Truyn d liu t my tnh n my tnh trong h thng mng c 3 loi l: Unicast,

Broadcast v Multicast c nh ngha trong IPv4 v c ng dng thc t, ngoi ra

cn c mt kiu truyn d liu khc l Anycast (IPv6) nhng cng ch mi l nh
ngha.
Unicast: truyn thng Unicast l vic truyn d liu t mt my tnh n mt my tnh
khc. Trong mt mng my tnh thng thng, khi my A truyn d liu n cho my B
th tt c cc my tnh khc s khng nhn v x l c d liu ny.
VD: my tnh ngun kt ni vi my tnh ch thng qua Switch. Khi my ngun
mun truyn d liu th n s gi d liu n cho Switch v Switch s chuyn n
cho my ngun (cc my cn li s khng nhn c d liu).
Trong mt trng hp khc ta thay Switch bng vic dng Hub th mt vn
khc s xy ra. V Hub khng thng minh nh Switch nn d liu t my ngun
s c gi n tt c my tnh khc trong mng. Tuy nhin, nu iu ny c xy
ra th NIC (Network Interface Card) trn cc my tnh b gi nhm s xc nh
li a ch IP my nhn trong gi tin Unicast c phi gi n cho a ch IP ca n
hay khng, nu khng phi th n s khng x l gi tin .
Broadcast: l vic truyn d liu t mt my n tt c cc my trong cng mt Subnet
(mng con). y cn xc nh r rng gi tin Broadcast khng phi l gi tin gi d
liu t mt my n tt c cc my trong mng, thay vo n s gi d liu n tt c
cc my trong mt Subnet.
Subnet: l mt nhm cc my tnh c xc nh t mt nhm my tnh ln hn,
c xc nh qua mt hoc nhiu Router. Ni mt cch d hiu, mt port (cng)
trn Router s phn chia ra mt Subnet
Multicast: hnh thc truyn d liu t mt my n mt nhm my tnh c thit lp
t trc. Khi mt my tnh tham gia vo nhm Multicast, NIC ca my s cu hnh
cho php x l d liu thng qua vic a ch IP ca nhm Multicast .
Nhng khc bit:
Unicast: truyn d liu t mt my n mt my trong cng mt mng ln (c th
truyn t subnet ny sang subnet khc).
Broadcast: truyn d liu t mt my n tt c cc my trong cng mt mng con
(ch c th truyn d liu trong cng mt subnet, tr trng hp ngoi l).
Multicast: d liu c th c truyn t subnet ny sang subnet khc (tng t
Unicast)
Nhng ngoi l:
Hu ht cc quy tc c t ra u c ngoi l. V th m Router v Broadcast
cng c trng hp ngoi l. Trong trng hp bnh thng, Router l thit b xc
nh v phn cch cc Subnet nn gi tin Broadcast n t cc port khc nhau ca
Router s khng th truyn n c vi nhau.
Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp nh vic s dng DHCP Server, Router s
c cu hnh cho php cc gi tin Broadcast di chuyn t subnet ny sang

subnet kia mt cch d dng. iu ny gip cho mt DHCP Server n l c th

phc v cho nhiu DHCP Server trong mng, mc d trong mng c nhiu
subnet c phn chia.