Energetski efikasni materijali i

dijagnostika termotehnikih
performansi zgrada
Fond: 3+1
Dr arko STEVANOVI
Institut za nuklearne nauke VINA
Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku

XII i XIII PREDAVANJE


1.
2.
3.
4.

5.





6.
7.

1.

BALANS
HEALTH

IEQ
ECONOMY
ECOLOGY

ENERGY

1.

: ,
:

11.
:
1. - ,
;
2. ;
3. ;
4. / ,
.

1.

(: SRPS EN
15251)

1.

1.

:

()

SRSP ISO
17025.

2.
1. ,

.
2. ( ,
).
3. (
)
4.
.
5.
.

3.

3.

-
1. :
SRPS EN 15378: Heating systems in buildings - Inspection of
boilers and heating systems
2. :
SRPS EN 15240: Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance
of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of air-conditioning
systems
SRPS EN 15239: Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance
of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of ventilation systems

3.

-
3.
SRPS ISO 9869: Thermal insulation - Building elements - In-situ
measurement of thermal resistance and thermal transmittance
4. :
SRPS EN 13829: Thermal performance of buildings Determination of air permeability of buildings - Fan
pressurization method
SRPS EN ISO 12569: Thermal performance of buildings Determination of air change in buildings - Tracer gas dilution
method

4.

:
( 12, ,

):
1. (U - )
2. ()
3. (
, ,
) .

4.
-

e se

qi
qe

. .

qbe

qi qbe qe q

si i

. .

4.

( ):

hc ,i si i Ehrad ,i rad ,i i

se si

hc ,e e se Ehrad ,e e rad ,e

4.

:

Nu
hc f , , c, , V , , X , O
hc
X

Nu = f Re, Pr, Gr

:
hrad 4 m3

1
m rad s
2
5.6710-8 [W/m 2 K 4 ]

4.

U:

q U e i

q
1

e i RT

R:
RT Rsi Rbe Rse
Rsi

1
E hrad ,i hi

Rbe

se si 1

Rse

1
E hrad ,e he

4.

:
U:
ISO 9869:1994 1st Ed. Thermal insulation Building
elements In situ measurement of thermal resistance and
thermal transmittance (Appendix A)
ISO 7726:1998 2nd Ed. Ergonomics of thermal environment
Instruments for measuring physical quantities.

4.

1. - e (oC).
2. - i (oC).
3. -

q (W/m2)
4. (,
, .) - se (oC).
5. (,
, .) - si (oC).
6. - rad (oC).

4.
(1)

:
, ,
().
(, ,
, .), U-
( )
.

.
U- ,

.

4.
(2)

:
1. :
: - .
: -

,
.
2. ,
,
, , .
3.
15.

4.

4.

35

18

3.0

30

2.5

20
9
15

1.5

1.0
10
0.5

0
07:30

U-vrednost [W/mK]

2.0

DT[K]

q [W/m]

25

0
12:30

17:30

22:30

time

03:30

08:30

13:30q

0.0

[W/m]

U-vrednost [W/mK]

4.

U
Rbe
:
N

q
U

j 1

j 1

e, j

Rbe
i , j

se , j

si , j

j 1

j 1

: , N .

4.

ISO 9869
o .
:

low

i1 i

( i )

:
N

high i1 i

ISO 9869:

T 28%

,
(< 5% ).

(< 5% ).


(< 3% ).
U
(< 10% ).
a
(< 5% ).

4.

U:
1. ISO 6946:2007 2nd Ed. Building components and building elements
Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method
2. ISO 10077-1:2007 1st Ed. Thermal performance of windows, doors and
shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 1: General
3. ISO 10077-2:2003 1st Ed., Thermal performance of windows, doors and
shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 2: Numerical
method for frames
4. ISO 14683, Thermal bridges in building construction Linear thermal
transmittance Simplified methods and default values
5. ISO 10211:2007 1st Ed. Thermal bridges in building construction Heat
flows and surface temperatures Detailed calculations

4.
-


.

(
) ,
(, )

.
,
,
,
.
,
.

4.
-

(ventilation rates) :
1.

a
SRPS EN 13829:2008: Thermal performances of buildings Determination of
air permeability of buildings Fan pressurization method

2.

a
SRPS EN 12569:2009: Thermal insulation in buildings Determination of air
change in buildings Tracer gas dilution method

, :
( )
(
,
)
(
),
.
, , .

4.
-
1.

a :

(m3 / h)

Q pT CL pT

Q50 CL 50 [Pa]

(1 / h)

n pT

Q pT
V

n50

Q50
V

(m3 / h m2 )

Q50
w50
AF

4.
-
2.

a (CO2):

Q V

ln Cin 2 Cout 2 ln Cin 1 Cout 1

2 1

G
Q
Cin Cout

Cin , Cout - CO2 , , (ppm)

G - CO2 (m3 / s)
Q - (m3 / s)
V - (m3)

- (s)

4.
-
1.

a
:
- , .
.
(
, , )

2.

a (CO2):
: , , .
CO2 : ().
.

4.

4.

Indoor CO2
Outdoor CO2

2000

1500

1000

VREME

11.4.2012

10.4.2012

7.4.2012

6.4.2012

5.4.2012

500

3.4.2012

Koncentracija CO2 [ ppm ]

2500

4.

:
,
;

, ,
(.
,
, /
, .)

5.

5.

() , , .
, ,
,
( 2,
SRPS EN 15251).

(. , ,
CO2, , .),
.
:
(Predicted Percentage of
Dissatisfied - PPD). .

5.

:
SRPS EN 15251: Indoor environmental input parameters for design and
assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality,
thermal environment, lighting and acoustics
1.

2.
3.

4.

:
SRPS EN ISO 7730: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical
determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of PMV
and PPD indices and local thermal criteria
SRPS EN ISO 7726: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for
measuring physical quantities
:
CR 1752: Ventilation for Buildings: Design Criteria for the Indoor Environment
:
SRPS EN 12464-1: Light and lighting Lighting of work places Indoor work
places
:
(. ,
.54/92)

5.
-

(SRPS EN ISO 7730):

PMV

Predicted Mean Vote (

)

PPD

Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (

)

5.
-
:

0 A a 1 A rad
:

rad

:

Var (m/s)
A

< 0.2

0.2 0.6

0.6 1.0

0.5

0.6

0.7

5.
-
PMV
:

Qm Qw Qrc Qre Qk Qr Qc Qe Qs
:
Qm
Qw
Qrc
Qre
Qk
Qr
Qc
Qe
Qs

5.
-
PMV

M W 3.05 10 5733 6.99M W p

PMV 0.303e 0.036 M 0.028

3

0.42M W 58.15 1.7 105 M 5867 pa

0.0014M 34 cl 3.96 108 f cl

cl 273 rad 273 f cl hc cl a

4

cl 35.7 0.028M W

I cl 3.96 10 8 f cl cl 273 rad 273

4

f cl hc cl a

2.38 cl a 0.25
hc
12.1 Var

2.38 cl a 12.1 Var

0.25
2.38 cl a 12.1 Var

0.25

1.00 1.290 I cl
f cl
1.05 0.645 I cl

I cl 0.078 ( m 2C/W )
I cl 0.078 ( m 2 C/W )

:
(W/m2)
W (W/m2)
Icl . (m2C/W)
fcl

a (C)
rad
(C)
Var
(m/s)
pa
(Pa)
hc
. (W/m2C)
cl (C)
1 met = 58.2 W/m2
1 clo = 0.155 m2C/W

5.
-
PMV
(SRPS EN ISO 7726):

-
rad -
RH ( pa ) - ( )
Var
-
+3,

+2,

+1,

0,

-1,

-2,

-3,

PMV :

5.
-
PPD
PPD 100 95 e

0.03353PMV 0.2179PMV 2

5.
-
PMV-PPD (SRPS EN 15251):

PPD (%)

PMV

<6

- 0.2 < PMV < + 0.2

II

< 10

- 0.5 < PMV < + 0.5

III

< 15

- 0.7 < PMV < + 0.7

IV

> 15

- 0.7 > PMV > + 0.7

II.

5.
-

(SRPS EN ISO 7730):

( SRPS EN 15251)
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
-

5.
-

CEN CR 1725 SRPS EN 15251,

:

(
),

CO2

5.
-

(Percentage of Dissatisfied - PD),
:

5.
-

SRPS EN 15251, :
1. :

(L/s/pers.)

(L/s/m2)
.

10

0.5

II

0.35

0.7

1.4

III

0.2

0.4

0.8

2. CO2, :

CO2

350 ppm

II

500 ppm

III

800 ppm

IV

> 800 ppm

5.
-

CO2

5.
-

.

dB(A), 2,
(. , . 54/92).
( ),
, ,
.
, SRPS EN 15251 (x , .1) ,
dB(A) .

5.
-

.
SRPS EN 15251 (x D, D.1) SRPS EN 12464-1,

.
, 6
SRPS EN 12464-1.


SRPS EN 13032 1, 2 3.

6.
,
:
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.
7.

, , , .

, , ,



,

( ,
, ,
)

7.

():
1. SRPS EN ISO 7730: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical
determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of PMV
and PPD indices and local thermal criteria
2. SRPS EN ISO 7726: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for
measuring physical quantities
3. CR 1752: Ventilation for Buildings: Design Criteria for the Indoor Environment
1. CIBSE Guide A: Environment al design, January 2006 (7th edition) The
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers London, ISBN-10: 1-

903287-66-9

7.

:
PMV - PPD
1. (SRPS EN ISO 7730):
= 1 met ( - ), W = 0
2. (SRPS EN ISO 7730):
Icl = 1.0 clo ( : . )
3. ():
a = 24 C
4. ():
RH = 50 %
5.
1.1m ( , SRPS EN ISO 7726):
Var = 0.1 m/s ( )
6. (rad )

7.


1.1m SRPS EN ISO 7726:
1. (si).

2. SRPS EN ISO 7726:.

N

4
rad

si4 , j Fp , j
j 1

gde je Fp,j , N

7.

:

7.

PMV - PPD
SRPS EN ISO 7730 (RH = 50 %)

0 A a 1 A rad 0.5 25+0.5 23=24 C

PMV

PPD 100-95 e

- 0.033530.2+0.21790.22

6.4 (%)

7.

:

7.

7.

(oC)

H=0.1m

H=1.1m

7.

(oC)

H=0.1m

H=1.1m

7.

(m/s)

H=0.1m

H=1.1m

7.

(oC)

H=0.1m

H=1.1m

7.
PMV (-)

H=1.1m

PPD (%)

H=1.1m

7.
AGE (sec)

CO2 (ppm)

Its much better to be

approximately right than
absolutely wrong !
Brian D. Spolding, CHAM Limited