TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6306-3:2006
MY BIN P IN LC PHN 3 : MC CCH IN, TH NGHIM IN MI V
KHONG CCH LY BN NGOI KHNG KH
Power transformers Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air
Li ni u
TCVN 6306-3 : 2006 thay th TCVN 6306-3 : 1997 (IEC 76-3:1980) v TCVN 6306-3-1 : 1997
(IEC 76-3-1 : 1987);
TCVN 6306-3-1 : 2006 hon ton tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60076-3 : 2000;
TCVN 6306-3 : 2006 do Ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC/E1 My in v kh c in bin son,
Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.
MY BIN P IN LC PHN 3 : MC CCH IN, TH NGHIM IN MI V
KHONG CCH LY BN NGOI KHNG KH
Power transformers Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in
air
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny p dng cho my bin p in lc ba pha v mt pha (k c my bin p t
ngu), loi ngm trong du tr cc my bin p c bit v my bin p nh, c xc nh
trong phm vi p dng ca TCVN 6306-1 (IEC 60076-1). Tiu chun ny phn bit cc cun dy
ca my bin p dng cho thit b Um kt hp vi mc cch in danh nh tng ng ca chng
v cp n cc th nghim in mi lin quan c th p dng v khe h khng kh bn ngoi
nh nht gia cc b phn mang in ca s xuyn v cc vt c in th t.
i vi cc loi ca my bin p in lc v cun khng c tiu chun ring th tiu chun ny
ch p dng cho phn nht nh c vin dn trong cc tiu chun ring .
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau y rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm ban hnh th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi
nm ban hnh th p dng phin bn mi nht. Tuy nhin, cc bn c tha thun da trn tiu
chun ny cn nghin cu kh nng p dng phin bn mi nht ca cc ti liu lit k di y.
TCVN 6306-1 (IEC 60076-1), My bin p in lc Phn 1: Qui nh chung
TCVN 6989-1 (CISPR 16-1), Qui nh i vi phng php v thit b o nhiu tn s radio v o
min nhim Thit b o nhiu v o min nhim tn s radio
IEC 60050 (421), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 421: Power
transformers and reactors (T vng k thut in quc t (IEV) Chng 421: My bin p in
lc v cun khng)
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques Part 1: General definitions and test requirements (K
thut th nghim cao p Phn 1: nh ngha chung v cc yu cu th nghim)
IEC 60060-2, High-voltage test techniques Part 2: Measuring systems (K thut th nghim
cap p Phn 2: H thng o)
IEC 60071-1:1993, Insulation coordination Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules (Cch in
phi hp Phn 1: nh ngha, qui nh v qui tc)
IEC 60071-2:1976, Insulation coordination Part 2: Application guide (Cch in phi hp
Phn 2: Hng dn p dng)
IEC 60137:1995, Bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 V (Cc s xuyn dng cho in
p xoay chiu trn 1 000 V)

IEC 60270, Partial discharge measurements (Php o phng in cc b)

IEC 60076-4, Power transformenrs Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse testing
Power transformenrs and reactors (My bin p in lc Hng dn th nghim xung st v
xung ng ct My bin p in lc v cun khng)
IEC 60790, Oscilloscopes and peak voltmeters for impulse tests (ng h o in p nh v
my hin sng dng cho th nghim xung)
IEC 61083-1, Digital recorders for measurements in high-voltage impulse tests Part 2:
Evaluation of software used for the determination of the parameters of impulse waveforms (B
ghi s dng cho php o trong th nghim xung in p cao Phn 2: nh gi phn mm s
dng cho vic xc nh cc tham s ca xung dng sng)
3. nh ngha
Tiu chun ny p dng cc nh ngha di y. Cc thut ng khc c s dng c ngha
nh ch ra trong TCVN 6306-1 (IEC 60076-1) hoc IEC 60050 (421).
3.1.
in p cao nht dng cho thit b Um c th t ln cun dy my bin p (highest voltage
for equipment Um applicable to a transformer winding)
in p pha-pha hiu dng cao nht trong h thng ba pha m cun dy my bin p c thit
k ph hp vi cch in ca n.
3.2.
Mc cch in danh nh (rated insulation level)
Mt tp hp cc in p chu th c trng cho bn in ca cch in
3.3.
Mc cch in tiu chun (standard insulation level)
Mc cch in danh nh, cc in p chu th tiu chun kt hp vi U m c khuyn co trong
bng 2 v bng 3 ca IEC 60071-1.
3.4.
Cch in ng nht ca cun dy my bin p (uniform insulation of a transformer winding)
Cch in ca cun dy my bin p khi tt c cc u dy ca n c ni n cc u ni c
cng mc cch in danh nh.
3.5.
Cch in khng ng nht ca cun dy my bin p (non-uniform insulation of a
transformer winding)
Cch in ca cun dy my bin p khi c mt u ni trung bnh tnh dng ni t trc tip
hoc gin tip, v c thit k vi mc cch in thp hn mc n nh cho u ni pha.
4. Qui nh chung
Cc yu cu cch in i vi my bin p in lc v cc th nghim cch in tng ng
c chia ra c lin quan n cc cun dy c th v cc u ni ca chng.
i vi my bin p ngm trong du, cc yu cu ny ch p dng cho cch in bn trong. Bt
c yu cu hoc cc th nghim b sung no lin quan n cch in bn ngoi c cho l
cn thit u phi c iu kin tha thun gia nh cung cp v ngi mua, k c cc th
nghim in hnh trn mt kiu kt cu ph hp.
Nu ngi mua d nh u ni my bin p theo cch c th lm gim khe h khng kh to ra
bi chnh my bin p th iu ny phi c ch ra trong bn yu cu.
Khi mt my bin p loi ngm trong du c qui nh vn hnh cao ln hn 1 000m
so vi mc nc bin, khe h khng kh phi c thit k ph hp. Khi c th cn phi

chn s xuyn c thit k vi mc cch in cao hn mc qui nh cho cch in bn trong

ca cun dy my bin p, xem iu 16 ca tiu chun ny v 4.2 ca IEC 60137.
S xuyn phi chu th nghim thng xuyn v th nghim in hnh ring l theo IEC 60137
kim tra cch in pha-t ca chng, cch in bn trong cng nh cch in bn ngoi.
Gi nh rng s xuyn v b iu chnh theo nc c qui nh, thit k v th nghim ph hp
vi cc tiu chun IEC lin quan. Tuy nhin, th nghim cch in trn my bin p hon chnh
c tc dng kim tra vic ng dng v lp t ng cc phn t ny.
Thng thng th nghim cch in phi c thc hin ti xng ch to ca nh cung ng
nhit xp x nhit mi trng nhng t nht l 10 0C.
My bin p phi c lp hon chnh nh khi vn hnh gm c cc thit b gim st. Tuy nhin,
khng nht thit phi lp cc phn t khng lm nh hng n bn in ca cch in bn
trong, v d nh thit b lm mt bn ngoi.
Nu my bin p khng p ng c yu cu th nghim ca n v b h hng mt s xuyn
th cho php tm thi thay s ny bng mt s xuyn khc v tip tc th nghim trn my bin
p n khi hon thnh. Mt trng hp c bit ny sinh i vi cc th nghim cho php o
phng in cc b, l mt s loi s xuyn cao p thng dng gy ra nhng kh khn v mc
phng in cc b ca chng trong cht in mi tng i cao. Khi cc s xuyn ny c
ngi qui nh, cho php thay chng bng s xuyn loi khng c phng in cc b trong qu
trnh th nghim my bin p, xem ph lc A.
My bin p u ni vi hp cp hay u ni trc tip n h thng lp t SF 6 c v bc kim
loi th cn thit sao cho c th u ni tm thi dng th nghim cch in bng cch s
dng cc s xuyn tm thi, nu cn. Bng tha thun, c th thay s xuyn du/SF 6 bng s
xuyn du/khng kh thch hp.
Khi nh cung cp d nh s dng cc phn t phi tuyn hoc cc chng st, lp bn trong hoc
bn ngoi my bin p, hn ch qu in p qu truyn ti, iu ny phi to c ch
cho ngi mua trong n t hng v cn c ch ra s mch i dy trn tm thng s
c trng ca my bin p.
5. in p cao nht dng cho thit b v mc cch in
Mi cun dy ca my bin p, c pha trung tnh v pha ng dy u c n nh mt
gi tr in p thit b cao nht Um, xem 3.1.
Cc qui tc phi hp cch in my bin p c lin quan n qu in p qu c xc nh
mt cch khc nhau ph thuc vo gi tr Um.
Khi cc qui tc v cc th nghim lin quan i vi cc cun dy khc nhau trong my bin p l
tri ngc nhau th qui tc dng cho cun dy c gi tr U m cao nht c p dng cho ton b
my bin p.
Cc qui tc dng cho mt s my bin p c bit c nu trong iu 6.
Gi tr tiu chun ha ca Um c lit k t bng 2 n bng 4. Gi tr s dng cho cun dy
my bin p l gi tr bng hoc ln hn gn nht gi tr danh nh ca cun dy.
CH THCH 1: Cc my bin p mt pha c thit k u sao to thnh t my bin p ba
pha c thit k theo in p danh nh pha-t, v d 400/ 3 kV. Gi tr pha-pha xc nh
vic la chn Um, do vy, trong trng hp ny Um = 420 kV.
CH THCH 2: C th xy ra trng hp mt s in p nc c chn cao hn mt cht so vi
gi tr tiu chun ha Um, nhng h thng m cun dy s c u vo li c in p h thng
cao nht nm trong gi tr tiu chun ny. Yu cu cch in phi ph hp vi iu kin thc t,
v v vy gi tr tiu chun ny phi c chp nhn l Um cho my bin p, m khng phi l gi
tr cao hn gn nht.
CH THCH 3: Trong mt s ng dng vi cc iu kin rt c bit, qui nh cch phi hp
khc ca in p chu th c th phi kim tra. Trong trng hp ny, cn p dng hng dn
chung t IEC 60071-1.

CH THCH 4: Trong mt s ng dng, cc cun dy ni tam gic c ni t qua mt trong s

cc u ni bn ngoi. Trong cc ng dng , c th yu cu in p chu th cao hn in p
cao nht dng cho thit b Um i vi cun dy v phi c tha thun gia nh cung ng v
ngi mua.
in p cao nht dng cho thit b Um v cc in p chu th n nh ca n, tc l, mc cch
in ca thit b, quyt nh c trng in mi ca my bin p. Cc c trng ny c tra
bng mt lot cc th nghim in mi ph thuc vo U m, xem iu 7.
Gi tr ca Um v mc in c n nh cho tng cun dy ca my bin p l mt phn thng
tin cn a ra trong bn yu cu n t hng. Nu c cun dy c cch in khng ng nht,
th vic n nh Um v mc cch in ca u ni trung tnh cng phi c ngi mua qui nh,
xem 7.4.3.
in p chu th danh nh vi tt c cc cun dy phi c trn tm thng s c trng. Cc
nguyn tc k hiu vit tiu chun c ch dn trong mt s v d di y.
Vic phn loi theo thit k cch in phi c lp vi qui trnh th nghim rt ra t cc gi tr
bng 2, 3 v 4 hoc t IEC 60071-1. V trong hu ht cc trng hp cc th nghim AC cm
ng thi gian di l cc th nghim kim tra cht lng lin quan n iu kin vn hnh v
khng phi l th nghim kim tra thit k, nu mc cch ly phi c c trng nh sau:
Um l in p cao nht dng cho thit b
SI/LI/AC,
trong c th p dng -/LI/AC
Cc ch vit tt y v trong cc v d di y c ngha nh sau:
SI l in p chu xung ng ct dng cho u ni pha ca cun dy c U m cao nht;
LI l in p chu xung st dng cho u ni trung tnh v u ni pha ca tng cun dy ring
r;
AC in p chu th AC ngun ring v in p chu th AC cm ng thi gian ngn dng cho
u ni trung tnh v u ni pha ca tng cun dy ring;
h.v. in p cao;
l.v. in p thp;
m.v. in p trung bnh.
V d 1:
Um (h.v.) = 72,5 kV v Um (l.v.) = 12 kV, c hai u c cch in ng nht, ni Y
Mc cch in: u ni pha h.v v trung bnh
u i pha l.v v trung bnh

LI/AC 325/140 kV
LI/AC 60/28 kV

V d 2:
Um (h.v.) pha = 245 kV, ni Y
Um (h.v) trung tnh = 52 kV;
Um (m.v.) pha = 72,5 kV, cch in ng nht, ni Y;
Um (l.v) pha = 24 kV, ni D.
Mc cch in: u ni pha h.v

V d 3:

SI/LI 650/850 kV

trung tnh h.v

LI/AC 250/95 kV

u ni pha v trung tnh m.v

LI/AC 325/140 kV

u ni pha l.v

LI/AC 125/50 kV

My bin p t ngu c Um = 420 kV v 145 kV c Um = 17,5 kV n nh cho trung tnh ni t

trc tip, ni Y. Um (l.v) u ni pha = 24 kV, ni D.
Mc cch in: u ni pha h.v.

SI/LI 1 050/1 300 kV

u ni pha m.v.

LI/AC 550/230 kV

trung tnh h.v./m.v.

LI/AC -/38 kV

u ni pha l.v

LI/AC 125/50 kV

hoc nu c yu cu b sung th nghim cm ng thi gian ngn:

Mc cch in: u ni pha h.v.

SI/LI 1 050/1 300/570 kV

u ni pha m.v.

LI/AC 550/230 kV

trung tnh h.v./m.v.

LI/AC -/38 kV

u ni pha l.v

LI/AC 125/50 kV

6. Qui tc i vi mt s loi my bin p c bit

my bin p c cun dy cch in ng nht c cc gi tr U m khc nhau c ni vi nhau
bn trong my bin p (thng l my bin p t ngu), in p th nghim chu th AC ngun
ring phi c xc nh bng cch in ca trung tnh chung v gi tr n nh U m ca n.
my bin p c mt hoc nhiu cun dy c cch in khng ng nht, in p th nghim
dng cho th nghim in p chu th cm ng v in p dng cho th nghim xung ng ct
nu s dng, c xc nh theo cun dy c gi tr U m cao nht, nhng cc cun dy c gi tr
Um nh hn c th khng nhn c in p th nghim tng ng ca chng. Thng thng
nn chp nhn mu thun ny. Nu t s cc cun dy c th thay i bng cch thay i u ra
th nn s dng a in p th nghim dng cho cun dy c gi tr in p U m thp hn
cng gn n gi tr thch hp cng tt.
Trong qu trnh th nghim xung ng ct, in p sinh ra trn cc cun dy khc nhau l gn
ng theo t s ca vng dy. in p chu xung ng ct danh nh ch c n nh cho cun
dy c Um cao nht. ng sut th nghim trn cc cun dy khc cng t l vi t s ca vng
dy v c iu chnh bng cch chn cc u ra thch hp cng gn vi gi tr n nh
bng 4 cng tt. ng sut th nghim xung ng ct trn cc cun dy khc phi c gii hn
xp x 80 % in p chu c xung st n nh ti cc u ni ny.
Cc cun dy ni tip trong my bin p c iu chnh tng p, my bin p i pha, v.v trong
trng hp in p danh nh ca cun dy ch l mt phn nh ca in p h thng th cc
cun dy ni tip ny phi c gi tr Um tng ng vi in p h thng. Thng khng th th
nghim cc my bin p ny theo ng tiu chun ny m cn c tha thun gia nh cung ng
v khch hng xem c th b qua hay sa i th nghim no.
i vi my bin p mt pha c thit k ni vo hai pha, nh trong trng hp h thng
cung cp in cho tu ha chy in, c th cn s dng gi tr th nghim cao hn gi tr ch ra
trong tiu chun ny.
Ch c bit n u ni th nghim v s lng th nghim cn thc hin trn cc my bin
p c th tho ra ni li nhiu ln phi c tha thun ti thi im t n hng.
7. Yu cu cch in v th nghim in mi Cc qui tc c bn
Cun dy my bin p c nhn bit bng in p cao nht dng cho thit b U m kt hp vi
mc cch in tng ng ca chng. iu 7 cp n cc yu cu cch in lin quan v cc
th nghim in mi c th p dng. i vi cc loi my bin p in lc v cun khng c tiu
chun th cc yu cu ny ch c th p dng cho phn nht nh c vin dn trong cc tiu
chun khc.
7.1. Qui nh chung
Cc qui tc c bn i vi yu cu cch in v th nghim in mi c tm tt trong bng 1.
Cc mc in p chu th tiu chun c nhn bit bng in p cao nht dng cho thit b U m
ca cun dy c nu trong bng 2, 3 v 4. Vic chn la cc mc in p chu th tiu chun

khc nhau trong cc bng ny ph thuc cht ch vo khc nghit ca iu kin qu in p

d kin trong h thng v ph thuc vo mc quan trng ca vic lp t c th. C th xem
hng dn trong IEC 60071-1.
CH THCH 1: mt s nc, my bin p phn phi lp t ngoi thnh hoc nng thn
phi chu qu in p nng n. Trong cc trng hp nh vy, cn c tha thun gia nh cung
ng v ngi mua v in p th nghim cao hn, th nghim xung st v cc th nghim khc
nhau trn cc khi ring. Chng phi c nu r trong ti liu yu cu.
CH THCH 2: S phi hp khc ca Um c th tn ti mt s nc.
Thng tin v yu cu chn cch in ca my bin p v cc th nghim in mi phi c
cung cp cng vi yu cu v n t hng, xem ph lc C.
Cc yu cu cch in c qui nh trong 7.2. Vic kim tra in p chu th nghim in mi
c nu trong 7.3. Cc yu cu cch in v cc th nghim i vi u ni trung tnh ca
cun dy c nu trong 7.4.
Vic m rng th nghim xung st bo trm c cc xung b ct mt sau xung l th nghim
c bit, trong trng hp bin p c ni trc tip ti GIS bng s xuyn du/SF 6 hoc khi
my bin p c bo v bng cc khe h thanh. Gi tr nh ca xung ct mt sau xung phi
cao hn 10 % so vi xung y .
i vi my bin p c cun dy p cao c Um > 72,5 kV, th nghim xung st l th nghim
thng xuyn cho tt c cc cun dy ca my bin p.
Bng 1 Yu cu v th nghim i vi cc loi cun dy khc nhau
Loi cun
dy

in p
cao nht
cng cho
thit b
Um

Th nghim
Xung st
(LI) (xem
iu 13 v
14)

Xung ng
ct (SI)
(Xem iu
15)

AC thi
gian di
(ACLD)
(Xem 12.4)

AC thi
gian ngn
(ACSD)
(xem 12.2
hoc 12.3)

AC ngun
ring (xem
iu 11)

kV
Cch in
ng nht

Um 72,5

in hnh
(Ch thch
1)

Khng p
dng

Khng p
dng (Ch
thch 1)

Thng
xuyn

Thng
xuyn

Cch in
ng nht
v khng
ng nht

72,5 < Um <

170

Thng
xuyn

Khng p
dng

c bit

Thng
xuyn

Thng
xuyn

170 < Um <

300

Thng
xuyn

Thng
xuyn (Ch
thch 2)

Thng
xuyn

c bit
(Ch thch
2)

Thng
xuyn

Um 300

Thng
xuyn

Thng
xuyn

Thng
xuyn

c bit

Thng
xuyn

CH THCH 1: mt s nc, i vi my bin p c Um 72,5, th nghim LI c yu cu l

th nghim thng xuyn, v th nghim ACLD c yu cu l th nghim thng xuyn hoc
th nghim in hnh.
CH THCH 2: Nu th nghim ACSD l qui nh th khng yu cu th nghim SI. iu ny
phi c ch r trong ti liu yu cu.
7.2. Yu cu cch in
Cc yu cu in mi tiu chun l:
- nu c th p dng bng 1 th in p chu xung ng ct tiu chun (SI) dng cho u ni pha
theo bng 4;
- in p chu xung st tiu chun (LI) dng cho u ni pha theo bng 2,3 hoc 4;

- nu c qui nh, in p chu xung tiu chun (LI) dng cho u ni trung tnh; i vi cch in
ng nht, gi tr nh ca in p xung ging nh i vi u ni pha; i vi cch in khng
ng nht, gi tr nh ca in p xung nh qui nh trong 7.4.3;
- in p chu th AC ngun ring tiu chun theo bng 2,3 hoc 4;
- nu c th p dng bng 1, in p chu th AC cm ng thi gian ngn (ACSD) dng cho u
ni pha theo bng 2,3 hoc 4 v 12.2 hoc 12.3
- nu c th p dng bng 1, in p chu th AC cm ng thi gian di (ACLD) c php o
phng in cc b theo 12.4.
Bng 2 in p chu th danh nh cho cun dy my bin p c in p cao nht dng
cho thit b Um 170 kV
Nhm I da trn thc t Chu u
in p cao nht dng in p chu xung st in p chu th AC ngun ring hoc in
cho thit b Um
danh nh
p chu th cm ng thi gian ngn danh
nh
gi tr hiu dng, kV
gi tr nh kV
gi tr hiu dng, kV

CH THCH: ng chm chm biu th c th yu cu b sung th nghim chu th pha-pha

chng minh rng p ng c in p chu th pha-pha yu cu.
Cun dy in p thp c Um 1,1 kV phi c th nghim vi in p chu th AC ngun
ring 3 kV.
7.3. Th nghim in mi
Cc yu cu v in mi tiu chun c kim tra bng cc th nghim in mi. Trong trng
hp c th p dng v khng c tha thun no khc, chng phi c thc hin theo th t
sau y.
- Th nghim xung ng ct (SI) i vi u ni, xem iu 15
Th nghim ny nhm kim tra bn chu xung ng ct ca u ni pha v (cc) cun dy ni
vo u ni vi t v vi cc cun dy khc, bn chu th gia cc pha v dc theo (cc)
cun dy cn th nghim.

Th nghim ny l yu cu cn thit i vi my bin p phi chu th nghim in p chu th

AC cm ng thi gian di (ACLD).
- Th nghim xung st (LI) i vi u ni pha, xem iu 13
Th nghim ny nhm kim tra bn chu xung ca my bin p cn th nghim khi xung
c t vo u ni pha ca my bin p. Nu th nghim xung st bao trm c xung ct
mt sau xung (LIC), th th nghim xung c thay i theo iu 14.
- Th nghim xung st (LI) i vi ni trung tnh, xem 13.3.2
Th nghim ny nhm kim tra in p chu xung ca u ni trung tnh v cun dy ni vo u
ni vi t v vi cc cun dy khc, v dc theo (cc) cun dy cn th nghim.
Th nghim ny c yu cu nu c qui nh in p chu xung tiu chun i vi trung tnh.
- Th nghim in p chu th AC ngun ring (th nghim t in th), xem iu 11.
Th nghim ny nhm kim tra bn chu th AC ca u ni pha v u ni trung tnh v
cun dy ni vo u ni vi t v vi cc cun dy khc.
- Th nghim in p chu th AC cm ng thi gian ngn (ACSD), xem 12.2 v 12.3
Th nghim ny nhm kim tra bn chu th AC ca u ni pha v (cc) cun dy ni vo
u ni vi t v cc cun dy khc, bn chu th gia cc pha v dc theo cun dy cn
th nghim.
Th nghim phi c thc hin theo 12.2 i vi cch in ng nht v 12.3 i vi cch in
khng ng nht.
i vi Um > 75,5 kV, th nghim c thc hin bnh thng vi php o phng in cc b
kim tra s vn hnh khng phng in cc b ca my bin p trong cc iu kin thao tc.
Bng tha thun gia nh cung cp v ngi mua, php o phng in cc b c th c thc
hin i vi Um 72,5 kV.
- Th nghim in p AC cm ng thi gian di (ACLD), xem 12.4
Th nghim ny khng phi l th nghim kim tra thit k m l th nghim kim tra cht
lng, v bao trm c ng sut qu in p tm thi v ng sut vn hnh lin tc. Th
nghim ny kim tra hot ng khng phng in cc b ca my bin p trong cc iu kin
thao tc.
Bng 3 in p chu th danh nh i vi cun dy my bin p c in p cao nht
dng cho thit b Um 169 kV
Nhm 2 da trn thc t Bc M
in p cao nht
dng cho thit b
Um
gi tr hiu dng kV

in p chu th xung st danh

nh
gi nh, kV

in p chu th AC ngun ring

hoc in p chu th cm ng thi
gian ngn danh nh
gi tr hiu dng, kV

My bin p phn My bin p cp II My bin p cp I My bin p cp II

phi (ch thch 1)
(ch thch 3)
v my bin p
v my bin p
phn phi
cp I (ch thch 2)

CH THCH 1: My bin p phn phi truyn ti in nng t mch phn phi s cp sang mch
phn phi th cp.
CH THCH 2: My bin p in lc cp I k c cun dy in p cao c U m 72,5 kV.
CH THCH 3: My bin p in lc II k c cun dy in p cao c U m 121 kV.
Bng 4 in p chu th danh nh i vi cun dy my bin p c Um > 170 kV.
in p cao nht dng
cho thit b Um

in p danh nh
ng ct pha-t

gi tr hiu dng kV

gi tr nh, kV

in p chu th xung in p chu th AC

st danh nh
ngun ring hoc in
p chu th cm ng
gi tr nh, kV
thi gian ngn danh
nh
gi tr hiu dng, kV

CH THCH 1: ng chm chm khng c in IEC 60071-1 nhng ang hin hnh mt
s nc.
CH THCH 2: i vi my bin p cch in ng nht c mc cch in AC danh nh cc
thp, c th phi dng bin php c bit thc hin th nghim AC cm ng thi gian ngn,
xem 12.2
CH THCH 3: Khng p dng, tr khi c tha thun khc.
CH THCH 4: i vi cc in p trong ct cui, in p th nghim cao hn c th c yu
cu chng minh rng p ng c in p chu th pha-pha yu cu. iu ny c hiu lc
i vi mc cch in thp hn c n nh cho cc Um khc nhau trong bng.
7.4. Yu cu v cch in v cc th nghim i vi u ni trung tnh ca cun dy
7.4.1 Qui nh chung
Mc cch in cn thit ph thuc vo vic u ni trung tnh c thit k ni t trc tip,
khng ni t hoc ni t qua mt tr khng. Nu u ni trung tnh khng c ni t trc
tip phi lp mt thit b bo v qu in p gia u ni trung tnh v t gii hn in p
qu .
CH THCH: Cc khuyn co di y lin quan n xc nh in p chu th ti thiu cn
thit i vi u ni trung tnh. Vic tng gi ny i khi c th d dng sp xp v c th nng
cao kh nng lp ln ca my bin p trong h thng. i vi cch in khng ng nht c th
cn thit k cun dy c mc cch in trung tnh cao hn v phi s dng u ni th nghim
dng cho th nghim chu th AC ca my bin p, xem 12.3.
7.4.2 u ni trung tnh ni t trc tip
u ni trung tnh phi c ni c nh vi t, trc tip hoc qua my bin dng, nhng khng
d kin lp thm tr khng no vo mi ni ny.
Trong trng hp , in p chu th AC ngun ring phi t nht l 38 kV ( Chu u) hoc 34
kV ( Bc M).
Khng cn th nghim xung trn u ni trung tnh. Trong qu trnh th nghim xung trn u
ni pha, trung tnh phi c ni trc tip vi t.
7.4.3 u ni trung tnh khng ni t trc tip
u ni trung tnh khng cn ni c nh vo ni trc tip vi t. N c th vi t pha mt tr
khng ng k (v d nh qua cun dp h quang). u ni trung tnh ca cun dy pha ring
bit c th c ni vi my bin p iu chnh.
Trch nhim ca ngi mua l chn thit b bo v qu in p, xc nh mc bo v xung ca
n, v qui nh in p chu xung tng ng i vi u ni trung tnh ca my bin p. n nh
Um thch hp i vi trung tnh v phi chn t bng 2,3 hoc 4, v p dng in p chu th AC
ngun ring danh nh tng ng t bng . in p chu th AC phi ln hn qu in p ln
nht sinh ra trong iu kin s c h thng.
in p chu xung danh nh ca u ni trung tnh phi c kim tra bng mt trong hai th
nghim m t 13.3.2. Khng p dng th nghim xung sng ct trn trung tnh. i vi my
bin p c cun dy c nc iu chnh gn u trung tnh ca cun dy, nu khng c tha thun
khc gia ngi mua v nh cung cp th phi chn cch u ni nc iu chnh vi t s vng
dy ln nht cho th nghim xung.
8. Th nghim trn my bin p c cun dy c nc iu chnh
Nu di iu chnh in p l 5 % hoc nh hn, cc th nghim, in mi phi c thc
hin vi my bin p c ni vi nc iu chnh chnh.
Nu di iu chnh ln hn 5 %, vic la chn nc iu chnh khng th qui nh chung v
phi p dng nh di y:
Cc iu kin th nghim xc nh vic chn nc iu chnh yu cu i vi th nghim AC cm
ng v i vi th nghim xung ng ct (SI), xem iu 6.

Trong th nghim xung st (LI), cc ng sut in mi c phn b khc nhau ph thuc vo

u ni nc iu chnh in p v thit k chung ca my bin p. Nu khng c tha thun v
th nghim xung mt nc iu chnh c th th s dng hai nc iu chnh bin v nc iu
chnh chnh, mt nc iu chnh cho tng pha ring r ca my bin p ba pha hoc cho ba my
bin p mt pha c thit k to thnh t my ba pha. i vi th nghim xung trn u ni
trung tnh, xem 7.4.3.
9. Th nghim in mi lp li
i vi my bin p c vn hnh v c sa cha hoc bo hnh, th nghim in
mi theo iu 7.2, 7.3 v 7.4 phi c lp li mc th nghim bng 80 % gi tr ban u, nu
khng c tha thun no khc v vi iu kin l cch in bn trong khng c thay i. Th
nghim AC cm ng thi gian di (ACLD) theo 12.4 phi lun c lp li 100 % mc th
nghim.
CH THCH: Tiu ch phng in cc b cn c tha thun gia ngi mua v nh cung cp
ph thuc vo mc sa cha.
Lp li cc th nghim c yu cu chng t rng cc my bin p cha qua s dng,
c th nghim trong xng theo 7.2, 7.3 v 7.4, vn p ng c cc yu cu ca tiu
chun ny lun vn hnh 100 % mc th nghim.
10. Cch in ca h thng i dy ph tr
Nu khng c qui nh no khc, h thng i dy dng cho mch in ph tr v mch iu
khin phi chu trong 1 min th nghim AC ngun ring vi gi tr hiu dng 2 kV vi t. ng
c v cc thit b khc dng cho thit b ph tr phi p ng cc yu cu cch in theo tiu
chun IEC lin quan (ni chung cc yu cu ny thp hn gi tr qui nh ring cho dy in v v
th i khi cn tho chng ra th cc mch in).
CH THCH: Thit b ph tr ca cc my bin p ln thng c tho d chuyn ch. Sau
khi hon thnh lp t ti hin trng nn th nghim bng megomt 1 000 V. Mi thit b in
t c in p chu th nh hn 1 000 V cn c tho ra trc khi tin hnh th nghim ny.
11. Th nghim in p chu th AC ngun ring
Th nghim in p chu th AC ngun ring phi c thc hin vi in p xoay chiu mt
pha gn dng sng sin cng tt v tn s khng nh hn 80 % tn s danh nh.
Phi o gi tr in p nh. Gi tr nh chia cho

2 phi bng gi tr th nghim.

Th nghim phi c bt u in p khng ln hn 1/3 gi tr th nghim qui nh, ri tng

nhanh n gi tr th nghim. Cui th nghim, in p phi c gim nhanh xung thp hn
1/3 gi tr th nghim trc khi ct in. cun dy c cch in khng ng nht, th nghim
c thc hin vi in p th nghim qui nh cho u ni trung tnh. Sau u ni pha phi
chu c th nghim in p chu th AC cm ng theo 12.3 hoc 12.4.
in p th nghim ton b phi c t trong 60 s, mt cc t ln tt c cc u ni ca
cun dy cn th nghim c ni vi nhau v cc kia ln tt c cc u ni ca cc cun dy
cn li, li, khung v thng hoc v ca my bin p ni vi nhau v ni vi t.
Th nghim l t yu cu nu khng xy ra st in p th nghim.
12. Th nghim in p AC cm ng (ACSD, ACLD)
12.1. Qui nh chung
Cc iu 12.2 v 12.3 cp n cc th nghim chu th AC cm ng thi gian ngn (ACSD)
i vi cch in ng nht v cch in khng ng nht. i vi U m > 72,5 kV, th nghim
ACSD c thc hin bnh thng vi php o phng in cc b. Php o phng in cc b
trong ton b qu trnh th nghim l cng c quan trng i vi nh cung cp cng nh i vi
ngi mua. o phng in cc b trong qu trnh th nghim c th pht hin khng cch
in trc khi xut hin phng in nh thng. Th nghim ny kim tra hot ng khng
phng in cc b ca my bin p trong cc iu kin vn hnh.
Cc yu cu i vi php o phng in cc b trong qu trnh th nghim ACSD c th b qua.
iu ny phi ch r trong bn yu cu v n t hng.

iu 12.4 cp n th nghim in p AC cm ng thi gian di (ACLD) i vi cch in

ng nht v khng ng nht. Th nghim ny thng c thc hin vi php o phng in
cc b trong ton b qu trnh th nghim.
t in p xoay chiu ln cc u ni ca mt cun dy my bin p. Dng sng ca in p
phi cng gn hnh sin cng tt v tn s cao so vi tn s danh nh trng dng in t
ha qu mc trong khi th nghim.
Phi o gi tr nh ca in p th nghim cm ng. Gi tr nh chia cho
th nghim.

2 phi bng gi tr

Nu khng c qui nh no khc, thi gian th nghim ton b in p th nghim phi l 60 s

i vi tt c tn s th nghim v bng hai ln tn s danh nh. Khi tn s th nghim vt
qu hai ln tn s danh nh th thi gian th nghim bng giy phi l:
120 x , nhng khng nh hn 15 s
12.2. Th nghim in p chu th AC cm ng thi gian ngn (ACSD) i vi my bin p
c cc cun dy in p cao cch in ng nht.
Tt c cc my bin p ba pha phi c th nghim vi ngun cung cp ba pha i xng. Nu
my bin p c trung tnh th trung tnh ny phi c ni t khi th nghim. my bin p c
cc cun dy cch in ng nht, ch cn thc hin cc th nghim pha-pha. Cc th nghim
pha-t c cp trong th nghim AC ngun ring theo iu 11.
Ty thuc vo in p cao nht dng cho thit b Um th nghim phi c thc hin theo 12.2.1
hoc 12.2.2.
12.2.1 My bin p c Um 72,5 kV
in p th nghim pha-pha khng vt qu in p chu th AC cm ng danh nh trong bng
2 hoc bng 3. V nguyn tc, in p th nghim t ln cun dy my bin p khng c iu
chnh in p phi cng gn vi hai ln in p danh nh cng tt. Thng thng, khng thc
hin php o phng in cc b trong th nghim ny.
Th nghim phi bt u in p khng ln hn 1/3 gi tr th nghim, ri tng nhanh n gi
tr th nghim. Cui th nghim, in p phi c gim nhanh xung nh hn 1/3 gi tr th
nghim trc khi ngt in.
Th nghim l t yu cu nu khng xy ra st in p th nghim.
12.2.2 My bin p c Um > 72,5 kV
Nu khng c tha thun khc, tt c cc my bin p ny phi c th nghim vi php o
phng in cc b. in p th nghim pha-pha khng c vt qu in p chu th AC danh
nh bng 2, 3 hoc 4. V nguyn tc, in p th nghim t ln cun dy my bin p khng
c iu chnh in p phi cng gn vi hai ln in p danh nh cng tt.
Tnh nng phng in cc b phi c khng ch theo trnh t thi gian t in p nh ch ra
trong hnh 1.
khng vt qu in p chu th danh nh gia cc pha theo bng 2, 3 v 4, mc nh gi
phng in cc b U2 phi l:
1,3 Um /

3 pha-t v

1,3 Um pha-pha
Ph lc D, bng D.1 ch ra in p th nghim U 1, c c t bng 2 hoc bng 4 v gi tr
tng ng ca U2.
in p lin quan n t phi:
- c ng mc khng cao hn 1/3 U2;
- tng n 1,1 Um /

3 v gi mc trong 5 min;

- tng n U2 v gi mc trong 5 min;

- tng n U1, gi mc trong thi gian th nghim c ch ra 12.1;

- ngay sau thi gian th nghim, gim khng c gin on n U 2 v gi trong khong t
nht 5 min o phng in cc b;
- gim n 1,1 Um /

3 v gi mc trong 5 min;

- gim n gi tr thp hn 1/3 U2 trc khi ct in.

A = 5 min
B = 5 min
C = thi gian th nghim
D 5 min
E = 5 min
Hnh 1 Trnh t thi gian t in p th nghim c lin quan n t
Qu trnh tng in p ln mt mc v gim t U2 xung, phi ghi li cc in p khi bt u
phng in cc b v in p khi ht phng in cc b.
Mc n nn khng c qu 100 pC.
CH THCH: Mc n nn nn nh hn ng k so vi 100 pC m bo rng bt c s bt
u v kt thc phng in cc b no u c th c nhn ra v c ghi li. Gi tr 100 pC
cp trn ti 1,1 Um / 3 l c th chp nhn c cho th nghim ny.
Th nghim l t yu cu nu:
- khng xy ra st in p th nghim;
- mc lin tc ca in tch biu kin ti U2 trong 5 min th hai khng vt qu 300 pC trong tt
c cc u ni o;
- phng in cc b khng cho thy c khuynh hng tng ln u n;
- mc lin tc ca in tch biu kin khng qu 100 pC ti 1,1 U m /

3.

Nu khng p ng c tiu ch phng in cc b th phi thng nht gia ngi mua v nh

cung cp c cc xem xt tip theo (ph lc A). Trong trng hp ny, c th thc hin th
nghim in p AC cm ng thi gian di (xem 12.4). Nu my bin p p ng c cc yu
cu ca 12.4, th nghim c xem l t yu cu.
12.3. Th nghim in p chu th AC thi gian ngn (ACSD) i vi my bin p c cun
dy in p cao cch in khng ng nht.
i vi my bin p ba pha, yu cu hai lot th nghim sau, c th l:

a) Th nghim pha-t i vi in p th nghim danh nh gia pha v t theo bng 2, 3

hoc 4 vi php o phng in cc b.
b) Th nghim pha-pha c trung tnh ni t v c in p chu th nghim gia cc pha theo
cc bng 2, 3 hoc 4 vi php o phng in cc b. Th nghim phi c thc hin theo
12.2.2.
my bip p mt pha, ch yu cu th nghim pha-t. Th nghim ny thng c thc
hin vi u ni trung bnh ni t. Nu t s gia cc cun dy c thay i bng nc iu
chnh th t s ny c dng tha mn ng thi cc iu kin in p th nghim trn cc
cun dy khc nhau trong phm vi c th. Trong trng hp ngoi l, xem iu 6, in p ni
trung tnh c th c tng bng cch ni vi my bin p tng p ph. Trong trng hp ny,
trung tnh phi c cch ly thch hp.
Qui trnh th ngim i vi my bin p ba pha gm ba ln t in p th nghim mt pha, mi
ln ni t ti mt im khc nhau ca cun dy. Cch u ni th nghim nn s dng trnh
qu in p qu mc gia cc u ni pha c th hin trn hnh 2. Cng c th c cc
phng php khc.
Ni chung, cc cun dy ring bit khc phi c ni t ti trung tnh nu chng c ni sao
v ni t ti mt trong cc u ni nu chng c ni tam gic.
in p trn mi vng dy trong th nghim c gi tr khc nhau ph thuc vo cch u ni th
nghim. Vic la chn cch u ni th nghim thch hp xc nh bi c tnh ca my bin p
lin quan n iu kin lm vic hoc cc gii hn ca thit b th nghim. Thi gian th nghim
v trnh t thi gian t in p th nghim phi nh m t 12.1 v 12.2.2.
nh gi qu trnh phng in cc b, trong khi th nghim pha-pha, cc php o phi thc
hin U2 = 1,3 Um.
CH THCH: Gi tr U2 = 1,3 Um c hiu lc n Um = 550 kV vi gi tr th nghim AC ln hn
510 kV. i vi Um = 420 kV v 550 kV vi gi tr th nghim AC l 460 kV hoc 510 kV, mc
nh gi phng in cc b nn gim n U2 = 1,2 Um khng vt qu in p chu th AC
bng 4.
i vi ba th nghim mt pha cho cch in pha-t, U 1 l in p th nghim theo bng 2, 3
hoc 4 v U2 = 1,5 Um / 3 . Cc v d c nu trong bng D.2.
CH THCH 1: Trong trng hp my bin p c cch b tr cun dy phc tp, ton b cch
in u ni ca tt c cc cun dy trong khi th nghim nn c xem xt gia nh cung cp
v ngi mua giai on hp ng, th nghim c th phn nh ng nht s kt hp cc
ng sut trong vn hnh thc t.
CH THCH 2: Mt th nghim chu th AC cm ng b sung vi in p ba pha i xng sinh
ra ng sut cao hn gia cc pha. Nu th nghim ny c qui nh, khe h khng kh gia
cc pha phi c iu chnh thch hp v qui nh trong giai on hp ng.
CH THCH 3: Php, php o phng in cc b trong th nghim AC thi gian ngn trn
cun dy in p cao cch in khng ng nht khng c chp nhn.
Th nghim t yu cu nu khng xy ra st in p th nghim v nu php o phng in
cc b p ng yu cu trong 12.2.2 cng vi thay i sau:
Mc lin tc ca in tch biu kin ti U2 trong thi gian 5 min th hai khng c vt qu
500 pC trn tt c cc u ni o i vi cc th nghim mt pha ti U 2 = 1,5 Um / 3 pha-t,
hoc 300 pC i vi th nghim pha-pha ti U = 1,3 Um hoc nu c th c yu cu gi tr
kt hp xoay chiu cc thp ti 1,2 Um.

K hiu
1 my bin p tng p ph
U l in p th nghim AC pha-t nh ch ra bng 2, 3 hoc 4
Hnh 2 Cch u ni th nghim in p chu th AC cm ng mt pha (ACSD) trn
my bin p c cch in khng ng nht
Cch ni a) c th c s dng khi trung tnh c thit k chu t nht l 1/3 in p U. Ba
cch ni my pht khc nhau i vi cun dy in p thp cng c th hin. Ch c th chn
a1) nu my bin p c ng t tr v khng qun dy (dng v hoc dng li nm tr).
Cch ni b) c th v nn s dng cho my bin p pha c ng t tr v khng qun dy i
vi t thng trong tr th nghim. Nu c cun dy ni tam gic th n phi c tch ra trong
qu trnh th nghim.
Cch ni c) th hin mt my bin p tng p ph to ra in p lch U t ti u ni trung tnh ca
my bin p t ngu cn th nghim. in p danh nh ca hai cun dy ni t ngu l U r1 v
Ur2 cn in p th nghim tng ng l U, Ux. Cch ni ny c th cng c s dng i vi
my bin p khng c ng t tr v khng qun dy c cch in trung tnh c thit k
thp hn 1/3 in p U.
12.4. Th nghim in p AC cm ng thi gian di (ACLD) c cc cun dy in p cao
cch in ng nht v/hoc khng ng nht, theo bng 1
My bin p ba pha phi c th nghim tng pha mt theo cch u ni mt pha to ra cc
in p trn cc u ni pha hnh 3, hoc theo cch u ni ba pha i xng. Cch u ni th
hai yu cu c cc ch c bit, xem ch thch 1 di y.
My bin p ba pha c cp ngun t pha cun dy in p thp, cun dy in p cao ni
tam gic c th nhn in p th nghim thch hp nh m t di y ch trong th nghim ba
pha c cun dy in p cao t la. V cc in p lin quan n t trong th nghim ny ph
thuc hon ton vo in dung pha-t v cc cun dy khc, nn th nghim ny khng nn
thc hin vi Um 245 kV trong bng 1. Bt c phng in b mt no t mt trong cc u ni
pha xung t c th dn n s c nghim trng cho hai pha khc do in p cao t ngt. i
vi my bin p loi ny, u ni mt pha theo hnh 3 l thch hp, p dng ln lt cho c ba
pha ca my bin p ba pha.

Th nghim ln lt pha ca cc cun dy ni tam gic ngha l th nghim kp ca tng u

ni pha v cun dy ni vo . V th nghim l th nghim kim tra cht lng khng phi l
th nghim kim tra thit k nn th nghim c th lp li i vi u ni pha m khng lm
hng cch in.
u ni trung tnh, nu c, ca cun dy cn th nghim phi c ni t. i vi cc cun
dy ring bit khc, nu chng c ni sao cho phi ni t trung tnh, v nu chng c
ni tam gic th phi ni t ti mt trong cc u ni hoc ni t qua trung tnh ca ngun in
p cung cp. Cun dy c nc iu chnh phi c ni nc iu chnh chnh, nu khng c
tha thun khc.
B tr th nghim (ba pha hoc mt pha) phi c tha thun gia nh cung cp v ngi mua
khi hp ng.
CH THCH 1: Nu my bin p ba pha ni sao c th nghim theo cch ni ba pha, in p
th nghim ca cc pha l cao hn theo cch ni mt pha. iu ny c th nh hng n thit
k cch in pha-pha v s i hi khe h khng kh bn ngoi rng hn.
CH THCH 2: Nu my bin p ba pha ni tam gic c th nghim theo cch ni mt pha,
in p th nghim gia cc pha cao hn cch ni ba pha. iu ny c th nh hng n thit
k cch in pha-pha.

Ni Y

Ni D

Hnh 3 Th nghim ln lt tng pha trn my bin p ba pha ni sao hoc ni tam gic
in p phi:
- c ng mc khng cao hn 1/3 U2;
- tng n 1,1 Um /

3 v gi mc trong 5 min;

- tng n U2 v gi mc trong 5 min;

- tng n U1, gi mc trong thi gian th nghim c ch ra 12.1;
- ngay sau thi gian th nghim, gim khng c gin on n U 2 v gi trong khong t
nht 60 min khi Um 300 kV hoc 30 min i vi Um < 300 kV o phng in cc b;
- gim n 1,1 Um /

3 v gi mc trong 5 min;

- gim n gi tr di 1/3 U2 trc khi ct in.

Khong thi gian th nghim, ngoi tr i vi mc tng U 1, khng c ph thuc vo tn s
th nghim.

A = 5 min
B = 5 min
C = thi gian th nghim
D = 60 min i vi Um 300 kV hoc 30 min i vi Um < 300 kV
E = 5 min
Hnh 4 Trnh t thi gian t in p th nghim i vi php th AC cm ng thi gian
di (ACLD)
Trong ton b qu trnh t in p th nghim, phng in cc b phi c gim st.
in p ni t phi l:
U1 = 1,7 Um /

U2 = 1,5 Um /

CH THCH: i vi cc iu kin li in m my bin p phi t trong iu kin qu in p

nng n, gi tr i vi U1 v U2 ln lt c th l 1,8 Um / 3 v 1,6 Um / 3 . Yu cu ny phi
ch r trong bn yu cu. Mc n nn khng vt qu 100 pC.
CH THCH: Mc n nn cn nh hn ng k so vi 100 pC m bo rng bt c s bt
u v kt thc phng in cc b no u c th c nhn ra v c ghi li. Gi tr 100 pC
cp trn y ti 1,1 Um / 3 l c th chp nhn c cho th nghim ny.
Phng in cc b phi c quan st v nh gi nh di y. Cc thng tin khc c th ly
t ph lc A, ph lc ny ph hp vi IEC 60270.
- Cc php o phi c thc hin ti cc u ni pha ca tt c cc cun dy cch in khng
ng nht, iu ngha l cc u ni pha in p cao hn v thp hn ca cp cun dy ni
t ngu s c o ng thi.
- Knh o t mi u ni s dng phi c hiu chun vi cc xung cp gia u ni v t,
v vic hiu chun ny dng nh gi cc gi tr c c trong th nghim. o in tch
biu kin ti u ni c th ca my bin p, bng cch s dng hiu chun thch hp phi cn
c vo cc xung lp n nh cao nht. Cn b qua chp sng do mc phng in cc b cao i
khi c th xy ra. Phng in lin tc vo bt c khong thi gian no xy ra ti thi gian ngh
bt thng c th chp nhn n 500 pC, vi iu kin l khng c xu hng tng u n.
- Trc v sau khi t in p th nghim, mc n nn phi c ghi li trn tt c cc knh o.
- Trong khi tng in p ln n mc U2 v li gim t U2 xung, cn ghi li cc in p khi u
v in p tt c th xy ra. Phng in cc b phi o ti 1,1 U m / 3 .
- Phi ly v ghi gi tr c trong thi gian u ti in p U 2. Khng qui nh gi tr in tch biu
kin trong thi gian ny.

- Khng n nh gi tr in tch biu kin trong khi t U 1.

- Trong ton b giai on hai ti in p U 2, mc phng in cc b phi c theo di lin tc
v phi ghi li gi tr c sau mi 5 min.
Th nghim l t yu cu nu:
- khng xy ra st in p;
- mc phng in cc b lin tc khng vt qu 500 pC trong qu trnh th nghim thi gian
di ti U2;
- phng in cc b cho thy khng kh c xu hng tng lin tc ti U 2. Cn b qua cc chp
sng mnh do bn cht khng duy tr i khi c th xy ra;
CH THCH: Thc t Bc M gii hn s thay i cho php trong th nghim n 150 pC
nhn bit s c bn trong c th xy ra.
- mc in tch biu kin lin tc khng vt qu 100 pC ti 1,1 U m /

3.

Chng no khng xut hin phng in nh thng v nu khng c phng in cc b rt cao

duy tr trong thi gian di th th nghim c xem nh khng ph hy. V vy nu khng p
ng c cc ch tiu phng in cc b chp nhn c th khng loi b ngay lp tc, m cn
c tha thun gia nh cung cp v ngi mua v vic xem xt thm. Gi cc th tc ny
c nu ph lc A.
Cc kh khn lin quan n cc s xuyn trong khi th nghim, xem thm iu 4.
13. Th nghim xung st (LI)
13.1. Qui nh chung
Khi c yu cu, th nghim xung st (LI) ch phi thc hin trn cc cun dy c cc u ni
c a ra ngoi qua v hoc thng my bin p.
Cc nh ngha chung v cc thut ng lin quan n th nghim xung, cc yu cu i vi
mch in th nghim, cc th nghim tnh nng v kim tra thng xuyn trn cc thit b o
c chp nhn c nu trong IEC 60060-1. Cc thng tin khc c nu trong IEC 60076-4.
i vi my bin p loi ngm trong du, in p th nghim thng c cc tnh m v nh vy
s gim c nguy c xy ra phng in b mt bn ngoi tht thng trong mch th nghim.
C th loi b khe h phng in ca s xuyn hoc tng khong cch ca khe h ngn
nga phng in b mt trong qu trnh th nghim.
Khi c cc phn t phi tuyn hoc b chia sng xung lp bn trong hay bn ngoi my bin p
hn ch qu in p qu truyn n, quy trnh th nghim xung phi c tha thun
trc i vi tng trng hp c th. Nu c cc phn t ny xut hin trong th nghim th
vic nh gi bo co th nghim c th khc so vi th nghim xung thng thng (xem 13.5).
Bng chnh bn cht ca n, cc thit b bo v phi tuyn ni trn cc cun dy c th gy nn
s khc nhau gia biu dao ng xung ton sng v xung ton sng suy gim. chng t
rng cc khc bit ny thc s xy ra do hot ng ca cc thit b trn th phi biu th bng
cch thc hin hai hoc nhiu th nghim xung ton sng suy gim ti mc in p khc nhau
chng t xu hng hot ng ca chng. th hin tnh thun nghch ca cc hiu ng phi
tuyn, cc xung ton sng suy gim cng loi phi theo sau in p th nghim ton sng theo
cch ngc li.
V d: 60 %, 80 %, 100 %, 80 %, 60 %.
Xung th nghim phi l xung st tiu chun ton sng: 1,2 s 30 %/50 s 20 %.
Tuy nhin, c nhng trng hp khng c c mt cch hp l hnh dng mu chun ca
xung, do in cm cun dy thp hoc do in dung vi t cao. Hnh dng xung lc thng
dao ng. Trong trng hp ny, c th cho php dung sai ln hn s tha thun gia nh cung
cp vi ngi mua. Xem IEC 60076-4.
C th x l vn hnh dng xung bng cc phng php ni t khc trong khi th nghim,
xem 13.3.

Mch to xung v cch u ni thit b o cn gi khng i khi hiu chun v th nghim in

p ton sng.
CH THCH: Cc thng tin nu trong IEC 60076-4 lin quan n nh gi dng sng da trn
my hin sng, cc qui tc k thut v nh gi bng mt ca tham s dng sng. Cng vi vic
t b ghi k thut s theo IEC 61083-1 v IEC 61083-2 trong th nghim xung in p cao ca
my bin p in lc, cn a ra cnh bo r rng v bin v cc tham s thi gian lin quan
n nh gi cc dng sng phi tiu chun.
Trong thc t, khi th nghim cun dy in p thp danh nh cng sut cao dn n hin
tng nh xung n cc c tn s nh hn 0,5 MHz th khng th p dng IEC 61083-2
nh gi bin ca dng sng phi tiu chun ny. Cc sai s vt qu 10 % quan st c do
thut ton san bng ng cong ghp lin trong b s ha.
Trong cc trng hp ny, cn phi nh gi cn thn cc mng d liu cha c iu chnh
s dng phn on k thut. Php o song song in p nh bng vnmt nh theo IEC 60790
l rt nn lm.
13.2. Quy trnh th nghim
Quy trnh th nghim bao gm t xung in p 50 % n 75 % ca in p th nghim ton
sng v t ba xung lin tip in p ton sng. Nu trong khi t mt trong cc ny m c
phng in b mt bn ngoi theo mch in hoc qua mt khe h phng in ca s xuyn
hoc nu khng ghi c biu dao ng trn bt k knh do qui nh no th t xung
khng c tnh v phi lm li ln na.
CH THCH: C th s dng thm c bin khng ln hn 50 %, nhng khng nht thit phi
ghi vo bo co th nghim.
13.3. u ni th nghim
13.3.1 u ni th nghim trong th nghim cc u ni pha
Th t th nghim xung l t ln lt vo tng u ni pha ca cun dy th nghim. Trong
trng hp ny bin p ba pha, cc u ni pha khc ca cun dy phi c ni t trc tip
hoc qua mt tr khng nh, khng vt qu tr khng tng t ngt ca pha c ni.
Nu cun dy c u ni trung tnh, trung tnh ny phi c ni t trc tip hoc qua mt tr
khng nh nh sun o dng in. V my phi c ni t.
Trong trng hp my bin p c cun dy ring bit, cc u ni ca cun dy khng trong th
nghim cng c ni t trc tip hoc qua cc tr khng, sao cho trong mi tnh hung in
p xut hin ti cc u ni l gii hn mc khng qu 75 % in p chu xung st danh nh
ca chng i vi cun dy ni sao, v 50 % i vi cun dy ni tam gic.
Trong trng hp my bin p t ngu, khi th nghim u ni pha ca cun dy in p cao,
c th xy ra trng hp khng c c dng sng tiu chun mt cch hp l nu u ni pha
ca cun dy chung c ni t trc tip hoc qua mt sun o dng in. Cng xy ra tng
t khi th nghim cc u ni t cc ni pha khng th nghim qua cc in tr khng qu 400
. Hn na, in p xut hin u ni pha khng th nghim n t khng c qu 75 %
in p chu xung st danh nh ca chng i vi cun dy ni sao v 50 % i vi cun dy
ni tam gic.
Khi cc cun dy th nghim xung c tr khng thp, c th kh khn t c dng xung
ng trn cc u ni th nghim. Trong trng hp ny c th chp nhn dung sai ln hn,
xem 13.1. Cng c th n gin vn ny bng cch ni t cc u ni khng trong th
nghim ca pha th nghim qua cc in tr. Gi tr in tr phi c chn in p trn cc
u ni l gii hn mc khng qu 75 % ca in p chu xung st danh nh i vi cun dy
ni sao v 50 % i vi cun dy ni tam gic.
Mt cch lm khc l s dng phng php truyn xung st, nu c tha thun khi hp ng,
xem 13.3.3.
Nhng trng hp ngoi l khc vi qui trnh ny c nu 13.3.2 v 13.3.3.
13.3.3.2 Th nghim xung trn u ni trung tnh

Khi u ni trung tnh ca cun dy c in p xung danh nh, c th kim tra n bng th
nghim nh sau:
a) bng cch t gin tip:
Cc xung th nghim c t n bt k mt u ni pha no hoc t vo tt c ba u ni
pha ca cun dy ba pha c ni vi nhau. u ni trung tnh c ni t qua mt tr khng
hoc h, v bin in p hnh thnh qua tr khng ny hoc n t phi bng in p
chu th danh nh ca u ni trung tnh khi xung st tiu chun c t n u ni pha.
Khng a ra quyt nh i vi dng xung nhn c qua tr khng. Bin ca xung t vo
u ni pha tuy khng c qui nh nhng khng c vt qu 75 % in p chu xung st
danh nh ca u ni pha.
b) bng cch t trc tip:
t trc tip cc xung th nghim tng ng vi in p chu th danh nh ca trung tnh lin
trung tnh vi tt c cc u ni pha c ni t. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ny, cho php
mt khong thi gian di hn ln n 13 s.
13.3.3 Phng php truyn xung st trn cun dy in p thp
Khi cun dy in p thp khng th chu c qu in p do st t h thng in p thp,
theo tha thun gia nh cung cp v ngi mua, cun dy ny c th phi chu th nghim
xung bng mt xung st truyn t pha cun dy in p cao.
Phng php ny cng cn c u tin khi thit k theo cch xung c t trc tip ln cun
dy in p thp c th dn n ng sut phi thc t ca cc cun dy in p cao hn, c th
l khi t cun dy c nc iu chnh ln lin k vi cun dy in p thp.
Cng vi p dng phng php truyn xung st th cc th nghim i vi cun dy in p
thp c thc hin bng cch t cc xung ln cun dy in p cao hn lin k. Cc u ni
pha ca cun dy in p thp c ni t qua cc in tr c gi tr sao cho bin ca in
p xung truyn gia u khng vt q in p chu c xung danh nh. Bin ca cc xung
t khng c vt qu mc xung ca cun dy m chng c t vo.
Chi tit v qui trnh phi c tha thun trc khi th nghim.
13.3 Bo co th nghim
Bo co dng biu hoc dng bn ghi k thut s c ghi hiu chun v th nghim phi
ch ra r rng dng xung in p t (thi gian u, thi gian ti na gi tr v bin ).
t nht phi s dng hai knh o. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, mt biu dao ng ca dng
in chy t cun dy th nghim n t (dng in trung tnh) hoc dng r din dung, v d
nh dng in truyn n cun dy ni tt v khng tham gia th nghim s i din cho
nhy ln nht pht hin s c. Dng in chy t v my n t, hoc in p truyn trong
cun dy khng trong th nghim l cc v d ca i lng la chn thch hp o. Phng
php pht hin c chn phi c tha thun gia nh cung cp v ngi mua.
Cc ch dn khc v pht hin s c, khong thi gian c bn thch hp, v.v c nu trong
IEC 60076-4.
13.5 Tiu ch th nghim
Vic khng c cc sai khc ng k gia in p qu v dng in qu c ghi li in
p gim thp v kt qu ghi li ton b in p th nghim l bng chng chng t rng cch
in chu c th nghim ny.
Vic gii trnh chi tit ca bo co th nghim dng biu hoc dng s v s phn bit cc
nhiu so vi bo co s c thc t i hi phi c k nng v kinh nghim. Cc thng tin khc
c nu IEC 60076-4.
Nu c nghi ng i vi phn gii trnh v s mu thun c th xy ra gia cc bo co dng
biu hoc bo co dng s th phi t ba xung lin tip in p y hoc lp li ton b
th nghim xung i vi cc u ni. Th nghim c xem l t yu cu nu quan st thy sai
lch khng tng thm.

Cc quan st khc trong khi th nghim (hiu ng m thanh bt thng, v.v) c th c dng
khng nh vic gii trnh bo co dng biu hoc dng s, nhng t chng khng to
thnh bng chng.
Bt c s khc bit v dng sng gia ton sng suy gim v ton sng cui cng c pht
hin bng cch so snh hai dao ng dng in c th nhn bit c sai li hoc s trch do
cc nguyn nhn khng c hi. Chng phi c kim tra v phi c gii thch y bng
th nghim gim sng v ton sng mi. Cc v d v nguyn nhn c th xy ra cc dng sng
khc nhau l hot ng ca cc thit b bo v, bo ha li st, hoc cc iu kin trong mch
th nghim ngoi my bin p.
14. Th nghim xung st b ct ui sng (LIC)
14.1. Qui nh chung
Th nghim ny l mt th nghim c bit v c dng cho cc ng dng c bit trn cc
u ni pha ca cun dy. Khi tha thun tin hnh th nghim ny, n phi c kt hp vi
th nghim xung st ton sng theo cch di y. Gi tr nh ca xung ct bng 1,1 ln bin
ca xung ton sng.
Thng thng, s dng cng mt ch t cho my pht xung v thit b o v ch cn b
sung thm thit b khe h ct. Xung st ct tiu chun phi c thi gian ct t 2 s n 6 s.
Thi gian gc khc nhau c th c dng ghi li xung st b ct ui sng.
14.2. Khe h ct v cc c tnh ct
Nn s dng mt khe h ct kiu trig c thi gian iu chnh c, tuy nhin vn c php
s dng khe h thanh-thanh n gin. Mch ct c b tr sao cho s ln o chiu sang cc
tnh ngc li ca xung ghi c s c gii hn mc khng ln hn 30 % bin ca xung
ct; vic thm mt tr khng Z trong mch ct thng l cn thit duy tr gii hn ny.
14.3. Qui trnh th nghim v cc tiu ch th nghim
Nh nu trn, th nghim c kt hp vi th nghim xung ton sng theo mt trt t
duy nht. Nn t cc xung theo trnh t nh sau:
- mt xung ton sng mc gim nh;
- mt xung ton sng mc y ;
- mt hoc nhiu xung ct mc gim nh;
- hai xung ct mc y ;
- hai xung mc ton sng y .
Qui nh knh o cng loi v bo co dng biu hoc dng s nh i vi th nghim xung
ton sng.
V nguyn tc, vic pht hin cc s c trong th nghim xung ct ph thuc ch yu vo vic
so snh cc bo co dng biu hoc dng s ca xung ct mc y hoc gim nh. Bn
ghi dng in trung tnh (hoc bt c bn ghi b sung no) th hin s xp chng ca cc hin
tng qu do phn u sng ca xung gc v phn ct. Do , phi tnh n cc thay i c
th xy ra, d rt nh, ca vic tr thi gian ct. Phn sau ca dng dao ng khi b thay i,
v hiu ng ny kh tch ring khi bn ghi s c. Tuy vy, cn chng t s thay i ca tn s
sau khi ct.
Cc bn ghi cc th nghim xung ton sng lin tip mc y l tiu ch b sung ca s c,
nhng bn thn chng khng phi l tiu ch v cht lng ca th nghim xung ct.
15. Th nghim xung ng ct (SI)
15.1. Qui nh chung
nh ngha chung ca cc thut ng lin quan n cc th nghim xung, cc yu cu v mch
th nghim, cc th nghim tnh nng v kim tra nh k trn cc thit b o c chp nhn,
c th xem trong IEC 60060-1. Cc thng tin khc nu trong IEC 60076-4.

Cc xung c t trc tip t ngun in p xung quanh n u ni pha ca cun dy trong

th nghim, hoc n cun dy in p thp in p th nghim c truyn bng cm ng
n cun dy ang th nghim. in p th nghim qui nh phi xut hin gia pha v t. u
ni trung tnh phi c ni t. my bin p ba pha, in p hnh thnh gia cc u ni pha
trong qu trnh th nghim phi xp x 1,5 ln in p gia u ni pha v u ni trung tnh,
xem 15.3.
in p th nghim thng c cc tnh m gim nguy him phng in b mt ngoi trong
mch th nghim.
in p hnh thnh trn cc cun dy khc nhau ca my bin p t l xp x vi t s vng dy
v in p th nghim c xc nh bng cun dy c gi tr U m cao nht, xem iu 6.
Xung in p phi c thi gian u sng v gi nh t nht l 100 s, thi gian m bin cao
hn 90 % bin qui nh t nht l 200 s v tng thi gian t im gc gi nh n khi qua
im khng u tin t nht l 500 s nhng gi tr thch hp l 1 000 s.
CH THCH: Hnh dng sng xung khc bit c mc ch so vi dng sng chun 250/ 2 500 s
c khuyn co trong IEC 60060-1, v IEC 60060-1 c hiu lc i vi thit b c mch t
khng bo ha.
Thi gian u sng phi c nh cung cp chn sao cho in p phn b dc theo cun dy
ang th nghim v c bn l tuyn tnh. Gi tr ca n thng l ln hn 100 s nhng nh
hn 250 s. Trong khi th nghim, mt t thng ng k c hnh thnh trong mch t. in
p xung c th gi c cho n thi im li t ti bo ha v tng tr t ca my bin p
gim mnh.
C th tng thi gian xung cc i bng cch a vo t d cc tnh ngc li trc mi
xung th nghim in p ton sng. iu ny thc hin c bng cc xung in p thp hn
c cng hnh dng nhng ngc cc tnh. Xem IEC 60076-4.
Gi chn v tr nc iu chnh c nu trong iu 6.
15.2. Qui trnh th nghim v bo co
Qui trnh th nghim phi gm mt xung (xung hiu chun) c in p t 50 % n 70 % in p
th nghim ton sng v ba xung lin tip in p ton sng. Nu khng ghi c th dao
ng th ln xem nh khng k v lm li ln khc. Bo co dng th hoc dng s phi c
c t nht dng sng xung trn u ni pha ang th nghim v dng in trung tnh tt nht.
CH THCH: V nh hng ca bo ha t trong thi gian t xung, nn biu dao ng lin
tip l khc nhau v bn ghi th nghim mc y v gim nh khng nh nhau. hn ch
nh hng ny, sau mi xung th nghim cng mt mc th nghim, i hi c cc xung kh
t ti mc gim ca cc tnh ngc.
15.3. u ni th nghim
Trong khi th nghim, my bin p phi l iu kin khng ti. Cc cun dy khng s dng
cho th nghim phi ni t c nh ti mt im nhng khng c ni tt. i vi my bin p
mt pha, u ni trung tnh ca cun dy th nghim phi c ni cng vi t.
Cun dy ba pha phi c th nghim tng pha mt vi u ni trung tnh ni t v my bin
p c ni sao cho in p c cc tnh ngc v c khong mt na bin xut hin trn hai
u ni pha cn li c th ni vi nhau.
hn ch in p c cc tnh ngc n khong 50 % mc t, cn ni vi in tr lm nht
c in tr cao (10 n 20 ) vi t cc u ni pha khng th nghim.
Cc khe h phng in ca s xuyn v cc bin php b sung hn ch qu in p c x
l nh qui nh v th nghim xung st, xem 13.1,
15.4. Tiu ch th nghim
Th nghim l t yu cu nu khng c st in p t ngt hoc gin on dng in trung
tnh c ch ra bo co dng biu hoc dng s.

Cc quan st b sung trong khi th nghim (hiu ng m thanh bt thng, v.v) c th c

dng cng c bo co dng biu , nhng t chng khng th l bng chng c.
16. Khong cch ly bn ngoi trong khng kh
16.1. Qui nh chung
Khe h khng kh c hiu l khong cch m tnh in khng b xo trn bi thn cch in.
Tiu chun ny khng cp n cc yu cu v khong cch phng in hiu lc hoc chiu
di ng r dc theo ci cch in, cng khng xem st n nguy him do chim chc v cc
ng vt khc.
Khi thit lp cc yu cu ca tiu chun hin hnh trong di in p cao hn, tha nhn rng
cc u ca s xuyn thng c dng in cc ln trn.
Cc yu cu v khe h khng kh l c hiu lc gia cc in cc ln trn ny. Gi thit rng
cc kp dy cng vi cc in cc c bc i cng c to hnh thch hp sao cho chng khng
lm gim in p phng in b mt. Cng gi thit rng s b tr cc dy dn i vo khng lm
gim khe h khng kh hu dng do bn thn my bin p to ra.
CH THCH: Nu ngi mua c nh thc hin vic u ni theo cch ring c th lm gim
khe h khng kh hu dng, iu ny phi c cp trong bn yu cu.
Ni chung, qui nh cc khe h khng kh cho thch hp l kh khn v mt k thut, ch yu vi
in p li cao,c bit i vi cc my c nh, hoc khng gian lp t b hn ch. Nguyn
tc trong tiu chun ny nhm a ra cc khe h khng kh ti thiu v khng ti hn c th
tha mn cc iu kin khc nhau ca li in v iu kin kh hu m khng dn ti nhng
cuc tho lun khc nhau hoc chng minh b sung. Cc khe h khng kh khc da trn thc
t c t trc hoc hin hnh phi c tha thun gia nh cung cp v ngi mua.
Khe h khng kh khuyn co y da vo gi tr in p chu th danh nh ca cch in
bn trong ca my bin p, nu khng c qui nh khc trong bn yu cu v n t hng. Khi
khe h khng kh ca my bin p bng hoc ln hn cc gi tr qui nh trong tiu chun ny v
cc s xuyn c cc thng s k thut c chn chnh xc theo IEC 60137, th cch in bn
ngoi ca my bin p phi c xem l ph hp m khng cn th nghim thm.
CH THCH 2: Tha nhn rng mt s nc, khe h khng kh c th khc nhau nu ch da
trn in p chu th AC v LI.
CH THCH 3: Nu khe h khng kh nh hn khe h nu on trn c s dng hp
ng, th c th yu cu mt th nghim in hnh m phng khe h khng kh thc, hoc th
trn chnh my bin p. Qui trnh th nghim khuyn co cho cc trng hp ny phi c nu
ra.
Nu my bin p c qui nh vn hnh cao trn 1 000 m so vi mc nc bin, khe
h khng kh yu cu phi tng ln 1 % cho mi 100 m cao trn 1 000 m.
Cc yu cu v khe h khng kh c cho di y:
- khe h khng kh pha-t v pha trung tnh;
- khe h khng kh pha-pha gia cc pha ca cng cun dy;
- khe h khng kh gia u ni pha ca cun dy in p v u ni pha ca cun dy in p
thp hn.
T cc iu trn suy ngh rng cc gi tr khuyn co l cc gi tr ti thiu c hiu qu. Khe h
khng kh thit k phi c ghi r trn bn v tng th. l cc gi tr danh nh vi dung sai
chun v ch to v cc gi tr ny phi c la chn sao cho khe h khng kh thc t nht l
bng cc gi tr qui nh.
Cc thng tin ny dng chng minh rng my bin p l ph hp vi khuyn co ca tiu
chun ny, hoc vi cc gi tr sa i c th c tha thun trong hp ng c th.
16.2. Yu cu v khe h khng kh ca cc s xuyn c xc nh bng cc in p chu
th cch in my bin p
Cc yu cu c trnh by nh m t di y, ph thuc vo gi tr in p U m ca cun dy.

16.2.1 Um 170 kV
Cng khong cch nh nhau phi c p dng cho cc khe h khng kh pha-t, pha-trung
tnh, pha-pha, v n cc u ni ca cun dy in p thp hn.
Khe h khng kh ti thiu khuyn co c cho trong cc bng 5 v 6, c lin quan n in p
chu th nghim xung st, kh vi xung dng, ba xung, vi in p th nghim theo bng 5
hoc bng 6 tng ng.
CH THCH: Nh th hin trong bng 2, mt s gi tr xung st thp c th c qui nh theo
IEC 60071-1. Phi tin hnh kim tra xem iu kin ny c yu cu khe h khng kh pha-pha
rng hn khng.
16.2.2 Um > 170 kV
i vi thit b c Um > 170 kV trong trng hp c qui nh th nghim xung st th khe h th
nghim khng kh khuyn co nu trong bng 7.
Gi thit rng cc yu cu i vi cch in bn ngoi l nh nhau bt k vic thc hin th
nghim in p chu th AC thi gian ngn theo cc gi tr nu trong bng 4.
Cch in bn trong c kim tra bng th nghim xung ng ct c in p th nghim, v
xp x 1,5 ln in p th nghim gia cc pha trn my bin p ba pha, xem IEC 60071-1.
i vi cch in bn ngoi, in p chu th pha-pha c xc nh theo cch khc. Mt qui
trnh th nghim thch hp bao gm cc xung c cc tnh dng dng cho cu hnh pha-t, v
cc xung c cc tnh ngc dng cho khe h khng kh pha-pha, xem 16.2.2.3. iu ny
c xem xt trong phm vi cc khe h khng kh cho trong bng 7.
16.2.2.1 Khe h khng kh pha-t, pha-trung tnh, v pha-pha gia cc pha ca cng
cun dy
Khe h khng kh t nh s xuyn cao cp n t (thng, bnh du ph, thit b lm mt, kt
cu trm, v.v) hoc n u ni trung tnh c xc nh t ct 4 ca bng 7.
Khe h khng kh gia cc m ca s xuyn ca cc pha khc nhau c xc nh t ct 5 ca
bng 7.
16.2.2.2 Khe h khng kh gia cc u ni ca cc cun dy khc nhau
Khe h khng kh gia cc u ni ca cc cun dy khc nhau ca my bin p phi c
kim tra i vi c hai iu kin xung st v xung ng ct.
Yu cu chu xung ng ct da trn chnh lch in p tnh ton, in p ny xut hin gia hai
u ni, xem iu 15. Chnh lch in p ny xc nh khe h khng kh yu cu c lin quan
n iu kin xung ng ct. Hnh 6 c dng tm ra khe h khng kh khuyn co nu cc
u ni nhn cc in p c cc tnh ngc v t s gia cc in p xut hin l 2 hoc nh
hn. Trong trng hp khc, p dng hnh 5.
CH THCH: Nu so snh hnh 5 v hnh 6 th thy rng khe h khng kh pha-pha chu chnh
lch in p ln hn so vi cng mt khong cch cu hnh pha-t. Nguyn nhn l do cu
hnh pha-pha hai u ni c gi nh c cc tnh ngc v gradien in mi cc i bt k
u ni no (c xc nh ch yu vo in p vi t) l tng i nh. Cng gi nh l cc
in cc c dng ln trn.
Tuy nhin, khe h khng kh cng phi tha thun yu cu chu xung st. Vi gi nh trc l
u ni ca cun dy in p thp hn l c in th t khi t in p chu xung st ln u
ni cao p. Yu cu khe h khng kh trong ct 6 ca bng 7 v hnh 7 tng ng vi in p
xung st danh nh ny, do cn tha mn gia hai u ni. Khe h khng kh ln hn trong s
hai khe h khng kh ny.
Th nghim xung ng ct vi my bin p ba pha s gy ra cc in p cm ng gia cc pha
ca cun dy khc c ni sao. Cn phi kim tra xem iu kin ny c i hi khe h khng
kh pha-pha ln hn khe h khng kh c qui nh i vi cun dy ny nh trong 16.2.1 hay
khng.
16.2.2.3 Qui trnh th nghim in hnh

Nu phi thc hin mt th nghim in hnh trn khe h khng kh gim th qui trnh th nghim
phi nh sau:
Mt th nghim trn cu hnh pha-t (hoc pha-pha trung tnh, hoc hng n mt u ni
ca cun dy in p thp hn) phi bao gm th nghim xung ng ct, kh, c cc tnh
dng trn u ni pha ca cun dy (cun dy c in p cao hn). in cc kia phi c ni
t. Nu u ni th nghim ca cun dy ba pha, cc u ni pha khc cng phi ni t.
CH THCH: Th nghim ny ni chung khng th thc hin trn my bin p ba pha hon
chnh v nh vy c th phi tin hnh trn m hnh m phng cu hnh thc ca my bin p.
Cc th nghim trn khe h khng kh pha-pha ca mt my bin p ba pha phi bao gm cc
th nghim xung ng ct, kh, vi mt na in p th nghim qui nh, dng, trn mt u
ni pha, na khc, m, trn u ni pha kia, v u ni pha th ba ni t.
Kt hp cc in p th nghim pha-t, pha-pha c lp li trong bng 7.
Khi cc pha ngoi c t i xng i vi pha gia, ch cn lm hai th nghm ring bit, mt
th nghim vi cc tnh dng trn pha gia, pha ngoi c cc tnh m v mt th nghim vi
cc tnh dng trn pha ngoi, pha gia c cc tnh m. Nu trung tnh ng dy c b tr
khng i xng th c th cn thc hin ba th nghim tr ln.
Mi th nghim phi bao gm 15 ln t in p xung c dng sng 250/2 500 s ph hp vi
IEC 60060-2.
CH THCH: Qui trnh th nghim i vi cc khe h khng kh pha-pha bn ngoi, khc
nhiu im vi qui trnh th nghim xung ng ct qui nh i vi cc in bn trong ca my
bin p trong iu 14. Hai qui trnh th nghim khng thay th cho nhau.
Bng 5 Khe h khng kh ti thiu khuyn co pha-t, pha-pha, pha-trung tnh v n
cc cun dy in p thp hn t cc b phn mang in ca s xuyn my bin p in
lc c cun dy vi in p cao nht dng cho thit b Um 170 kV
Nhm I da trn thc t Chu u
in p cao nht dng cho
thit b Um
gi tr hiu dng, kV

in p chu xung st

Khe h khng kh

danh nh

ti thiu

gi tr nh, kV

mm

Bng 6 Khe h khng kh ti thiu khuyn co pha-t, pha-pha, pha-trung tnh v n

cc cun dy in p thp hn t cc b phn mang in ca cc s xuyn ca my bin
p in lc c cun dy vi in p cao nht dng cho thit b Um 169 kV
Nhm II da trn thc t Bc M
in p cao nht dng cho
thit b Um

in p chu xung st danh

nh

gi tr hiu dng, kV

gi tr nh, kV

Khe h khng kh ti thiu

mm

CH THCH: Ch a ra gi tr i vi my bin p phn phi

Bng 7 Khe h khng kh ti thiu khuyn co pha-t, pha-pha, pha-trung tnh v n
cc cun dy in p thp hn t cc b phn mang in ca s xuyn my bin p in
lc c cun dy vi in p cao nht dng cho thit b U m > 170 kV
in p cao nht
dng cho thit b Um
gi tr hiu dng, kV

in p chu xung
ng ct danh nh

in p chu xung
st danh nh

gi tr nh, kV

gi tr nh, kV

Khe h khng kh ti
thiu
Phat

Phapha

mm

mm

(Ch
thch
1)

(Ch
thch
1)

n
cc
cun
dy
khc
mm
(Ch
thch 2)
1 250

1 250

1 450
1 450

1 500

1 800
1 600

1 900

2 250
1 750

2 300

2 650

2 700

3 100

1 950
2 200

1 950
2 300

2 650
2 200

2 700

3 100
2 400

3 100

3 500
2 650

3 700

4 200
2 850

4 400

5 000
3 100

4 400

5 000
3 300

5 000

5 800
3 600

5 800

6 700
3 800

CH THCH 1: Da trn in p xung ng ct.

CH THCH 2: Da trn in p xung st, xem thm 16.2.2.
CH THCH 3: Khe h khng kh c th khc nhau nu ch da trn in p chu th LI v AC.
CH THCH 4: Cc ng chm chm khng ph hp vi IEC 60071-1 nhng hin hnh mt
s nc.

Hnh 5 Khe h khng kh pha-t da trn in p chu xung ng ct danh nh

Hnh 6 Khe h khng kh pha-pha da trn in p chu xung ng ct xut hin gia
cc pha

Hnh 7 Khe h khng kh da trn in p chu xung st

Ph lc A
(tham kho)
Hng dn p dng cc php o phng in cc b trong th nghim in p chu th
AC cm ng trn cc my bin p theo 12.2, 12.3 v 12.4
A.1. Gii thiu
Phng in cc b (p.d) l phng in ch ni tt mt phn cch in gia cc vt dn. my
bin p, phng in cc b nh vy gy nn s thay i qu ca in p n t ti mi u
ni bn ngoi ca cun dy.
Cc tr khng o c ni chc gia thng my ni t v cc u ni, thng qua u ni s
xuyn hoc qua cp t ni ring r, nh trnh by trong iu A.2.
in tch thc t c truyn n ni phng in cc b khng th o trc tip c. Php o
hot ng phng in cc b ph hp cho my bin p in lc l xc nh in tch biu kin q
nh c nh ngha trong IEC 60270.
in tch biu kin q lin quan n tt c cc u o c xc nh bng cch tiu chun thch
hp xem iu A.2.
Phng in cc b c th to ra cc gi tr khc nhau ca in tch biu kin ti cc u ni khc
nhau ca my bin p. Vic so snh nhng ch bo c thu thp ng thi ti cc u ni khc
nhau c th a ra thng tin v v tr ca ngun phng in cc b trong my bin p, xem iu
A.5.
Qui trnh th nghim chp nhn qui nh trong 12.2, 12.3 v 12.4 yu cu phi o in tch biu
kin ti cc u ni pha ca cun dy.
A.2. u ni mch o v mch hiu chun - Qui trnh hiu chun

Thit b o c ni ti cc u ni bng cp ng trc phi hp. Tr khng o dng n gin

nht ca n l tr khng phi hp ca cp, c th l tr khng u vo thit b o.
ci thin t s hiu/mc n ca h thng o hon chnh, cch thch hp l s dng iu
hng, cc my bin p xung v cc b khuch i gia cc u ni ca i tng th nghim
v cp.
Mch o phi c in tr khng i thch hp, khi c quan st t cc u ni ca i tng
th nghim trong ton b di tn c s dng cho php o phng in cc b.
Trong khi o phng in cc b gia u ni pha ca cun dy v thng my ni t, cch b tr
thch hp l lp tr khng o Zm mt cch hiu qu gia gi tr ca u phn in dung kiu t
in trong s xuyn v mt bch ni t, xem hnh A.1. Nu khng c u phn in dung th c
th cch in mt bch s xuyn thng my v s dng n nh l u ni o. in dung tng
ng gia dy dn gia, u ni o v t hot ng nh mt b suy gim i vi tn hiu
phng in cc b. Tuy nhin, vn ny c gii quyt bng vic hiu chun thc hin gia
u ni trn cng ca s xuyn v t.

Hnh A.1 Mch hiu chun i vi php o phng in cc b khi c gi tr ca u phn

in dung kiu t in ca s xuyn
Nu phi thc hin php o u ni mang in khng c sn u phn in dung kiu t in
s xuyn (hoc mt bch cch in) th s dng phng php t in ghp cao p. T in ny
phi khng c phng in cc b v gi tr in dung C ca n phi ln so vi in dung my
pht hiu chun C0. Tr khng o (vi khe h bo v) c ni gia u ni in p thp ca t
in v t, xem hnh A.2.
Vic hiu chun h thng o hon chnh c thc hin bng cch bm cc in tch bit vo
gia cc u ni tiu chun. Theo IEC 60270, my pht hiu chun gm my pht xung in p
bc thang vi thi gian ngn v mt t ni tip nh c in dung bit C 0. Thi gian tng phi
khng qu 0,1 s v C0 phi nm trong di t 50 pF n 100 pF. Khi my pht c ni gia hai
u ni hiu chun c in dung ln hn C0 rt nhiu th din tch t my pht xung bm vo
phi l: q0 = U0 x C0
Trong : U0 l bc in p (thng 2 V n 50 V)
My pht xung hiu chun nn c tn s lp li vo c mt xung trong mi na chu k ca tn s
cng nghip c s dng trong th nghim my bin p.

Hnh A.2 Mch o phng in cc b s dng t in ghp cao p

Nu cc u ni hiu chun cch xa nhau th c nguy c l in dung r t cc dy ni c th
gy ra sai s. Mt phng php c th p dng hiu chun gia t v u ni khc c ch
ra hnh A.1.
Sau , t in C0 c t vo u ni cao p v cp ng trc vi in tr ph hp c s
dng t my pht in p bc.
Nu khng c u ni hiu chun no c ni t th in dung t bn thn my pht xung
cng l ngun gy sai s. My pht tt nht l hot ng bng ngun acqui v nn c kch thc
nh.
A.3. Dng c o, di tn
c tnh ca dng c phi nh qui nh trong IEC 60270.
Theo di th nghim bng my ghi dao ng ni chung l hu ch, c bit v n to ra kh nng
phn bit gia phng in cc b thc trong my bin p v cc dng nht nh ca nhiu bn
ngoi. iu ny da trn tn sut lp li, v tr trn sng, cc khc bit v cc tnh, v.v
Cc ch s phi c quan st lin tc hoc ngt qung nhiu ln trong sut thi gian th
nghim. Khng bt buc ghi lin tc bng my ghi dao ng hoc ghi bng.
H thng o phng in cc b c chia thnh h thng bng hp hoc bng rng. H thng
bng hp hot ng vi bng l khong 10 kHz hoc nh hn ti tn s iu hng nht nh
(v d, cc dng c o nhiu tn s radio). H thng bng rng s dng mt t s tng i ln
gia gii hn di v gii hn trn ca bng tn, v d t 50 kHz n 150 kHz, hoc thm ch 50
kHz n 400 kHz.
Bng cch s dng h thng bng kp, c th trnh c nhiu t cc trm pht thanh a
phng bng cch iu chnh hp tn s gia bng nhng phi kim tra ch ra rng cng
hng nhiu n php o. Dng c o bng hp cn c lm vic tn s khng qu 500
kHz, v tt nht l nh hn 300 kHz. C hai l do cho iu kin ny. Mt l, s truyn xung
phng in s dn n suy gim mnh cc thnh phn c tn s cao hn, hai l, khi t xung
hiu chun vo u ni pha, xung ny c nhiu kh nng s kch thch cc dao ng cc b
gn u ni, v iu ny s lm phc tp cho vic hiu chnh khi s dng tn s gia bng tn
ln hn 500 kHz.
H thng o bng rng t kh khn hn, xt v suy gim v p ng i vi cc dng xung
khc nhau d tip nhn nhiu cc v tr th nghim khng c mn chn in t. Cc b lc loi
tr bng tn c th c dng chng li cc b truyn sng radio. C th nhn dng ngun
phng in cc b bng cch so snh hnh dng v cc tnh ca tng xung ring bit.
CH THCH: Dng c o bng rng ngy nay khc rt nhiu v cc ch nh gi ca chng
v cc c tnh ca b lc bn trong. Cng vi ch truyn xung phc tp t trong cc cun

dy v di tn suy gim ca cc p ng, tng dng c o s c gi tr c ca in tch biu

kin khc nhau cho d qui trnh hiu chun c thit lp tt. Bn mi nht ca IEC 60270 a
ra vn ny nhng khng tiu chun ha dng c o bng rng. Vn ny khng tn ti i
vi cc dng c o bng hp vi nh gi lp li xung ca TCVN 6989-1 (CISPR 16-1).
A.4. Tiu ch th nghim Qui trnh sau th nghim khng t
Cc tiu ch chp nhn c nu cui 12.2, 12.3, 12.4. Mc phng in cc b trng thi n
nh th hin bng in tch biu kin o c gia cc u ni do qui nh, khng c qu
gii hn qui nh, v khng c c xu hng tng ng k trong ton b thi gian th nghim.
Nu khng c st p, nhng th nghim khng t v l do gi tr c ca phng in cc b
vt qu nhng vn va phi (trong vng mt vi nghn pic culng hoc t hn), th nghim
c xem l khng ph hy. Ch tiu quan trng khc l phng in cc b khng duy tr trong
hoc di mc in p lm vic, khi tc ng mc th nghim.
i tng th nghim s khng b loi b ngay lp tc vi mt kt qu nh vy m c xem
xt k hn.
Mi trng th nghim phi c kim tra trc tin tm ra mi du hiu r rng ca ngun
phng in cc b khng c lin quan. Sau , cn phi tham kho kin gia nh cung cp v
ngi mua tha thun cc th nghim b sung hoc hnh ng khc chng t hoc c
phng in cc b nghim trng hoc my bin p p ng c iu kin vn hnh.
Di y l mt s gi c th c ch trong qu trnh thc hin trn.
Kho st xem cc ch c o c thc c quan h vi qui trnh th nghim hay ch l s trng hp
ngu nhin ca cc ngun khng lin quan. Vic ny nhiu khi s d dng hn nu theo di th
nghim bng my ghi dao ng, chng hn nh nhiu c th c nhn ra bi khng ng b
vi in p th nghim.
Kho st xem phng in cc b c th truyn t ngun cung cp hay khng. B lc thng thp
trn cc dy dn ngun n my bin p cn th nghim c th gip ch trong cc trng hp
ny.
Kho st xc nh xem ngun phng in cc b nm trong hay ngoi my bin p (phng ra
t cc vt trong phng c in th tri ni, t cc phn mang in trong khng kh hoc t cc
g nhn cc phn ni t ca my bin p). V th nghim lin quan n cch in bn trong,
c php v nn t mn chn tnh in tm thi bn ngoi.
Kho st v tr c th ca (cc) ngun theo s mch in ca my bin p. C mt vi
phng php bit v xut bn. Mt phng php da trn c s tng quan gia cc ch
s v tr s chun cc cp u ni khc nhau (ngoi cc s ghi bt buc gia cc u ni pha
v t). Phng php ny c m t trong iu A.5. Cng c th nhn dng cc dng xung
khc nhau trong qu trnh th nghim vi dng sng chun tng ng, nu s dng cc gi tr
ghi t mch bng rng. Trng hp c bit l nhn bit s phng in cc b trong in mi
ca s xuyn phn in dung, xem phn cui iu A.5.
Kho st bng cch d m thanh hoc siu m v tr a l ca (cc) ngun hoc cc ngun bn
trong thng my.
Xc nh bn cht vt l c th c ca ngun da vo cc kt lun rt ra t s thay i theo cp
in p th nghim, hiu ng tr, dng xung dc theo sng in p th nghim, v.v.
Phng in cc b trong h thng cch in c th gy ra do sy hoc tm du cha . V vy,
c th x l my bin p hoc cho my tm ngh v sau lp li qui trnh th nghim.
Mt iu r rng l s chu ng trong thi gian ngn phng in cc b tng i cao c th
dn ti phn hy du cc b v tm thi lm gim in p dp tt v in p phc hi nhng cc
iu kin ban u c th t phc hi trong mt vi gi.
Nu cc ch s o phng in cc b vt trn gii hn chp nhn nhng khng c xem l rt
ln, th c th tha thun lp li th nghim c th vi thi gian ko di hn, v thm ch tng
mc in p. Nu mc phng in cc b thay i tng i nh theo s tng in p v khng
tng thi gian, c th chp nhn l bng chng cho thy bin p thch hp cho vn hnh.

Thng khng c nhng vt phng in cc b nhn thy c sau khi m thng, tr khi my
bin p phi chu trong thi gian ng k cc mc in p rt cao so vi gii hn chp nhn.
y c th l qui trnh cui cng nu cc bin php khc nhau nhm ci thin c tnh my bin
p hoc nhn bit ngun l khng t yu cu.
A.5. Xc nh v tr cc ngun phng in cc b bng cch o nhiu u ni v so
snh profin
Ngun phng in cc b bt k s a ra cc tn hiu tt c cp u o tip cn c ca
my bin p v dng ca cc tn hiu l du tay duy nht. Nu xung hiu chun c a ra
vo cc cp u o hiu chun khc nhau th xung ny cng s a ra cc t hp c trng ca
cc tn hiu cc cp o.
iu ny c ngha l c th rt ra kt lun v v tr in ca ngun phng in cc b trong s
mch in ca my bin p. V tr vt l l mt khi nim khc; mt ngun phng in cc b
c nh v v mt in trong vng ln cn ca mt u ni c th c th c nh v v mt vt
l bt k ni no dc theo cc dy dn ni vi u ni ny hoc u dy tng ng ca kt
cu cun dy. V tr vt l ca ngun phng in cc b thng c xc nh bng k thut nh
v m thanh.
Qui trnh t c so snh profin nh di y:
Trong khi my pht chun c ni vi cp u ni chun c th, phi quan st cc ch s ti tt
c cc cp u ni o. Sau , qui trnh ny c lp li i vi cc cp u ni chun khc.
Hiu chun c thc hin u ni cun dy vi t, nhng cng c th p dng gia cc u
ni mang in ca cc s xuyn cao p v cc u phn in dung (m phng phng in cc
b trong in mi ca s xuyn), gia u ni in p cao v u ni trung tnh, v gia cc u
ni cun dy in p cao v in p thp.
Tt c cc t hp ca cc cp o v hiu chun to thnh mt ma trn hiu chun dng
tham kho khi gii thch cc s ghi trong th nghim thc t.
V d, hnh A.3 ch ra my bin p t ngu mt pha siu cao p c cun dy th ba in p thp.
Hiu chun v th nghim c thc hin c lin quan n cc u ni nh ch ra trong bng.
Dng c kt qu 1,5 Um c so snh vi cc chun khc, v d dng nhn thy, trong trng
hp ny, n tng ng nht vi chun u ni 2.1 t. iu ny gi rng c cc phng
in cc b vi in tch biu kin vo c 1 500 pC ti u ni 2.1, v c th t cc phn mang
in ti t. V tr vt l c th bt k ch no dc theo dy gia cun dy ni tip v cun dy
chung, hoc u cun dy lin k.
Phng php m t trn t kt qu ch yu trong cc trng hp khi mt ngun phng in
cc b r rt chim u th v mc n nn thp. Tuy nhin, chc chn khng phi trng hp
no cng vy.
Mt trng hp c bit ng quan tm l xc nh xem phng in cc b quan st c c th
bt ngun t in mi s xuyn cao p. iu ny c kho st bng hiu chun gia u ni
pha ca s xuyn v u phn cp in dung s xuyn. Vic hiu chun ny a ra mi tng
quan cht ch nht vi profin ca phng in cc b trong s xuyn.
Knh

1.1

chun

2.1

2.2

3.1

n v tng i

1.1 t 2 000
pC

50

20

10

2.1 t 2 000
pC

50

30

2.2 t 2 000
pC

10

350

3.1 t 2 000
pC

35

25

Th nghim

U=0

< 0,5

< 0,5

< 0,5

< 0,5

U = Um

< 0,5

< 0,5

< 0,5

0,5

U = 1,5 Um

40

25

CH THCH: tng hiu qu, c u ni 2.2 v 3.2

phi c x l nh u ni chun v u o, c bit
khi c s xuyn phn in dung.

Hnh A.3 Xc nh v tr ca ngun phng in cc b bng cch o nhiu u ni v

so snh profin
Ph lc B
(tham kho)
Qu in p truyn t cun dy in p cao sang cun dy in p thp
B.1. Qui nh chung
Vn qu in p truyn c xem xt t quan im h thng trong ph lc A ca IEC 600712. Cc thng tin nu di y ch cp n cc vn lin quan n bn thn my bin p
trong iu kin vn hnh c th. Qu in p truyn c xem xt hoc l cc xung qu hoc
l qu in p.
CH THCH: Trch nhim ca ngi mua l xc nh ti ca cun dy in p thp. Nu ngi
mua khng a ra thng tin, nh cung cp c th a ra thng tin v in p truyn d kin khi
cc u ni in p thp l mch h, v v cc gi tr ca in tr cao hoc cc t in cn thit
gi in p trong gii hn chp nhn c.
B.2. Truyn in p sng
B.2.1 Qui nh chung
Ni chung, nghin cu lp t my bin p c th v mt qu in p sng truyn ch nn quan
tm n my bin p my pht ln, c t s in p ln v n cc my bin p ln ca li cao
p c mt cun dy th ba in p thp.
Cn phn bit hai c ch truyn sng, c th l truyn in dung v truyn in cm.
B.2.2 Truyn in dung
S truyn in dung ca qu in p ti cun dy in p thp c th c m t mt cch s
lc nh l s phn chia in p bng in dung. Mch in tng ng n gin nht t
pha cun dy in p thp bao gm mt ngun sc in ng (e.m.f) mc ni tip vi in dung
truyn C1, xem hnh B.1.
Sc in ng tng ng l phn s ca sng in pha in p cao, C 1 c 10-9 F; gi tr s v
C1 khng c xc nh r rng nhng ph thuc vo hnh dng u sng. Chng c th cng
c xc nh bng php o trn my dao ng. Vic tnh ton trc l khng chc chn.

Vic a vo u ni th hai mt thit b ng ct, on cp ngn hoc t in b sung (mt vi

nF), c tc dng nh mt in dung tp trung trc tip trn cc u ni (ngay c trong micro giy
u tin) s lm gim nh ca qu in p truyn. Cc cp hoc thanh ci di hn c th
hin bng tr khng c trng ca chng. Hnh dng thu c ca qu in p th cp thng
c c tnh ca mt xung nhn ngn (micro giy), tng ng vi mt trc ca xung truyn n.

Hnh B.1 Mch in tng ng i vi s truyn in dung do qu in p

B.2.3 Truyn in cm
S truyn in cm ca in p sng xung ty thuc vo dng sng xung trong cun dy in p
cao.
Nu khng c ti bn ngoi t ln cun dy th cp, in p qu thng c mt dao ng
tt dn xp chng c tn s c xc nh bng in cm r v in dung ca cun dy.
C th gim thnh phn qu in p truyn c tnh in cm bng cch tt dn in tr thng
qua b chuyn i xung hoc bng vic iu chnh dao ng vi ti in dung. Nu s dng t
in, gi tr in dung thng c vi phn mi micro fara. (V th chng s t ng loi tr
thnh phn truyn in dung khi in cm ca mch l nh).
Cc thng s ca my bin p c lin quan n truyn sng in cm c xc nh chnh xc
hn v t ph thuc vo tc tng (hoc tn s) hn l cc thng s lin quan n s truyn
in dung. Xem ti liu v vn ny c thm cc thng tin khc.
B.3. Qu in p truyn tn s cng nghip
Nu cun dy in p thp gn k v mt vt l vi cun dy in p cao khng c ni t
hoc ch c ni t qua mt tr khng cao trong khi ng in cun dy in p cao th s c
nguy c chu in p tn s cng nghip c s phn chia in dung.
Nguy c ny l hin nhin i vi cun dy mt pha, nhng n cng c th tn ti i vi cun
dy ba pha nu in p cun s cp tr nn khng i xng, nh xy ra s c chm t. Trong
mt s hon cnh nht nh, c th xut hin cng hng.
Cun dy th ba v cun dy n nh trong cc my bin p ln cng c mi nguy c tng t.
Trch nhim ca ngi mua l khng cun dy th ba ngu nhin c tr khng vi t qu
cao. Cun dy n nh thng phi b tr ni t vnh vin (thng my), hoc bn ngoi hoc
bn trong.
Qu in p c xc nh bng cc in dung gia cc cun dy vi nhau v gia cc cun
dy vi t. Cc in dung ny phi c o tn s thp t u ni ca my bin p trong cc
t hp khc nhau, v chng c th c tnh vi chnh xc.
Ph lc C
(tham kho)
Thng tin v cch in my bin p v th nghim in mi cn cung cp cng vi bn
yu cu v n t hng
i vi c cc cun dy:
- Gi tr Um dng cho cc u ni pha v Um n nh cho cc u ni trung tnh.
- Cch u ni ca cun dy (Y, D hoc Z).

- in p chu th danh nh to thnh cp cch in cho cc u ni pha, xem bng 1.

- Cun dy c cch in ng nht hay khng ng nht v in p chu th cm ng AC ca
trung tnh, trong trng hp cch in khng ng nht.
- C n nh mc chu xung danh nh cho trung tnh hay khng, v in p chu th thch hp
trong tng trng hp.
- Th nghim xung st cc u ni pha c bao gm th nghim xung ct hay khng.
i vi my bin p c cun dy in p cao vi Um = 245 kV:
- Th nghim xung ng ct c c b qua hay khng (ch b qua nu qui nh th nghim chu
th AC thi gian ngn, xem bng 1).
i vi my bin p c cun dy in p cao vi Um 245 kV:
- Nu qui nh th nghim cm ng thi gian ngn, th cn qui trnh th nghim phi c tha
thun trong khi lp n t hng hoc khi xem xt bn thit k, c bit l khi c lin quan n
cch u ni vi cc th nghim in p chu th cm ng trong cc my bin p phc tp c
cun dy in p cao cch in khng ng nht (xem 12.3, ch thch) v phng php c
s dng cho th nghim xung trn cc cun dy in p thp cng sut cao v cc u ni trung
tnh (xem 13.3). Vic p dng cc thit b bo v phi tuyn, c lp trong my bin p phi
c nh cung cp ch ra trong bn yu cu v thi im t hng, v ch ra trong s i dy
trn tm thng s c trng.
Ph lc D
(qui nh)
ACSD
Bng D.1 in p th nghim i vi th nghim in p chu th nghim thi gian
ngn dng cho my bin p cch in ng nht c Um > 72,5 kV theo bng 2, bng 4 v
12.2.2
in p cao nht in p chu th
in p th
dng cho thit b ngun xoay chiu nghim U1 pharing hoc cm
pha
Um
ng thi gian di
danh nh theo
bng 2, 3 hoc 4

Mc nh gi
phng in cc
b pha-t

gi tr hiu dng,
kV

gi tr hiu dung,
kV

gi tr hiu dung,
kV

U 2 1,3

Um
3

Mc nh gi
phng in cc
b pha-t
U2 = 1,3 Um

gi tr hiu dng,
kV

gi tr hiu dng,
kV
100

150

150

75

130

100

185

185

75

130

123

185

185

92

160

123

230

230

92

160

145

185

185

110

185

145

230

230

110

185

145

275

275

110

185

170

230

230

130

225

170

275

275

130

225

170

325

325

130

225

245

325

325

185

320

245

360

360

185

320

245

395

395

185

320

245

460

460

185

320

300

395

395

225

390

300

460

460

225

390

362

460

460

270

470

362

510

510

270

470

420

460

460

290

505

420

510

510

290

505

420

570

570

315

545

420

630

630

315

545

550

510

510

380

660

550

570

570

380

660

550

630

630

380

660

550

680

680

380

660

CH THCH 1: i vi Um = 550 kV v phn Um = 420 kV, mc nh gi phng in cc b phi

gim xung cn 1,2 Um

3 v 1,2 Um tng ng.

CH THCH 2: Khi in p chu th ACSD U1 nh hn mc nh gi phng in cc b pha-pha

U2, U1 phi ly bng U2. Khe h khng kh bn trong v bn ngoi phi c thit k ph hp.
Bng D.2 in p th nghim i vi th nghim in p chu th nghim thi gian
ngn dng cho my bin p cch in ng nht c Um > 72,5 kV theo bng 2, bng 4 v
12.3
in p cao nht in p chu th
in p th
dng cho thit b ngun xoay chiu nghim U1 pharing hoc cm
pha
Um
ng thi gian di
danh nh theo
bng 2, 3 hoc 4

Mc nh gi
phng in cc
b pha-t

gi tr hiu dng,
kV

gi tr hiu dng,
kV

gi tr hiu dung,
kV

gi tr hiu dung,
kV

100

150

150

87

130

100

185

185

87

130

123

185

185

107

160

123

230

230

107

160

145

185

185

125

185

145

230

230

125

185

145

275

275

125

185

170

230

230

145

225

170

275

275

145

225

gi tr hiu dng,
kV

U 2 1,3

Um
3

Mc nh gi
phng in cc
b pha-t
U2 = 1,3 Um

170

325

325

145

225

245

325

325

215

320

245

360

360

215

320

245

395

395

215

320

245

460

460

215

320

300

395

395

260

390

300

460

460

260

390

362

460

460

315

460

362

510

510

315

460

420

460

460

365

504

420

510

510

365

504

420

570

570

365

545

420

630

630

365

545

550

510

510

475

660

550

570

570

475

660

550

630

630

475

660

550

680

680

475

660

CH THCH 1: i vi Um = 550 kV v phn Um = 420 kV, mc nh gi phng in cc b phi

gim xung cn 1,2 Um

3 v 1,2 Um tng ng.

CH THCH 2: Khi in p chu th ACSD U1 nh hn mc nh gi phng in cc b pha-pha

U2, U1 phi ly bng U2, khe h khng kh bn trong v bn ngoi phi c thit k ph hp.
MC LC
Li ni u
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Ti liu vin dn
3 nh ngha
4 Qui nh chung
5 in p cao nht dng cho thit b v mc cch in
6 Qui tc i vi mt s loi my bin p c bit
7 Yu cu cch in v th nghim in mi Cc qui tc c bn
8 Th nghim trn my bin p c cun dy c nc iu chnh
9 Th nghim in mi lp li
10 Cch in ca h thng i dy ph tr
11 Th nghim in p chu th AC ngun ring
12 Th nghim in p AC cm ng (ACSD, ACLD)
13 Th nghim xung st (LI)
14 Th nghim xung st b ct ui sng (LIC)

15 Th nghim xung ng ct (SI)

16 Khong cch ly bn ngoi trong khng kh
Ph lc A (tham kho) Hng dn p dng cc php o phng in cc b trong th nghim
in p chu th AC cm ng trn cc my bin p theo 12.2, 12.3 v 12.4.
Ph lc B (tham kho) Qu in p truyn t cun dy in p cao sang cun dy in p thp
Ph lc C (tham kho) Thng tin v cch in my bin p v th nghim in mi cn cung
cp cng vi bn yu cu v n t hng
Ph lc D (qui nh) ACSD