Herzfeld - The Body Impolitic

Uploaded by

Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

492 views20 pages

Body. Impolitic,

Copyright

Available Formats

PDF or read online from Scribd

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Report this Document

Body. Impolitic,

Copyright:

Available Formats

Download as PDF or read online from Scribd

Flag for inappropriate content

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

492 views20 pages

Herzfeld - The Body Impolitic

Uploaded by

Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio

Body. Impolitic,

Copyright:

Available Formats

Download as PDF or read online from Scribd

Flag for inappropriate content

Jump to Page

You are on page 1of 20

Search inside document

‘Sistema de Biblioteca irda eo den The Body Impolitic fice in the Global Hierarchy of Value Michael HerzfeldChapter One The Pedestal and the Tethering Post Globalizing Loclty Antiansand are, cra and crafines nan clarsof European origin, people swat the des of mal arty with cunning and strug and ‘his asoicon has let poweral marks on anya linuage, Odysei the ay” (pen) was also, at eas by etymological implication,“ man of many arts" Ia English, an al dodge is eal flo raf elf ely tates he form of eating thew a cm game Tn Tian, the igh formalie language of ine ara is parodied n= popular phrase Pare be tht anhroplogists ad to work had combat the Hea of wives ser of vles Today however, athe very moment at which anthropologists have more o less sucessfully made the case for ei diverse and rel vs, some ands appear wo have become universal afer al. Nosons such cheney, ply cy, cl oie, an ight, enopereny, ‘cooperation, and tolerance serve alba yardtics for paroclarprters inversion, String even “dives” can bocmeshomogeneas prdt, So, toon train and ere’ the partir lf univers. The ineeasingly hmogeneous language of culture and ees consti rates ha! early of ae. This hire, which leary sce to the sales promulgated worldwide by the erstwhile cola powers of Europe, 'severywhere present but nowhere clearly definable ser vapuenes con Sets one sore of is author, ince, while often appears a demand for uansparency and account, ii self protected by that besetng ‘agunes rom ay demand that account forsale Whether a he most trogen Earocentrsm ofthe kd that atomically asues pide of place for Weer highcaltare”(selfan opaque concep despite a sapefiil ns of bvioumes) or ar ales direct but enensly more ial sumption hat some wayrfdoingshings are smpiy more decent or mre sf an oe ierepresents the mort comprehensive nd global rane form of coamon sense—the uma expesion of clr autoety® “This global hierarchy of valve therefore ents» strongly reified— sldhogh, asi, wut impli and difse—noton of cle. Tat re ‘atin betrays European and colonialist origin, nth springs fom the mas preoeapation math the definition of paces and cones th che terse the emergence ofthe modem atone in the heya nate ‘of colonial. Even those een dsourcs tha ate delay agaist ic Goch the “Asian values” touted by Singapore leader) canoe ape ‘the loge ofculure-a-pssession that both enforces the coperete aly ‘ofthe eny thus promoted and concmitsyfrors the commodieaon of ethics and aesthees” Despite these chetocl claims to permanence and lsolstenes however te hierarchy of hifi signifier and indies, since “phenslsin the dracon of power worldwide ell clr changes thin the mjo centers, may exuserevaatin and reefiniton at any sme More constant than any parla st of expestions is the conor ‘age sense—the common sense—that, tay ven momen, people know ‘wha tis, hat dhey now wha the god, the beau and the appropriate te: Asin any tem of ees or aesthetic, ts constancy lis above alin {he astumpeion ofa consensus dha papers ore dierences and change nd declare hem rlevant othe main busines at han, ‘Asis this homogenci- pring emioiclegerdentn however we muster the perience of loa ference a the level of everyday practice ‘nd interpretation * The language of universal moa canbe mapa to cancel as wllas to depres, such esis Init oetwand appearance, the het ofthe got hierarchy of valu is pertape a more sub Kind of toblizaon han that of company logo snd ft fone fall, not ob ‘iol ited wth special tere Is otaeysimmeiasy isle wo ts Decne, having invaded lol universe of commun ene loa weld", ie creates the sense of univers commons. This common sense that isn les clara than the loa versions ic appears o supplant ht forreasons ofsale and power beer equipped tohide that contingency ad so ‘o make itself ample ini” Ever potently sje o contestation but ao iboed wth dauncng sr of revit, the global ere ‘ofvalue hs emerged from proeses of world domination tha colonials bugan and that interational commerce and the international arangeent ‘of power bid fit complete" ‘Oneaspectof these processi the wayinwhich cern places ess, and ‘uur groups appear maria othe grand design. These ae the places {nd cultures that do not the design oprfecion; the more they potest its omincion the more they sem to contr their own marginal They ate the characterise preacepaton of anthropology, dpi hat bas long Seamed t be fsciatd by highly lacie clu phenamen." Dos ths mean tht today poled worl, athroplogy il ic matginal and ‘unimportant? On the coasts by dine ofthis ermparaely microcap fecas sogge, that anthvopology—vth ts intimate nowedge of alterna tiv oneepal universes a lel woels—offer one ofthe fe ening ical vantage pins ra which to challenge the generzing clio the soba hierarchy of vale Tis in such places that we can ee how argnalty "elf is acvely produced, and epradced in the lives ad beso hose who mus bea isin? ‘The key questions concern what forces are determining whit wll be ‘magia and wha wil be considered icant 1 eons hat Ierarchy; who arts agent? Hw do these agents subj the physical exe tence and moral world of ordinary peopl o loge that render hem sub ‘ordinate? In order explore hese noes shall eine sre very marginal) spaces. These ar the bodies and ves of + sxialy weak clase of people — Artsans and thee apprenicer in polly and economically marginal ‘own on an island (Crete) of Greece, which any eegard a ne ofthe ost ‘marginal couric in Barop, The apprentice often come fom poor hin terland wigs, fom among schol trun’, and fom orphanages They ‘has represen exeremes of marginal in several diferent respct Aisa ppreniceip here docs nevertheless resemble comparable instiasnal at rangement in other pars ofthe world To the extent tha the oa ula species that I shall dexeribe conse an extreme cs, they highlghe impor aspes of lobl inequality that ployer and workers nother rts of the world are beter poston wo cancel or moderate. The also ler sto the ways in which loa cure both ly into, a yet no ls fe query savers he ncesingly potent ideology va posite a global stm Cr hear of ale ‘Gree atsns and thee apprentices are marginal; but, paras they are nonetheless ply the ea exemplars of matin ite and radon. Craft prodotion in Greece very much part of niin and ‘commode flor, asciated with he emergence of nition conse nese and plored athe repository of ancient ile ad alts. nti spect the are microcosm ofthe whole county asi faces the consequences (of being sad wth an ancient heriige rafipople kno, howe, that {heirengagement wth adton sa double-edged sword. eral them, tobe sure bot tal serves to marginalize dem from ome a he mot desirable frutsof modern.” ‘Who in fc “they” are and what makes them ations are not ques sos, especialy sine many era deemed aoa in he inet et su tours eride are proce in the home and ae Hcy wews the ‘eran of profesional labor Should women who extend the wearing ‘oftheir tose ems to the commercial sect be So cls? In Gree, east the are almost invariably not ncaded ia te ele of technicians” (ethno conse dhe closest eategory to that dented by the English ‘exm “artisans” Women who pode lnher goods for yi all work ‘ops do quail fr incason: bat hen what ofthe young women wh work stant to aidrener? When nthe course of kw Ike nds how apprenaces” Iwas ofen told both abou thew git and about the boys who were once silany employed s apprentices to barber, so hat the implication appeared tole that any uade in which apprentice esmed| mana sil oppose wo accounting o over-the-counter ting should be deemed risa rom this re summary i clear that he category of ats sia sionally defined apd that alo parlor againncoaty—gendered. Mos ofthe apprentices me shal be considering i this bk are lays. One ‘reson for this be astl-ingering sense that women who perform manta Inbar for wages ae placing thr reparations at ik by spending too much ‘ime exposed wo the public gaze A rhe eon thatthe histori = den of ale slaty in the craft gilde that existed in Greece during the ‘Ocwsman perio has left legacy of le exsvees, wich the depatore oflshme ces di ede wo temper even in many par of Westen Europe, where men were incorprsted into ome puis by lie but omelet (fen unpleasant forms of hazing, it would hive heen a ad fly hat voali have ben wing wo sea daughter enter so male-oviented ie" Yt another explnaon is tht women ofen dicorer hat for them ener power does not exly actu fom competing in the normatieiy Ile arena of eraft workshop, bat that they can equi tht power through the achievement of higher educational cedeneale. Some young men affect odin that option onthe grounds tht ton greta privileging ofthe nd ‘over the body dereans thee manhood (and perhape obese this unsther admisionsoFhaving filed the requisite examinations nt trimphant ‘oat. But educatonalachevementsas, and inconsequenee of hated cleon of body vee mind, aught with ambiguity women almost 35 smoch a for men: wile owe ia the wider national context serail se to grow rom the aquisition of Mercy and theoreti knowlege, hit vale tntion gts reversed in he al content, where theory ms wy tothe hort ofemboied experience. The erent that men who soe highly ducted ea playin larger areas, hey erie some degre tora —ifnoe plical—suthoryin the lel aphere. By siricing the purity of hero Alegiace in other words they gin aces o econ and excl resources that how who are ambiguus artisans ennot usually hope to tain, Greece and the Genesis of Pure Tation All this 6+ eetevon of linger dams of power, in which che country sa whole i subject eo multiple pressures The Greek’ marginal stats i the "Ween cinlizztion” of which they ar suppose founders and yeti imyporane respec: lo the itis, raly Iter her exergy lies at very tun inertionalyemlarraed by succeive government canals tnd actly aware oftheir dependency onthe Esropetn Union of which Greeceisamemberstae enjoying nominal fll quality with hehe they find themseles derided fran oberon with whether oot the areal Europea hati tulfhe produto eryp-coloia” set of esthetic and thie arma * The global hierarchy of alue peas more widely dsrbaed even than soul be the case ie appeared ony in tows coun ha reprint the storie remnants of dtc colonial ule Several counties that were net (or only bet) formally ealoized by modem Westen powers Circe, Turkey, Thailand, apa, and Nepal cme especialy oid have proved nolessubjec oie expos domination, which wis ten so well disguised that paradsialy peered oa claims to cxpional standards fiber, "The Thais claimed the speci meaning of “tee fr dee atonal pe the (Geaclacelebeated th independent pnt of the vr and geri own "tiers" lies whom dhe newly consiated Grek authorities made t theft onder of business wo suppres!” Th cover eral domination seeps insdiousy imo mader orf expansion el As Msi Peleg bs pointed ot in his examination ofthe Tha heritage indy, an eee ‘ized uation there became engaged "in the representation and commi= ‘ation ofiseasan object of des” with considerable puliicaligicane | “Todays cata shoes ras likely wo be called by a international eoxposte enterprises by esen the most perf of government Bat older patterns remain atoundingly durable; even former closes hat arguably have be ome colonial powers in thir own right (the United Stes pehaps the ‘mos obvious candidate fortis description almost abseqsoaly reproduce the dea that"Farope” rte source of high clare" Ges, which has ad to nope the ides of Europea the tovctoneof ile in ones way eos ‘hm to sachood, clearly endorses this perception to thee at he oat level Bar iemaynotsiery well with ordinary people, whose empaths = end oft e ore wih che tanditguerlas of he ht for independence {han With he authorises who vaso wed wo contra, coop and pprese ‘hem inded, went entry histori and poll debates sour Greck idement (or ohervs) othe European mane contnse tings, a lest ‘ybolcal on whether there bistorealy showy fers should beeen as ‘Recaro the heroes of Thenmopyie oo the eegulas who fourished ‘hroughoot the decaying Otoman Empire ‘Greeceisacounuy created and Inde bythe West for vrs that were ‘oagreateentinventedin the Wese the glories felsic clare intenely studedand reformulated such universities as Gating and Orford during ‘he Enlightenment, werimporel daring the Romances ina Gres, 0 | ‘under a Wester-mposed Bavarian monarchy and hureariy” Tn Athens = parelyAllanian small town dragged into meriy by being made the ational pital the orescence of pecs architecture signaled there construcon ofthe present as Iving pst, but the lel architec (nd ‘pecially those aspects fe ha seme orc the Orman pero) was ‘demolished ae quicy os ponte Domestic spaces nonetheless retained ‘noel interiors, often with dstncy Ture -soanding names forthe ‘aio fears i contrat othe asia names ofthe exterior ores. Tnlenguage, above al ordinary speech was ncresingly orem at both cadet and frig,» medley of Tarh and Save nflaeoe, and was ‘replaced for gaa edestional poposs by the newly ereted purist an- frige, Masi, ar, and olloe—everything was redhsiczed sn» forma ‘rented in Germany, Britain, and Franc, Only the Onhodo Church which watched thse development with gent unease sn feared heise of ne P= fnism, escaped the oficial neolascs but slater ay cries mains, ih some jastication ina Webern sense a lest hi fora xi ‘ments atonal church breaucratved ia Profean”iaitaon and forced ing mode tht discarded the mystic of tue Orton. ‘Greek independence was thos highly condtioal. The boergeatie that ‘emerged out ofthis station was ebollea wo the Wes, che relgoossuhoritis mite the rations of the West and the seademic cx Tshmene, especially during periods of miliary rl, hithflly reproduced the slf-demeaning ology of Greece the European ancestor the pee instrument ofits owa-—highlyconditonal—sats and power. The blithe, ‘tonalite cecdenalom of the police rghx wing a ts bourgecis fl- lowers a well asthe adalat fis Western adie (any of ther sed in oll and ideologies! raport wor, emined dominant the closing years of the event century. This ccidentlsm continues represents poerfl major view, enfored toy bya sense of defending the European font agaist slam an the remnant of Commis in he ane of ecliberal ales nd ions. "euthecriaaltenaives remain ver present nol sania (ond noe aways very fective) exerci But aso a5 part of everyday Led ‘perience. here imch nda ita doesnot the Meson although ‘ich to, has changed beyond the pint of nortan ls precy bons ‘ach fetrerartn Be found inthemarginsof Gresksacey that vem thereto idenifyandunderstand the junta we ma eamine te concent marginal of Greece isl inorder to understand “Exrope” «historic ‘onsru. Too mich of the current sci-acence wring on Europe ignores ‘Greece (and her relatively weak counts) and so necessary repoduces ad endorse al ange of European vss Ie ase that tre people ‘shodonotconfom to nichisone are ieapae of cing in accordance with European rational Internally asthe example ofthe caren switch fom ‘the drachmatothecuroshows,theinadequaiesofthe state apparatus ir less reevanethan people’ personal competence o del wih ne staons| by fir means or fol This ia reading that doesnot acep at fice vale the abjecvism associated wih the spreading bureneraaio of Eropeas| deni Gree ths resis un importa and diapone sen forthe arog -eewcensupponedl universal modelrfJecrum, democracy, and elion con the one hand and highly loaned interpretation of sal elaonships fon the other ts mronuments are arguably the mos dramatic example wichin "country generly regarded ae "Werer,” ofthe procs Peleg esrbes {the unversliing commodification of heritage. But hiss what makes t ‘thnographicaly tx cs auch fos sies athe Athenian Acropolis take ‘on difeent meanings or lal eidents determined octet the dominant inteyettion in ender tm preserve their wmv of tinge? Dependency om an enconpusng Earocentrm of perspec isp ‘ast, feoneted, et of Gres In ontatnthe moment sites of "Sas ani, very habits and indent art forms often mea more detrei response rom the sl pointed arbiters of atonal tte, Heres ‘heultnate Greek ape: hao aunty forced tort everything fi {art he time of he naon- rate foundation a Treg,” wile importing {clear argly invented or least redesgnel—by Geran eats of ‘he late eighteenth and early nineteenth centres For many decades, and slmos without intrropson, Greets were foreed eo pu aside musi And linguage that were deemed too ented by the “erent” inflances of ‘Onoman, Ara, Savi, and Albanian calaet forge the pavly Ann root of moder Athens and its environs to re in l-contole contexts suchas dhe schools, the medi, andthe law coors nari ange sy ‘accaly modeled oa surprising escent on French and German but ied earl of pre” ancient Gres that ha oppose been peserved in these quintessentially “Western languages and to contemplate the arise ture of Brvarian neocssicss 2 more genuinely Gredthan the homes and ‘churches that had been thei utr Seng for any entries, Alhogh thissiacon has notably abated since the fl ofthe colonels noxious and otis neds reine in 1974, x influence om current ates swlake mc longer fae Till mnipreen, sometime ae cone cer wth ving op the pba irate of ue represent, smesnes "san angry shadow of roy tha tng etry politica cular cton Thelanguage of acim Greece itself very suggentv ere ander ing the peculiar elevanceof Greece wo understanding the dynamics ofthe lobal rary, The Grecktrm fra ek the rota the English ‘ord “aiology”) has sna verte shoal of etymological cognates, all of which are mediately ecogiable having todo with vation 2 one soi, altura nd moral. Dignity” atypia) Sintenance of ‘andarde (kira) “evaluation” ail by poar—thee words redo- lent ofthe prs language (swell af the lig sexe of "worthines) but today accepted a the nol speech associated with public dso, all represent fragments ofthe elt ec aebaed to clascly derived ‘West ideas Whereas bapa sponsor hl a abi with much hear soling apprabstion fr performing pious dy he oer terns have mentioned geneilly accompany sober fic expressions of agent sndauthry They alo resonate in every sal oa ofthe cui m= ‘re bec he enmologl rot they ber his grown dep int the so seilofagonisticrlaonshipe throughout the county tbe worthy” aia) 'sareputation thatallseekin the fc ofeach others persaen challenges At yea Christina Vekou suggests for a norther Grek commis p= {ely thisqualiy hae can ate the mon desractve inf." Ia these communis estheamemptto devas others that acl underscores thiestanding: they re worthy of one envy Such the tre meaning of gois- ‘icrelatons,n which che mos pose of relionship—ineloing pial alliances, marages inking fais o dans, snes prrerships, and even Friendsbip~are predicate om both pst host andthe constant threat of its reappearance Local, ale ialaysunsable. Inthe bighand wllges of weatm Crete the stn enracogil root can take the exp farm of ‘pening velbrelat dence tha sometimes joclar and sometines a ‘means of contepruoady dimising othe cist socal worth the die lee cognate ar and fora man ail to tke care of hel agin in ‘he face of challenges from his pers Sch eymologial eonnections serve as convenient hooks whereby goblaed concepts and local socal ieohogy latch ot each othe They tace the contours ofa encompasing Semone hat infor the parted the cl ou ths ret Hogue spor ‘may sere t givea sense of how notions of ale ae caught up im—bet ao ‘etree theaogh—loel and epoca expecence. ‘Gree exemplifies the partial ylang ofthe centri of atonal ide- alswith aggresive idonyeray in many ways The rein neal tension louis omermoch othe long and compler proces whereby theislnd was tothe into the Greck state, a wll 8 to the enveloping and concentric ‘miu of atonal claims to genuine pola nd clr independence fom both the Ouoman Fast and the European West. Crete became part ofthe Greek state relatively Ite—in 1913 afer a serie of setbacks and Intermedia ges By that ime the town of Retherno, aed ata of eer ding the Venetian ers (1213-1685) and the eeting for my account of apprenticeship in this book, ha faded na fel backer, a ironic reverberation ofthe Wieser view of Greeceas "ol reicof departed worth in Byron’ Famous ‘endescendng phrase remark that rom the use defines Gree’ role inthe emergent pal hiearchy fale Iemay therefore not be entirely ecient hat Rethemnorwasto become asian topos ia modern Greck leratare 3¢witnes he writing of Lilla Nakou, Panels Pevela, and Andreas Nenedais” Even in thi rl, as poraped within Greece at ‘maeinl place, by writers who wereinvaring deresthemseves marginal the literary mainstream ofthe coun The towns marginal stu, however, serves tounderseorimporant aspects ofthe cull and politcal dja, ‘that have made es, Rethemnos has never ben completely ignored by the pli center, ‘whee i Athens or inthe age snd ere prosperous Cretan towns of Tro or Khana I has, rather, been atthe receiing end os condscen- son ha expos impor ampeces of ational altura ealogy and ii practice Iwas (and the it of neverending comet between fc es- ‘lenesand the national consenton athortesoner whether centro domestic and other buildings shouldbe preserved o placed by modernist conveniences as happened toa mach greater dere ia the larger Cres ‘owns justmentoned the argument ws payed atin the ange offal course, with chose who wanted wo peeserve thei old home en in the ope of canerting them ato hotels resturants) pleading for retoron fans fortes “Venetian hows wl the more in aor of ean seep demanded perminson to demalich what they conterpronnly called tit “Turkhowes"™ ‘That argument ise lamrates the dopres to which the language of noclsicim and « pro-European understanding ofthe gba hierarchy of value had long since pervaded poplar perceptions and sought, seting the oc pie on a wide ange of eur epi, shaping the very spaces in which pope ved ou hei ives, and ecg the wy they doo rated thse spaces the fod the tthe tens they wed andthe manners hits with which they accded meaning and vl to these lived real tis. The “sei fe of thing” aoe sory shoot mater gone lone incorporate the ling pacer manners, rests ilk, daly experiences, and abi ofthe people who vaio inhabit on, andl hese "tings Social existence takes pace in and through Meologclly Iden presences, and crluaton aor, economic, eshte, ad plc ithe ert ‘make sere of ther inthe flow of daly ie “The owe plysical ic ber writes co the continu stages 10 define and anf thoveprevenes. Among the prowl monuments ofthe ‘Veneta architect hereage ie Tarish minarets and does the shy cemented homes of por rl migrants ie for space with sear bx ‘qe «fw of them sporting se parodcs of cla architec ex cures Many ofthe ole Barings ae of ambiguous deny: bal by lost rmasonsina common syle that sted rm the Venetian antl wellon into the (Onoman year mow of tem lack ear consratondater which is what es So much lay tthe tes, conominterets and dolgia ook ofthe owner determining ther te, Overthe years decone shat whit ‘vst be preserved and what demolished were enhanc or unerined by “he local taking mates nto their own hands, hey maple theo Slideology—according to which nyhing renal ws by finn mark ‘of evi sit thee intentions and immediate nei. In ther eventual, however, local decision taking flowed norms genrsted inthe mason ‘opal andin dhe universities of Wester Europe. Both compliance an = Stance coniemed the was marginal othe march of mosey veh respec, th eget the preseason of erg.Embodiments of Marginality 1 the same way the conduc ofthe boy takes place ina space aged in amataly opened cl directions. One sees aggressive tratonais idee stance, apd genre At he tne of my ldo in the aly 199%, ‘oe elderly man from the fbled southwest of he land who Hed to sat ‘entation alng one ofthe est shopping streets of Rethemns sil ‘spore th black hedechi nd white boos that are considered dinsve “mblems of his ative dst and ts roe tacos, 8 he psionatly bc sereiely drummed wp suppoet fora Cretan baalion co go and ght foe the nacional cause in Macedon (and angrily esd to dies twit me because, he ined was undoubecly as); he also hey ignored ete whispers tat he had not behaved ao ervey or patviocally ‘ering the rel pevations of Woekd War Il Others rere and merchants or the mos part, wear well-ct(and locally produced) st their wives porting thecarentidomsof bourgeois respectability from Athensand brand Cas {ress mordy follows Wester European and North American sles buthere is aways spenking of os olde men and women partly dese is ‘the daieiegah-—turbansandjodhpursfor the men, headscarves dark skis forthe wornen—dhat mars them a vilges fom the hinterland, in tows for 3 day of perhaps rasating encounters wth Superlioas bankers saul barescrat or fora shopping pre tht wllabo eventually take hem ‘he watering holes of their urbanized collars av ving in Rethennos, ‘where they gulp down rounds of nen-cingling grap and nibble ny rosst putes drenched with fesh lemon juice and sl o the glistening. cn ‘mel bck an geen Cretan oles. ‘One Rethemniot man, sel profesed ineleeta and sl pubished uhoe who lived largely offinherted wealth and his merchan brother anc, rd o have is ull entity bh ws He wagered around town in wha was almost» parody of Cretan lel of masaine comport: sents head nediingsagely a ism ponders promos nd fis mptient sol dave of ther’ opinions and god nan, hk pace reacted and hey a thogh he wee sl wearing the hese boos of his village forebears and his specch peppered with selepaise and rics of hace saw asthe unmanl}~dais unaggresive—body since tomate) ‘ok more sel- *hrpologisenertably do the course of aking questions, es ot the ‘eal expressions ofs profound recon andres of advantage fom ‘the undergrowth of amie and welcoming endiness and wo eels any fof the contour ofthe lal hierarchy tht wl be exploring in some of its ‘onic realizations inthis book “The sense of evasive suspicion sometimes instonalzed to aur prising dre. Theta fc, or example, comvnced hat no one woud ver fell dhe ath unt afew years ago automata seed ele propery 1 doule the declared value or more Yes wold be wrong to oppose that outsiders can never gin acest reliable data in chan stmospere ‘Somecims the dia emerge rom the very ccumstanes hat engender spi= ‘on, as when wo tals pour nt infrmasion—notnecesarily ofa damaging ‘arity —thout eachother Sometimes, on acts that technically vate the law of moraliy have become so routnzed hat he serve nly 2 enn stron ofthe speaker’ ingemiy, the Sly of bureaus, o spl the fac that the etnographer once psn sling fons queton about what creryone already knows. ‘What ceryone knows is nthe sme logit “wea the wisi ‘of some more powesul force, So general was che ileal employment ofspprentices, fr example tht few fan ofthe arsns hesitated oe quite ‘open with me. While their injred complaints about the unfimess of govers- ment egisation my have been preempeve in caegrilyabsobvig them from blame for breaking the I, these lmentations abo exposed 3 deep ‘contdicon beeveen goverment spor for ional raf on the one hand and its aor isurance polices onthe oe. Ths, prado the artis, by being uncharactertially open abou thir deface ofthe law (andeidendy conden abou dhe autores prgeatic arquecene) were claiming elle mergmaiy that alo expressed » degre of voldarty and Intimacyinthe aco the stat owe formal. The staton epresnts = Tong proces of alienation from the lun Venetian times ape atieships ‘rere contrat, whereas in Osoman tmesit wa the gush provided {3 powerflineuconl sanction for des elaonshipe. Modernity bas nat teen ind othe arsana raes perhaps the greet decine and the harsher marginal appear inthe tnsformation of apprentice fem rexpecable ‘idioms of dsepine to a prearion ling onthe wrong se ofthe Ta thee page Tpit the common (ut fn unvers anthe polos amvension of tudjng marginal groupe: The point of 0 doing ‘ott del onthe eo for sown sake bt onthe conta, explore the djnamis of power a the centr, defined in various ways: the sate, the ‘eslthy the intraconl economic communi, tech the edcationa ‘ystem, Inan care sty conducted ang shepherds engaged in recprocal ‘nina vheftin the mountainous zane of the Retbuninos hinterland a tes {hat supplies Some af the towns apprentices ad with hem some digo ‘esol atdes—L argued that the local eremes of mal elle nd sesve Housing of mate authority were not so mach pc a emblematic” ‘While ina sens ould oe aim thatthe villagers cis corresponded tmarecogizbly Greek ode of sail norms in thelr species dey shed imporen igh on the dynamics of Grck pola and soc interaction in ‘woke regis, Fie, they represented le perience, afer nee twa cries of rational independence (and early a cenury of Cretan incrpinson i> the Grek sate, ofthe sapped pia its of sndependence and Bere siauthortaranam that oil hitoriggaphy claimed forthe heres of | ‘he national eoltion, among people who wee alo widely considered to lhe stunchest soldier defense ofthe nation in nes of wa. Second, they ehbied «struc feature that underies many other Greek soi ‘races even in tls where the ind of frecbootng and isoociant cheek Shown by dhe wipers would be considered rade and inappropriate This {he patra whereby isially hostile reltioship fen muse ove Sie, nd wo 0 one surprise, into alliances and even endchip: ifthe shepherds "ole to make Fiend” and while the convenion of bole reltons be ‘vce fis into marriage es i ell documented wn sophctes tril sometimes ao engage na pter of challenge nd rpote thc ore rs int alarming when they fit encounter i Waiters, informed tht they have Beought the wrong dish Dae the eustomer, the cook, o the bens eveyone bu dhemeelver—and lth customer iow ently what hey thnk tf the impertinene of questioning thee competence but hey ny well end the evening jing the same cintomer overs sociable bole of wine. Acs emia profesional Greck ends to whom Ihave recounted experiences ‘of my own nth vein immediatly eeogize the pnre—for gee most ‘erin ietiisble throagh progression frm host to afi that ‘sence normative "Thesame people who inuvely recognize the seuctural commonalities of sch station recoil in hororat the ies that recipoeal animal the, tr anyother equally epehenatle naughinen, ight figure prominently in dscripdons ofthe nation’ clare. Tel reaction to, exemplifies their en talment inthe global herachy of sae. While is conventional a dply ‘hg a he ane of the fanctinares of sate and church sie, nt adore tansressiv aeons of manyknds inthe couse of intimate conver- ‘avons, he pubic presentation of rational selfstereoypes i eis ‘he imagined expecaions ofthe so-ealed vied word. Hegemony and Heritage Suchisthe pervasive operation of bal processes feat domination and change. Above all is here dat we ca dscer a else operation of hege= ‘ony whereby the delete centres that we el eel word are caught ‘he spider web of bal ae and srg: to protest attempt espe i ‘cel whats ey and often, leads them 2 lok intel below, hdieremedahiinferioe. One only aso think ofthe at of desk ship sand workers inthe United States, for example, rsa ito oats of rebon dha bring reiton an farther marginalization nui wai,” tosporeithow sccefly the neoliberal conomy hasnt vm rues of ac and conduc a ball slFevien. ‘Nomaterhow glazed the sure, however, there arealway cultural specie due do make a difeence.™ Tex are matters oll rection Asthropologsts musth careflnot tobe edaced bythe appearing ‘iri les they themsetvesecome encrtally complica popaeitingtheides ofa universal serofvaes, Whi for today would sopport she noon feature sb saiceniy defined by sucsoca and extol boundaries ie ‘equally important nt wo go tothe othe extreme and dissec elu ‘alaer—however ephemeral o lable to dramas change irlevant ur understanding of how global processes afer people lies. To do ois ‘to bay ito the lbalising of ale tha we shoul instal sje ese tnd empirical examination ‘One path through which rick» generalization of the bal ar beome an are of faith i the IReraare om whet Enc Hobsbse and Terence Ranger have ale "the invention of ain." That pb phrase does at least sucestillycaere the sense of agency that as superseded the ol ae ‘root understanding of the unadorned term “rain,” The weaknes of the ‘mode is inthe peep psion i acoeds elite mover and shakers and in noe recognizing ha all eations ae in sme sense “inven.” Butts frosty tat one benef ofthis eratre hat bee «growing sarees, ‘hat he very ids of ration ea modernist oe: peopl al not the at anounced they ween ational vex A eorllay of this isgh ie that hertage” another term that playeaprominenroln wring sbouthe ‘eso the pat lal phenomenon one might speak of the palzaton ‘ofthe local or ofthe cular specio). Rethess, the site of this edhnographic std, saan point Incon- seringits OU Town, ewel of Veneta and Ouoman domestic artes -poerament fas ndconservaton expr tse ih resident ret |qustons of heritage vers convenience, the entire debete farther intrsi- ey the enormoar iologia lad borne by those wo anocet seeing sword Veneian” and "Ottoman”—proxies fo comping ideologies to's European and pst Byzantine ident, respective Hore ofr ex- hibits of oe handicrafs sai o repesent ancient techniques preserved is thesia of dhe counts oe reborn thanks tthe lol asin Fa mena sess, whl tourist shops ped acl sugared wedding Tunes and simplified versions of lagers) hung bags along with epics cof cawseal Greek hans and books prckiming the ansgusy and pers tence ofa rf. Thee ae global foms of lal ein they sl orkid “The heyday ofarisanshipis slate n both poularand scholarly isco, a some poine during the lng hoy of the roman Expire tna ths reprevces choice berween being ether the repository af ancient shill atin a4 susined ae of cultural since spine the foreign ‘occupies of Grek land or the inaction of the “ork” ples ofthe ‘occupier Undertandabh xt arssans and thi admirers op fr the iat ‘ofthese choicest enables hem to oct thr poctvity t Ue ear of (Grek claims to having originated European culture in gene “Thisyoking areca sts to che mane of ret pt ha engendered 2 paral eral irony. The sure bs, the inition ancient ass and the metal copes of museum eis ae not thei handiwork tei and ‘mor ft, rarly wo be Found prominently eibied in those spaces to which the tours ids and ols pont a repoitris of ton The excptions—the ocasonal ron gril fr example, or 4 new wooden oor —are rarely mentioned as products focal arsnship. One might have ‘expected historic conservation to have prided the opportuni fora real fofancienc raf sls. But lala tet the thing that dono pen 3s much 2s thse that do. Consequendy in Rethemnos a dace it ‘ar forthe local ats to be compechensiel sneled inthe cone ‘a8ion efforts tall In fc, nameros arts ae dappesting or lesvng for chesper ride areas where the architecture could not by ny stretch ofthe ination be yoked to images of traditional fey 1 ave ob fered the same phenomenon in Crete, in Rome, and in Bangkok, aad ie appeaes tobe very widesrea. Gentreton,especlly inthe contest of fartenlabo sandards and the sing costs of ra materia crene pos Le conditions for most artisans. Many are cpltly laced, wile hers traf themseles nto ais of highly indi mer et hers produce unigue mules of tational goss afew rvgn themed becoming middlemen-sometimes at ere prot poorer arn ong since departed from hee dries Tn some places few arian become ving components ofthe mascum splay, showing of tee techniques inspec desgnsted areas in what nos vistors corey understand a commercially mostated elf pao ‘An atempr wo do this in Rethrpos, however, failed preely beau, Scr ey actor found he very ie abr pin, Lhave heard ey sir ‘led fom a spacally ropean moder that the ee a coming only {oom the ununbiaocalyayprie bu vaguely defined space of abroad” Policia alo reprodace the encompansng hierarchy im thei shattering ‘condescension toward arsan, who have already heen so ciel lt Inco aceping this loge ta hey colle in recogniving the “evidence” om thick based" Arcsns fal hte even their ova i, let alone wage ‘amin oir, and fll oa over what an ouside wil lay be ree Seoteds uimporancinartersn which the ave invested exesivepemonal ideas indeed, 50 te lope goes, bets wadisonal arsans. Teen, t em rere ttlge ‘One aerpted ston, insted by the goverment run National Or «ination of Smal and Medium Bosnese and Handerfs henetoreed [NOSMBI old sting up srinar or altonal retin bot-makers ander artisans, The dea was wo gethe arsans themselves to each hee frais, There were dhe key poblems Fist the rats were wo be tog ina ‘manner that serial aitinal ints atetin deta and methods of prodction, bt that in consequence effectively placed its products be {yond the economic each of mor our mom sles would ths expe ence long-term ffs spy intensting thei already catestoni ‘nrgialization in che economic phere. The other rw problems concerned the petgogeal context Espcilly important was the ming circumstance ‘hat mas artisans were completely unused wo teaching trough verbal i= ‘eruction; any wer ao unwling to west the seminar st more than an Sppareny esy way eo make some quick money out ofthe vernment n ‘tof the alibeyuthflenthsass who signed up. On the other and the ‘ens were already school educated byend the pint of being wiling to {keep the often abusive behavior of-maters” othe dpe conditions “under which they wee expeted to work. The effort wo create the sins ‘apy came unraveled, confirming the view of bth thse who hd initiated ‘and the students who were expec 0 aten dh the artisans were an oath beyond al psy of redemption. Not ony dd thisailure one 2 generic setereoype that holds Geek t be incapable of any sre of perstion; ao confined the local ele sense tat hee Greek were ‘Specialy recline. “These damn are given particu eling wit bythe facta they sreenmeshed inthe atonal dsnune abou whether Greeks are Westen” (oe*Faropean”) or noe. This explicit a goldsmith, or expe, agrecing thar busines partnerships were noublyuistbl ia Rethemnos, conrad these, unprompte, with their counterparts in "the Anglo Sason countries” nd abated the diference to "mest" popalr device fr exliing ay dilerences of stats in the plabal ech of ae In thi heme Of things, Grek artnane representatives of + tation dein! by so tale mentaliy—are rapped in atime warp not oftheir owe choosing” (One frsgn-edvested leather designer commented that the Grek stale ‘to manual labor woul have to change, "so tat he won hink tht ihe pos todoa ob of work he’ some kind of humble porter” Tae notion that mans labor is demeaning i indeed common in Gece, eventhough labors abo Sen 8 more honest dan the habits ofthe ly drones in he pic service Sector the mora high yround emerges ar a weak ompenstion fr pita ‘sana, bot ial nthe internalization of the global irr fale, ‘hat many arias feel they hae rom this perspec the arsine fie correspond othe bly charac ‘erof what they do. By deiion they are people who work wih chirhands ‘hey commonly profs to despise learning frm back, They are “people who cra i feds, people who dal in ea rather thn sbaracion (he abstract noun derived these tens meas cottage indy inthefener ems)—and, soil, hey are “people who stagger alvin ‘They areaware oftheir central oe in the deiniton ofl ation ome, too, ae gute ware of the mays in which the elie can ae thit imi thir ‘conomi accese "We are the spinal column ofthe Cretan economy, Were ‘the ones! The rafsman andthe sallnd medio operator” andthe sll merchant. ewe [who perform that oe} Moreover, the ate prepared | Boast abou i: doing 0th one—veryprcatious—thetreal elim hey ‘in make onthe attention of sae ches grievously ignore them Te stte “doesnot ok afer For them, were the as hole But in brane swe arent the st ole we're the ase. Despite al hat they ake no account (ofe" Thee sn doubt that he arta can ite cle perceive hom the deta of radon serves to limit theihopes fr bee ie ‘Ariss regard the state’ nlc of thei interests a fa fom benigs ‘hey super that its noc accidental ata. Tere may be some basi hie ‘sspcons, butt understand how ta could be the ete we mst gun tar ‘othe wider, internationa contain which questions of alueaeneporiated Assocetis lke Greece come grip wih the problems of rng oa fem and ante to some notion of moder leaders begin yng ecse ‘he de mascainiy of parca fom thei ide. Yt do wo rests oer tension ou of undering pardon the mos incite par of human testence—the human bod} abo the commonest metonye Foe rest public manfesaton, The tenn “body politic” capes the ironic pedis ment of every relaiely ew nation sate, especialy one bors in reoleton| sist tyramial oppresor. That aontte mast now tae sppest Impose ts own author ey public matercon the spaces cons pracy hate has “iberste rom he er oppress bt tha he sate regards a al bearing the incviy ofthat oppressor eutue (or ak of cular, na more exliily Eurocentric view): domineering alone ex val predation, boastfulnes, uncouth manners and muse rank selFivere, td dep fr all ut clove kn, The cizens theres may not be best eased by sch forming zea wickets the Faia and the itm Anuihetc to he value of ofan and ef ede. Cita’ Boies are in fact unlikely ever to Become dil, reine in struments foc eologel claims despite numerous historia eit to achiee that end—notonowsy, in the case of Kal through the aplia- ‘ion of pied form of “eriminal anthropology” and ober vane of ‘rc cleansing" To the contrary the zens bes may represen he ery amathesisof everything a goverment wants o establish what Norbert las, himself unconsciously reproducing 2 gall hierarchy of rae that vas already well entrenched when he wrote, called "the cling proce” Indeed, they are the ukinate tgs of tac proces, which may be a good eal ess predcable and iinet Elias, gun nck i the exponents official tate ales, appears to sugest. The smporance of tien bodies tthe locas of this mma is challenge forthe at, which eke on tol the space in which pople move andthe meanings they ete. Te tate ‘cok leptmaton inti on tradition and nthe emai loyal ot thizens even as tho cama avert the linn peterson the sate. The mos irepresable and reverent etizens may often be bo the foot soir andthe most impasionl exponent of ideology of national fred hat bh stains their loyly tthe maton and yet ao feeds tie insubordination eward the state and i regimes of manners and ict. Greece, the masta shepherds of Cree ph that tension co an exteme, sd ther whan arn rfl ae not nena very fr hind them "The tempat, homever, has lap ben foes on how a ics fin conform, bon how these resto ahve unfrity ag is consttive bo, insional and somatic This dacs explain how ‘bodies ean convey some pervasive aspects of identi the state woud prefer to nore as unseemly and potently embarrasing. When rare soil an Iystemphasies indidal bes, cs usually a ite of “einen” rather than part of ht innate pace of depute fom oficial orm on which the very existence of the nation atten te neverending need We Cle omenive any with internal comple and diverty—aeays depends “Thus, for expe Susan Brownell has prsosiely shows how the Chinese communist state hs resimented athe odes in the navonal exe and [Arthur and Joan Kleinman have sicly documented the way in which i vidual odin, dplaying wha ar eal deemed phological condition, ‘hereby rey he flrs ofthe reine” Yer we sill mi for Chinn a {oe sll ecer part f the world systematic anderending of holes nd ational alta underandings are reproduced in mas that allow cizens ‘lay pasion clam to natal idemy vena they dey the state laws misbehave byl he loa standards of propriety, engage i ld and ‘hnoxiosac,and chest and swindle thir way to economic prosperity or Poca corft—all aspects of culura itiney that pace of der hat 5, prada, necessary wo the eesve fnctoningof any borsicraic state ha expect to ge the loyal and semblance of niform aes tof ‘es reoay mulform tizeny "The eae cannot do without he spaces of cultural insiny Beasts ‘mos fundamental metaphors—body and umiy—presappsethe presence of oxaorigl fame socialakeratives to proeieu:If tase ey metaphors fe tobe persis, the ofl world mst als atleast ily acept thecence ofa “backstage” spc, to cxpnd Erving Gina’ er in which eoplecan, tera guratively let theirhaidown. Ethoographyin he ‘working sacs where “adn is produced, reduced and mode, in themida town resting with bots comprehens orc conserion flor atl precarios but signet ours industry, would eet fer ‘tn epecllyluminatng view of how those metaphors are grounded inthe ‘experience of everyday Ib, ove and if chapter Two School 1g the Body ‘The Aesthetics of Reproduction In the noises of Rethemnos workshops, where the shiling of machinery cating through woodandmetlande ard sinkofshavingrond lings may bil even the mos anit of itor apprentices bend to thei sks, feching het wooden beams and ling objets perhaps a hr own is, thei regimented sence conrasng dramatically with the mundane racket ‘ound them, Many sccm meek and wear an expression tht sie uneasily beereen adolescent resenanent of 4 world they do nut yet know how to control and boredon fom the deadening rows of workin which at rey tur, they are prevent om aking any intrest bend the eqirements of bedizce tthe master, Appearances, a we shall ce, are deceptive and the mask of indie nce may well conceal lively interest and engagement. Nonetheless «bend ‘of diplne and boredom predominates In these workshop, artis ard their apprentices ae primarily fashioning objes. They ar a, however, simultaneously working in Susan Tero eling phrse—toward "bot so ‘al maturity and work identi") They are leony eer, more ‘precisely mdeling—reaions among ees. Apprensies bodies are rained Imo ase of what Pere Bourdieu has ealled “hpostons" the end prot ofthe procener of sytem incalestion tha sediment” the trues of power nd sacl hierarchy in people's boil habits which come to ince bed not preg the hase rechnighes feat Bourdieu formulation isan atempe wo explain the apparent pas sth which ordinary people secept the dominant acems of thei sie It San exvemely important argent which elaborates the Mare concep of ideology a “fils ensciosnes” by providing an eaplanaton of bth ts

The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life
From Everand
The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life
Mark Manson
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (5794)
The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are
From Everand
The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are
Brene Brown
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1090)
Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It
From Everand
Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It
Chris Voss
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (838)
Principles: Life and Work
From Everand
Principles: Life and Work
Ray Dalio
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (599)
The Glass Castle: A Memoir
From Everand
The Glass Castle: A Memoir
Jeannette Walls
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (1712)
Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel
From Everand
Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel
Jesmyn Ward
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1103)
Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race
From Everand
Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race
Margot Lee Shetterly
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (895)
Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance
From Everand
Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance
Angela Duckworth
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (588)
Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike
From Everand
Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike
Phil Knight
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (537)
The Perks of Being a Wallflower
From Everand
The Perks of Being a Wallflower
Stephen Chbosky
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (2100)
The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers
From Everand
The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers
Ben Horowitz
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (344)
Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future
From Everand
Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future
Ashlee Vance
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (474)
Bad Feminist: Essays
From Everand
Bad Feminist: Essays
Roxane Gay
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1015)
The Outsider: A Novel
From Everand
The Outsider: A Novel
Stephen King
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1839)
Her Body and Other Parties: Stories
From Everand
Her Body and Other Parties: Stories
Carmen Maria Machado
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (821)
The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)
From Everand
The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)
Viet Thanh Nguyen
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (120)
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer
From Everand
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer
Siddhartha Mukherjee
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (271)
Angela's Ashes: A Memoir
From Everand
Angela's Ashes: A Memoir
Frank McCourt
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (440)
The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living
From Everand
The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living
Meik Wiking
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (399)
The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century
From Everand
The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century
Thomas L. Friedman
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (2259)
A Man Called Ove: A Novel
From Everand
A Man Called Ove: A Novel
Fredrik Backman
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (4609)
Brooklyn: A Novel
From Everand
Brooklyn: A Novel
Colm Tóibín
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (1937)
The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel
From Everand
The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel
Garth Stein
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (4200)
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
From Everand
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Betty Smith
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (1929)
The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)
From Everand
The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)
Sarah M. Broom
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (98)
Steve Jobs
From Everand
Steve Jobs
Walter Isaacson
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (806)
Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America
From Everand
Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America
Gilbert King
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (266)
The Woman in Cabin 10
From Everand
The Woman in Cabin 10
Ruth Ware
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (2322)
Yes Please
From Everand
Yes Please
Amy Poehler
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1891)
A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story
From Everand
A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story
Dave Eggers
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (231)
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
From Everand
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
Doris Kearns Goodwin
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (234)
Fear: Trump in the White House
From Everand
Fear: Trump in the White House
Bob Woodward
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (738)
John Adams
From Everand
John Adams
David McCullough
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (2409)
Wolf Hall: A Novel
From Everand
Wolf Hall: A Novel
Hilary Mantel
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (3811)
On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal
From Everand
On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal
Naomi Klein
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (73)
The Light Between Oceans: A Novel
From Everand
The Light Between Oceans: A Novel
M.L. Stedman
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (789)
The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America
From Everand
The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America
George Packer
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (45)
Manhattan Beach: A Novel
From Everand
Manhattan Beach: A Novel
Jennifer Egan
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (792)
The Constant Gardener: A Novel
From Everand
The Constant Gardener: A Novel
John le Carré
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (104)
Seremetakis The Memory of The Senses
Document10 pages
Seremetakis The Memory of The Senses
Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio
No ratings yet
Roselee Goldberg - Performance Art
Document110 pages
Roselee Goldberg - Performance Art
lmf8420
67% (6)
Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore
From Everand
Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore
Jay Sekulow
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (137)
Little Women
From Everand
Little Women
Louisa May Alcott
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (104)
The Aesthetics and Academics of Graphic Novels
Document4 pages
The Aesthetics and Academics of Graphic Novels
Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio
No ratings yet
Carlos Fausto The Friend
Document15 pages
Carlos Fausto The Friend
Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio
No ratings yet
Korth Barbara The Leaps of Faith in Social Science
Document16 pages
Korth Barbara The Leaps of Faith in Social Science
Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio
No ratings yet
Reddy W Emotional Liberty Politics PDF
Document34 pages
Reddy W Emotional Liberty Politics PDF
Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio
No ratings yet
Monique Scheer - Are Emotions A Kind of Practice
Document28 pages
Monique Scheer - Are Emotions A Kind of Practice
Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio
No ratings yet
Colonial Hanoi and Saigon at War
Document30 pages
Colonial Hanoi and Saigon at War
Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio
No ratings yet
Bozal Winckelmann
Document8 pages
Bozal Winckelmann
Jaime Enrique Barragan Antonio
No ratings yet