oe” CH AID sexeecses W)*® 20 vwest Grtuctien) (awy®- vPu® Ga) tong e+ G= We (away®. (eay*u® = awtk to Iu -¥ wes” let 32 Saby & § aabby Ls U- {aabby ge ret flo itre Cad hb pinile > we knew Ute Infinilé 9 Cep-e = Daft. tong — fivile (aug eS Prfinile bong Fates. Shia Sass AT-NOTES! onte QO 06 @® © fabpa,baay Wud of He following. stlngs are % UF, Le) abaabaabaa =U, L* on.0.9ba0.00 ut, oF baaaaabaaaab? baareabaa bara Use set aolation bt describe C. Ls {Aababbay v fw: lwl>a,we s*} Ait x be ang Language ona ron-emplg alphabet. show: that AnH La Inf PnFle, Uk Poff. UC: Uee = Agel = fu? fam above, to omy car, bot camof be C.@| @ Are there any languages for witch LF -(2)"? * ael es > age lat (L)* conlotms 2 ; ve Mo Jonguage salisies ®-()* Guy. tek Gu ke wel, VEld ul, > ww (ou®> Gr*® vtut uty? Y wy. we fqud’s uur oy Ube Show tad (L4)* 2. Uh ¥ eb. dS. {ab} Uy 2% 5 Saby" (2) > Gaur)” = fay” fe ee @ (uny*s Fon # aie r Guu” > fF uel, vel» ue e Lu, , (uou)® = vy*. ort Z ufur®Frothina shina Sas AT-Nores ore > (Exercises) ocr 2e04 @ ww. ec ft awet Une Gu)” “ con wy. (@w"] , (ey. (out)” a hve abt atnngs with ro more then 3 a's. Coe es Find the Grammmais toot genral. tu seli of follwing, for 2%ai @ Pr all strings with exaclly one a. S~ Aah A> bAIA wb abl stings with atleast one a. Gq: C fast, , sP) az ( fast, faby, SP) ac? AoA wee aAlbA/ 2 S*AoAldahar | fahahaA Be 33% a AatahaA ho oo Ge (fast, z,5p) A-zoR/A usith atleast Sad. $3 Aahohahk Gg. C fash. 33° A> aA/onia fasp. 3,37) Cd> alll shin Pe aaa : haababa: Rate 8 Aahahak > aaa 85 AaMahafl *-> ahaha ~> baafasan > baabatal > baababa y~®, 6) pean ab,abab A>bS 82a L Mors? nro} . , @ What fonguage docs tue Grawmos wilh Hane prduckions genusod eae $a > Bas Aaa oo i & wale hinges. B> Aa l= Bz r0-lerminal yyrtbol & Gene ig £2 $abY . for eackoh below anguager, ffrddex gramwas thal genase it Gz fab: nzo, mony Ps beens ° Gi C fast, fa64,3,09 A> aAb/ A/ Ab tut: b: SvAbob % abb 5° Ab Jesbe-jabb abr SaAb * bk +7 SpAb > bb Gs fay ; nx0} Re S$» aSbb/A G (ist. s/s") A: goa oabi62aSbo ~< : 2 abb: 3 3aS8bb->abb v ' ab; Sach 4 aah 7 2 aaab Ss aad A> aarblAAF ur ae ATMOTES core ores tio ™ to (erercises al . ; n3em € las fa", nza} Nema n2ze Flas Fal”. mzo¥ whe Ps S—> aaah A> aSb/A : G-(tns'y 2,3, ?,) ge Uk bee farm?” ; nzo,mon » Larprate™ ; mkx0, mony 9582 S2AB $5 AbB A> Cb be aAbl X/Ab Cy aCb/A/cb B> obbb/ 2 8> aBbb/A Jat; abbabb: 9+ AbB > atbbB>abbb> 7 © abbabby bt sy aba y bBo bv boi x 893/98, @ Gul: S> Ab/ B A> aAbl r B> aBbb/2@ is {a'b*atb™a"b™ + m70,m>n } 84 AbAbA gar ® A-> aAb/Ab/ A . reget: abababa. $4 AbAbAb $5 AbAbAb — bob » aABbADAB Test: meoime: bbb mo:m:2 bbbbbb $> AbfbAb + bobbbb i un tee Lorb™s ng0,mon} * s>sa/pr 6a A> aAb) Ab/ a ‘ul Av Sar @ bhaabbb: $7 947 caAb 3 SadAbb> Saabbb > a 3 gAaabbb-» aAbaabbb -» abbaabbb x vgect ~ aba S5SA > Sahib x A, las LAP EM: M7Z0 Gy | a Uy e ad y be farb™ : nz0,m>ny} betes GU) = GUsAy Gt Q-u 7 xp @(ch#t.2 + exercises] vaca "eer 06 ee” Fed the grommacs fo the follncing on S~ fey @) le fw: Wl wed 8-0} S+ acaS/p © Le $i: lol wed 3 204 1,2,4,3, 9,8, fo. S> A/B& A> aaaAla. S>aaaS/aloa ®>a0aB/aa Test: gaaaqaa: $24» aaad >aaaaaar > acaaaaa aaaaaanaa: x © {w: Jol med 3 A lwl mod 2 3 mod 3 mod 2 # tee mod + . 7 ' ye. yoy for} oc + 3 ' ° > Stip every oe 7 [: 7 , 7 t J 2 ° A= Alalood «aa laacaSlwo] mod 3% lwl mod 2 mods 2 iA $+ lalaa /aaah ° z 3 rlalaa/ e@ 2 = x) A> a] aa-Jaaa-/aaaa/aaaas} ! ¥ aaqaaeA 2 v ° v 1 v Test gas: S2aaah x 2 “ Sas $5 aaad > aaaaa ~ ° i] ; y A Y ° v ; v a y 8 Le fawh: 0 € Laby*} bes @ 25 a8a > abSba+ abba abba abbey b&b» bbsbb» bbb gM gy x oo Give vebal description of @ > aSb | bSala one . ee In 70 ordet of wand 6, n0- 0} ah au, more ong shing. $508b > aabb» aaabb bs in sbsa> baa bSa9 bbSaa, > bbaaa,aby ie € @ GY Le fuorno) & apts ty 4 we know dor ls 7 wi raters mpioory de G> Soss A=AalaAb|bAal, Srasb/ bSa/A gy & & Sy S8a./a8S/ aSb/ ba //Al/4as lpae® 1e 0 v Y g 5 ® & e coy 8 % € g é a E v &| e : —¥ A8bbSaa SoAbbAaa+ abbaal~ > 33a : > bSaa— > bbSaaa + bbbsaaa -5| bbbaaa a) Sa8 > beaaash > [Baaae] ~ \ G tea nye ax sslasoiisa lala add. any ne os . s 2 PheS/asb/ bSa, ve) © Le Yor nau = 2 n,u0>} S 85/ a8ba} aa%b) bSaa/ abSa/ aSab/oa%/r Bor agp aabb : aasbh >aabx aaab + aaSh—-+ tex aah # Sraabu ababbhaaa: ¢oSS> abSa.> ababSaa > rbabbaSaaa aaan0abhh : S$» aasbh > aaaaShh eons 2 aaaaaashbb—» aaaaaghbh\ ¥ {. 2 fue{aby” » | ngcto)— nyo | = | Equal 7" garg wor t/ Asana Ab|bha/ A yw. Neo) + | 8 Aah /AbA S—Al® Ay AAs aAA] Aah) aAb! baa] A Bob] b88/ BbB/ abb/ bBal A Be Kabicy @) Ue ur Mato) = nptw? 4 ¥ arb + cevaisging we know fpr $583/a3b) bSa /eS/ A Ze fab} malo) + Mp) welb4\ : ¢ Vouyhg 3/aSb) bSa/Az Sr Aah $y 20/456) tel Ay ralanelonal Al > gy * 2. fobeh? 6,93) aSb/ b8a/ C -r Ral C-+cC/A Agel beate fe Nat) =Np_lW) 41 ay CreLIA é > a88/ $80 / aS /aSb/ bSa/ G G+ cdla ©) $>$8a/a$s | Sa8/aSo]b$a/eS/A be Far nquoy rnyeor} $783 /aSb/bSa/'B/aS/ a, Ceca, oS 8+ $8/a8/aSb/bSa/ cS /® ©) Le ws mgt) > 2 nor} @) § + $$/¢8/ aaSb/ a8ba/aSab/ abSa/ baSa/ bSaa/ So Aah [Abd Etelmuor-miol =} Sm as aft |bAa] AA, Sr SSTES, ) baSb/ absb/ bbsaf bab] bSba7A oA |)Prathima Bhima a #12 Facer EMS Oy ocr og exercises i Sy ab) > quesates fou. nz0} A> aAb/r Sar Ss aAb > ab S> ahb > aatbb -yaabb Le YA,ab,aabb....} L= fats 20} G teu S- ahb/ab s SI = ene A» aAbla S>A Sab 8 ab $+ ath aab S> aSb- aabb $4 anAob—> aabb be Lab nzoy Lz § Pb": nro} 08 bol grammars represent different Sanguages - “bag au nol eqySvalaut ST. 3588/SSS/aSb] bSa/X YB egitlvaleut +o a T ue veovi ss a sss fe Sossf belly au representing same Gawmars whe -MalW) = NECw) eo ST. 8p asSb/bSa/ss/a, Zz 3 >aSb/bSa/ a Soa Sab roab $488 s0q aoél, eae Ly[aunrren 1-8] Td is q sequen of (eters aig, unduscres td must slau utth a letter o¥ unduscore. ® @® 2d allow upper dower care fatters . sample. nis eo > cletler> crest > cundser>erest> crests > cota rcrest > /edigit>erest> / /2 chtker > alble|.--3lalele--z > olila. - -la — — etter! a carter gar e aigt undser Sa/dig | under ble Scamp UE a Vos 2 apr feo Up + @3,bi) %p = Aum bit de ee ees on ® Pastece #2.) Ceample é Example 2 le. 2s nd Apa, that Aauoguises au shings om 82 Faby wih pufix ab, “YP 82 é b ab Find a fa holy accept: all tte sings on foi} except those containing the substing ool. \ a Oo 4)” : ° Shoo Hal L=fawa: we faby*} L regula. bb Guo thot Regulo. =y 2a SSO, Blow Dyo- b @ ab 2 EfLawaaw,a: W, € 14by } B regular. “ve... at abo vegulas pire dg BepS rat wits, of follsing ou cemplid by 2&0 SD cool ooooilo, * olcol fey = fab} consul dha's @ all shings wil eradlly one a. 8-9-8 S-@o» ® alt Sings with Mo Ve than das. od») a Sage wll lat ome a Q @least oma ¢ exailly 2bk. @) all. shang with 2as z wore Han 2b. alPrathima Bhima NOTES aT Dare Eons ii ocr = eo : HW: adr Botte EF, esulbi 4a accep T, ie Le Jawa; we "fF Ts B acepled by the changes to 6. Mz CG, 3,8,20,F) ae A A . Huan LIN) = Lt) Me (8,3, 89,, OF) @ Ls Labrub*: we aby} a © EF wabuy: we faby*, we aby eB aon 22 Job} Le Jw: wl mod Bo} © L-fw- la) md s 40 ¥ DH 0505 0! Gd) Le fw: mqtto) mod > Mb? mod 3} cy Sp ob : SF a ts Bw: (nauay+ D7y0)) mods <2. BY QieH 2.1 Tan = subding of langle. ee # enely of same on 2. Faby did dha dpe Prathima Bhima ASS AT? CH 2.[ CATE Pacer: toc ae we 22 oh Le fi avery an oh as ha Laugh 2 oF 3, Z imiples one a b accepliid Ff Tat: aaaab x aabba ~ baba % baaah KW baaaaxX ao ans of as of ay Lee: adh 2 fig woaaw / waaawaaaus b bob ao ga : OO ®; Oa; Og 00,0008, / aa boaa. bar a ooaoonbar) S 2 no wis of ats of Dagih 3 2 van of, os of bongh 3 aabaae aaah aaabas “a ELouy Bray 00 followed boy | Tat: : ' = qoiootl! a cicoor — X or lov © iy \ oOo” Al) ahings cerbaaing op bul wot 000. oO . esti OD1D0 1) OQ rIrQe® a cool i \o01000 >< ' —@ys Me! 38. fom sigttmosk. eee qe? * ToshiExample 24 fg Example 28 oy” = Ms CQ.2, 8,4,F) 8 ax(Zufay— 23 er e-@ “9 « Eonunyl 5 e QO os . -®—O>d bao? OK” A—@ a» Lin): fwes*, 8 (40) NF 7BY Sed dja. dubinad by -Gy28 b faaayuga:nziy 02620 O)6 =O find above complousu. 006-0 68@q@ 2 «8% Ca, 1011) 8°€4, 00) 9 sm) > Me Fd 4,01) a © fa 210 + 8" C90) Stott ol e@ s Cty d) * aad O| ge: x ja 2} $*( 9,010) > 8"C2,,010) 7 8°C%!0) > 8°C4,0) Fh $*¢2,,00) ASA 0) Ge) 8 Gu) $1400) > 6"l4,0) 7 £7C% ,2) * @ @ mo more Han 5 Sale /daign ufo do Fabab?: nzvyU faba: n704 ard Ov GP a CO-OP 2 0.076 OSPrathima Bhima eA cus AT ba PAGES: AT-NOTES OTe @ Gott rfp wie 5 alates dev fabavey* a Ge SO . oe” O-0ed Gn-T be done im far slatud then 3 No |abab”) eit = 3. gor neo ob) can dower than 3 Grd ho. ath 2 stl at accel atals be possible & Taringa} v f brat: m0, k209 &. 1 . 00s 8'th,00)-» I% UinF = B wed a O10: [At nFag sefect oop: £ RIF aeept 0000: £4 4.7 tetG @®@ What ¢s conplaeus of ° x S ot Lie +@ a = complanunl of A aaaa, J * 0.6 2 9.8" all stings ete) >| alk strings Mat a J VY 1s [FE] (eatin ss m dp) e a of ©” ~@) O> ar Gb Ol ° state: 9, Bi feey OF td ja fant Me wh 44, 2Y ha ny @ 32 Q-©fg: 218 D: $%%y TD: f 2, 2h 49s, %} w QO! a 3 aly EXERCISES @ @) Yad vinta dha for ® Le{@e", nyo) mar} i 4; . 2" Ly apiay, fa taay 14% Ivt (0%, 9%) ot 41% CA 4) oo so ao | D: (a, 44) A Ca *B9QrO~O | ' — (4 Or aa) (4408) | : vs =a fae" : nz2,mz1 wii wal O ve fay, nzoyu &ka: nz} O Ufa: nro n#s¥ ee % 00 €F (a aser “(4D (AaaatF (rsa), (2a,daade F D @ OOP 0 op Ger e ae Dstale tairine sn fate yt 24 womra6 8 ele vTolal 8 |ylp ° 2 Pe Fan IcCHAPTER 7 3 RL eg RG a) Uma) 2 Lap v LO) e Ltn) 2 boy. LO) Cat) = (Leo) be a LCa*. casb)) 2 LCa*. casey) = Ele re = Lh Lucio} | a (dy) aby = frameY fab} ' fat yu {are nz04 ® foe setae | re casey" cat’) i ganvy” ce aybb, aa ,abb ,ba, bbb -.- } Eoample a4 | ve a)’ (ny'b L= {oat (oby b: nz0y ia yore + nm zo} Ze fou} : vols ableast on pair of consecutive Bees. * (041) 00 Co+t) i * rr — (uro1) (ota)RG, RUS ae exenuises L (as? b (on 063") Find stings (il <4. {2,a,b,ab,ba,aa,bb , aba, baa,aaa, bba., bab, abb,aab, hb. {A aiab, ab , abo, 000,}.. - lwlea! f b,abjbb,ba,bab- - - - 4 (@41 co4n*)” ee, tour” d : 419 denoti @leat ore pais of conccutive o's ges. es T= CuO" C11") aieg denola mo eantecubive gesoes, L 100" Cosas get (Gort Coa Ay) G4ord* grit LL = UDF 04d) ny eo Crnecsibie geuoes REQ fa": m25 me een} aaaa)(bb)* DCU LE (@9"es" + cafatouyb ]REx‘) © &@ Gye fore". nz4e,m=23} oaan. of ( A+babb+bbb) ®D ye {oer neasmss} (+asaar aaa) Cra bt bot bbb) Us fam med m3} @ a = RECT) ain nea we 134 (ry abe! QU possible ule, brageen Cr4 04004000) 6” + a* bbbbb™ + f RE i) (gab>*ba Caxby™ > 8 Gs fa meg, mesh N24] -m>3 Gs conn" b* 4 o® bobbb™ + (aay* ba Corby * \ ©) 1 (ar*baar + aan’ baaar pte w:a" :n70 wo: a! mpz0 b hang even A4 on hot, ends or b hoving odd 0s on bot ends.Se sonar 23 cer il Exercises @® @) Se faked ©) no amore than 2 ab. €raélly ome a. A - ; =) eat + + S ¢ oe . ne be be | 4 aU beaca Y “ + abv bran x [corer*a(eec%a (ra) a (Co+e)* + & cs * ae)” + (eee Ce” + 20 te “ r* (bro%a (b10)%a Cbee™ ] AS abc Tet) aay aaa x bea Y ©) @leask ome occrsrance of cash tyabol in 2 * is ‘ (arbaK arbacdarbeacyc casbees™ \ ) m0 mp @ Jule 2 t y ~ Ct acaarbac) O1,2 + a -r 5 €) me's oh dr an mulbiples al s. ws ee ~ eC aaaa” (bee W ae obec) * @ Ending in of (Axooa on +001 Not Eudiag Pol: a +" © Sen wool Sewes +4 # Corona)? 1%0+4) / (oor)CHaPTER 8-2 Ree? _ Le weRaby = ratwd B even, nywry B add }an Prathima Bhima Ga APs zea ATE rae tO 06 — O] as hd iz @ f (= b ey”) . “gr Qvork ab " » Bl wy da? UCao# 4 aba®b*) age ' 5 transition @ pap. @ —D of ) "8 mae O>% ss v= 0* (ob)abCabs bb + ( - a aa™Casbab ) = J (esbdab bb +ab aabbbbb b b bb ® . SS e fe braa » 304 77 or © ae ab a(boaay ba bb| eee? on 2 =taby @ © Sw: nyrw, Mp? ave even © albbsa gapat( bi) ba ® p Q y KS 2 __® f ox by abloyla. U ‘yp. 9 ne at a > + (acobs*a] [b+ acbbo*ba] [aasabtbbs*ba) [beabetbs< av an ) A #33 | dhas! Owen aot] | Abad |e a/b KN Vn DETH:873 ) uUa=9 gor a 35 abA Ree 1O—OWO A> bab & > aA/ eb © abo. 5S Q © abkid, Test: abbabb “7 5 ® abbaahaababb~ abba (aba)*bb Ssapbb A> abba Bs paba /A reg, Uae? fare". np2,mz3} RiQe S> aaAB A> aAlrA 6> bbbC Co ber SpABbb > abbaBbb > abba Baba bb > abbeCaba>* bo Lg S— aaA bbbS Ax aA/j 85 bB/x LUG: “a S—> ABbbb A> Can Cc Calr B+ BbId$+ aaA/r A> bA/abs @ @» pee RG? 2 *RObY i @) — M4cw), NP ae even. 62, ho Oe eet] Af QO od ew a3 4,5 bts ]a%o 5 (©) o> a4, /b% » q » ce 4, > a%,/b?, ~ ® (a-%9) od ae) daw ~ QW O@ Ge ~g Ce b Prathima Bhima Gass AT Chg. DATE: Pacer: 26 Right Quotiout : Glee. Gs {ob mer, m704v Sbad Sr Lommel} a . de Ge Q @ . OAD Fino Alex ane? [ a. & bs @) b @Sav ol? No Gna” (ba0*) es A a a G ae O28 Ss -©@® va” OP oP > ocr 06 RIGHT QborieNT a/e2r i : - ‘ 2 nodes@| &® a carab) * +0) eo B-GH e —s) oy abb @ bo quite AY aba’ * 94 at vo a me va! pobaExcem| su Example S2 CHAPTER S-1 Contexr- Free GeRaMnars A Grammar G = CUTS,— & cE al productions in P are the form Ax (ze (wer)* inev) = Cfsh,favy, 5°) S> 08a abba Sas Peace > a8a > an8aa> aabbaa Sbsb “a= Sww®s we s*t S42 Gs Ps SoabbbAa + @iboalt>” Aaron 3 abbbaakba alee po A> anBb Pabbbaabbaababa + akbadbbaa Ab dba B> bbAg ~) abbbaabbaabbAababa 7@bbbaabbaabhababa) Aad em ce) fablbbaa,y bbalba)” : om20% sr Sarum | ntmy %& coilat fee. Ls fanpr s nzoF Se ase/jA ) S> a3b/ aA/bB Sr A8, (83, A A> aA/2 ee By b -? bB/A Sah Afvarrpte. S-¥asp/ss/2Q 84 la) = Sw: WE fa,by*, Naewr = MeCUd = ® Mal?) znycly) , ¥ te any pepe poh S08 + aasbb > aabb $7 8S > asbae 5 abab -. | deftmost FE _Pighd Most destuctions : Sa Ae 3 ~aaABl A> aah A> a0Ar Leay= {aM s rm 7.0} A>» Br Bblp Bt) k Erompte ‘8-4 0AB Ss0AB + abBo —-abb) ® A bBb $ > 0AB =) abBlo b&b rab bb) Ba Ar £5 QA® > ab®b bbb» abbbbBLb-y abbbbbb lta: fab” 970% re 8-5 AB se. Ais Pe a QeCHAPTER : 5-1 (Conrexr face Granmars) é@ Ae Q: (1,37) ra] ae cwry* 1s i “ ( tet fed se) ua = awk: we taby* F 8 a8a Spee G@% CFG, but not regulal. 842 ‘tse SrabB Sa abbbAa = A> aoBb = abbbadpbdba . B> bbha 27 abbbaabb haba =7 @ {pbaoptoaalbadbala e AoA do) pb benaj bbalba” 707 G1 AL gone enemy mem C Sa sso/a ) ae i mem 2 men tye | Pe 5, 7 BC S> AB | ‘ oe As @dla i = é aa : S+ AB/ec B+ abb/A = GI T,5)P) A> abla C> be/h© ® S$» aS /ss/A > Ua)= {we Saby* - nylwrenglw) , Mal?) DY : where 9 te proftx of wo 4 So Ae cant . Aaah lA J Lz 4a bMm nro % By Bo/A (exercises ) s S+aSa v1 —— $+ bSb @ & Sar 41 SRE IN Ss S38 1) yay a) yD) ® R n70,M20 tnd CFG ox yo Le fare”: nemaay 4” mem memay ee i S3asb/A -—rhrEeM © n-m+3 ~—» eee duaaah 2> add omy FAA 5! Aa Q nem > add o- ok B > abb/) 43[ APaAb/ L Meo i M20 Mel M2 ¥ Sr aaadé A“ av Cava A ahb/B ' Met! 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SaSb/W W- awa) bWb/a/b gst 6) ce) aabab : abab Srasb-y X & four. nz} sr Dis crag or U'ts ceg ¥ Ke! Sr T eg Gas CG. a"ba™ b™ SAA! ees , ae TS cg S98 /aSb/bsa/A = OG CFG S>aSb-> aaWab » aabab 1 atetatb™ - apes SAA. .- Bee) A> OAb/A a. Aer, Cag kK LEG oan SOF eGflow duivation Tre for aabbbb SAB) Ara® Ba Sbes « #) oF 82 ( Presing ¢ aneicy ry) Firing a sequaree o| frductions by schth weta) & duved, Exhawtie reach bas flows . © tedious © Ws posible Lal th never tavwinalis fos a wf Ca) A amber dre Crammar G-cvi.9p) & said bea amb Grammas oF s-grammat * all freduchions au of de fem = aw] - #eV, aet, xey* = Ay pots [Rah] oeuss_ab mast ene iy P A ceq % sod to be [ambiguews] F ture exfits come wei(@) Hct has atleast tivo dislinde cleuvahinm tees Ssas[bss/e YS 4 - Grammar na, (Aa) neve supeatt S a8/bSs/aSs/e x th S- Grammar 3 (Aad stheat taugle A vax S$ aSb/ss/A 2: aabbOne way to wole ambled %& DO Assoctat. precedunce duly > change semantics roles wag B to wil the Grammar . st Crew Grammas that generalis CR ambguous, dan Ct called | Prhererth ambi EXERCISES find on @G@rarmar dor LCoaa*b +b) aoot*b Aran Gay x $+ aohb/b a2 al. y saa Ab /b S> a Lb A@AIA are — = 87 0B Can0* bibs = (aob +b) ah FL 7 00t J we ain en a gab. ax (caste D A ay ~ Srxax / b Yo b Xray Yoay/s ast . Waa: s5ax »a0a¥saab aon Srax+00ys aoe ye aah) ae ® ®e ebad cag § find on ¢Gammar dor Le fa"b" nzly {ore ny 2 UG) $aSb /ab Beeb - S+asB/ab Ga) an ~ /® 8+ aA” B XX A b/aAB Bab Gad an sGrammax geo te {aren nz} apt! snz0 ane inge S2aSb/b mye S - aSblaabbb Subslitul neg. G@obbb: gabbb_ -._.— an ban » leew aA eo” . [A708 \S+ oX/aBy |X b7 | ty i qt - i b | a aabbb : $3ah > aab »aabX - aabby + aabbb — aaabbr:$»aA-y aa® >» gaaBY» aaabxY» aaa bbY¥.aaabbhbShow that the placing Guamman ts auubiguous: $2 48/008 Aralha Brb w= cab We aab : iN / \, bd; 7 xe 6 A@ A weoab st A Sion distinck duivation Sees a above - , Ihe Grammar % AMBIGUOUS. Conshruck unambguous guornmnan. oe abo Grama. aa A (@) CENCH#S-2 ey Give Auivalion Bue for (Cash) 869+ Ab arg] €éat é he 7X T ae Foi E> C47 d : Ta te F 14> Fle) Ni L7 @/ble et ig (C carb) #e ))a + x ~ Sg *% ™~ Ss nm Ss NV vv ~~ aa# cL e Gre wmambiguoes quommas eguvalat - abet al piles pass on 3: fab} + Lab abba, ab. (asb) ea 94a8/bS/r S rash] bSa./ss/ a/b) a $-2aS/b8 Ja/b ogee. igs Cad} S aSX- /bSX RE: Xx a/b of $2 Ss/aSbjesa]als a ohal @| st % Aogage Le $ wk: we faey* & aot inherently ambypanus, ww all ‘Goa ammac ale 8 $+ aSa/ bSb /alW/r pe “Te ox —alobaa bbe.“ aa wou ab” Ag UG) ay a.$a,/bSb/ afb \ “8. sy g | Draiebslares2 7 asx le Y el + Seba a/b ae b @ | rafal vs6/aapBb/aaa foab/ aba bb jw’ tn | Sra8a/ssb/eaalaba/boojbatlaa/bbSroplifuahion of cf 2% Normal forms & e" Q. ( fat, fared ar) A» alana |abbe B> abba /b As alaad lababb Ac] abbe : { G4 SA | Gh aon &> OALA ~ AsaAlyr As ohla ~ A-yaAla 63 Seaslale Sead falc Aaa Cue Boaa ae é Calb 84 asla “| Saas 95 0bJab 42a$b) 3 ~aSb/ab 651 find CCG withouk D. pooduchions $4 4Bac O adu@ “As 8C @ ws: ase bs.b/h my z ' ve} Com Sy ABat/ Bal/ Aac/ A8a)ac/Ba/Aa,/a. ee A> be/ase B+b C+D DrRules Ge Bliwinali A- Rocluckions Rules te Elivinali. A-Rooluckions o Check that A Ua) @ w:f-.-} Elmina all A-piodudiens @ mote all combinabens 4 qullable vauables- Ruln fo eliwinali — ynir- Productions sreppt: Gnd dependency Graph gr unit -Peeduekions. Neds —> vosiable Connections A ohue — Unit Puduckon A. Ser 42: ue sha abe SFe BEA SrA 3: Caommar coithouk + orate uniT- Produchiors MAE SB rege ama 3+ Albb AxB A-ralbel she seha /olbe| bb ae Babb /a/be aha Awalbe /bb * Sb ®Heel (exeecises) a° Aralaad labbc => Ara laon | aeimadaueacay) we 8+ abbA| b ababbac plabbaate / athe abbe . Avivotion tut for w= aba bbac? a w-ab abbac GO) thwinali al wel Reducions do he Grammar, w S-rasl at - 6- AR Substilah env . SaS/AAA f S-+aS/ Apa fA + bA / Bb aaa / uve ond Sas r | oon Eds Lefurd?b?. we day” }Clinimale Uselru Produdions diem Aubshtuborr, S>alaal 44 ab/) € sralanle/eradd A ob/) Baha “Cxeeadd Ba Aa S+alaAlAa A-raAalyr Climinal. - Productions rem $4 AaB) aaB © A€ea) Aad @ ws $a, By b> bbA/) S— AaBlaaB / S+ ab/acB/alaan B-y bb a> vba/@) / A>) f S-y ab/aaB/alaa B— bb Sipe Ssabbloabbla/aacud 6} &) Romo all bur Pioduchions , jwreless Pooduchions a aa $5 aAlaBB ere. Ag ura A+ aaaly ‘ © ne $A} Bo bpfbbe ~ Cx B Sah lase/a A+ aan|aa Bo bB/ bbc CoB ual fatale” a gy GO ce te Saal akbla oe aAlaBe la | ue 1 gK6. SS VIA _ A> aaAlaa _ Beside) 6 pos $raAla 4 aoAlaa Umar dors ad donguage gaunt? , iguiey we Q] Clisnale (IT Pasdudions_ bom Salah / Aa /eCD saleaic QRODOD asso 4 aBIr sa Bo Aa B+ Aa. s&c C>eCp eecp Doddd D4 dddRemove A- Baductions re pip $ aSb/$3/ ® 0 r2@ ca OS > S-rasejssfab_— CHAPTER A—+ Be n€ ua) Ara y tushiclions on Leas te oh Production. fascy ev aeT ® S+As/a $s lads A» salb AX Alaa eune é ene Gorwok tie Gamma to ene SS ABa XQ 27e 4 oab eb Brac So Aex aoa Ay ary Yab Boar 20e S> ac p+xy Yrb ® C+ Bx BOAR Roe Ay XD XOot # 6.2, jaicencn Norwar for: > auhicion aet aev* SAB Aah] bB/e { Orb $7 a AB] b88/ bB Aa ah] bB/b Ba b Gwwuk te Grammar Xaa Yab S-raysy /ax X7Q Y>b NOT om > buk- en POSITIONS fy which terminals 2 vasiablie com apheo rol Hof Purduchion. > looks similar 6 $-Gammor / 4 Buk mo-westeiction on (2) of Productions. ane AzaX € ane, S-rabSb Jaa. tato GNE. for evoup ort G / MELA) 4 byiveluk @ , ONE- Exercises - HAGL (NE Csnvet tp ONE aoe] ® $ 2aSb lab eeu Sy xsy/ xy Sy KA] KY Xa a Avy sy Yo b K2& oo Ys 6 ENF Convuk to (Ne: S-yaSoA/A 4 abAlb : nbs | sr0sxalava/b | $4xB/XC/b i) i Ayxe 8+ o8aAlebAlh | eee ep " ® A+ abAlb i — Cy yA ean D+ xa eo © Convert fo One DEL SabAB neo ve: {Ae} 4a bABID S+abAe JabA/abB B> BAalAIy A+ bAB/ bA/ bB Aa/6) Bal Aa $+ Fp [Xa % YB (o> Aa Ba/Aal oA bA/ bb | A> YAB/ yalya s¢xce/xc/xD ® 2 BAX/ BX/AX/ YABNAlye A+ C8/yA/YB Xa By Ex/ax/ax]celvalyB Y4b C+ YA E7BA Y-rbCHIE $s £B/xc/xd A> cola [ya . @ > €x/ @x/ ax] ca) YAIYE C3 YA Xoo CONE D> YB Yoo E> BA Fr xc Covek Lv ONE: 5 « r€Lrw Sr aalaB aie wwi Lay A> aab/> S> AB/aB/B 8 bbA A> aab Boy bbA Job it Sees an) ab] beAl bb A> aab b> bbA)bb $3 48/xB/ yy /yy A> xn b> yalyy *9a Y-4b ¢ 2A0/xB/cB/yy j A> ‘Dy B>calyy o> vy Ds xxO Amn aegis abhor $»abAB A» bABID B-» Bala! Grvat fe ane 3» aSb]/b%e lalb [S+ax] x Terex) | $4 oSY/ bSx fale Aaa Yb Conve to GNE Ssasv/ay $raSblab Yab ee Ss0¥/a8/axS S-yab]aS/aas Xa a Yoab Convel ko ONE Aubslrteclion S> A&b/a $+ aaAbb/ BBb/a Ax aad(® Aaah] bAb b> bab Bs bab S-aXxABy] bAYBY/a Avaxalbay {Ba bAYy X4a cs aaanb/ bAbBb /a, A> aah] bab Ba bAb %e {# t 63 *) SKIP Valimdwme: ene 29 - w * 2g Lia) ww » QR BE - add ald 4 S-> aSa/ Sb) 9 [alb Saal bSb) aa] bb 9 XSx 1YSY/ XXIYY [a/b Kaa Ysb S->XAlyBI XX YY /alb A> Sx Xxa Yob sy Le fa: nr} weed ¢ 3 xxe/ XX £5 aa0a$ | a0aa x4 AA S> nanas/anan Axa Ada foe — / S > ¥8/xx x AA Ya xx howaa CHAPTER AF : — PusnOow Avromara [Nba] Nondulirministic Rukdewn Autimala: M= (Q.2,T, 8%, BF) ® $04 ,a,6) +» $ (2%,cd) ea} J ae RF A % B= 14,2.25,%4 804,00) = §.c2,10) , C0F 22 Sab} Scr) = {C2 A}, Y= fou} San eh C24, Reo 812, cb = 1C4s,A0J, Fe Mey $C bre Berd D ® 80% 0) = sr) (to, 0) 7 Gu") ld 2, “OH bd EB wr ef id Ba ide 5 7 —F LA Lo| 7e le farbra? —; nz op rernare rare Sea So Lieitelelsrele lalalaqa’? Cal seo bbpadd dab aa da aot A Mf fol". aax boy ar2 SC %,a) - C2, aR) 8418) = (9,,a.R) 89, ,b) = (4,16 R? $22,b) = (22,6,R) S(4,0) © (s,%,) 8(9,,b) = (43, @, RD S4,a) = C%s1%R) 6(3,,0) = © 4% ,7.6) £0948) = C4, 5,2) 81%, a) = (%, 4,0) 84, a = (4, aL) 8690) = C9z,4,L) 8( 94,6 = (Py byl) (94,9) = (4,0,8) 6(4¢,a) = (%,a,R) 84,0) = Gg, aye)et gabe a faba, -— Zba + bhat— gba + 49,0 b— ® Ot Po ay a, F454 F YO F- We acupled *#) Aasign 1 Lak aceepls ee mie Aeaicge PLL] 8% a) . C%,10,R) S46) = (4, aR) (9,4) = (4,0,R) S(%, b> = (2,b8> €14,,b) = (9b, R) £19, a) = (2,00 & 89,D) = (40,0) 8G.9) 2 a 89,0). = €%,0,L) S45,b) = (4, ,0.) 89,0) = (94,0, Sido) = (44, b,e) 8C4,0) = C%,0,R> eRe S40) (Bb, 0,R) Soe ae) 85,0) « (9hR) j edd thr, 54.0) = po) widde = afb MC -) mid ob fee / 6 Tut: abelba mea HY 7 mp space pla) Compulalole unctiew : pee Gos alt qe ends © Gai woh seps 2 zl = chalives tue uomplexity . 2 Aygpuitom, vobalever The covuptexily , Ad@biow wrth TM - ny we unewt NE:Addition Sih oh TENS _ Map ll spl chou ~ aban it wit Lg woe bE ~-Ull DB wove tol 2 dat Wat | (4,1) = (%, RY §(%,0) = (@,,1,e) Newt) = Cert R) 83,0) = (%,0,2) (42,1) = (4%, 0,0) 5,1) = (1,05 LULL R) Gury Ta tas fo hove R/W @ beguiug.cH# 2 (Pin) Gastuuct on ala dor tae Language le fwe faby” : nal) = (0) p oa Ld kl Ld Ld a Qb aba abab 841A, 2) - fe} S(%, a2) = {C%, 12)} S(40.b2) = | C%,02)} ue. ---.) 8(%,4,1) I f 4,1} $040, b, 0) cS § (4,004 §(40,0.,0) : { C%,>0 (4%, b, 1) < { to,n} 12. abab. - (Go abab,2) -— (4o,bab, H— C4, ab, 2)F— (orb, 12) (Ho 2) L(Y, >, 2) ver accepled w= bbaa (20, baa, 2) + (90, baa, 02) (4,4, 002) + (40, & , 0%) ( Ay2)— 6H ,A,2) ie CE acceptcd -prs Concbuuch an mpd dor & {wos we fey} %%, 02) = {@o,a2)} S4,4,a12 C%,¥) §(%, 62) = Y (Go, be) 4 S(3,, bib = (2,49) Saad =f ct,o0)y S18,,2,2) = (4,2) 84,66) = § Ceo, bb>} S(%,a,b) - § C40, ab) y § 40, bo) = { (4%, bar} 8 Co, aa) = 4%, ar} 5l4,b,b) = | (2% ,br4 ® (4p,abb4,2)— (4, ba. a2) 1 (40, ba, ba®) H— (4, ba,ba2) }— (4,402) FH 04%, 2E Ceprd) ee arpted. vy ( “~zabab] / Aaa (4%, >, balboa ea: 1 pajedd Me (£4954) fab, Lone, §, 2,24) ®ct Hf 5) Constauck rpdas ‘hak accept tu qollovoing @) 4 =Laaath) 5(%,a, 2) = $(2,,a2)} tus aab , b, 2 S440) = § Cy, apd} eee a2) (4b, 042) baa S(%,a,a) = $(%,aa)} bo SC%, ba) = {(4h, ba)} ee by. Uaab*aba*) 804,02) = §@,aary WwW. aa Si%,a,a) = {C,aay St% ba) = { (9%, bary Sb) = f¢a,,bby} Gs, aaab, 2) ( 2,aab,az)t( 2, ,abjaa, £4, baa) (6rd, baaa) = 82210) = { aay} (Uro0a.) $(4,a,b) = | (4,aby} ee ace phe S(4,b,a) = ] Gg,bayy Ped 5144, 416) = Sle, aby) 8%, aa) = £04, 7} SCO {ah} Sra) = §capary M(..-)OO Guys. (oaa*b) v Caab* aba) S¢4o, 0,2 = Ca, aay} 6 84,024) = {@,, 009} $i4,, aa). {(4,,94)} at. © aad® SbA) -Lcaysbay, €2h, bad} (sab efl) Jaad®h deat) Sub) = flay ba)} S@,,bb) . {(% Neb) $ Gab) = $a abs} 8 (%,bya) = $C24,ba Yoab ab” efinal] 1%, 4,4) = {0p an)? |aababat dral | 8(HA2) - {@br)} s ‘gk cabab: ; a Sy dabab 29 £(4 ,ababa2 + 84, ,bab,aae )+—[B¢ 2 faloaa) bE 819, aby baaa2) }—ChAT é apda, > 4 eq + npda. A-waX SoA; #)= (2, $2) (4% iQ,A)e CB,,%) $4,272 (44 ,d) 2% Ce Srashb]a Sr asyy [a 4 eo Yb $4.2) £ {@ ; s2)} S§(4, 0,8) < {Gn29y) C2 $(9,,A,2) - fear} Ser). Scam} Me(..-) \ —_ \@®O Sah onpda=9 A> aABe /bBla Bob cae PF 4,02) = &, 92). 802,,4,8) = §@.,a)} $(4),a,0) = § (2,,A80), Gy Saba = $09,894 8641.68) = 4.00} SOC) © Fr} > S(4,>,2) . {G5} S-> oABB] aA apda+? As aBBla > bBBl A, S(%o,i2) = {04,529} 8(4,,,8) = {.C1.9B6),(%,AA) P 8 (a,4,A)= § (o,89, (2,0 89/8) = § (4, 26,04, 109 60% 2) GatcH: FAD find pda with 2 statis for efor". nz0} S+agb/b WE’ S>aSY/b Yob 8 2,2) (2,329) $ (4,08) = $(@,,sY)} Car2 r= Le,82)} S(%A8) = 46,8} 8( e,b,S) = $09) } SEH bY) = £04,994 sabe SEL) $14), A2= § cap, 1 by q ( (By A2= Leary} SAB) = 106} S949) = FAY A, Find npda wih 2 shal Hal aceepls Le forb™. n2i} S$ aSbb/ 2X Gre \ $~ aSbb/abb $0888 /aBB §(40,2,2) = (40,82, } (2,08) = $04,860, (40,88) (4,4 P= § Cary} £(90,2)%) = Cm rvycH #73 =] Apdo, ACFL_] Rpda 7 ® Se,ab) containe atmock ene element @Fslarb 4+ 6 Han 8 4,c,b) =z ¥ CEL ® §: 310 Le Ja". azoy is DCFL. Dpdas 9 $(4,,0,0) = £14,104 (4a) = {ca,,0)} 84,61) = faa, e Sta, ory [104 8 C4,,r0) + F6%,AVY #) Le Jo nyo} Vfa¥ Afda< 9 $(20,a,2) = (4 a2) $%,2hi424 € & 8(%,a,a) = (4, 0a) 5(9,b,a) = (4A) 8194,d,2) = (2%) 8% ,Q,a) = (aa) ® 8(% ba) = (4,9) § (9%,b,a) = (9%,A) Cra vas FarryHH 2.3 pda EXERCISES T- GPO”. nz0¥ is a DCFL. abb 8(%,A,2) = (46 8 (40,42) = @, uz) 1 a B4,,a1) = Ce, 1) 4 DCFL Sib) = C4, A) 84,42) = (2. et abb; acahid S(4,abb, 2) £(9,,bb, nad 84, ,b, 12) 812,,AE IE - (2,9 aabbbb - acer pled b 8 (e,aabbtsy 604, ,abb, 2) Sta, bb unZ)ES(4,, bbb, - - b Legaerinzthu Moy dered 8(Go,4,2) = (4%, 12) 809, b, 2) > (24,A) ; abd 8(4,0,1) = (Bit) 8(4,,b,1) = (2,,d) SAD) = (@b) -gehl %& pany, nem oy sei} yorny uv garey wow * per? gtoak maltivgHn HEI e Paspeslies of, Chile Sr Ce farbren: nz0} aot anbiat Hee. (we gmp ee a ab aed c on 4 oO @ @ AD on, 22 Usb 23 we BAL Ved 25: Vek yea 7.7 ye Yob de wae MAD mm ) wpe atten . : i Susloe Pa anazi-2 pm | Simitowe Prt sp mak om Come cans wed 27 ng to 4 n,cw,) MLW A Ne www; ) fou Fomping darnpalack, Lb rob a CFL. le Lww: we ig ath | cre? ba ab MylQ? F Hy (W}) ~ nu) [eée] f ee ‘S nOLon 4 a i 2a. vebsYob 85. Vey sb 28 veyee wee grrr unampm [or martin arr ippeicigen pen FE Vea yeh Stl sp meriarm [24 veb,yeb int wv inst vO? > . wee Aimilar (OMS i va ee 6 wo. ay él at 4 23 Ua Oe eb fo ; ae eortiat yam J oe ee oe, ¢ bof es fet rntezicn pm! os ee 2 Pde (= 22 8-by-b) wr tL LB mot cf r Lefablae” » mjroy & ceq or nok 9 Saon2) = fesa2)} — Fab Art 8(4,a.a) = {4,000} 604,,b,a)= 1%? S{20,b,a) = {(%,bay} ' 7 (4, ba) <}@s>) 8(4. bb) = [(*AbDY aN = i v Saab) + [Avy aeye GLa . nj} Lowe ame! meth matt in gy @ ob e "y sop. 22pm 2 oy mPa omer marin ym om wREL ae C00) P Ng to) vite a) 2s a Léce or teats nis a pine no.¥ & not CF, 1 o@ea” om is pume : 2 Qe ae +n Bra dea any 2he2. wpe & Peo amazin 2 Med ana & mol puime Tro mean : fzo } not paeel Medid wo ML foils 2 NOT CFLste Lorbm. mes} cee? we er él e a abb.--b ona ¢. 8 21 geo a 23 0-0 Yea. frmilo® yy $b me mitt wee gettin Pl dp y. b wes ee on amt 422 wer eb feo: ate go™ uJ je. Mua) #2 & wor ee ie. powray A 2” gr not CFL: fo wEL a) , K) Ledobi:n ac ® Us fotbl nap} i a jury 5 8 . we di on nok CFL ot CFG cf) Natw) 2nAcWI—N,Cw) Dyna nae above [ -9 ete or nok Se4o,a2) = £ (20,02), 0% 029} ¥ @ Lx fotwwFa” -nz0, we faby 4 CU,a,a) + [ o,aar,C%, aa) souk + 8(2,,0,0) = [04,,aa)} Ree FL dosed und 7 14, ,b, = at ce. | emualenalin “LEY CiBsbad = fee, ba} (4b) = £4, ,ab)1,)} 84, ,b9 = fcay.d} 8 bik) $e, bb), 05} $(45,0,a) {G4 80% A/a) @,9} Sad.) - Sei 8(3,4b» = S@»¥Ags o c fatbl ob) 1 no, jry nok CEG © we a™bta™b* et 6 o, o . aa....ab...ba...ab--- 4 a gm $6 6 8 6 ai Bea bo on Yea 26 a one gency wre a> emp e 23 Pra 0 mgm Pro: mani2 ym wr de wee A forts => Nor cL Lefatbialy mo ,} 2} Se, 2) « §t—a2y) S(4o,b2)= 814, tb?) (ly fe (Pe 1 C,00y4 ieee : Castes {bay — 8C2,,b,b) - {a (a2 ae =feuay Slanb.bs = Has ay oo $105,b6) = GAP a S04, 2) FQN 54 2) {QL) } — > Aews) a cFl Zzip og 8 6 8 @ Vea 26 ea ae ‘ na3i-2 pn mpm . wes a b'a"b wy 2 wernt qmpm Tro 42h pm po (45) GowrrHs> bul 2ni2t- 2 3m nem = st 4t—} 7 LM do WHEL _ Poo Nah pm wre dem arts, Ror cre ceqarbl atbt rack, Jeb} © c-tthe sassy Not cel NOT CFL Le we {ab,04* < ma lor~ mpiw)= 2 %elW) 4 NoT CFL.HERE Gxt at dosed umdu U unien . eoncalenodier— , we Sax Clone not dowd > Inivedim ora > Gmbouut A: ee ds Ig fae" nro} Ge Fab: nwo} jorrpire “> Répuln & 0 i oho tagulan . tt (ee ku foun a @ Cite m4 abo: ts (otb* c*) = Agulas we know i {acer b Not Ll. Lal, = & get Or OG Coe L& cee =) Gy should be CEL, but & nol comity TT ont celles 1. & not CEL Ra. fugue dongeiaies au doxd und complowun Le bnt = fare" n #10p, n20Y St Le fern: nq to) = mL) = meta) mot FC.40 Not Nex “Be bb/ bob/ bbbb >) per | ie empl Ts_ wor Compl Sax S>Xxy $ ~aabb X Ax ax ™. ky AR X35 aa> _ cma | ¥ (16) OF pmb Y= By Y eb $4 xy SKY sy Xbb Xo ax | ta) CAD OD | vey ; Ts Eup. Yo BY | OGbb > Y4 BB == e KCBb> S>xs /¥Z % Yx < ably Yo Y-y XX Xo A 2 3SX s4aB | Srab)bB | S-rabb/abbb) abbbb / bbb] bbbb/ oe Bur 005605] abs] baS bbbbb Ul ) Nor oe)sed ce q Sr byl, sce ih Loscee ¢ G= RL Lily + apurme cored und differena- —-@ Ge Lyk, @= us t cel rus & mot CFL Os languages AA igen undu. con calination ze anumplian f Of voto a cL aot cloxd undu ~- L, = CL Ge RL GL: une tnt, lex free ( one contex tree. ouguoge CAL RL PY bere, Gia Hon Aowd under diffe SP ot dowd undes vIn ie a) eR 6 DEEL =y¥ DPDA al, 100, mor DUEL by @ DCF . L= qu, 9 ias/a}> nen detntit + ab wersw dowd cout abstain aay + Le (arbY aa, (arb? ® eipalae Longuage Cf Lf taey" + ngtiol= mht) y we bnow wor CFL. ay) (2 St te {we £0,b]*: agtw)-nptu? ° ane iY fe Care) t& CPL > v, % CELL nol WX Com ci) CPs mor CAL =) L, Is MOT cL [ due Crs mot CEL e