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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

THC HNH CC BI LAB CCNA


(CCNA Lab Series)

Mn Thng (manthang)
manvanthang@gmail.com
http://manthang.wordpress.com

HCM, 02/2012

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Gii thiu
thc hin cc lab trong ti liu ny, bn cn chun b cc th sau:
1. Mt my tnh c ci t Packet Tracer
Download bn 5.3 ca n y:
http://www.mediafire.com/?zziz2tziywj
Cc thao tc xy dng m hnh mng v cu hnh cho cc thit b u c thc hin
trong Packet Tracer.
2. Standalone Labs for CCNA
L ebook ting Anh m ti da vo ni dung trong bin son thnh ti liu ting
Vit ny. Bn c th ti n v y:
http://www.mediafire.com/?3tc66h1n35s4xf3
Mt s u im trong cc bi lab do ti bin son so vi ebook trn l:

Ti cc bc thc hin u c hnh minh ha r rng.

Nhiu khi nim, l thuyt c ti din gii, tm tt li sao cho ngn gn v d


hiu nht.

Ngn ng ting Vit nn thch hp vi cc bn cha bt kp kh nng c hiu


ti liu ting Anh.

Lu
Trc khi i vo thc hin theo cc hng dn trong ti liu ny, bn nn bit l:
1. Cc bi lab c thit k ph hp cho nhng bn no nm kh vng chng
trnh hc ca chng ch CCNA, th nn phn l thuyt v mng cn bn ni
chung cng nh nhng phn chuyn bit trong CCNA ni ring s khng c
cp chi tit trong cc bi lab.
2. Do trn Internet cng c kh nhiu bi vit hng dn cch ci t v s dng
Packet Tracer ri nn ti s khng trnh by li na. Di y l mt s a ch
bn tham kho:
http://vnexperts.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=755&Itemid=199
http://www.scribd.com/doc/4291610/Hng-dn-s-dng-Packet-Tracer-kakalotsai

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Mc lc
Lab 1: Connecting and Logging on to a Cisco Router .......................................................... 5
Lab 2: I ntroduction to the Basic User I nterface ........................................................................ 6
Lab 3: I ntroduction to Basic Show Commands ........................................................................ 8
Lab 4: CDP ................................................................................................................................... 11
Lab 5: Extended Basics .............................................................................................................. 17
Lab 6: Setting the Banner MOTD (Message of the Day) ....................................................... 19
Lab 7: Copy command ............................................................................................................. 21
Lab 8: I ntroduction to Interface Configuration...................................................................... 24
Lab 9: I ntroduction to IP (I nternet Protocol) ........................................................................... 29
Lab 10: ARP.................................................................................................................................. 33
Lab 11: Creating a Host table................................................................................................... 36
Lab 12: Static Routes.................................................................................................................. 39
Lab 13: RI P.................................................................................................................................... 44
Lab 14: Troubleshooting RI P ...................................................................................................... 48
Lab 15: IGRP ................................................................................................................................ 54
Lab 16: PPP and CHAP............................................................................................................... 60
Lab 18: Sav ing Router Configurations...................................................................................... 62
Lab 19: Loading Router Configurations ................................................................................... 65
Lab 20: Frame Relay................................................................................................................... 67
Lab 24: I ntroduction to Basic Switch Commands .................................................................. 70
Lab 28: Standard Access Lists ................................................................................................... 73
Lab 29: Verify Standard Access Lists ........................................................................................ 77
Lab 30: Extended Access Lists................................................................................................... 79
Lab 31: Verify Extended Access Lists........................................................................................ 81

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 32: Named Access Control Lists ........................................................................................ 85


Lab 33: Adv anced Extended Access List................................................................................ 89
Lab 34: I ntroduction to Telnet ................................................................................................... 94
Lab 35: I ntroduction to VLAN.................................................................................................... 97
Lab 36: VLAN Trunking Protocol.............................................................................................. 102
Lab 37: OSPF Single Area Configuration and Testing .......................................................... 106

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 1: Connecting and Logging on to a Cisco Router


Kt ni v ng nhp vo mt thit b Cisco Router
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Gii thiu v Cisco Router.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng mt thit b router c tn l Router1.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Khi ng Router1 ln v truy cp vo giao din cu hnh CLI ca n.
2. Nhn Enter lm xut hin du nhc lnh (command prompt). Du nhc lnh ny
bao gm 2 thnh phn: chui Router l hostname ca Router1 v k t > cho
bit ta ang user mode.
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>
3. G lnh enable vo privileged mode v du > c thay bng du #.
Router>enable
Router#
4. tr v user mode, ta g disable. T user mode, g tip logout hoc exit
thot khi router.
Router>enable
Router#

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 2: Introduction to the Basic User Interface


C bn v giao din ngi dng
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Gii thiu v giao din dng lnh (CLI); 2 ch l user mode v privileged mode; c
bn v 2 lnh help v show.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s tip tc s dng Router1.
C. Cc bc thc hin
1. Khi ng Router1 ln v truy cp vo giao din cu hnh CLI ca n. Sau , nhn
Enter hin th du nhc lnh.
2. Hin ta ang User mode (l ch ch h tr cc cu lnh c bn xem nhng
thit lp ca thit b m khng c php s dng cc cu lnh c quyn thay i
cu hnh ca thit b). G vo du chm hi (?) xem tt c cc cu lnh c th s
dng ti du nhc lnh ny.
Router>?
3. G lnh sau vo Privileged mode (l ch h tr nhiu cu lnh nng cao hn
thay i cc thit lp ca thit b).
Router> enable
Router#

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

4. xem tt c cc cu lnh c th s dng trong Privileged mode.


Router#?
5. G lnh sau xem tt c cc cu lnh show.
Router#show ?
6. xem thng tin v cu hnh hin ti m router ang s dng (running
configuration).
Router>show running-config

7. Ti du nhc lnh, g phm khong trng hin th trang thng tin k tip
<space bar>
8. G mt trong cc lnh sau ng xut khi router
Router#exit
hoc
Router#disable

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 3: Introduction to Basic Show Commands


C bn v lnh show
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Lm quen vi cc cu lnh show c bn
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta tip tc s dng Router1.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Hin th du nhc lnh.
Router>
2. Vo Privileged mode.
Router>enable
Router#
3. Trong CLI, tp tin nm trong b nh RAM cha cc cu hnh m hin ti ang c
thit b (router, switch) s dng c gi l running-config. Lu l cn vo
Privileged mode mi xem c ni dung ca running-config.
c bit, ni dung ca running-config khng c t ng lu li trn Cisco router
v s b mt nu xy ra s c v ngun in cung cp cho router (nh cp in t
ngt, in p qu ti hoc qu thp khin router khng th hot ng c).
Sau khi ta thay i cu hnh cho router, cc cu hnh mi ny s c cp nht vo
tp tin running-config v lu li ni dung ca running-config th ta cn s dng
lnh copy (s c cp trong cc bi lab sau). By gi, hin th ni dung ca
running-config ta g lnh sau.
Router#show running-config

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

4. Flash l mt loi b nh c bit trn router m lu tr cc tp tin h iu hnh (OS


image). Khng ging nh b nh thng gp khc (nh RAM), b nh flash vn cha
cc OS image ngay c khi router khng c cp ngun hot ng.
Router#show flash

5. Mc nh, CLI ca cc router lu gi 10 lnh gn y nht m c g vo trong b


nh. xem tt c cc lnh thc hin vn cn c lu trong b nh ca router.
Router#show history
6. Hai lnh sau gip ta ly li lnh g trc
Nhn phm mi tn i ln (up) hoc <ctrl> P
7. Cn hai lnh sau gip ta s dng lnh k tip trong history buffer
Nhn phm mi tn i xung (down) hoc <ctrl> N
8. xem trng thi ca cc giao thc c nh tuyn (routed protocol) layer 3 ang
chy trn router
Router#show protocols

9. Lnh sau c dng nhn v cc thng tin quan trng nh: loi router platform,
phin bn (revision) ca OS, ln khi ng cui v v tr tp tin image ca OS, lng
b nh, s lng cng giao tip (interface), v cc thanh ghi cu hnh (configuration
register)?
Router#show version

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

10. Xem ngy gi c thit lp trn router


Router#show clock
11. hin th danh sch cc hosts v tt c cc a ch IP ca chng m c router
lu tr li (cache)
Router#show hosts
12. Xem danh sch cc user kt ni ti router
Router#show users
13. xem thng tin chi tit v mi cng giao tip (interface)
Router#show interfaces

14. Xem trng thi tng qut v cc giao thc layer 3 cng nh trng thi ca cc
interface
Router#show protocols

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 4: CDP
Giao thc CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Hiu c cc chc nng ca CDP
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router 1 v Router 4.

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Trn Router 1, vo ch cu hnh ton cc (global configuration mode)
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
2. Trn Router 1, thay i hostname thnh R1
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#
3. Thc hin li bc 1 v 2 trn Router 4
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R4

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

R4(config)#
Lu : mc nh, tt c cc interface u b v hiu ha (khng th s dng c)

4. Kch hot interface Serial2/ 0 trn R1


R1(config)#interface Serial2/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
5. Tng t, kch hot interface Serial2/0 trn R4
R4(config)#interface Serial2/0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown

6. Kch hot interface FastEthernet0/0 trn R1


R1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
CDP gip cc thit b chia s cc thng tin cu hnh c bn cho nhau. CDP s hot
ng m khng cn cu hnh g thm. CDP c kch hot mc nh trn tt c
interface. CDP l mt giao thc hot ng ti layer 2 ca m hnh OSI. V vy iu
quan trng cn nm l CDP khng phi l giao thc nh tuyn. N ch c th gip
cc thit b c kt ni trc tip vi nhau trao i thng tin cho nhau.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

7. Trn R1, g lnh sau xem trng thi ca tt c cc interface ang chy CDP.
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#show cdp interface
Hin ti, router ang s dng CDP qung b i cc thng tin v cc interface ca
n v ng thi CDP cng gip n bit c cc router hng xm c kt ni
trc tip ti n.
8. Trn R1, g lnh sau hin th cc thng tin v cc hng xm ang c kt ni
trc tip ti R1
R1#show cdp neighbors

Trong hnh trn ta thy, thit b u tin trong danh sch cc hng xm ca R1 l
router R4 c kt ni trc tip ti cng Serial2/0 trn R1 (ct Local Interface). R1
nhn cc gi RDP update t R4, cc gi update ny cng cho ta bit c R1 s nm
gi cc thng tin cp nht v R4 trong bao lu. Ti thi im g cu lnh trn th thi
gian cn li l 133 giy (ct Holdtime). R4 l mt Cisco router thuc series 1000 nh
c th hin trong ct platform. Ct cui cng, Port ID, l cng trn trn thit b
(trong trng hp ny cng Serial2/0 ca R4) m t cc gi update c gi i.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

9. Trn R1, g lnh sau xem nhiu thng tin chi tit hn v cc hng xm c kt
ni trc tip ti R1.
R1#show cdp neighbors detail

Lnh ny s hin ra cng lc thng tin ca tt c cc thit b hng xm. N c s


dng hin th cc a ch tng Network. Nh hnh trn ta thy R4 c mt a ch
IP l 192.168.1.4. Ngoi ra, cu lnh cn cho bit thng tin v phin bn ca IOS.
Ch rng cc thit b hng xm c lit k theo trnh t. Nu ta mun bit thng
tin v mt thit b nm ng sau na th ta cn cun xung bng cch nhn phm
khong trng.
10. Trn R1, lnh sau s ch cung cp thng tin v R4
R1#show cdp entry R4
(thng tin u ra ca cu lnh trn ging vi trong hnh bc 9)
Lnh ny cho ta cu trc thng tin ging vi u ra ca lnh show cdp neighbors
detail, nhng khc ch lnh ny ch hin th thng tin v R4 m thi. Cng lu
thm rng y l mt trong nhng lnh thuc loi case-sensitive, tc l c phn bit
ch hoa v ch thng trong cu lnh.
11. Trn R1, bit c thi gian nh k R1 s gi i cc gi RDP update v cc thng
tin CDP m R1 nhn v s tn ti trong bao lu, ta g lnh sau
R1#show cdp

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

12. Trn R1, iu chnh s giy thi gian gia cc ln gi CDP update thnh 45, ta g
R1# conf t
R1(config)#cdp timer 45
Ngoi ra, ta cng c th iu chnh li gi tr holdtime. Gi tr ny cho bit router
nhn CDP update s lu gi cc thng tin trong CDP update (do cc router khc gi
ti) trong bao lu v y cng l mt tham s ton cc (global parameter).
13. Trn R1, iu chnh b m holdtime thnh 60 giy, ta g
R1#conf t
R1(config)#cdp holdtime 60
14. Trn R1, g lnh sau xc nhn li nhng thay i va to ra trn
R1#show cdp
u ra ca cu lnh s nh sau
Global CDP information:
Sending CDP packets every 45 seconds
Sending a holdtime value of 60 seconds
Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled
Nu R1 khng c kt ni trc tip vi bt k Cisco router no trn mng, hoc n
gin tit kim bng thng, ta cn xem xt vic tt CDP trn R1.
15. Trn R1, tt hon ton CDP
R1#conf t
R1(config)#no cdp run
16. Cng trn R1, kch hot li CDP trn tt c cc interface ca router
R1#conf t
R1(config)#cdp run
Lc ny, c th ta ch mun tt CDP i vi mt s interface c th no , v d cc
interface c bng thng thp hoc v cc l do bo mt.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

17. Trn R1, tt CDP ch vi interface FastEthernet1/0


R1(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0
R1(config-if)#no cdp enable
18. Trn R1, xc nhn interface FastEthernet1/0 khng cn gi i cc gi CDP update
na, ta g
R1#show cdp interface
hoc
R1#show cdp interface FastEthernet1/0
Nu trong u ra khng c thng tin v FastEthernet1/0 th c th kt lun rng CDP
b v hiu ha trn interface ny.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 5: Extended Basics


n tp v m rng
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Quan st v cu hnh mt s phn c bn ca router.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta tip tc s dng Router1.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Truy cp vo CLI ca router v hin th du nhc lnh.
Router>
2. xem danh sch tt c cc cu lnh sn c m ta c th s dng ti du nhc ny.
Router>?
3. Vo Privileged mode. ch ny th bn c ton quyn iu khin router.
Router>enable
Router#
4. Xem cc cu lnh c th chy trong Privileged mode
Router#?
5. S dng lnh sau vo Configuration mode cu hnh cho router.
Router#config terminal
Router(config)#
6. Hostname ca router c dng nhn dng thit b trong mng. Khi ng nhp vo
router, ta s thy hostname nm u du nhc (> hoc #). C th s dng hostname
th hin v tr hoc chc nng ca router. Lnh sau s t tn cho Router1 l
mmt03
Router(config)#hostname mmt
mmt(config)#

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

7. Enable password dng kim sot vic truy cp vo Privileged mode. y l loi
mt khu cc k quan trng cn bo mt bi v trong Privileged mode bn c th thay
i cu hnh cho router. t enable password thnh network ta thc hin lnh
sau
mmt(config)#enable password network
8. kim tra password ny. Thot khi router v th vo li Privileged mode vi mt
khu network va thit lp trn. By gi, g conf term v lm tip cc hng dn
bc k tip.
9. Vn duy nht vi enable password l n xut hin di dng plain-texttrong
file cu hnh ca router. Nu bn cn cho ai xem file ny h c th gip bn
khc phc vn no th v tnh bn l cc mt khu v iu ny e da n
bo mt ca h thng ca bn. Vy lm sao to ra cc mt khu c m ha?
Lnh sau s to mt khu cisco c lu tr dng m ha.
mmt(config)#enable secret cisco
10. Gi ta c th kim tra mt khu mi ny bng cch ng xut khi router v sau
g enable. Enable secret l mt mt khu b tr cao cp hn enable password,
thc t th n ghi enable password. Nu bn thit lp c 2 loi mt khu ny
th enable secret mi l mt khu m bn cn dng vo Privileged mode cn
enable password tuy vn hin din nhng hin ti b v hiu ha.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 6: Setting the Banner MOTD (Message of the Day)


Thit lp thng bo khi ng nhp vo router
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
MOTD l thng bo c hin th khi ai ng nhp vo router. MOTD c th c s
dng cung cp thng tin v router hoc hin th cc thng bo v bo v bo mt.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta tip tc s dng Router1.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Kt ni ti Router1 v vo Privileged mode
Router>
Router>enable
Router#
2. Vo Configuration mode
Router#config t
Router(config)#
3. G vo cu lnh banner motd v tip sau l mt k t nh gii hn (delimiting
character). K t nh gii hn s c g vo ti phn cui ca dng thng bo
router s bit c l khi no ta hon thnh vic g vo thng bo. K t thng s
dng nht l z.
Router(config)#banner motd z
Enter TEXT message.

End with the character 'z'.

4. By gi, ta s g vo thng bo mun hin th lc ng nhp vo router, khi cn kt


thc vic g thng bo ta s g k t z v nhn Enter th lp tc thng bo s c
router lu li. V d, thit lp MOTD l dng ch Chao mung ban den voi Cisco
router th g
Chao mung ban den voi Cisco router z

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

5. xem thng bo trn, ta thot khi Configuration mode v sau thot khi router.
Nhn Enter quay tr li v ta s thy c thng bo va t trn

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 7: Copy command


Lnh copy
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Gii thiu v cc lnh copy m Cisco IOS h tr
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta tip tc s dng Router1.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Hin th du nhc lnh
Router>
2. Vo Privileged mode
Router>enable
Router#
3. Hin th running-config hin ti c lu trong b nh RAM.
Router#show running-config
4. Th hin th ni dung ca file cu hnh c lu tr trong b nh NVRAM (d liu
trong NVRAM vn cn nguyn vn ngay c khi khng c ngun in cung cp cho
router), file ny c gi l startup-config. Hin ti chng ta cha lu cu hnh vo
NVRAM nn khng c bt k ni dung no c hin th y

5. Copy ni dung ca running-config trong RAM vo NVRAM. Khi router khi ng,
n s np cu hnh c lu tr trong NVRAM ny.
Router#copy running-config startup-config

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

6. By gi, hin th cu hnh c lu trong NVRAM.


Router#show startup-config

7. Nu mun router khi ng ln m khng np bt k cu hnh no (sau ta s cu


hnh li cho router t u) th ta c th xa startup-config v np li router. xa
cu hnh trong NVRAM, ta g
Router#erase startup-config
8. Gi ta cn np li router. Router bo cho ta bit l hin c mt cu hnh ang nm
trong RAM v hi ta xem c mun lu li cu hnh vo NVRAM trc khi np li
router khng. V ta khng mun lu li running-config nn ta s chn no
Router#reload

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

9. Sau router khi ng li xong, gi ta xem li file startup-config. V ta khng lu


li n bc 8 nn hin khng c thng tin no trong startup-config c.
Router#show startup-config
10. Gi ta i hostname cho router thnh mmt03
Router#config terminal
Router(config)#hostname mmt03
mmt03(config)#exit
mmt03#

11. Sau khi i hostname, ta s reload router v khi c hi ta s ng lu li cu hnh


va thay i ny.
mmt03#reload
12. Sau khi router reload xong, chui mmt03 xut hin trong du nhc lnh.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 8: Introduction to Interface Configuration


Cu hnh cc cng giao tip (interface)
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Bit cch kch hot v xem thng tin cc interface trn mt router.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router1 v Router2.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Trn Router1, vo Global Configuration mode
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R1
2. Gi ta s cu hnh cho interface FastEthernet (Fa). lm iu ny, ta cn truy nhp
vo ch cu hnh cho interface (Interface Configuration mode vit tt l configif). G lnh sau vo config- if dnh cho Fa0/0
R1(config)#interface Fa0/0
R1(config-if)#
3. xem tt c cc cu lnh hin c th s dng trong config- if
R1(config-if)#?
4. Trong , lnh shutdown c dng tt/v hiu ha interface
shutdown Shutdown the selected interface
lm iu ngc li ca mt lnh no , ta thm ch no ng trc lnh .
Vy lnh sau s gip ta kch hot li Fa0/0 trn Router1
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
5. Gi thm phn m t cho interface ny
R1(config-if)#description This is FastEthernet0/0
interface on the Router1
6. xem phn m t va thit lp trn ta tr li Privileged mode v thc hin lnh
show interface.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

R1(config-if)#end
R1#show interface

7. By gi ta kt ni ti Router2 v vo ch config-if ca Fa0/0


Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface Fa0/0
8. Kch hot interface ny ln
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
9. Hin ti cng Fa0/0 trn R1 c ni vi cng Fa0/0 trn R2 v c 2 cng Fa0/0 2
u ca kt ni ny u c enable chng c th thy nhau bng cch s
dng CDP. Chy lnh sau trn R2 xem tt c cc Cisco router ang c kt ni
trc tip vi n.
R2(config-if)#end
R2#show cdp neighbors

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Cu hnh v xem xt thng tin v cc interface


Xem xt cc interface
Router c th c nhiu loi interface nh token ring, FDDI, Ethernet, Serial, ISDN
Thng ta mun xem trng thi v cc thit lp ca chng. C mt vi lnh quan
trng cn nm y v show interfaces l mt trong nhng lnh quan trng hn c
Router#show interfaces
Lnh trn s xut ra cc thng tin v mi interface. Trong trng hp ny, ta thy
rng interface Fa0/0 ang b tm ngng hot ng (administratively down). iu ny
c ngha l cng Fa0/0 b tt bi lnh shutdown.

Interface is
administratively
down
up

Line protocol is
Down

ngha
Interface b tt bi lnh shutdown

Down

Cp c u ni ng nhng cha nhn c


keep alive (gi tin cho bit lin kt ang hot
ng tt) ca router u kt ni bn kia.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

down

Down

up

Up

Trc trc cp ni hoc cha t gi tr clock


rate trn DCE hoc interface ca router u
bn kia b tt
y l iu ta mun: kt ni hot ng bnh
thng

Bn c th xem thng tin chi tit v mt interface c th no , v d Serial2/0, vi


lnh sau:
Router#show interface Serial2/0
Cn xem thng tin tm lc ca tt c cc interface, ta c lnh:
Router#show ip int brief

iu ny gip ta nhn din nhanh chng trng thi ca tt c cc interface


Xem xt cc Controller
Controller l b phn ca interface c nhim v to ra cc kt ni vt l. iu quan
trng nht m ta cn bit l loi cp no c gn vo cng Serial.
Cp DTE (data terminating equipment) l loi cp m ta thng hay s dng. DTE
c ngha rng ta ang mong ch u cui bn kia cung cp clocking.
Cp DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment) c ngha l thit b ny s phi cung
cp clocking trn ng truyn.
Lnh show controllers s gip ta bit c interface no l DCE hay DTE.
Router#show controllers Serial2/0

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Cu hnh cho interface


Nu mt interface no b kha li bi lnh shutdown (administratively down). Bn
phi vo Configuation mode (config), sau truy nhp vo Interface Configuation
mode (config- if) dnh cho interface , v cui cng, chy lnh no shutdown.
Di y l hnh minh ha cch kch hot cho interface Fa0/0 trn Router1.

Nu interface l DCE, bn phi cung cp gi tr clocking s dng lnh clock rate

Tht hu ch thm phn m t ngha ca interface s dng lnh description

S dng lnh show running-config hoc show interfaces hoc show


controllers xem nhng thay i m ta va to ra trn.

28

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 9: Introduction to IP (Internet Protocol)


Giao thc IP
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Cu hnh a ch IP cho cc Router 1, 2 v 4 v s dng lnh ping kim tra kt ni
gia chng.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router1, Router2, Router4.

C. Cc bc thc hin:
Cu hnh cc a ch IP
1. u tin, kt ni ti Router1 v t hostname cho n l R1
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R1
2. Vo ch Interface configuration t a ch IP cho cng fa0/0 trn Router1
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
3. t a ch IP cho cho cng fa0/0 ny nh sau
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
4. Kch hot interface fa0/0 ny ln
R1(config-if)#no shutdown

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

5. Gi t a ch IP cho interface Serial2/0 trn R1 nh sau

6. M CLI ca Router2 ln
7. Gn hostname cho n l R2
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R2
8. t a ch IP cho cng fa0/0 trn R2 ny nh sau
R2(config)#interface fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
9. Kch hot interface ny ln
R2(config-if)#no shutdown

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

10. Gi ta truy cp vo CLI ca Router4


11. Gn hostname cho Router4 v sau t a ch IP cho cng Serial2/0 nh sau
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R4
R4(config)#interface Ser2/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
12. Tip tc kch hot cng Serial2/0 trn R4
R4(config-if)#no shutdown

13. Kt ni tr li ti Router1
14. Th ping ti cng fa0/0 trn Router2
R1(config-if)#ping 10.1.1.2
15. Th ping ti cng Serial2/0 trn Router4
R1#ping 172.16.10.2

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

16. Kim tra v bo m trng thi ng kt ni v trng thi giao thc ca cc interface
trn Router u UP

17. Xem ni dung ca running-config v kim tra xem vic t IP ng cha


R1#show running-config
18. Xem thng tin chi tit v IP cho mi interface
R1#show ip interface

32

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 10: ARP


Giao thc ARP
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Xem thng tin trong bng ARP
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router1 v Router2.

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Kt ni ti Router1 (c hostname l R1) v xem bng ARP ca n.
R1>en
R1#show arp
2. Gn a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 trn R1.
R1#conf t
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#end

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

3. Xem li bng ARP ca R1. Lc ny ta thy xut hin mt dng (entry) duy nht l
thng tin v cng Fa0/0 trn R1
R1#show arp

4. Truy cp vo CLI ca Router2 (c hostname l R2)


5. t a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 trn R2 nh sau
R2>en
R2#conf t
R2(config)#interface fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#end
6. Hin ta c mt kt ni gia 2 cng Fa0/0 trn R1 v R2. chc rng kt ni ny
hot ng tt, trn R2 ta ping th ti a ch IP ca cng Fa0/0 trn R1.
R2#ping 10.1.1.1

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

7. Gi xem li bng ARP trn R1 v thy l xut hin thm mt entry dnh cho
cng Fa0/0 trn R2.
R1#show arp

8. Gi ta s xy dng li bng ARP trn R1, chy lnh sau xa thng tin trong bng
ARP ny.
R1#clear arp
9. Xem li bng ARP ca R1 ln cui v ghi nhn li cc entry trong .
R1#show arp

35

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 11: Creating a Host table


To bng Host
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Lm quen vi bng host ca router. Ta s dng bng host t tn cho a ch IP
thng hay s dng, tc l ta s c mt cp nh x gia tn (dng chui k t) v a ch
IP (dng s).
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router1 v Router2. Hai router ny c ni li vi nhau (bng cp
cho) s dng cng Fa0/0 trn mi router nh hnh sau

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Truy cp vo CLI ca Router1 v vo Privileged mode
Router>enable
Router#
2. Vo Configuation mode v t hostname cho Router1 l hn
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname hn
hn(config)#
3. t a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 trn Router1 v kch hot cng ny ln nh sau
hn(config)#interface fa0/0
hn(config-if)#ip address 195.42.36.10 255.255.255.240
hn(config-if)#no shutdown

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

4. Gi ta truy cp vo CLI ca Router2 v vo Privileged mode


Router>enable
Router#
5. Vo Configuation mode v t hostname cho Router2 l hcm
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname hcm
hcm(config)#
6. t a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 trn Router2 v kch hot cng ny ln nh sau
hcm(config)#interface fa0/0
hcm(config-if)#ip address 195.42.36.12 255.255.255.240
hcm(config-if)#no shutdown

7. Thot khi config- if mode. Gi ta khng mun phi g vo a ch IP ca cng


Fa0/0 trn Router1 (hn) mi ln ta th ping ti a ch IP nn ta s to ra mt entry

37

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

trong bng host ca Router2 (hcm) l nh x gia hostname ca Router1 (l hn,


nhng tht ra bn chn mt tn khc bt k cng c) v IP l 195.42.36.10
hcm(config-if)#exit
hcm(config)#
hcm(config)#ip host hn 195.42.36.10

8. Sau , ta c th ping ti a ch IP ca cng Fa0/0 trn Router2 s dng hostname


l hn ca n
hcm(config)#exit
hcm#ping hn
9. Xc nhn li rng entry trn c trong bng host ca Router1 vi lnh sau
hcm#show hosts

38

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 12: Static Routes


Cu hnh Static Route
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
t a ch IP cho cc interface trn cc Router 1, 2 v 4 v sau thm cc static
route vo bng nh tuyn trn cc router ny chng c th lin lc c vi nhau.
1. t hostname cho cc router v kch hot cc interface ca chng.
2. Ping qua li gia cc interface c kt ni trc tip vi nhau.
3. Thit lp cc static route.
4. Xem bng nh tuyn (routing table).
5. Kim tra li l cc router c th ping qua li ln nhau.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router 1, 2 v 4.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Di y l s kt ni gia cc router v cc a ch IP c gn cho cc interface
trn cc router.

2. Sau khi cu hnh xong a ch IP trn mi interface nh trong hnh trn, ta s s dng
lnh ping kim tra rng cc router c ni trc tip nhau th c th lin lc c
vi nhau. Tc l khi bn ang Router1 th bn c th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca
Router 2 v cng Ser2/0 ca Router 4.

39

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn Router 2: t IP cho cng Fa0/0 v ping th ti cng Fa0/0 ca Router 1

Trn Router 4: t IP cho cng Ser2/0 v ping th ti cng Ser2/0 ca Router 1

40

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

3. Gi ta bt u cu hnh static route trn mi router. u tin, xem xt R1. Ta cn to


cc static route ti bt k v tr (node) no m cha c kt ni trc tip vi R1.
Nhng r rng, R1 hin ang c kt ni trc tip ti c Router 2 v Router 4 v th
ta khng cn cu hnh bt k static route no trn R1. K tip, ta s kt ni ti R4.
4. Gi vo Configuration mode trn R4 v ngh v cu lnh no c dng cu hnh
static route cho n? Hin ta bit c rng R4 khng th lin lc vi R2 bi 2 router
ny khng c ni trc tip vi nhau. Cng Ser2/0 ca R4 c a ch IP thuc mng
12.5.10.0 v c ni vi cng Ser2/0 ca R1. R1 cng c kt ni trc tip ti
mng 10.1.1.0 l mng m ta mun R4 ti c. Vy trong trng hp ny ta s cn
mt static route cho mng 10.1.1.0. Trn R4, g lnh sau thit lp mt static route
ti mng 10.1.1.0 ny
R4(config)#ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.5.10.1
Chng ta va to trn R4 mt route ti mng 10.1.1.0. Gi th bt c khi no mt
gi tin c gi cho mng 10.1.1.0 th n s c gi ti router c a ch IP l
12.5.10.1 ( y l cng Ser2/0 ca R1).
5. Hy xem ta c c iu g qua bc 4. Lc cha to static route trn, ta bit r l
c th ping thnh cng ti cng Ser2/0 ca R1 nhng li khng th ping ti cng
Fa0/0 ca R1. Gi ta va thit lp mt route ti mng 10.1.1.0. chc rng route
ny hot ng tt, ta s th ping ti cng Ser2/0 ca R1, Fa0/0 ca R1 v Fa0/0 ca
R2.
R4#ping 12.5.10.1
R4#ping 10.1.1.1
R4#ping 10.1.1.2

41

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

6. Qua kt qu ca 3 lnh ping c th hin nh trong hnh trn ta thy, ch c duy nht
a ch IP 10.1.1.2 (cng Fa0/0 ca R2) l khng h gi li bt c gi ICMP reply no
cho R4, ti sao li nh vy?
Bn th hnh dung v suy lun th ny: mt gi tin lun chuyn trong mng (trong
trng hp ny l gi tin ICMP echo m R4 gi ti 10.1.1.2) c a ch mng ch l
10.1.1.0 khi ti R4 th da vo static route (c lu trong bng nh tuyn ca R4)
trn m R4 s quyt nh y gi tin ra ngoi cng Ser2/0 ca n v chuyn ti
cng Ser2/0 ca R1. V do R1 c kt ni trc tip vi mng 10.1.1.0 nn R1 s gi
gi tin ra ngoi cng Fa0/0 ca n.
Sau , R2 nhn c gi tin m va R1 gi ti v n mun phn hi li cho R4 mt
thng ip bo rng Ny, bn tm thy ti ri!. R2 bt u kim tra gi tin v
thy rng a ch IP ngun l 12.5.10.2 (cng Ser2/0 ca R4) nhng trong bng nh
tuyn ca R2 hin cha c route no dnh cho mng 12.5.10.0 (m 12.5.10.2 thuc
v) nn n nh hy b (drop) gi tin ny v ng thi khng gi li gi tin phn hi
cho R4. l l do ti sao R4 khng nhn c gi ICMP reply no khi ping ti
10.1.1.2.
7. Xem bng nh tuyn ca R4 m bo c tn ti static route m ta va to trn

8. hon tt vic cu hnh static route nhm m bo 3 router u lin lc c vi


nhau th ta cn kt ni ti R2 v to mt static route cho mng 12.5.10.0 (mng m
R4 kt ni trc tip ti). G lnh sau trong CLI ca R2

42

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

R2(config)#ip route 12.5.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1


iu ny c ngha rng bt c gi tin no R2 gi ti mng 12.5.10.0 s phi i qua
10.1.1.1 (cng Fa0/0 ca R1) trc.
9. Tr li R4 v chc rng ta c th ping ti tt c cc interface hin ang hot ng

10. Xem qua bng nh tuyn ca R2

dng c khoanh vin mu xanh ta s thy c k t S c ngha l static route.


K tip ta xem mng ch v thng tin v subnet. [1/0] ln lt cho ta bit gi tr
administrative distance (mc nh l 1) v gi tr metric (trong trng hp l s
lng hop) y l bng 0. Cui cng i ti mng 12.5.10.0 ny th gi tin s cn
i ti a ch 10.1.1.1.

43

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 13: RIP


Cu hnh RIP
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
t a ch IP cho cc interface trn cc Router 1, 2 v 4 v sau cu hnh RIP cho cc
router. C th ta s lm cc cng vic sau:
1. t hostname cho cc router v kch hot cc interface ca chng.
2. Cu hnh RIP.
3. Chn cc mng c kt ni trc tip vi nhau.
4. Xem bng nh tuyn.
5. Xem thng tin v giao thc RIP.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router 1, 2 v 4.
C. Cc bc thc hin: (cch lm ca bc 1 v 2 ca 2 bi lab 12 v lab 13 ny kh
ging nhau, ch khc nhau cc a ch IP c gn cho cc interface)
1. Di y l s kt ni gia cc router v cc a ch IP c gn cho cc interface
trn cc router.

2. Sau khi cu hnh xong cc a ch IP cho mi interface ta cn kim tra xem cc


Router l hng xm ca nhau (c kt ni trc tip vi nhau) c th thy nhau
(lin lc c) hay khng.
3. Gi ta i vo bc cu hnh RIP lm giao thc nh tuyn cho cc router. Tht d
dng cu hnh vi RIP; u tin ta cn vo Configurarion mode trn R1.
R1#
R1#config t
R1(config)#
4. G lnh sau cu hnh RIP cho R1.

44

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#
5. Thm cc mng m R1 kt ni trc tip ti.
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

6. Ta va cu hnh RIP cho R1, gi kt ni ti R2 v vo Configuration mode


R2#
R2#config t
R2(config)#
7. Cu hnh RIP cho R2.
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#
8. Thm (cc) mng m R2 kt ni trc tip ti.
R2(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

9. Tip theo ta s cu hnh RIP cho R4. Kt ni ti R4 v vo Configuration mode

45

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

R4#
R4#config t
R4(config)#
10. Cu hnh RIP cho R4.
R4(config)#router rip
R4(config-router)#
11. Thm (cc) mng m R4 kt ni trc tip ti.
R4(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

12. Ta va cu hnh RIP cho tt c cc router. Nhn Ctrl+Z thot khi Privileged
mode v xt xem ta c th ping ti cc router khng c kt ni trc tip vi nhau
(gia R2 v R4) hay khng. T R2, th ping ti cng Ser2/0 ca R4 c a ch IP l
172.16.10.2.

13. Kt ni ti R4 v ping th ti cng Fa0/0 ca R2 c a ch IP l 10.1.1.2.

46

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

14. Nu R2 v R4 c th ping thnh cng nhau th ta cng cu hnh nh tuyn s


dng RIP thnh cng. Gi ta xem bng nh tuyn ca R4
R4#show ip route

15. Xem thng tin v (cc) giao thc nh tuyn m R4 ang s dng
R4#show ip protocols

47

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 14: Troubleshooting RIP


Chn on v x l s c vi RIP
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
t a ch IP cho cc interface trn cc Router 1, 2 v 4 v sau cu hnh RIP cho cc
router. Sau , ta s quan st cc hot ng nh tuyn s dng lnh debug ip rip. Cn
xem xt cc route trong bng nh tuyn ta s dng lnh show ip route.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router 1, 2 v 4.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Di y hnh m t s kt ni gia cc router v a ch IP c gn cho cc
interface.

2. Cu hnh giao thc nh tuyn RIP trn tt c cc router s dng cc cu lnh network
thch hp

48

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn Router1

Trn Router2

49

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn Router4

3. Kim tra m bo rng cc route hin din y trong cc bng nh tuyn ca tt c cc


router vi lnh show ip route.
Trn Router1

50

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn Router2

Trn Router4

51

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

4. Trong Privileged mode ca Router1, chy lnh debug ip rip


5. Quan st thng tin u ra xut hin trn mn hnh (lu , c th mt gn 60 giy
cc thng tin debug ny mi hin ra)

6. Nu mun dng li qu trnh hin th thng tin debug ca RIP v tr li cho ta du


nhc lnh, ta cn hy b lnh debug. lm iu ny, g vo lnh undebug all
hoc u all v nhn Enter.

7. Xem bng nh tuyn trn Router2 v 4. Ch cc gi tr Administrative distance v metrics


ca cc route (xem cc hnh chp bc 3).

8. m bo rng cc router c th ping thnh cng ti nhau.

52

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn Router1

Trn Router2

Trn Router4

53

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 15: IGRP


Cu hnh IGRP
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
t a ch IP cho cc interface trn cc Router 1, 2 v 4 v sau cu hnh giao thc
nh tuyn IGRP cho cc router ny. C th ta s:
1. t hostname cho cc router v kch hot cc interface ca chng.
2. Cu hnh giao thc nh tuyn IGRP cho cc router.
3. Vi tng router, chn cc mng c kt ni trc tip n.
4. Xem bng nh tuyn ca cc router.
5. Xem thng tin v giao thc IGRP.
Lu c bit: IGRP l mt giao thc ang dn khng cn c h tr trn cc thit b
mng ca Cisco v n c thay th bi EIGRP mt giao thc c nhiu im tng
ng v ci tin hn IGRP. Phin bn ca IOS m Packet Tracer 5.1 gi lp khng h tr
IGRP nn trong bi lab ny ta s cu hnh cho EIGRP lm giao thc nh tuyn thay cho
IGRP.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router 1, 2 v 4.
C. Cc bc thc hin:

1. Di y hnh m t s kt ni gia cc router v a ch IP c gn cho cc


interface.

54

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

2. Sau khi cu hnh xong a ch IP trn mi interface nh trong hnh trn, ta s s dng
lnh ping kim tra rng cc router c ni trc tip nhau th c th lin lc c
vi nhau. Tc l khi bn ang Router1 th bn c th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca
Router 2 v cng Ser2/0 ca Router 4.
Trn Router1

Trn Router2

55

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn Router4

3. Chng ta va cu hnh xong a ch IP cho cc interface, tip n ta s i vo cu


hnh EIGRP lm giao thc nh tuyn cho cc router. iu ny th rt d thc hin,
u tin ta cn vo Configuration mode trn R1
R1>en
R1#conf t
4. G lnh sau cu hnh cho router s dng EIGRP vi tham s Autonomous system
l 100
R1(config)#router eigrp 100
5. Thm cc mng m R1 c kt ni trc tip ti
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

56

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

6. Ta va cu hnh xong EIGRP cho R1, gi ta vo Configuration mode ca R2


R2>en
R2#conf t
7. Chn EIGRP lm giao thc nh tuyn cho R2 v nh km theo tham s Autonomous
system ging vi ca R1
R2(config)#router eigrp 100
8. Thm (cc) mng m R2 ang c kt ni trc tip ti
R2(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

9. Ta va cu hnh xong EIGRP cho R2, gi ta vo Configuration mode ca R4


R4>en
R4#conf t
10. Chn EIGRP lm giao thc nh tuyn cho R4 v nh km theo tham s Autonomous
system ging vi ca R1
R4(config)#router eigrp 100
11. Thm (cc) mng m R4 ang c kt ni trc tip ti
R4(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

12. Gi th ta c EIGRP chy trn c 3 router. Tr v Privileged mode ca R2 v th


s dng lnh ping kim tra xem ta c th ping ti cc router khng c kt ni
trc tip ti R2 hay khng. y ta s th ping ti cng Ser2/0 ca R4 c a ch l
172.16.10.2

13. K tip, t R4 ta s th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca R2 c a ch IP l 10.1.1.2

14. Nu vic ping thnh cng trn c R2 v R4 th coi nh ta hon thnh xong vic cu
hnh nh tuyn cho cc router s dng EIGRP. Gi ta s xem qua bng nh tuyn
ca R1

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

15. Cui cng ta s xem thng tin v giao thc nh tuyn m R1 ang s dng m
bo rng cc cu hnh m ta va thc hin c hiu lc.

59

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 16: PPP and CHAP


Cu hnh PPP vi xc thc CHAP
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
S dng PPP lm phng thc ng gi d liu v cc bc cu hnh CHAP lm phng
thc xc thc bo mt cho kt ni PPP.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
S dng Router1 v Router2 c kt ni li vi nhau thng qua cng Se2/0 trn mi
router nh sau:

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1.

Truy cp vo Configuration mode ca Router1 v t hostname cho n l R1

2. Cng trn R1, chy lnh sau cu hnh cc tham s (username v password) dng
xc thc vi R2

Trong , R2 l hostname ca Router2, cn mmt03 l mt khu ging nhau cho c R1


v R2.
3. Tip tc, gn a ch IP l 10.1.1.1 vi subnet mask l 255.25.255.0 cho cng S2/0
ca R1. Sau chn phng thc ng gi l PPP vi xc thc l CHAP cho cng
ny. Cui cng, g no shut kch hot cho n.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

4. Tng t nh cc bc cu hnh cho R1 trn, trn Router2 ta cng thc hin tun t
nh sau:
- t hostname R2.
- Cu hnh cc tham s xc thc: username l R1 (hostname ca Router1) v password
l mmt03 (ging vi mt khu ta va thit lp cho R1 trn).
- Chn phng thc xc thc l CHAP v ng gi l PPP v cho cng S2/0 ca R2
- Kch hot cng S2/0 ca R2 ln.

5. Cui cng, kim tra v xc nhn rng cc cu hnh trn lm vic ng, ta cn
m bo l t R2 c th ping ti cng S2/0 ca R1

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 18: Saving Router Configurations


Sao lu cu hnh ca Router
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Bi lab ny s hng dn bn cch sao lu cu hnh ca router trong trng hp bn v
tnh xa mt cu hnh ny hoc router ca bn b cht.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router 4 v PC1 lm TFTP Server.
Lu : i vi PC1 th bn cn s dng thit b l Server-PT trong mc End Devices th
mi c dch v TFTP c h tr trn PC1.
M hnh bi lab nh hnh di y. Cng Fa0/0 trn Router 4 c kt ni ti card mng
ca PC1 s dng cp thng (Copper Straight-Through)

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Kt ni ti Router 4 v vo Configuration mode
Router>en
Router#conf t
2. Gn hostname l Tampa cho Router 4
Router(config)#hostname Tampa
3. i vo cng Fa0/0 ca Router 4

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Tampa(config)#int fa0/0
4. Gn a ch IP l 24.37.2.1 vi subnet mask l 255.255.255.0 cho cng Fa0/0 ny
Tampa(config-if)#ip address 24.37.2.1 255.255.255.0
5. Kch hot interface Fa0/0 ln
Tampa(config-if)#no shut

6. Kt ni ti PC 1 v t a ch IP l 24.37.2.252 vi subnet mask l 255.255.255.0,


default gateway l 24.37.2.1 (a ch IP ca cng Fa0/0 trn Router 4)
7. Th ping t PC ti Router chc rng kt ni gia 2 thit b ny hot ng tt
PC>ping 24.37.2.1

8. Kt ni tr li Router 4 v thot khi interface mode. S dng lnh copy chp ni


dung trong running-config ln TFTP server l PC1
Tampa#copy running-config tftp
9. Nhp vo a ch IP ca TFTP server v tn ca file cu hnh m ta s lu tr n trn
TFTP server

63

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

10. Vo PC1 v xc nhn rng s tn ti ca file running-config m ta va chp t Router


4 ln

64

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 19: Loading Router Configurations


Ti v cu hnh ca Router
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Bi lab ny s hng dn bn cch ti v v np cu hnh ca router t TFTP server.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta vn s s dng tip m hnh gm Router 4 v PC1 nh trong bi lab 18. Lu
l bn hon thnh xong cc bc trong lab 18.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Hin ti th file cu hnh ca Router 4 ang c lu tr trn TFTP server c
hostname l Tampa. ng nhp vo Tampa v vo Configuration mode.
Tampa>en
Tampa#conf t
2. t li hostname l Bad_Router.
Tampa(config)#hostname Bad_Router

3. Gi ta s copy cu hnh c lu tr trn TFTP server v ghi ln cu hnh hin ti


m Router 4 ang s dng.
Bad_Router#copy tftp running-config
4. Khi c router nhc nh v a ch IP ca TFTP server, ta nhp vo IP ca PC1 nh
sau
Address or name of remote host []? 24.37.2.252
5. K n ta cn cung cp tn ca file cu hnh cn nhn v t TFTP server.
Source filename []? tampa_running_config
6. Ch mt lt router ti v cu hnh v np n vo running-config

65

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

66

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 20: Frame Relay


Cu hnh Frame Relay
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Hiu c cch thit lp Frame Relay trong kt ni WAN.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router1 v Router2.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Trong bi lab ny, ta s cu hnh frame relay gia router 1 v router 2 theo 2 cch:
dng cng giao tip vt l (physical interface) hoc l cng giao tip logic (sub
interfaces). Lu l c 2 router u kt ni ti Cloud bng u DTE

2. Cch 1: cu hnh frame relay dng physical interfaces trn cc cng serial ca
router. Cc bc gm t a ch IP, chnh DLCI, v chnh Imi-type l ANSI.
Trn Router1:

67

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn Router2:

Kim tra li bng cc lnh show sau


# show frame-relay map
# show frame-relay pvc
# show frame-relay
Cc lnh trn ln lt th hin cc thng tin v Mapping, PVC, LMI

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

3. Cch 2: cu hnh frame relay dng sub interfaces trn cc cng serial ca router. Lu
do vn dng vi thng s cu hnh c nn ta khng cn g qu nhiu cu lnh. Ta
ch cn g a ch IP v frame map t interface gn cho sub interface.
Trn Router1

Trn Router2

Kim tra li bng cc lnh show, lnh ping, kt qu tng t nh cch 1.

69

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 24: Introduction to Basic Switch Commands


Cc cu lnh cu hnh Switch c bn
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Cu hnh c bn cho switch.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
S dng thit b switch c tn Switch1.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Khi truy cp vo Switch1, ta s bt u ti du nhc lnh c bn (i din bi k t
>), tc user mode
2.

xem danh sch tt c cc cu lnh hin c th s dng ti ch c bn ny, ta g


du hi chm (?)

3. Gi mun vo Privilege mode (i din bi k t #) - ch cho php ta ton quyn


kim sot thit b th s dng lnh enable
4. Tip tc, xem cc cu lnh sn dng trong Privilege mode, ta li g ?

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

5. Nu mun cu hnh cho switch. G tip lnh config terminal vo


Configuration mode
6. Host name c s dng nhn dng thit b. Khi ng nhp vo switch, bn s
thy Host name nm ng trc du nhc lnh (> hoc #). Bn c th thay i Host
name ch ra v tr hoc chc nng ca switch. Lnh hostname sau y s t tn
cho Switch1 l mmt03

7. S dng lnh enable password thit lp mt khu truy cp cho Privilege


mode. iu ny thc s rt quan trng v trong Privilege mode, bn c th to ra
nhiu thay i cu hnh ca switch nn bn cn gii hn ch nhng ngi bit
c mt khu mi c th ng nhp vo switch cu hnh cho thit b.
C mt cht khc bit v c php lnh khi t mt khu cho switch v router. Trn
cc thit b mng Cisco, c nhiu mc quyn hn - privilege level, v thng c 16
level c nh s t 0 n 15. Mi level c mt tp cc lnh v bn c th iu
chnh li tp cc lnh trong tng level, mc nh th User mode l level 1 v level 15
l Privileged mode. Sau bn c th thit lp cho mt (nhm) ngi dng no
ch c php s dng cc cu lnh thuc level no .
t mt khu l uit cho Privileged mode c level l 15 (tc gi nguyn cu hnh
mc nh) ta thc hin nh sau

8. Gi kim tra mt khu ny, ta tr v User mode (lnh exit) v th vo li Privileged


mode (lnh enable), sau nhp vo mt khu l uit ti du nhc Password:

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

G tip conf term tip tc cc bc sau ca bi lab


9. Vn duy nht i vi enable password l n xut hin trong file cu hnh ca
switch di dng khng m ha (plain-text). Nu bn cn cho ai xem file ny
h c th gip bn khc phc vn no th c th bn v tnh t ph v c
ch bo v ca h thng bng vic l mt khu truy nhp vo Privileged mode ca
switch.
Lnh enable secret di y s thit lp mt khu c lu tr dng m ha
trong file cu hnh ca thit b. ng qun tham s lnh level c gi tr l 15 v
y chui mt khu dng plain-text m ngi dng cn nhp khi mun vo
Privileged mode l cisco.

10. By gi ta th kim tra mt khu enable secret ny bng cch tr v User mode v
sau g enable. Lu l khi tn ti c 2 loi mt khu l enable password v enable
secret th enable secret s c u tin s truy nhp vo Privileged mode. Do vy,
y ta cn nhp vo chui mt khu l cisco.

Nh vy ta tm hiu xong cc lnh cu hnh cn bn cho Switch.

72

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 28: Standard Access Lists


Danh sch kim sot truy cp chun
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Tm hiu v thc hnh cu hnh cc danh sch kim sot truy cp chun (Standard ACL).
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router 1, 2 v 4 vi cc cng c kt ni v t a ch IP theo
m hnh nh sau:

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Trn Router1, t a ch IP cho cc cng Fa0/0 v Ser2/0 nh sau:

2. Trn Router2, t a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 nh sau:

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

3. T Router2, ping ti a ch IP ca cng Fa0/0 ca Router1

4. Trn Router4, t a ch IP cho cng Ser2/0 nh sau:

Sau ping th ti a cha IP ca cng Ser2/0 ca Router1

5. Cu hnh RIP cho Router1 v thm network dnh cho cc cng Fa0/0 v Ser2/0

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

6. Cu hnh RIP cho Router2 v thm network dnh cho cng Fa0/0

7. Cu hnh RIP cho Router4 v thm network dnh cho cng Ser2/0

8. T Router4, ping th ti a ch IP ca cng Fa0/0 ca Router2

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

9. Gi ta s cu hnh ACL trn Router2 chn kh nng Router4 ping ti Router2. Vo


ch Configuration. Sau , to mt access-list 1 ch chn a ch IP 24.17.2.18
(cng Ser2/0 ca Router4) theo sau l lnh access-list permit any
cho php tt c cc a ch IP khc c gi gi tin ti cng Fa0/0 ca Router2.

Ngoi lnh access-list 1 deny host 24.17.2.18, ta cn c th s dng


hai lnh tng ng sau:
# access-list 1 deny 24.17.2.18 0.0.0.0
v
# access-list 1 deny 24.17.2.18
10. Sau khi to xong access-list trn, ta cn gn n cho cng Fa0/0 ca Router2 ng
thi ch ra hng i ca gi tin m access-list ny s kim sot (i vo hay i ra t
cng Fa0/0 ca Router2). in c ngha l cc gi tin n t mng v s i vo router
v out c ngha rng cc gi tin i ra khi router v i vo mng.

11. Kim tra li rng by gi Router4 khng th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca Router2 na.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 29: Verify Standard Access Lists


Kim tra li cu hnh Standard ACL
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Kim tra xem access-list c cu hnh ng hay cha.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
- Yu cu: hon thnh xong lab 28 (Standard Access List)
- Chng ta s tip tc lm vic vi m hnh ca lab 28.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. bc u tin ny ta s xem xt xem c th ping ti Router2 t Router4 khng.
Kt ni ti Router4 v th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca Router2 (c a ch IP l
24.17.2.2). Nu bn nhn c 5 du chm nh hnh sau th access-list m ta to
lab 28 lm vic ng.

2. Truy cp vo Router2 v thm tra xem cc access-list ca ta ang chy trn cc


interface no, xem ni dung ca running-config

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

3. Ta cng c th xem cc access-list c p dng cho cc interface no bng lnh


show ip interface

4. Lnh show access-lists s cho ta bit cc access-list no m ta to trn


router. N cng s cho ta bit cc entry no trong access-list c s dng v s
lng gi tin m router cho php hoc b chn.

78

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 30: Extended Access Lists


Danh sch kim sot truy cp m rng
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Tm hiu v thc hnh cu hnh cc danh sch kim sot truy cp m rng (Extended
ACL).
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
S dng li m hnh cng nh cc bc cu hnh a ch IP cho cc interface v RIP trn
cc router tng t bi lab 28.
Lu : Nu bn thc hin cu hnh Standard ACL lab 28 th trc khi i vo cc
bc ca lab 29 ny, bn cn thc hin lnh no ip access-group 1 trn cng
Fa0/0 ca Router2 (hoc s dng lnh no ip access-list standard 1 trong
ch Configuration ca Router2)
C. Cc bc thc hin: (t bc 1 -> 8, thc hin ging lab 28)
9. Hai extended access list m ta s to ra sau y c 2 tc dng khc nhau. u tin, ta
s ch cho php subnet ni trc tip vi cng S2/0 ca Router1 c telnet ti cng
S2/0 ca Router1. lm iu ny ta chy lnh sau trong ch Configuration ca
Router1.
Router1(config)#access-list 101 permit tcp 24.17.2.16
0.0.0.15 any eq telnet
10. Tip n ta s cho php bt k gi tin no t subnet 24.17.2.0 bng lnh sau
Router1(config)#access-list 102 permit ip 24.17.2.0
0.0.0.15 any
11. Gi ta cn gn cc access-list ny cho cc interface. Di y l cc lnh dng gn
access-list 101 cho cng S2/0 ca Router1 theo hng inbound (cc gi tin i
vo cng ny s chu s kim sot).
Router1(config)#int S2/0
Router1(config)#ip access-group 101 in
Router1(config)#exit
12. Vi cng Fa0/0 th ta cn gn access-list 102 hng inbound.
Router1(config)#int F0/0
Router1(config)#ip access-group 102 in

79

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Router1(config)#exit

13. Nh vy l ta hon thnh xong cc yu cu ca bi lab ny. bi lab k tip ta s


thc hin cc bc thm nh rng cc access-list trong bi ny c cu hnh
chun xc.

80

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 31: Verify Extended Access Lists


Kim tra Extended Access Lists
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Kim tra li cc cu hnh access-list bi lab 30.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
- S dng li m hnh cng nh cc bc cu hnh a ch IP cho cc interface v RIP
trn cc router tng t bi lab 28.
- hon thnh cu hnh extended access list trong bi lab 30.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Gi ta s kim tra xem cc access-list lab 30 c c cu hnh ng cha. Kt ni
ti Router4 v th ping ti cng S2/0 ca Router1. Nu ping khng thnh cng th
access-list 101 ang lm vic ng.

2. Tip n ta cn kim tra xem t Router4 c c php telnet ti Router1 cha. Kt


ni ti Router1 v cho php truy cp bng telnet, sau thit lp mt khu cho kt
ni telnet l mmt03.

81

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

3. Gi kt ni tr li Router4 v th telnet ti Router1


Router4#telnet 24.17.2.17
4. Nu thy du nhc lnh ca router i thnh Router1 th tc l ta telnet thnh cng
ti Router1. Gi chy lnh exit hoc nhn gi t hp phm control+shift+6+x
tr li Router4. Sau , g tip lnh disconnect 1 ng kt ni telnet ti
Router1. Nh vy, ta cu hnh ng cho access-list.

5. Gi kt ni ti Router2 v kim tra xem ta c th ping ti cng S2/0 ca Router4 hay


khng

6. Kt qu cho thy ta khng th lnh ping bc 5 khng thnh cng, ti sao li nh


vy? Hy mng tng ra qu trnh m gi tin lu chuyn trong mng. Gi tin bt
u ti Router2, i qua Router1 v c chuyn ti Router4. Sau , ti Router4, gi
tin c ng gi li v gi tr v cho Router1. Khi Router4 ng gi li gi tin, IP
ngun ca gi tin tr thnh IP ch v IP ch tr thnh IP ngun. Khi gi tin gp phi
access-list trn cng S2/0 ca Router1 th n b chn li bi v IP ngun ca gi tin l
a ch ca cng S2/0 ca Router4.

82

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

7. Gi ta kim tra xem t Router2 c th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca Router1 (24.17.2.1)


hay khng

8. Nu ping c th ta c th kim tra thm kh nng telnet ti Router1 nh sau:

9.

thm tra access-list no c gn cho interface no, ta s xem ni dung ca


running-config

83

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

10. Ngoi ra, ta cng c th s dng lnh show ip interface t c mc ch


nh bc 9

11. Lnh show access-lists s cho bit cc access-list no c to trn router.


N cng cho ta bit cc entry no ca access-list c s dng v c bao nhiu gi
tin c php hoc b t chi bi access-list.

84

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 32: Named Access Control Lists


Named Access Control Lists
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
To mt ACL c gn tn (thay v c nhn dng bi con s nh trong cc bi lab
trc) cm tt c cc gi ping t PC ti Router1 nhng cho php truy cp t Router4
ti Router1. Ta s cu hnh cc ACL ny trn Router1
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Xy dng m hnh kt ni gia PC v cc router v cu hnh IP cho cc thit nh hnh
di y:

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Cu hnh giao thc nh tuyn RIP trn c 2 router s dng cc lnh network thch
hp (xem li lab 13)
2. Chy lnh show ip route m bo cc tuyn ng trong bng nh tuyn
ca cc router l y v chnh xc. Sau kim tra kt ni gia cc thit b bng
lnh ping.

85

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn Router1

Trn Router4

3. Gi ta s ngn chn tt c cc lu lng ping xut pht t PC v c gi cho


Router1. Access list ny c th nm trn Router4 hoc Router1. Thng th ta s c
access list c t trn router m nm gn ngun (gi gi tin) nht c th v iu ny
gip loi b nguy c cc lu lng khng cn thit di chuyn trong mng. Nhng v
d ny, ta s t access list trn Router1 vi hng inbound nh sau:

86

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Theo hnh trn th:


-

Cu lnh u tin ch r kiu ca access list l extended.


Dng lnh th hai c tc dng t chi bt k gi ICMP no c gi t host c IP l
192.168.1.1 v ch n l host c IP l 192.168.1.1. rng ta dng tham s
lnh host cho phn u (source address) ca access list v dng wildcard 0.0.0.0 cho
phn hai (destination address) ca access list. C host v wildcard y u c tc
dng ging nhau l xc nh a ch IP ca mt host c th (ch khng phi mt tp
cc IP).
Lnh th ba cho bit rng tt c cc lu lng khc u khng b chn bi access list.

4. K tip ta s gn access list va to trn cho cng S2/0 ca Router1 v access list
ny s dnh cho hng inbound.

5. Gi kt ni ti PC v th ping ti cng S2/0 ca Router1 nh sau

87

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Ta thy, PC c IP l 192.168.1.18 khng th ping ti IP 192.168.1.1, Nh vy, access list


ca ta lm vic ng theo yu cu.
Xc nhn rng t Router4 c th ping thnh cng ti Router1 nh sau

88

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 33: Advanced Extended Access List


Nng cao v Extended Access List
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Cu hnh Extended Access List lc nhiu loi lu lng mng (traffic) khc nhau nh:
- Lc cc traffic gi t network ny ti network kia.
- Lc cc traffic gi t host ti network.
- Lc cc traffic gi t network ti host.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
1. Xy dng s mng v cu hnh IP cho cc thit b nh hnh sau:

2. Cu hnh RIP cho tt c cc router s dng cc cu lnh network thch hp.


3. m bo rng cc route trong bng nh tuyn ca cc router c to ra y
v chnh xc vi lnh show ip route.
4. Kim tra kt ni gia cc thit b bng lnh ping.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
Kim sot traffic gi t network ny ti network kia.
1. Access list u tin ta to ra s ch cho php cc traffic (s dng protocol bt k) t
mng Administration (gm PC4 v PC5) gi ti mng Corporate HQ (gm PC1).
lm iu ny ta s s dng extended access list nh sau:

89

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

access-list 100 permit ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.127


192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 100 permit ip 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 any
-

Cu lnh u c ngha rng cc IP nm trong di (192.168.1.0 -> 192.168.1.127)


c php gi bt k traffic no ti cc IP thuc mng 192.168.3.0/24.

Cu lnh th hai c ngha rng cc cc IP thuc mng 192.168.2.0/24 c php gi


bt k traffic no ti bt k mng no. V ngm nh, di cng access list lun c
mt entry mang ngha cm tt c cc traffic vo/ra nn ta cn ti lnh ny cc
router1 v router2 c th trao i (dng broadcast) cc thng tin nh tuyn (RIP) cho
nhau.

2. V traffic xut pht t Router2 v i n Router1 nn ta s cu hnh v gn access list


cho cng S2/0 ca Router1 kim tra tt c cc traffic gi n cng ny (hng
inbound).

3. kim tra access list ny, th ping PC1 t PC2, PC3, PC4 v PC5. Nu PC2 v PC3
khng th ping ti PC1 nhng PC4 v PC5 th c th th ta access list lm vic
ng theo yu cu.
Trn PC2

90

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn PC4

Kim sot traffic gi t host ny ti host kia


1. Phn tip theo ca bi lab ny, ta s kha vic truy cp n file server (PC5) t mt
my trm c th (PC2). thc hin iu ny, ta s to mt access list trn Router2
c tc dng chn tt c cc traffic gi t PC2 n PC5. Sau gn access list ny cho
cng Fa0/0 ca Router2.

2. Gi kt ni ti PC2 v xc nhn rng ta khng th ping ti PC5 nhng t PC3 ta c


th ping ti PC5
Trn PC2

91

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Trn PC3

Kim sot traffic gi t network cho host


1. Trc khi bt u cu hnh cho access list mi ny, ta cn loi b cc access list trn
Router1 v Router2 va to trn nh sau:
Trn Router1

Trn Router2

2. kch bn cui cng ny, ta s chn tt c cc traffic gi n PC1 t vng Network


Users nh trong s mng trn. lm iu ny, ta s vit mt extended access
list nh sau:

92

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

access-list 102 deny ip 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.127 host


192.168.3.2
access-list 102 permit ip any any
Ri gn access list 102 ny cho cng S2/0 ca Router2 vi hng outbound.

kim tra access list c lm vic ng cha, th ping PC1 t PC2 hoc PC2, nu
ping tht bi th chc mng, ta hon thnh xong bi lab 33 ny.

93

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 34: Introduction to Telnet


Lm quen vi Telnet trn Router
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Tm hiu vic thit lp phin kt ni Telnet gia 2 router.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
- S dng Router1 v Router2 c kt ni trc tip vi nhau thng qua cng Ethernet
trn 2 router ny.

Cu hnh a ch IP cho cc cng Fa0/0 trn 2 router nh s trn. Sau kim tra
kt ni gia chng bng lnh ping.

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Kt ni vo Router1. y, Router1 ng vai tr lm thit b tip nhn cc yu cu
thit lp phin telnet v quy nh mt khu m cc thit b khc cn s dng nu
mun telnet vo n.
- Vo ch Configuration ca Router1.
- Truy cp vo cc line vty (virtual terminal). Mi vty i din cho mt phin telnet
ang hot ng v thng c ti a 15 line vty trn router. Router1 h tr cng
lc 5 phin telnet (tng ng vi 5 vty) th cu lnh m ta cn g vo y l
line vty 0 4

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

2. Gi ta cn bo cho Router1 bit rng ta s i hi ngi dng cung cp mt khu


ng nhp khi h mun telnet vo Router1 s dng lnh login.
3. G vo mt khu c s dng thit lp phin telnet, y ta chn mt khu l
mmt03

4. Vo Router2. G lnh sau kt ni telnet n Router1 s dng a ch IP ca cng


Fa0/0 trn Router1.

Sau , g vo mt khu l mmt03 ng nhp. Nu du nhc lnh tr v l


Router1> th ta telnet thnh cng vo Router1.
5. Gi nhn ng thi t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+6, sau th ra v ngay lp tc
nhn phm x. Bn s nhn thy rng du nhc lnh (hostname) i thnh Router2
tc l gi ta quay li lm vic vi Router2 (v phin telnet va to vn c duy tr).

95

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

6. Tip tc, g lnh show sessions xem tt c cc phin telnet ang hot ng.
tr li lm vic vi phin telnet no , xc nh con s i din cho phin telnet
ri s dng lnh resume nh sau:

y, s 1 tng ng vi phin telnet ti IP 192.168.1.1 (Router1) v ta thy rng


du nhc lnh quay v li l Router1.
7. Gi nhn t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+6 theo sau l phm x li quay v
Router2. Cui cng g lnh disconnect 1 kt thc phin telnet ti Router1

96

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 35: Introduction to VLAN


Gii thiu v VLAN
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Bit c nhng u im ca VLAN.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
S dng Router, Switch v PC1, PC2 c kt ni v cu hnh IP nh hnh sau.
Chng ta s cu hnh cho Router v Switch h tr VLAN. Mc ch ca lab ny l
thit lp cc PC1 v PC2 c th ping c cho nhau thng qua switch. Sau ta s thay
i cc VLAN trn switch chng khng th ping cho nhau cng nh khng th ping
ti router c na. Cui cng ta s thay i cu hnh trn Switch cc PC thuc cng
VLAN v xem xt rng chng li c th ping cho nhau.

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Bt u bng vic cu hnh a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 ca Router nh sau.

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CCNA Lab Series | manthang

2. Kt ni ti PC1 v t IP cho n nh sau

3. Kt ni ti PC2 v t IP cho n nh sau

4. T PC2, kim tra ping thnh cng ti PC1 v Router

98

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

5. Gi kt ni ti Switch v cu hnh VLAN. Mc nh, th tt c cc cng (port) trn


switch u nm trong cng VLAN c ID l 1 (VLAN 1). Trong trng hp ny ta s
thit t cho port Fa1/1 ca switch (hin ang ni vi PC1) vo mt VLAN c ID l
22 tch bit vi cc port cn li. Bt u to mt VLAN mi c ID l 22 nh sau:

Nu mun bn c th t tn cho VLAN 22 ny gip nhn dng v phn bit d


dng hn gia cc VLAN, nh trong hnh trn ta t l pc1-pc2.
6. Gi ta cn gn cc port vo VLAN 22 va to bc 5. Di y s gn port Fa1/1
ca Switch ang ni vi PC1 vo VLAN 22.

7. Tip n ta kt ni li vo PC2 v th ping ti PC1 v Router th kt qu nh sau:

99

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Nh hnh trn ta thy, PC2 c th ping ti Router nhng PC1 khng th ping c
PC1. Ti sao li nh vy?
Trn Switch, ta cu hnh cho VLAN 22 ch gm port Fa1/1. iu ny c ngha
rng tt c cc port cn li (Fa0/1, Fa2/1 -> Fa5/1) vn cn nm trong VLAN 1. V
th, khi PC2 (hin ang ni vi port Fa2/1) gi gi tin ping ti Switch th cc gi tin
c nh du l VLAN 1 v cng ng ngha vi vic chng ch c th i ra khi
cc port thuc VLAN 1 m thi. V kt qu l chng (cc gi tin ping t PC2) khng
th i ra khi port Fa0/1 thuc VLAN 22 ti PC1.
8. Gi ta li kt ni tr li Switch v cu hnh VLAN cho port Fa2/1 (hin ang ni vi
PC2) nm trong VLAN 22 nh sau

9. Gi kt ni li vi PC2 v th ping li ti Router v PC1

100

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

S khc l y l g? Hin PC2 c th ping ti PC1 nhng vn khng th ping


ti Router. L do l v lc ny gi tin ping t PC2 c nh du l VLAN 22, tc l
n ch c th i ra khi port Fa0/1 ang c ni vi PC1 v cng thuc VLAN 22.
y cng chnh l mc ch ca bi lab m ta mun thc hin.
10. Kt ni tr li Switch v s dng lnh show vlan (hoc show vlan brief)
xem xt vic phn nh VLAN

11. Cui cng, kt ni li vo Switch v gn port Fa0/1 vo VLAN 22 cho php c 3


thit b (Router, PC1, PC2) c th ping c ln nhau.

12. Kim tra li vic ping thnh cng gia Router, PC1 v PC2 bng cch t Router ping
ti PC1 v PC2

101

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 36: VLAN Trunking Protocol


Cu hnh VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
To cc VLAN trn switch Catalyst 2950.
Gn cng lc nhiu port vo cc VLAN
Cu hnh giao thc VTP thit lp kt ni gia VTP server v VTP client.
To mt ng trunk gia 2 switch lm knh truyn dn gip ng b thng tin v
VLAN gia cc switch.
Kim tra cu hnh ca VLAN v VTP.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Trong Packet Tracer, s dng 2 switch 2950-24 v chng c kt ni nh sau

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. t a ch IP cho interface VLAN1 ca Switch1 nh sau

2. t a ch IP cho interface VLAN1 ca Switch2 nh sau

102

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

3. Kim tra kt ni thnh cng gia 2 switch bng cch ping qua li gia chng
T Switch1 ping ti Switch2

T Switch2 ping ti Switch1

4. Ti Switch1, to vlan 18 v vlan 14. Sau gn cc port 0/2-0/5 cho vlan 8 v cc


port 0/6-0/10 cho vlan 14

103

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

5. S dng lnh show vlan xc nhn cu hnh vlan va to trn l chnh xc

6. Mc nh th Catalyst switch c cu hnh lm VTP Server. Gi ta mun thit lp


cho Switch1 lm VTP Server cn Switch2 lm VTP Client. Ngoi ra thay i VTP
domain thnh UIT v VTP password l mmt03
Trn Switch1 thc hin cc lnh sau

Trn Switch2 thc hin cc lnh sau

104

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

7. K tip ta cn to mt ng trunk truyn ti cc thng tin cu hnh vlan t


Switch1 sang Switch2. lm iu ny, ta s bt trunking trn cc port ni gia 2
switch, y l 2 port Fa0/1 ca mi switch. Phng thc ng gi (encapsulation)
c s dng l 802.1q.
Trn Switch1, thc hin cc lnh sau

Trn Switch2, thc hin cc lnh sau

8. Cui cng, xem thng tin v cc VLAN m Switch2 cp nht t Switch1 th ti


Switch2 g lnh show vlan

Cn xem thng tin trng thi lm vic ca VTP ta g

105

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

Lab 37: OSPF Single Area Configuration and Testing


Cu hnh OSPF (Single Area)
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Cu hnh v kim tra hot ng ca giao thc nh tuyn OSPF trn router vi cc bc
c bn sau:
1. t hostname cho cc router v kch hot cc interface cn c s dng.
2. Cu hnh OSPF trn cc router.
3. Chn cc mng c kt ni trc tip vi nhau.
4. Xem xt bng nh tuyn.
5. Xem thng tin v giao thc OSPF.
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
S dng cc Router1, 2 v 4 c cc interface c kt ni nh sau:

C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Sau khi cu hnh a ch IP cho cc interface ca cc router nh m hnh trn v xc
nhn rng cc router c ni trc tip vi nhau c th ping thnh cng ti nhau, tc
l R1 c th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca R2 v cng Se2/0 ca R4.
2. Tip n ta s cu hnh OSPF lm giao thc nh tuyn trn cc router. iu ny rt
d thc hin, u tin ta cn vo Configuration mode trn R1. Sau chy lnh sau:
#router ospf 100

106

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

(vi 100 l Process ID)

3. Thm vo a ch mng ca cc mng ang c kt ni trc tip vi R1 s dng


lnh sau:

4. Gi vo Configuration mode ca R2, sau chn OSPF lm giao thc nh tuyn v


thm vo (cc) mng c kt ni trc tip vi R2 bng cch thc hin tun t cc
lnh sau:

5. Tng t, ta vo Configuration mode ca R4, sau chn OSPF lm giao thc nh


tuyn v thm vo (cc) mng c kt ni trc tip vi R4 bng cch thc hin tun
t cc lnh sau

6. Hin ti th OSPF ang chy trn c 3 router. Nhn <Ctr>l + Z thot khi
Privileged mode v kim tra xem ta gia cc router khng c kt ni trc tip c
th ping thnh cng ti nhau hay khng. T R2 th ping ti cng Se2/0 ca R4 c IP
l 172.16.10.2

107

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

7. K n kt ni vo R4 v th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca R2 vi IP l 10.1.1.2

8. Nu kt qu ca 2 lnh ping trn thnh cng th ta hon thnh xong cu hnh nh


tuyn s dng OSPF cho cc router. Gi xem qua bng nh tuyn trn R2 vi lnh
sau

9. Trn R1, bit thng tin v giao thc nh tuyn m router ang s dng, ta chy
lnh sau

108

CCNA Lab Series | manthang

10. Lnh sau s hin th ni dung c s d liu ca OSPF

11. hin th tt c cc router k cn vi R1, g lnh sau

12. Cui cng, hin th tt c cc interface ca router ang s dng OSPF, ta chy lnh
sau:

-- Ht -109

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