Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2163
2163
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Gravimeter ".
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""Seismograph .
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Magnetometer .
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.1 THE CABLE TOOL
.2 " " THE ROTARY DRILL
.3 TURBO DRILLING
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Christmas Tree
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.1 .
.2 .
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- 80
%90 .
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1.
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. " "
1 4 ) (C1 - C4
" associated gases " . 5 15
) (C5 - C15 C16H34
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CnH2n .
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400 .
550 - 400 %80 - 70
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2. :
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% 0,5 %3 %7
%0,5 .
H2S RSH
R-S-R R-S-S-R .
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" 0.03 "%0.3
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%1
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N S
V P K Ni I .
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1. API:
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G V: G/V
m V
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"4+ 20 + " d420
. 4 .
American Petroleum Institute API
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API 10 API50 20 API. 45
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2. " "
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)(n )(Pa.s
) (v d
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200
20 .
Simple Viscometer
1 2 C
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(Viscosity Index (VI
100 50
= VI
VI = 100. .
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3. :
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250 .300 .
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4. :
" " inflammability .
flash point
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" Ignition point .
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50 - 30 30 90
130 320 .
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" " Self Ignition
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300 350 - 400 500 .
18 -
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30 60
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%15 . .
10
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gas separator
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%2
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1,5 reboiler 110 .
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NaCl,MgCl2 ,CaCl 2
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3. :
" : " hydorphobic"
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. Ca, A1,
Fe. Mg . interface
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75-70.
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155-150
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90-80 .
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5 2 80-68 .
%. 20
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6000 - 6500 .
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2500 - 3000 / %5
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80 - 70
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150 - 135
24 - 20 / .2
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.1 " " Separation
.2 " " Conversion
.3 Treatment
: " " Separation
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2. :
. )Liquefied Petroleum gases : (L.P.G.
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. " " Gasoline:
150 C4
C12
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. Kerosine:
. 250 - 150
C12 C16
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. " " (Gas Oil (solar:
250 350 17
.(C17-C20 )20
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180 360
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3. " " VACUUM DISTILLATION
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Vacuum Pumps .
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STABILIZER
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4. :
. : Lubricating Oils
350 500
400 - 350 400 450 450 500 .
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42 .
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Solvent Extraction:
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BRIGHT STOCKS
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.1
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.7
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- -
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Carbon Black . .
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. 1930
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.1
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30 - 25/ .
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2000 - 2500/
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.2
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Antinock
Resistance
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:
) 4-2-2 )
.3 100 .
100 .
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.2 " " .
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.3 50 70.
Pb (C2H5)4
2 4 / 70 .85
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( 98 :
.1
180 360
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: n-C16H34 100.
" -1 " .
.2 "" -1
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-1
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Conversion
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1. :
. THERMAL CRACKING:
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1913
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:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
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. COKING
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%38-15 %77-49 % 17-7
%12-5 .4
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. PYROLYSIS
" ". 850
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2. Catalytic cracking
1936 .
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30
Hydrocracking.
"" %12 %88 .
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3. Reforming
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. Platforming 98
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%80
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- :
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. Polymerization
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Polymers
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8-4 .
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%4-1
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1. :
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H2S .
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.1 " "
.2
2. :
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100
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100 .
" : Sweetening "Doctor treatment
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3.
%80 .
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1-
2-
3-
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1-
2-
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1-
2-