdeterminedabove)
35feetofpiping
14feetofpiping
Pipe#3(aftercontrolvalve)
Pipe#4(toE1514)
1ballvalve
1tee,flowthroughrun
1ballvalve
1exitfrompipe
10feetofpiping
26feetofpiping
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CHEMCADTutorials
Pipe#5(fromE1514)
Pipe#6(toE1515)
1ballvalve
1ballvalve
1exitfrompipe
1tee,flowthroughrun
30feetofpiping
14feetofpiping
Pipe#7(fromE1515)
Pipe#8(toV1522)
1standardelbow,90degree
1ballvalve
1exitfrompipe
147feetofpiping
1tee,flowthroughrun
10feetofpiping
Atthistimeyoudontknowthepumpspecifications,sosetthepumptoSpecify
OutletPressureandleavethepressurespecificationblank.TheNodeUnitOpwill
solveforthepressureincrease,andsetthepumpoutletpressureaccordingly.
Setupthenodeswiththefollowinginformation:
Node3:Variablepressure,usecurrentstreamrateforinlet,flowsetby
UnitOpforoutlet,elevation=20feet
Node5:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet,
elevation=34feet
elevation=34feet
elevation=34feet
elevation=50feet
elevation=38feet
elevation=42feet
Node20(lastnode):Fixedpressure,20psia,flowsetbyUnitOpforinlet,free
outletstreamforoutlet,elevation=43feet

Torunthesimulation,clicktheRunAllbuttononthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.
182
CHEMCADTutorials
Oncethesimulationhasrun,checkthePumpUnitOpspressureincrease.This
tellsyoutheheadrequirementsofthepump.Usingthisinformationandtheflow
rate(120gpm),youcanconsultapumphandbooktodeterminethecorrectpump
size.
Selecting a Pump
Thefollowingpumpcurvedataisrepresentativeofthetypeofequipmentthat
wouldbeappropriateforthisapplication.
Pump Curve
90
Head (ft)
80
1750 rpm
70
60
50
1450 rpm
40
1150 rpm
30
20
0
40
80
120
160
200
Flow (gpm)
0.6
1450 rpm
Efficiency
0.55
1750 rpm
0.5
0.45
1150 rpm
0.4
0.35
0.3
0
40
80
120
160
200
Flow (gpm)
Figure 11-62: Combined pump curves for a sample pump
Toenterthiscurveintoyourpump,openthePumpdialogboxandselect
SpecifyPerformanceCurveforthepumpmode.Thissettingallowsyoutoenter
multiplespeedlinesandanoperatingspeed.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,enter1
forthenumberofspeedlinesandsetthepumpspeedto1750RPM.ClickOKto
bringupthePerformanceCurvedialogbox.
183
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-63: The Performance Curve dialog box
Hereyoucanenterasmanypointsasyouwanttodefineyourcurve.
CHEMCADwillfitaquadraticequationtothepoints,creatingasmoothcurvefitfor
yourdata.
Nowthatyouhaveenteredthepumpperformancecurve,youmustaddnode
UnitOpstothesuctionsideofthepumptoallowtheflowratetovary.Inthisway,
youcancalculatethemaximumflowrateofyoursystem.
184
Index
.CC6files,29
CCDYNAMICS,59
Addingasinglecomponent,93
CCSTEADYSTATEtutorial,122
Addingcomponentstoasimulation,42
CCTHERMtutorial,144
AllUnitOpspalette,37
CHEMCAD
ApplyComponentChangesdialogbox,96
Mainmenu,23
Applyingatemplate,92
Toolbar,23
Assigningobjectstoalayer,87
Tutorials,121
Attachingasimulationfiletoanemail,33
Gettinghelpwith,14
BatchReactor/DVSLHistoryplot,69
Installing,7
BatchResultsreport,79
Interface,17
BinaryLLEplot,80
Licensing,10
BinodalPlot,80
Modules,3
Binodal/ResidueCurvesplot,80
Openingolderfiles,33
Buildingabasicsimulation,35
Overview,1
BulkPropertiesdialogbox,97
Productsandfeatures,3
C++,usingtocreateacustommixingrule,104
Systemrequirements,7
C++,usingtocreatecustomthermodynamics,102
Usercomponentsin,30
CallingChemstations,15
CHEMCADCoachpane,27
Cases,saving,32
CHEMCADDialogEditor,101
CCBATCHtutorial,154
CHEMCADExplorer,introduced,18
185
Index
CHEMCADSymbolEditor,98
Customizingthermodynamics,102
CHEMCADtutorials
DatainterfacestoCHEMCAD,107
CCBATCH,154
DataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox,111
CCSTEADYSTATE,122
DataMaps,creating,108
CCTHERM,144
Databoxes,82
Piping,170
DefaulticonforUnitOp,37
Chemicalcomponents,selecting,41
Definingstreams,46
Chemstationswebsite,15
DefiningUnitOps,47
Coach,27
Deletingatemplate,92
COMinterfaces,117
Dialogbox,customizing,101
ComponentObjectModel(COM),117
DialogEditorutility,101
Components
DistCurveCharacterizationdialogbox,96
Adding,42
Distillationreport,78
Finding,41
Dongle
Removing,43
ForCHEMCADlicensing,10
Selecting,41
Reprogramming,12
CompositeCurvesplot,80
Drawingaflowsheet,36
ConnectingstreamstoUnitOps,38
Drawingstreamsonaflowsheet,38
Consolidatedreporting,79
Drawingtools,40
ControlValveSizingdialogbox,54
DynamicColumnHistoryplot,69
ControllerConvergenceplot,81
DynamicColumnHistoryreport,69
ConvergenceParametersdialogbox,62
Dynamicoperation,settingup,61
Costingcalculations,customized,100
Dynamicplots,81
CreatingacustomUnitOpdialogbox,101
DynamicRunTimeScheduledialogbox,64
Creatingalayer,86
Dynamicsimulation,running,66
Creatinganewsimulation,31
Dynamicsimulations,strategiesfor,61
Creatingatemplate,92
DynamicStreamHistoryplot,69
CreatinganExcelDataMap,108
DynamicStreamHistoryreport,70
Creatingcustomcomponents,93
DynamicUnitOpHistoryreport,70
CreatingExcelUnitOps,113
DynamicsMenu,63
CreatingcustomUnitOps,100
Dynamicsreports,79
CurveTemperatureCutRangesdialogbox,96
Dynamics
Customcomponents,93
Additionalinputfor,60
Customenthalpymodel,102
Defined,59
CustomKvaluemodel,102
Output,68
Custommixingrule,creatingusingVBA,104
Plottingresults,69
Customreaction,creatingusingVBA,104
RecordingstreamsandUnitOps,65
CustomUnitOpicon
Runningonestepatatime,67
Creating,98
Textbasedresults,69
Addingtoasubpalette,99
Toolbarbuttonsfor,62
CustomUnitOp,creatingusingVBA,104
EditDistillationCurvesmenu,97
CustomUnitOps,creating,100
EditFeedStreamsbutton,46
Customizedcostingcalculations,100
EditStreamGroupdialogbox,73
CustomizingCHEMCAD,91
EditStreamsdialogbox,46
CustomizingtheCHEMCADscreen,23
Ellipsetool,40
186
Index
Emailingasimulation,33
Linetool,40
EngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,36
LockedforEditingdialogbox,31
Engineeringunits
Lowfidelitymodeling,defined,49
Changingforreports,72
Mainmenu,23
Selecting,36
ManageComponentDatabasesdialogbox,94
Enthalpyoptions,selecting,44
MassandEnergyBalancesreport,79
Equipmentparameters,specifying,47
Messagespane,22
Equipmentsizing,introduction,50
Movingapane,25
ErrorsandWarningstab,onMessagespane,22
MovingUnitOpicons,38
Examplefiles,30
Multilinetool,40
ExcelDataMapEditor,108
MySimulationsdirectory,32
ExcelDataMappingfeature,defined,107
Neutralfileimport,97
ExcelDataboxSettingsdialogbox,84
NewComponentdialogbox,93
Excelrangeboxes,84
Newsimulation,creating,31
ExcelUnitOps,creating,113
Notestab,onMessagespane,23
Flowsheetdataboxes,82
OlderCHEMCADfiles,33
Flowsheettemplates,91
OleforProcessControl(OLE),114
Flowsheets,drawing,36
OPC
Flowsheetbasedgraphs,80
Applications,114
GlobalEnthalpyOption,45
Compliance,114
GlobalKValueOption,45
Namespace,116
Graphicalreports,80
Serveroperations,115
Grid,26
OPCserver,usingCHEMCADas,114
Groups
Opencommand,31
Stream,72
Openinganexistingsimulation,31
UnitOp,76
OpeninganolderCHEMCADfile,33
HeatCurvesplot,81
Palettepane,introduced,20
Hidingalayer,88
Palettes,customizing,21
Highfidelitymodeling,defined,49
ParticleSizeDistributionreport,76
HydrocarbonCorrelationdialogbox,96
PFDprinting,88
Icons,creating,98
PFDs,82
InstallingCHEMCAD,7
PhaseEnvelopesplot,80
Jobfiles,29
Pinningandunpinningpanes,25
Kvalueoptions,selecting,44
PipeProfileplot,81
Layers,85
Pipingtutorial,170
Assigningobjectsto,87
PlotsinCHEMCAD,80
Creating,86
Plots,dynamic,81
Deleting,88
Plottingdynamicresults,69
Hidingandviewing,88
PlugFlowReactorProfileplot,81
Removingobjectsfrom,88
Polygontool,40
LicenseSettingsscreen,11
Printingaprocessflowdiagram,88
LicensingCHEMCAD,10
PrintingCHEMCADreports,82
Licensing,fordynamics,59
Processflowdiagrams,82
Licensing,forhighfidelitymodeling,58
Properties,ofstreams,46
Linesizing,51
PseudocomponentCurvesplot,81
187
Index
PseudocomponentCurvesreport,76
Selectingcomponents,41
Pseudocomponentrange,defining,96
Selectingengineeringunits,36
RecordStreamsdialogbox,65
SelectingKvalueandenthalpyoptions,44
RecordingstreamsandUnitOpsfordynamics,65
Selectiveprinting,85
Rectangletool,40
Settingruntimefordynamics,63
Redocommand,26
Simulationfiles
RegressComponentPropertiesmenu,95
Introduced,29
Regressingdataintoauseraddedcomponent,95
Creating,31
Reliefdevicesizing,57
Emailing,33
Removingcomponentsfromasimulation,43
Opening,31
Renamingatemplate,92
Overviewofbuilding,35
ReportFormatdialogbox,71
Saving,32
Reportsetup,71
Simulation,running,48
Reportsfordynamicsimulations,69
Singlecomponent,adding,93
Reports
Sizing,introduction,50
Dynamics,79
Specsheetreport,77
Printing,82
Specsheets,outputtoExcel,113
Streamcompositions,74
SpecifyingUnitOps,47
Streamproperties,75
Startinganewsimulation,31
UnitOpbased,76
Streamboxes,82
Reprogrammingadongle,12
Streamcompositionreports,74
Reroutingastream,39
Streamcomposition,viewing,75
ResettoInitialStatebutton,67
Streamgroups,creating,72
ResidueCurvesplot,80
StreamPropertiesplot,80
Resizingapane,24
Streampropertyreports,75
ResizingUnitOpicons,38
Streams
Results,reviewing,48
Drawingonaflowsheet,38
Reviewingrunresults,48
Defining,46
Routingstreams,39
Rerouting,39
RunfromCurrentStatebutton,66
Switchingtodynamics,61
RunfromInitialStatebutton,66
SymbolEditorutility,98
Runtime,setting,63
Symbols,creating,98
RunTracetab,onMessagespane,22
Technicalsupport,contacting,15
Runningadynamicsimulation,66
Templates
Runningasimulation,48
Applying,92
SaveAscommand,32
Creating,92
SaveasInitialStatebutton,68
Defined,91
Savingasimulation,32
Deleting,92
Savingdifferentcases,32
Renaming,92
SearchforUnitOp(s)field,21
Textreports,71
SearchOptionsdialogbox,42
Texttool,40
SelectComponentsdialogbox,41
ThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,45
SelectDataMapdialogbox,111
Thermodynamicsreport,78
SelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,94
Thermodynamicssettings,manuallyselecting,45
SelectSingleComponentdialogbox,95
ThermodynamicsWizard,44
188
Index
Thermodynamics,customizing,102
UnitOpbasedplots,81
Thermophysicaldatagraphs,80
UnitOpbasedreports,76
Toolbar,23
UpdateSimulationFormatdialogbox,34
Topologyreport,78
UpdatingaCHEMCADlicense,12
TowerProfilesplot,81
Userspecifiedfile,plotting,81
TPboxes,83
ValveTraydialogbox,55
TPXYplot,80
VBA
TraySizingdialogbox,55
Custommixingrules,104
Undocommand,26
Customreactions,104
UnitOpboxes,83
CustomUnitOps,104
UnitOpdialogbox,customizing,101
UsingtocustomizeCHEMCAD,104
UnitOpgroups,creating,76
VBAdefinedmixingrule,using,106
UnitOpicons
VBAdefinedreaction,using,105
Creatingcustomized,98
VBAdefinedUnitOp,using,106
Manipulating,38
VesselSizingdialogbox,53
UnitOps
ViewPropertyOptionsdialogbox,75
Addingtoaflowsheet,36
View/EditComponentDatamenu,94
Selectingdefaulticonfor,37
Viewingalayer,88
Listingofallavailable,5
WebsiteforChemstations,15
Specifying,47
ZoomOptionsmenu,27
189
Allmaterial2007Chemstations,Inc.

CHEMCAD 6 User Guide - Online

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CHEMCAD Version 6

CHEMCAD Version 6 User Guide

Chapter11CHEMCADTutorials ................................................................................................... 121

RuntheSimulation ......................................................................................................................... 134

CCTHERMTutorial .......................................................................................................................... 144

SetNozzleSpecifications ............................................................................................................... 149

ReviewResultsandCreatePlots .................................................................................................. 152

RunningtheSimulation ................................................................................................................. 166

PipingTutorial .................................................................................................................................... 170

BranchedFlowExample ................................................................................................................ 180

Index ........................................................................................................................................ 185

Overview of CHEMCAD and Its Uses

CHEMCAD Products and Features

CHEMCAD Features by Module

Run steady state

Sizing heat exchangers

Reports (incl. Excel)

Run subflowsheet META unit

SCDS distillation column

Tower distillation column

Tower plus distillation column

* These UnitOps will be phased out eventually.

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Installing the Software

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-01: InstallShield Wizard screen listing software components to be installed

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-02: The CHEMCAD Suite InstallShield Wizard screen

Figure 2-03: The Standard License screen

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-04: Status bar showing the progress of CHEMCAD installation

Types of CHEMCAD Licenses

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-05: The License Settings screen with default settings

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-08: Successful re-programming of a CHEMCAD dongle

Getting Help with CHEMCAD

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

The Chemstations Web Site

Contacting Chemstations Technical Support

Toll-free (U.S. and Canada): 800.243.6223

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

The CHEMCAD Interface

The CHEMCAD Window

The CHEMCAD Explorer Pane

Figure 3-02: CHEMCAD Explorer tabs

The Recent Files Tab

The Simulation Tab

The Visual Basic Tab

The Palette Pane

Figure 3-04: The expanded Piping and Flow palette

Figure 3-05: Search results showing all vessel UnitOps

Figure 3-06: Saving search results for future use

The Messages Pane

The Errors and Warnings Tab

The Run Trace Tab

The Notes Tab

The Main Menu

Figure 3-07: Viewing a buttons tooltip

Customizing the CHEMCAD Screen

Viewing and Hiding Screen Elements

Resizing and Moving Items