LI NI U

S pht trin mnh m ca cc ngnh cng nhip to ra mt lng cht thi v

cng ln, gy mt cn bng sinh thi v nhim mi trng nghim trng, trong
bao gm nhim khng kh. Hydrosunfua- H2S cng l mt trong nhng kh
nhim sn sinh ch yu t cc ngnh cng nghip. Vic x l H 2S c nhiu phng
php khc nhau, khi p dng cn da vo hiu qu v tnh kinh t ca tng phng
php.
n mn hc l bc u sinh vin ngnh mi trng vn dng nhng kin
thc hc tip cn vi vic gii quyt nhng vn k thut thc t mt cch
tng hp. Nhn nhim v ca n: Thit k h thng x l H 2S bng thp a l
c ng chy chuyn vi dung mi l nc, sau gn 15 tun tm hiu, tnh ton, em
bc u tip cn v thit k mt h thng x l s b.
Em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn tn tnh ca cc thy c trong Vin v cc
bn sinh vin gip em hon thnh n ny. Tuy nhin, do cha c kinh nghim
nn trong qu trnh thc hin khng th trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt mong qu
thy c gp v ch dn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

H Ni, ngy 21 thng 05 nm 2014.

Sinh vin thc hin.

on Anh o.

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

MC LC
1.1.

Tng quan v kh H2S.

1.1.1.

Ngun pht sinh:

1.1.2.

nh hng ca H2S n con ngi v mi trng.

1.2.

Cc phng php x l H2S hin nay.

1.2.1.
K3PO4.

X l H2S bng mui cacbonat, mui photphat (Na2CO3, ( NH4)CO3,

7

1.2.2.

X l H2S bng NaOH (xt).

1.2.3.

X l H2S bng Amoniac.

1.2.4.

X l H2S bng dung dch Natri thioasenat (Na4As2S5O2).

1.2.5.

X l H2S bng cht hp ph oxit st Fe2O3.

10

1.2.6.

X l H2S bng than hot tnh.

10

II. TNH TON CNG NGH.

12

2.1.

Nhim v n.

12

2.2.

S cng ngh. (Hnh 2.1).

12

2.3.

Tnh ton thit k thp a l c ng chy chuyn.

15

2.3.1.

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v nng lng.

15

2.3.2.

Tnh ng knh thp.

18

2.3.3.

Tnh chiu cao thp.

19

III.TNH TON THIT B PH TR.

26

3.1. Tnh ton bm cht lng.

26

3.2. My nn kh:

29

IV. TNH TON V CHN C KH.

35

4.1.Chn vt liu.

35

4.2. Thn hnh tr.

35

4.3. y v np v thit b.

36

4.4. Mt bch ni np v y thp.

38

SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

4.5. Ca ni ng dn vi thit b.

39

4.6. Chn .

40

VI.

43

TI LIU THAM KHO

SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

I. M U
I.1.Tng quan v kh H2S.
Hydro sunfua (H2S) l mt cht kh khng mu, c mi c trng (mi trng thi),
rt c, khng km g xyanua (HCN). H2S km bn, t tan trong nc, tan nhiu
trong dung mi hu c. Trong th, nng H2S thng di 0,001ppm (1,391
g/m3), nhng gn cc khu cng nghip nng kh H 2S c th ln n 0,13ppm
(180,881g/m3). Ngng nhn bit bng mi ca H2S nng thp, trong khong
0,13 ppm (0,18 mg/m3) , nhng s kh nhn ra khi nng cao (trn 150ppm) do
c quan khu gic b t lit.[1]
I.1.1. Ngun pht sinh:
a,Trong t nhin: nh hng ca H2S trong t nhin n mi trng khng ng k,
do H2S khng tch t trong khng kh, mc d mi ngy c rt nhiu ngun pht
sinh ra H2S (s phn hy xc ng thc vt; phn hy cht hu c cc ao t,
cng rnh; trong hm l khai thc than,
b, Trong sn xut cng nghip:
Trong cng nghip, ngun pht sinh H2S ch yu do cc hot ng s dng nguyn
liu c cha S: trong cc qu trnh khoan hay th va, trong cc qu trnh lc v tinh
ch du m, luyn cc , sn xut ure (nh my phn m H Bc),; do s phn
hy cc cht hu c c tp trung thnh ngun ln: trong sn xut giy da (phn
xng , phn xng cht- may, phn xng hon thin); sn xut giy (hi kh t
qu trnh nu bt giy, qu trnh hon nguyn bt giy); trong nui trng thy sn
(nui tm); ngm g, r r t cc h thng x l nc thi, cht thi rn;....H 2S cn
c thi ra t cc nh my ha cht: ti sinh si, nu thuc nhum ..
H2S thi vo mi trng t cc hot ng sn xut cng nghip c nh hng trc
tip n sc khe, i sng ca con ngi.
I.1.2. nh hng ca H2S n con ngi v mi trng.
a, nh hng n con ngi:
nng thp, H2S gy nhc u, tinh thn mt mi; nng cao c th gy hn
m, thm ch t vong. Nng H2S khong 150ppm s gy t lit c quan khu
gic, ng h hp, nim mc v gic mc. H 2S c tnh xuyn thm tt qua mng
SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

sinh hc, lm ngn chn h hp t bo. C quan ch m H 2S tn cng chnh l thn

kinh trung ng v h hp. Ng c H2S thng xy ra do tai nn ngh nghip.
Cc triu chng ng c H2S:
Ng c nh: chy mc mt, nga mt, cm gic c d vt, chy nc mi, nng
rt trong mi v c hng; chng mt, nhc u, mt mi,..
Ng c va phi: ngay lp tc chng mt, nhc u, bun nn, mt iu ha, ho,
kh th, ngc p bc, kch ng mt, s nh sng,
Nhim c nng: chng mt, nh trng ngc, kh th, ri lon thc, nn, co git,
nhanh chng ri vo tnh trng hn m, ph phi, ph no, cui cng c th t lit
h hp v t vong.
Ng c rt nng: t ngt ng xung t, bt tnh ngay lp tc, ngng h hp tc
thi, t vong trong vi pht.
Bng 1. nh hng ca H2S n con ngi theo nng .[1][2]
Nng (ppm)

Triu chng

>1000
700

T vong trong thi gian ngn.

Nguy him n tnh mng, c th gy tn thng no
vnh vin, cht trong vng 1 gi.
Ho, suy sp, bt tnh, c th t vong.
Trong vng 1 gi: ng c cp tnh.
Lit khu gic.
Kch thch kh qun, vim kt mc.
Kch thch mt v phi.
Gy nh hng ti thiu trong 8h.

400-700
200 300
100 200
50 100
15
10
(gi tr gii hn)
0,41
0,00041

Ngi thy mi kh chu.

Bt u ngi thy mi c trng (mi trng thi).

Gi tr gii hn ca kh H2S l 10ppm. Cc hot ng khi c s tn ti ca kh H 2S

vi hm lng cao hn khng c php ko di qu 8 gi. Hu ht cc thng bo
ch dn u nhn mnh 6-7ppm l hm lng ti a m H 2S c php tn ti,
nhng khng qu 12 gi. Ring trong ngnh du kh, hm lng H 2S nh hng rt
nhiu n cng tc khoan
b, nh hng n thc vt: gy thng tn l cy, rng l, suy gim sinh trng,
SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

c, nh hng n vt liu: gy n mn nhanh cc loi my mc v ng ng dn,

nh h thng ng ng cp-thot nc (do c tnh axit).
d, Mt s v d v nh hng ca H2S n sc khe v i sng:
Vit Nam:
Nh my x l kh thi Bnh Hng, thuc cng ty TNHH MTV thot nc th
HCM (huyn Bnh Chnh, qun 8, TP HCM): cht lng khng kh xung quanh khu
vc nh my c ch tiu vt ngng cho php, trong c H 2S: do thit k cch
y nhiu nm, hot ng vi cng sut 130.000m 3/ngy m, sp ti ln n
500.000m3/ngy m, cng ngh x l bn ti nh my l cng ngh h, nn nng
H2S pht tn vo khng kh xung quanh ln, nh hng n i sng ngi dn.
Bi chn lp Phc Hip (TP.HCM) c nng H 2S vt 80 ln gi tr quy chun
cho php (QCVN06-2009/BTNMT v mt s cht c trong khng kh xung
quanh : nng H2S cho php l 42g/m3).
Ngy 18/06/2012, 4 th ln t vong trong khoang tu Onnekas One (Malaysia)
trn bin x Vnh Thanh, huyn Ph Vang, TT- Hu, nguyn nhn chnh l do hm
lng H2S trong khoang tu cao gp 103 ln so vi quy chun Vit Nam.
Kt qu phn tch mu khng kh khu vc bi rc ng Ngo ca s ti nguyn
Mi trng Bc Ninh (nm 2013) c nng H2S v NH3 cao gp nhiu ln so vi
quy chun cho php.
Tn th gii: Nm 1950, ti Mexico, mt nh my ha cht thi ra v mi trng
mt lng H2S trong vng 30 pht lm cht 22 ngi v 320 ngi dn ca thnh
ph Pozarica b nhim c.

I.2.Cc phng php x l H2S hin nay.

I.2.1. X l H2S bng mui cacbonat, mui photphat (Na2CO3, ( NH4)CO3, K3PO4.
Qu trnh x l H2S bng Na2CO3:
H2S + Na2CO3 NaHS + NaHCO3
Thu hi H2S:
2NaHS + H2S + 4NaVO3+ O2 Na2V4O9 + NaOH + 3 S
NaVO3 tham gia vo qu trnh hon nguyn cht xc tc ADA:
Na2V4O9 + 2 NaOH + O2 + 2 ADA 4 NaVO3 + 2 ADA

SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Phng n thay th cho natri cacbonat l dng Kali photphat vi u im l tnh

bn vng, phn ng vi H 2S mang tnh chn la khi c mt ca SO 2 trong kh thi.
Sau dng hi nc lm bay hi v thu hi H2S.
K3PO4 + H2S K2HPO4 + KHS
Ngoi ra, ngi ta c th dng cc mui cacbonat ca amoni hoc kali lm dung
dch hp th H2S thay cho Natri cacbonat. Vi amoni cacbonat, phn ng xy ra
nh sau:
(NH4)2CO3 + H2S (NH4)2S + H2O + CO2.
Phng n thay th cho natri cacbonat l dng Kali photphat vi u im l tnh
bn vng, phn ng vi H 2S mang tnh chn la khi c mt ca SO 2 trong kh thi.
Sau dng hi nc lm bay hi v thu hi H2S.
Amoni sunfua sau khi ra khi thp hp th s c phn hy thnh NH 3 v H2S.
dung dch NH3 quay tr li chu trnh, kt hp vi CO 2 v H2O to thnh (NH4)2CO3,
v phn ng trn tip tc xy ra.
I.2.2. X l H2S bng NaOH (xt).
Cc phn ng xy ra:
H2S + NaOH Na2S + 2H2O
Na2S + H2S
2NaHS
Na2S + H2O
NaHS +NaOH
Ngoi ra xt cn c tc dng vi CO2:
NaOH

NaHCO3

NaHCO3 + NaOH

Na2CO3

CO2

H 2O

Trong dung dch cn xy ra cc qu trnh oxy ha gp phn lm gim nh khu x

l dung dch dng trc khi thi ra h thng thot nc.
C th dng sa vi thay th NaOH. Lc kt ta thu c t qu trnh x l
H2S theo qu trnh tng t nh trng hp dng NaOH l cht cn nho c cha
CaS cn c x l trc khi thi ra ngoi.
NaOH dng, cht cn nho s c x l bng Clorua vi Ca(ClO) 2 oxy ha
cc lin kt sunfit (dng 6,3kg Clorua vi 35% quy v cho 1kg lu hunh).
Nng kim i vo thp hp th (scrub) c khng ch mc 7g/l; vn tc kh
trong thp l 0,6m/s; lng NaOH hoc CaO tiu hao quy v cho 1kg lu hunh l
8kg.

SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Phng php ny m bo kh c 100% H 2S trong kh thi. H thng x l

khng i hi ch to bng vt liu chng axit do nhc im ca phng php l
gy n mn thit b.
I.2.3. X l H2S bng Amoniac.
Kh H2S bng amoniac l qua trnh rt n gin, c p dng rng ri. Trong thp
hp th, H2S trong kh thi tip xc trc tip vi dung dch amoniac v kt hp vi
nhau theo phn ng:
NH3 +
H2S (NH4)2S
nhit v p sut thch hp, Amoni sunfua phn gii thnh NH 3 v H2S. NH3
quay li chu trnh lm vic, cn H 2S c a sang cng on iu ch axit hoc
lu hunh n cht. y l qu trnh tun hon 100% dung dch hp th.
I.2.4. X l H2S bng dung dch Natri thioasenat (Na4As2S5O2).
Phn ng hp th:
H 2S
+
Na2As2S5O2 Na4As2S6O + H2O
Phn ng tai sinh Natri thioasenat (Na4As2S5O2):
2Na4As2S6O +
O2
2Na4As2S5O2 +2S
Hai phn ng trn xy ra rt nhanh v l cc phn ng ch yu trong hu ht cc
iu kin vn hnh.
Trng hp nng H2S trong kh thi rt cao hoc thi gian tip xc gia 2 pha
lng- kh ko di c th xy ra cc phn ng ph, chm hn:
2Na4As2S5O2 + H2S
Na4As2S7 +
H2O
2Na4As2S7
+ O2
2Na4As2S6O + 2S
Dung dch hp th Natri Thiasenat c chun b bng cch ha tan As 2O3 v Natri
cacbonat Na2CO3 trong nc vi t l mol l 1: 2 . Trong dung dch s c Natri
Cacbonat v Bicacbonat, Natri Asenit v Axit Asenic, cc cht trn s phn ng xen
k vi H2S v oxy to thnh Natri Thioasenat Na4As2S5O2 .
Hiu qu ca h thng c th t 85- 95%.
I.2.5. X l H2S bng cht hp ph oxit st Fe2O3.
y l phng php c in nht, da trn c s cc phn ng sau:
Fe2O3
+
3 H 2S
-
Fe2S3
+
3H2O
2Fe2S3
+
3O2

2Fe2O3 +
6S
Sau khi ha tan H2S, oxit st c ti sinh li bng khng kh (cp oxy) thu lu
hunh. Tc phn ng hp th H 2S ca oxit st ph thuc vo mc tip xc
gia kh v b mt vt liu hp th. Do nng cao tc phn ng, rng ca
vt liu hp th phi ln. rng ca oxit st thng khng nh hn 50%.
iu kin tt nht ca qu trnh hp th kh H 2S ca oxit st l khong nhit
nm trong khong 28 300C, m ca vt liu hp th khong 30%.
Fe2O3 c hon nguyn bng cc cch:
SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Oxy ha vt liu hp ph bng oxy trong khng kh.

Thi hn hp kh c cha 2-3% oxy qua lp vt liu hp ph. Nhit hon nguyn
t 600 n 800oC.
Hon nguyn lin tc khi vt liu hp ph bng cch b sung vo dng kh cn x
l mt th tch khng kh vi tnh ton sao cho lng oxy trong hn hp kh gp 1,5
ln lng oxy l thuyt cn cho qu trnh oxy ha. Qu trnh hon nguyn s xy ra
song song vi qu trnh hp ph. Khi nng H2S di 0,5% (tc di 7,5g/m3) c
th s dng qung bn c cha Fe(OH) 3 lm vt liu hp ph, iu kin lm vic
28-30oC, m vt liu khng di 30%.

I.2.6. X l H2S bng than hot tnh.

Qu trnh hp ph xy ra theo phn ng:
H2S

/2O2 H2O +

S + 222 KJ/mol

thc y qu trnh oxy ha ngi ta thm vo kh cn lc mt lng nh

Amoniac (0,2g/m3)
Lu hunh c gii phng ra trong phn ng oxy ha nu trn dn dn tch t
trong lp than v lm cho vt liu hp th tr nn bo ha,lc cn tin hnh hon
nguyn vt liu hp th bng Amoni sunfua (NH4)2S:
2(NH4)2S

+ 6S

2(NH4)2S4

2(NH4)2S

+ 6S

2(NH4)2S4

(NH4)2Sn

(NH4)2S

+ (n-1)S

tinh khit ca lu hunh c th t c 99.9 % ,cn hi ngng t li trong qu

trnh phn hy dung dch l Amoni sunfua sch.
Sau khi tch lu hunh ra khi than bo ha ngi ta ra than bng nc cho ti
khi khng cn SO2 trong nc mi thi , sau than c sy kh dng tr li.
Kt qu nghin cu thc t cho bit kch thc ht than hot tnh cng nh th
ngm H2S ca than cng ln.
Thng ngi ta sn xut than c c ht 1 2 mm.
H thng x l H2S bng than hot tnh lm vic theo chu trnh kn vo lin tc.

Cc phng php x l H 2S trn u yu cu phi s dng thm nhiu loi ha

cht hay vt liu khc (than hot tnh) khin kinh ph u t ln, ngoi ra cn thi ra
SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

ngoi mi trng lng ha cht sau khi s dng, cn c thm cng on x l

trc khi thi trc tip vo mi trng. tit kim kinh ph, ta c th dng dung
mi l nc hp th kh H2S trong kh thi m vn m bo hiu sut cao bng
vic iu chnh iu kin lm vic. Lng nc sau khi hp th d x l hn, v c
th ti s dng. n ny, em xin trnh by phng php hp th H 2S vi dung
mi l nc bng thit b thp a l c ng chy chuyn.

SVTH: on Anh o

10

 n 1
Khc Un

II.

GVHD:

TNH TON CNG NGH.

II.1.
Nhim v n.
Thit k h thng hp th H2S bng thp a l c ng chy chuyn, dung mi l
nc.
S liu ban u:
Lu lng dng kh nhim: 15000 Nm3/h.
Nng cht nhim: 0,01 mol/mol.
Hiu sut hp th: 85%.
Nhit kh vo thp: 30oC.
Nhit dung mi (nc sch): 25oC.
p sut lm vic: 15at.
Lng dung mi tiu tn so vi lng dung mi ti thiu l 1,3.
II.2.
S cng ngh. (Hnh 2.1).

SVTH: on Anh o

11

 n 1
Khc Un

SVTH: on Anh o

GVHD:

12

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

II.3.
Tnh ton thit k thp a l c ng chy chuyn.
II.3.1. Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v nng lng.
Nhit dung mi (nc) vo thp l: t2= 25 .
Suy ra nhit lm vic ca thp hp th: 25 t lv 30() .
Nhit dng kh vo thp l: t1= 30 .
p sut lm vic ca thp: plv= 15at, tng ng vi 14,52atm, hay plv= 11034
mmHg.
Lu lng kh vo thp:
kmol

V y ,0 . p 0 15000.1
G y=
=
=624,324
R.T0
0,082.293

kmol

kmol
.

y =0,01
kmol H 2 S

kmol kk

.
y
0,01
Y =
=
=0,0101
1 y 10,01

Hiu sut hp th l:
Suy ra:
yc=

Y Y c
=0,85
Y

Y c =Y . ( 1 )=0,0101. ( 10,85 )=0,001515 ( kmol H 2 S /kmol kk ) .

Yc
0,001515
=
=0,0015 ( kmol /kmol ) .
1+ Y c 1+0,001515

Lu lng kh tr:

Gtr =G y . ( 1 y )=624,324. ( 10,01 ) =618,08 ( kmol /h ) .

Phng trnh ng cn bng:

kmol kk
kmol H 2 S/

mX
Y cb =

1+ ( 1m) X

SVTH: on Anh o

13

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

kmol H 2 O
kmol H 2 S/

Y
X cb =

m+ ( m1 ) Y

Hay:

H s cn bng: m= p , trong (mmHg) l h s Henry ph thuc vo nhit

cng nh tnh cht ca kh v lng.
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu:
Gtr . ( Y Y c )=G x . ( X X ) =Gx . X (v X =0)(2.3)

Lng dung mi ti thiu: Gx , min=

G tr .(Y Y c ) G tr .(Y Y c )
=
(2.4 )
Xc
X cb,

M, theo (2.2), ta c:
X cb , =

Y
(2.5)
m+ ( m1 ) Y

Lng dung mi tiu tn: Gx = . Gx ,min (2.6)

h
m3 /
V x=

G x . M H O G x .18
=
( )
H O , 25 997,08

Phng trnh ng lm vic:

kmol kk
kmol H 2 S/

Gx
Y=
. X +Y c
Gtr

Nng lng ra:

kmol H 2 O
kmol H 2 S /

G
X c =( Y Y c ) . tr
Gx

kmol
kmol/

.
X
xc= c
X c+ 1

Cn bng nhit lng:

B qua trao i nhit vi bn ngoi, ta c: Qt =Qth ( 2.10 )
SVTH: on Anh o

14

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

y tb =

y + y c 0,01+0,0015
=
=0,00575 ( kmol /kmol ) .
2
2

x tb =

x + xc xc
= (kmol /kmol) .
2
2

Nhit lng kh ta ra:

h
kg /

Khi lng kh:

m y ,tb =M H S . G y . y tb + M kk .G y . ( 1 y tb )
2

Nhit dung ring ca kh:

c y ,tb = y tb . c p , H S + ( 1 y tb ) .c p , kk

y tb . c p , H

kg . K
J /

+
1
y
.(0,78.
c p , N +0,2. c p ,O )
(
)
S
tb
2

c p , N = ( 2,38+3,58.104 .T ) .103 , J /kg . K

2

c p ,O =( 2,35+2,535. 104 T 2,817.10 4 .T 2 ) .103 , J /kg . K

2

t
y , vt cb ) ( J / h ) (2.13)
Nhit lng kh ta ra: (
Qt=m y, tb . c y ,tb .

Nhit lng lng thu vo:

h
kg /

Khi lng lng:

mx ,tb =M H S .G x . x tb + M H O . Gx . ( 1x tb)
2

Nhit dung ring ca lng:

kg . K
J /

c x , tb =xtb . c p , H S + ( 1x tb ) . c p , H O
2

t cb t
Nhit lng lng thu vo: ( x , v) ( J /h ) (2.16)
Q th=mx . c x, tb .

T
t cb=

(2.13),

(2.16)

suy

ra

nhit

cn

bng:

mx ,tb c x ,tb t x ,v +m y ,tb c y ,tb t y , v

( ) (2.17)
m x, tb c x, tb + m y, tb c y ,tb

Nhit cn bng chnh l nhit lm vic trong thp, v l nhit ra khi thp
ca hai pha kh v lng.
SVTH: on Anh o

15

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Chn nhit lm vic trong khong t 25 n 30 , ta c bng tnh ton sau:

SVTH: on Anh o

16

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Bng 2.1. La chn nhit lm vic thch hp trong thp.

SVTH: on Anh o

17

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Chn nhit lm vic 25 , khi lng dung mi tiu tn l t nht, nhit

cn bng khi 2 pha kh-lng trao i nhit vi nhau chnh bng 25 . Nc
sau khi s dng c th a vo cc b cha, ri tip tc c tun hon, ti s dng.
3
25 , khi lng ring ca nc l: H O , 25 =997,08(kg/m )
2

V x=

Gx .18 25877,54.18
=
=467,16(m3 /h) .
997,08
997,08
37,5204. X

Vy phng trnh ng cn bng: Y cb = 136,5204. X (2.18)

Phng trnh ng lm vic:
Y=

25922,75
. X +0,0015=41,9408 X + 0,001515(2.19)
618,08

II.3.2. Tnh ng knh thp.

iu kin lm vic:

h
m3 /
V y , 0 . p0 .T lv 15000.760.298
Lu lng kh vo thp:
V y , =
=
=1127,783
T 0 p lv
273.11034

Lu lng kh ra khi thp:

h
m / .
3

V y ,c =G tr . ( 1+Y c ) .

R .T lv
0,082.298
=618,08. ( 1+0,001515 ) .
=1041,755
plv
14,52

h
m3 /
.
V +V y, c 1127,783+1041,755
V y ,tb = y ,
=
=1084,769
2
2
xtb =

M H S . x tb
2

M H S . x tb + M H O . ( 1x tb ) .
2

kg
kg /
34.0,1025. 103

=1,9359. 104
3
3
34. 0,1025.10 +18.( 10,1025. 10 )

Khi lng ring ca lng v kh:

SVTH: on Anh o

18

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

kg

3
m
.

H O , 25 =997,08
2

kg

m3
.

H S ,ktc =1,5392
2

iu kin lm vic: 25 , 15at:

kg

m3

T .p
273.11034
H S ,lv = H S ,ktc . 0 lv =1,5392.
=20,472
p 0 . T lv
760.298
2

kg

m3

1,293. plv
1,293.11034
kk , lv=
=
=17,195
( 1+0,00367. tlv ) .760 (1+0,00367.25 ) .760
y ,tb= y tb . H

Suy ra:

S , lv

+ ( 1 y tb ) . kk ,lv

kg

m3
.

0,00575.20,472+ ( 10,00575 ) .17,195=17,214

x, tb

1
xtb
H

S ,lv

1 xtb
H O
2

1
4
1,9359.10
11,9359. 104
+
20,472
997,08

Sc cng b mt ca nc iu kin lm vic[3.301]:

m
N /
.
H O ,25 =0,072
2

cm
yn/
Hay:
.
H O ,25 =0,072.1000=72
2

Tc ca kh i trong thp[4.184]:
SVTH: on Anh o

19

kg

m3

987,956

 n 1
Khc Un

kg

m2 . s

y ,tb .( x , tb y, tb ),

GVHD:

( y y ) tb=8,5.105 . C .
y, tb =

8,5.105 .C . y, tb .( x ,tb y, tb )
, ( m/s ) (2.21) .
y, tb

Trong :
C- i lng ph thuc khong cch gia 2 a v sc cng b mt (xc nh theo
th hnh IX.20 [4.184] vi >20 yn /cm ).
H - khong cch gia cc a,m (ph thuc vo ng knh thp[4.184].)

ng knh thp: D=

4.V y ,tb
, ( m ) (2.22)
.3600. y ,tb

Bng 2.2: Tc kh i trong thp v ng knh thp.

T bng 2.2 suy ra ng knh thp D=1,2m l thch hp. Khi :

m

.
4. V y ,tb
4. 1084,769
y, tb = 2
=
=0,27
D . .3600 1,22 . .3600

Tit din ngang ca thp:

. D 2 .1,22
F=
=
=1,131 ( m2) .
4
4

II.3.3. Tnh chiu cao thp.

* La chn s b:

SVTH: on Anh o

20

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Vi ng knh thp D=1,2m th s dng a c mt ng i ca lng, khong

cch gia cc a thng thng s nm trong khong (0,3-0,6)m, u tin chn
khong cch gia cc a t (0,3-0,45)m, nh tnh trn, ta c:

H =0,35 m .

Vng chy chuyn hnh vin phn (chim khong 25% din tch tit din ngang ca
thp) c thit k n gin, t tn km, v to iu kin s dng hiu qu din tch
ca a cho chy chuyn lng, khi , chiu di ca ngng chy trn lng thng
nm trong khong 60-80% ng knh thp, vng chy chuyn lng ti mi bn ca
a s chim khong t 5% n 15% din tch tit din ngang ca a.

Hnh 2.2- Thit k ng chy chuyn hnh vin phn.

^
Chn phn knh chy chuyn sao cho AOB==90 .

Khi chiu di ngng chy trn:

Din tch hnh qut (OAB):

S Qut =

Lc =

D 2 1,2. 2
=
=0,85(m) .
2
2

90.1,131
2
. F=
=0,283 ( m )
360
360
2

1 D
1,2
( 2)
Din tch tam gic vung OAB: S OAB = 2 . 2 = 8 =0,18 m

( )

Din tch knh chy chuyn:

f ch=SQut S OAB =0,2830,18=0,103 ( m2) .

f ch =9,1 F

: ph hp).

SVTH: on Anh o

21

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Hnh 2.3. Thit k s b mt a.

lp a vo trong thp cn cha bng khng c l rng khong 5mm ra
a, ngoi ra cng li v hai pha ngay st ngng chy trn mt khong khng
c l rng 50mm lm c cu kp a v n nh dng.
90

Chiu di bng khng c l mp a: l1=( 1,22. 0,5 ) . . 180 =1,73(m) .

2
Din tch bng khng c l mp a: f 1 =2.1,73. 0,05=0,173(m ) .

2
Chiu di vng n nh dng: l 2= 2. ( 1,20,05 )=1,626( m ) .

2
Din tch vng n nh dng: f 2=2.1,626.0,05=0,1626(m ) .

Din tch phn c l trn a (xy ra qu trnh hp th):

f =Ff 1f 2 2. f ch =1,1310,1730,16262. 0,103=0,5894( m2 ) .
2
Din tch s b ca l: f l 10 . f =0,06( m ) .

ng knh l

dl

ph bin nm trong khong 4-12mm, chn:

d l=5 mm

3 2

Din tch 1 l: f 0=

(5. 10 ) .
=1,963.105 (m2 ) .
4

Khi phn b l trn a theo hnh tam gic u th bc l p thng nm trong

khong (2,5-4) ln ng knh l

SVTH: on Anh o

dl

p=2,6 . d l=2,6. 5=13(mm)

22

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

S l trn a:

n=

fl
0,06
=
=3056(l )
.
f 0 1,963. 105

Chiu cao ngng chy trn thng nm trong khong (80-100)mm tng thi
gian lu trong thp, chn

hc =90 mm

Khong cch t mp di ca knh chy chuyn ti mt a thng thp hn

ngng chy trn 13mm m bo knh chy chuyn lun ngp trong lng[2]:
hcl =77 mm

Thp lm vic p sut cao (15at), dng knh a l 1,2m, nn chn b dy ca a

l: =10 mm .
m
N /
Sc cng b mt ca nc:
.
H O ,25 =0,072
2

Tr lc sc cng b mt[4.194]:
Ps =

4.
4.0,072
=
=44,294(N /m2 )
2
3
2
6
.
1,3. d l +0,08. d l 1,3. 5.10 +0,08. 5 .10

Tr lc thy tnh[4.194]:

( )]

Gx
Pt =1,3. K . h c + K .
m. Lc
3

. g . x .

m2
N /

1,3 0,5. 0,09+ 0,5.

467,16
10000. 0,85

)]
2

.9,81. 987,956=2012,54

Trong :
3
Gx: lu lng lng, m /h.

hc

: chiu cao ng chy chuyn nh ln trn a, m.

SVTH: on Anh o

23

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Lc : chiu di ca chy trn, m.

K: t s khi lng ring gia bt v lng khng bt, K=0,5.

Gx

Gx
>5 m3
Lc

m: h s lu lng qua ca chy trn: ( Lc <5 m /m.h th m=6400;

/m.h th m=10000)
Tr lc ca a kh[4.194]:

Pk =

y . 20
.
2

Trong :
h s tr lc, i vi a c tit din t do ca l <10% din tch chung th
=1,82.
0

-tc kh i qua l:

Pk =

0 = y

F
1,131
=0,27.
=5,09(m/s)
.
fl
0,06

y . 20
17,214.5,092
=1,82.
=405,84( N /m2 ) .
2
2

Sc cn thy lc ca lp cht lng trn a:

P x, = Pd P k = Pk + P s + Pt Pk = Ps + P k .
2

m
N /
.
44,294+ 2012,54=2056,834

H s cp khi[4.164]:
4
y =3,03.104 0,76
.0,27 0,76 .2056,834=0,23
y . Px , =3,03.10

33,7.104 . P x , 33,7.104 .2056,234

x=
=
=59,48
1,95. y 0,41
1,95.0,270,41

SVTH: on Anh o

24

kmol
kmol
2
m .s.
kmol

kmol
kmol
m2 . s .
kmol

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

H s chuyn khi[4.162]:
K y=

1
kmol
,
(2.23)
1 m
kmol
2
.
+
m .s .
y x
kmol

Vi : mh s gc c a

ncn
g bng :mi=

y y cb
( 2.24 ) .
x cb x

S n v chuyn khi vi mi a[4.173]:

m yT =

K y. f
(2.25)
.
Gy

t : C y =e m (2.26) .
yT

Hnh 2.4. S thay i nng pha kh trn mt a thc t.

Xc nh s a thc t theo phng php ng cong ng hc:
V th ng cn bng v ng lm vic.
Dng cc on thng
lm vic,

Cj

A jC j

song song vi trc tung vi

nm trn ng cn bng.

Xc nh cc im

Bj

= AC (2.27)
BC
theo cng thc:
Cy

Ta c bng tnh ton sau:

SVTH: on Anh o

25

Aj

nm trn ng

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Bng 2.3: Tnh ton xc nh ng cong ng hc.

V ng cong ph i qua cc im

Bj

V s bc nm gia ng cong ph v ng lm vic, ta c th hnh 2.2. S

bc l s a thc t ca thp.
Chiu cao thp:

H=N t . ( H + ) +C , m(2.28)

Trong : C l khong lp ng ng dn lng v dn kh vo thp.

Chn C = 1 + 0,6 = 1,6 (m).

SVTH: on Anh o

26

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Hnh 2.5. th xc nh s a thc t ca thp hp th.

T th, ta m c 11 bc thay i nng , tng ng vi 11 a.

Suy ra, chiu cao hiu dng ca thp: H hd=11. ( 0,35+ 0,01 )+ 1,6=5,56 (m) .
Quy chun chiu cao thp: Hhd = 5,5m.
Khi , khong lp ng ni ng ng dn cht lng l 1m, khong lp ng
ni ng ng dn kh l 0,54m.
III.TNH TON THIT B PH TR.
3.1. Tnh ton bm cht lng.
5
2
p sut mt thong: P1=1,013.10 N /m .

SVTH: on Anh o

27

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

2
p sut lm vic: Plv =1470716,053 N /m .

2
Gia tc trng trng: g=9,81m/s .

Vn tc dng lng trong ng dn vo- ra thp t 1,5 2,5 m/s [3.370], chn vn
tc lng vo l =2m/s.
Cng sut yu cu trn trc bm[3.439]:

Trong :

Q- nng sut bm:

Q=

N tr =

QgH
( kW )
1000.

(3.1)

476,16
=0,13
m3/s.
3600

- khi lng ring ca cht lng, 25 : n c=997,08 kg /m3 .

g- gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81m/s2.

H- p sut ton phn ca bm, m.
- hiu sut bm.
Dng lng i vo thp hp th lm vic p sut 15at, nn p sut ton phn ca
bm[3.438]:
H=

P2P1
2
+ H 0+ hm + x (m)
g
2g

(3.2)

p sut trn b mt ng ht: P1= Pkk= 1,013.105 N/m2.

p sut trn b mt ng y: P2= Plv= 1470716,053 N/m2.
H0- chiu cao nng cht lng, thp hp th cao 5m, ta chn H0= 6m.
p sut ton phn[3.376]:

p sut ng lc hc:

P= P + Pm + P H + Pt + P k + Pcb .

P =

. 2 997,08 .22
=
=1994,16(N /m2 ).
2
2

Chn chiu di ton b h thng ng dn nc: L=10m.

SVTH: on Anh o

28

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

ng knh ng ht v ng y bng nhau v bng (chn ng dn trn)[3.369]:

d=

Vx
467,16
=
=0,287 ( m ) . Quy chun ng knh ng: d=0,3m.
0,785
0,785.2.3600

Vn tc dng lng i trong thp:

x=

Vx
467,16
=
=1,26 (m/ s)
.
f ch 0,103 .3600

Vn tc dng lng trong ng dn:

Vx
0,785.d

467,16
=1,8( m/ s)
.
0,785.0,3 2 .3600

3
2
25 , n c=0,8937. 10 Ns /m .

Chun s Reynol:

n c. d 1,8. 997,08 . 0,3

=
=602465,3
3

0,8937.10

> 10000.

Chn ng lm t vt liu thp mi, khng hn c nhm tuyt i:

=0,06 0,1mm . Chn =0,06 mm .
0,06. 103
=
=
=0,0002 .
nhm tng i:
d
0,3

Tr s Reynol gii hn trn:

gh=6.

8 /7

()

=6.

0,3
0,06.103

8 /7

=101285,1.

Cht lng chy xoy,vi h s ma st:

[( )

1
6,81
=2. lg

0,9

[(

6,81
=2. lg
3,7
602465,3

0,9

0,0002
3,7

> =0,015 .

p
Pm = .

sut

khc

phc

tr

L . 2
10 997,08 . 1,82
.
=0,015
=807,63 N /m2 .
d td 2
0,3
2

SVTH: on Anh o

29

lc

ma

st:

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

ng ng dn cht lng vo thp hp th c mt van mt chiu ng ng ht,

c h s tr lc 1=2, mt van iu chnh lu lng trn ng ng y c 2=5,3,
v hai khuu 90, mi khuu c ghp bi hai khuu 45 c 3=0,38. [3.401-397394]
H s tr lc cc b: = i=2+5,3+ 4.0,38=8,82 .
p sut khc phc tr lc cc b:
2

Pcb =

.
2

= 8,82.

997,08. 1,8
=14246,68( N /m2).
2

p sut cn thit nng cht lng ln cao H0 = 6 m:

P H =g H 0=997,08 . 9,81 .6=58688,13 N /m2 .

p sut khc phc tr lc trong thit b: coi

p sut b sung: coi

Pk =0

Pt =0

Suy ra, p sut ton phn:

P= P + Pm + P H + Pt + P k + Pcb

= 1994,16 + 807,63 + 58688,13 + 14246,68 = 75736,6 (N/m2).

p sut tiu tn thng ton b tr lc trn ng ng ht v ng ng y:
hm =

P
75736,6
=
=7,743(m) .
g 997,08 . 9,81

> H=

P2P1
2x
+ H 0 +hm +
g
2g

1470716,0531,013.105
1,26
+6+7,743+
=153,81(m) .
997,08. 9,81
2 .9,81

Chn bm li tm c hiu sut th tch tnh n s hao ht cht lng chy t vng p
sut cao n vng p sut thp v do cht lng r qua cc ch h ca bm 0=0,9;
SVTH: on Anh o

30

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Hiu sut thy lc, tnh n ma st v s to ra dng xoy trong bm tl = 0,8; Hiu
sut c kh, tnh n ma st c kh bi, lt trc ck = 0,9.[3.439]
Hiu sut bm:

= 0 . tl . ck=0,9.0,8 .0,9=0,648

Cng sut yu cu trn trc ca bm:

N tr =

QgH 0,13 . 997,08 . 9,81. 153,81

=
=301,82(kW ) .
1000.
1000. 0,648

Cng sut ng c in:

N c =

N tr
tr c

(kW)

(3.3)

Trong : tr hiu sut truyn ng, chn bng 0,85;

c hiu sut ng c in, chn bng 0,9.
> N c =

301,82
=394,536(kW )
0,85 . 0,9

> 50kW.

H s d tr bm hot ng an ton l: =1,1 [3.440].

Khi , cng sut thc t ca ng c bm: N tt= .Nc = 1,1. 394,536 = 433,99
(kW).
3.2. My nn kh:
p sut lm vic trong thp hp th l 15at, do chn my nn pittong nhiu cp
a kh cn x l vo trong thp hp th.
Vn tc kh trong ng ng y ca my nn trong khong 15 25 m/s[3.370],
chn

=25 m/s

; chn vn tc kh trong ng ng ht l

Lu lng u vo ca kh thi:

V y(1 at) =

15000.760 .298
=4,24(m3 /s )
.
293.760 .3600

a, Tnh p sut trc khi nn:

4,3

y
ng knh ng ht: d h= 0,785 h = 0,785.20 =0,52 ( m) .

SVTH: on Anh o

h=20 m/s

31

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

d h=0,5 m

Quy chun

. Khi : :

h=

Vy
0,785.d

2
h

4,24
=21,6(m/s )
.
0,785. 0,52

25 v 1atm, nht ca H2S v khng kh ln lt l[3.117]:

H S =0,013. 103 Ns /m2 ; kk =0,018.103 Ns/m2 .
2

M y =M H S . y tb + M kk . ( 1 y tb )
2

34.0,00575+29. ( 10,00575 )=29,03(kg /kmol) .

nht ca hn hp kh[3.85]:
My

y=
y tb .

MH S
M
+ ( 1 y tb ) . kk .
H S
kk
2

29,03

0,00575.

34
29
+ ( 10,00575 ) .
3
0,013.10
0,018. 103

=0,01795.103 ( Ns /m2 )

3
2
Ly y kk=0,018. 10 Ns /m .

iu kin 25 , 1atm:

Chun s Reynol:

kg

m3

.
M y .273 . p 29,03. 273.760
y=
=
=1,187
22,4. p 0 . T 22,4.760 .298

h y . d h 21,6 .1,187 . 0,5

=
=712200
3
y
0,018.10

> 10000.

Chn ng lm t vt liu thp mi, khng hn c nhm tuyt i:

=0,06 0,1mm . Chn

SVTH: on Anh o

=0,06 mm .

32

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

0,06. 103
nhm tng i: = d h = 0,5 =0,00012 .

Tr s Reynol gii hn trn:

gh=6.

dh

8 /7

( )

=6.

0,5
0,06.103

8 /7

=30264,65

<Re.

Cht lng chy xoy,vi h s ma st:

[( )

1
6,81
=2. lg

0,9

[(

6,81
=2. lg
3,7
712200

0,9

0,00012
3,7

> =0,014 .

Chn chiu di ng ng ht l:

Lh=5 m.

Tn tht p sut do ma st trn ng ng ht :

Pm = .

2
L y . h
5 1,187 .21,6 2
2
.
=0,014
=38,766 ( N /m ) .
dh
2
0,5
2

Trn ng ng ht lp 1 van mt chiu c h s tr lc = 2.

Tn tht p sut cc b qua van mt chiu :
Pcb =

2
y . h2
1,187 . 21,6
2.
=553,8(N /m2).
=
2
2

Do ng ng t nm ngang, nn tn tht p sut trn ng ng ht:

Ph= Pm + Pcb =38,766+553,8=592,566(N /m2) .
5
2
Vy p sut trc khi nn: P1=Pa Ph=1,013. 10 592,566=100707,4(N /m ) .

b, Tnh p sut sau khi nn :

Kh vo thp, ln nh thp vi chnh lch cao khong :
Tn tht p sut khi vn chuyn kh t di ln nh thp :
SVTH: on Anh o

33

H k =5,5(m)

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

P H = y , 15at . g . H k =17,214 . 9,81. 5,5=928,78(N /m2) .

k

Tng tn tht s b ca dng kh i trong thp:

Pth = P H + P =928,78+ 4464,24=5393,02(N /m2) .
k

Lu lng kh trn ng ng y :

V y=

15000 .760 . 298

=0,292(m3 /s)
.
293 .11034 . 3600

2
Tr lc ca kh qua a kh: P =n. Pk =11 . 405,84=4464,24 (N /m ) .

d=

ng knh ng y :

Quy chun

d =0,125 m

Vy
0,292
=
=0,122 ( m ) .
0,785
0,785.25

. Khi : :

Vy
0,785. d

0,292
=23,8(m/s)
.
0,785.0,1252

3
2
Ly y kk(15 at) =0,0185.10 Ns/m .

iu kin 25 , 1atm:

Chun s Reynol:

kg

m3
.

y =17,214

h y . d h 23,8 .17,214 . 0,125

=
=2 768197,3
3
y
0,0185.10

> 10000.

Chn ng lm t vt liu thp mi, khng hn c nhm tuyt i:

=0,06 0,1mm . Chn

=0,06 mm .

0,06. 103
nhm tng i: = d h = 0,125 =0,00048 .

Tr s Reynol gii hn trn:

SVTH: on Anh o

34

 n 1
Khc Un
d
gh=6. h

GVHD:

8 /7

( )

=6.

0,125
0,06.103

8 /7

=37240,75 < Re.

Cht lng chy xoy,vi h s ma st:

[( )

1
6,81
=2. lg

0,9

[(

6,81
=2. lg
3,7
2768197,3

0,9

0,00048
3,7

> =0,017 .

Chn chiu di ng y l:

L =5 m.

Tn tht p sut do ma st trn ng ng y :

Pm = .

L y . 2
5 17,214 .23,82
2
.
=0,017.
=3315,24 (N /m ) .
d
2
0,125
2

Trn ng ng y lp 1 van iu chnh lu lng kh c h s tr lc

= 5,3 ;

v mt khuu 90 c ghp bi hai khuu 45 c 2=0,38. [3.401-397-394]

H s tr lc cc b: = i=5,3+ 2.0,38=6,06 .
Tn tht p sut cc b trn ng ng y :
.
Pcb = y
2

= 6,06.

17,214 . 23,82
=29544,62( N /m2).
2

Thit k chnh lch cao gia ca ra ca my nn vi ca kh vo thp l

hc =1 m

, khi tn tht p sut nng kh ln cao 1m (bn ngoi thp hp

th) l:
Png= y . g . hc =1,187 . 9,81. 1=11,64 ( N /m2 ) .

Vy p sut sau khi nn:

P2=Plv + Pth + Pm + P cb + Png .

SVTH: on Anh o

35

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

1470716,053+ 5393,02+3315,24 +29544,62+11,64 .

1508950,178( N /m 2) .

Do

P2 1477807,1
=
=14,98
, nn s cp ca my nn: z = 2 cp.[3.472]
P1 100707,4

1508950,178

z
2
2
nn ca 1 cp[3.471]: = P . . z1 = 100707,4 . 1 .0,93 21 =4,014 .
1

(Trong : hiu sut th tch ca ton b qu trnh, ly = 1;

h s tnh n mt mt p sut trong thit b lm lnh trung gian, c th ly

=0,93

Th

tch

i vi tt c cc cp.)

lm

vic

ca

V=

xilanh[3.471]:

60.Q1

[ 1a .( 1)] . . n
1
mg

(3.4)
Trong :
Q1 nng sut iu kin ht cho trc, Q1 = Vy = 4,24 m3/s.
T

h s nhit , ly T =0,9 .

h s kn, ly k =0,95 .

n s vng quay, chn n=450 vng/ph (my nn nng sut trung bnh).
mg ch s a bin ca qu trnh gin, mg = 1,2.
a th tch tng i ca khong hi, ly a = 0,05.
Vy:
V=

60.Q 1

60. 4,24

[ 1a .( 1)] . . n [ 10,05. ( 34,014

1
mg

SVTH: on Anh o

36

1
1,2

)]

1 . 0,9 . 0,95 . 450

=0,742(m )

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Chn my nn nm ngang c con trt, dng pittong c mt ng knh vi t s

S/D1=0,8.
Trong :

S khong chy ca pittong, m.

D1 ng knh pittong, m.
2
3
Ta c: V =0,785. D1 . S=0,785 .0,8 D1

0,742

Suy ra: D 1= 0,785. 0,8 = 0,785 .0,8 =1,056 ( m) .

S = 0,8D1 = 0,8 . 1,056 = 0,8448 (m).
Cng nn 1kg kh t p sut thng 1atm n p sut lm vic 14,52atm[3.465]:
L=z . p1 V 1

m
m1

[( ) ]
p2
p1

m1
mz

1 =z . R T 1

m
m1

[( ) ]
p2
p1

m1
m

(3.5)

Trong , m l ch s a bin, thng ly m = 1,2 1,62[3.465], chn m = 1,5, ta

c:

1,5
L=2 . 8,314 .298 .
. ( 14,98 )
1,51

Nng sut ca my nn:

1,51
1,5

1 =21782,34 (J / kg) .

Q= 0 t k V

n
60

(m3/s)

(3.6)

Trong , hiu sut th tch:

1
mg

0 =1a . 1 =10,05. 4,014 1,2 1 =0,8908 .

H s nhit :

t =0,9

; H s kn:

k =0,95

; s vng quay: n = 450 vng/ph.

Ch s a bin ca qu tnh gin kh: mg = 1,2.

450

3
Suy ra: Q=0,8908 . 0,9 . 0,95. 0,742. 60 =4,2385(m /s) .

SVTH: on Anh o

37

 n 1
Khc Un
G=

GVHD:

Q . M y . p 4,2384 . 29,03 . 1
=
=5,035 (kg /s) .
RT
0,082 .298
G. L

Cng sut l thuyt ca my nn: N = 1000 =

Cng sut thc t ca my nn kh:

N tt =

Cng sut trn trc ca my nn kh:

Cng sut ca ng c:

N c = .

5,035 .21782,34
=109,674( kW )
.
1000

N 109,673
=
=168,729(kW )
.
a
0,65

N hd=

N tt 168,729
=
=210,911(kW )
.
ck
0,8

N hd
210,911
=1,15.
=265,961( kW )
.
tr c
0,96 . 0,95

IV. TNH TON V CHN C KH.

4.1.Chn vt liu.
Qu trnh x l kh H2S (c tnh axit), lm vic p sut cao (15at) nn chn vt
liu bn, v chu n mn ha hc. Do , chn vt liu l thp khng g X18H10T,
vi cc c tnh k thut[4.310]:
6
2
Gii hn bn khi ko: k =550.10 N /m .

6
2
Gii hn bn khi chy: ch =220. 10 N /m .

3
Khi lng ring: CT 3=7900 kg /m .

4.2. Thn hnh tr.

Thn hnh tr ca thp hp th cao 5m, ng knh trong 1,2m. Thp lm vic
15at, do ta dng loi thn hnh tr hn.
Dt . P
S=
+C ( m ) (4.1)
Chiu dy ca thn thp[4.360]:
2[ ]P

Trong : C h s b sung do n mn, bo mn v dung sai v chiu dy, m.

SVTH: on Anh o

38

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

h s bn thnh hnh tr theo phng dc, mi on thp c cun t thp

tm, v hn h quang theo kiu hn gip mi hai bn nn c =0,95 .

Thp X18H10T thuc loi vt liu bn (tc n mn kim loi khong 0,05
0,1mm/nm), thi gian lm vic l 20 nm, ly C1=2mm.
H s b sung hao mn do vt rn c th b qua: C2=0.
H s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy, chn C3= 0,8mm.
=>C = C1+C2+C3 = 2 + 0 + 0,8 = 2,8 mm.
H s an ton bn ca thp khng g: nk = 2,6; nch = 1,5.[3.356]
ng sut ca thp[4.355]:
6
k
550.10
[ k ]= n . = 2,6 =211,538.10 6 (N / m2) .
b

[ ch ]= n ch .=
ch

220. 106
=146,667. 106 (N /m2) .
1,5

Trong : h s hiu chnh, c gi tr bng 1.

nb, nch h s an ton theo gii hn bn v gii hn chy: nb=2,6; nch=1,5.
m bo an ton, gi tr ng sut cho php l gi tr nh nht trong cc gi tr
6
2
trn: [ ]=146,667. 10 N /m .

p sut thy tnh ca ct cht lng trong thp:

Ptt = x . g . H =997,08 . 9,81. 5=48906,77(N /m2 ) .

p sut tc dng ln thit b:

P=Plv + P tt =1470716,053+48906,77=1519622,823( N /m2 ) .

SVTH: on Anh o

39

 n 1
Khc Un

Do

GVHD:

[]
146,667.106
=
.0,95=91,69>50 , nn c th b qua P mu s ca cng
P
1519622,823

thc trn.
Chiu dy ca thp:
S th =

Dt . P
1,2 . 1519622,823
+ C=
+2,8. 103=0,00934(m) .
6
2[ ]
2 . 146,667.10 . 0,95

Chn Sth = 10mm.

Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
p sut th thy lc[4.358]:
Pth =1,25. P=1,25.1470716,053=1838395,044(N /m2 ) .

p sut th:
2

P0=Pth + Ptt =1838395,044+ 48906,77=1887301,814( N /m ) .

[ Dt +( SC)] . P0 = [ 1,2+(0,010,0028) ] . 1887301,814 =166,55.10 6 ( N /m2)

2. ( SC ) .

2. ( 0,010,0028 ) . 0,95

ch 240.10 6
=
=200.106 > =166,55. 106 :tha mn .
1,2
1,2

4.3. y v np v thit b.
Chn y v np thit b hnh elip c g, chu c p sut lm vic 15at.

Hnh 4.1. Quan h kch thc ca p elip.[4.381]

SVTH: on Anh o

40

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

hb =0,25. Dt =0,25 . 1,2=0,3( m) (tha mn iu kin hb <0,2. Dt =0,24 m ).

H s bn ca mi hn hng tm =0,95 .[4.362]

k =1

H s khng th nguyn:

d
0,1
=1
=0,917
.
Dt
1,2

(trong , d ng knh ln nht ca l khng tng cng, chn d=0,1.)

Do

[]
146,667.106
=
.0,95=91,69>50 , nn c th b qua P mu s ca cng
P
1519622,823

thc trn.
Chiu dy y v np:[4.385]
S =

Dt . P
D
. t +C .
3,8. [ ] . k . 2. h b
1,2 . 1519622,823
1,2
.
+ C=7,51.103 +C
6
3,8 . 146,667.10 . 0,917 . 0,95 2 . 0,3

(4.2)

S C=7,14. 103< 10.103 nn i lng b sung:

C = (2,8+2).10-3 = 4,8.10-3 m.
3
3
3
Suy ra: S =7,51. 10 + 4,8. 10 =12,31. 10 (m) .

Chn y v np dy 12mm.
Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
2
D t +2. hb . ( SC ) ] . P0
[
=

7,6. k . . hb . ( SC )

[ 1,22 +2 . 0,3.(0,0120,0048)] .1887301,814

7,6 . 0,917 .0,95 . 0,3 . ( 0,0120,0048 )

SVTH: on Anh o

=190,609.10 ( N / m ) .

41

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

c 240.10 6
=
=200.106 > =190,609. 106 :tha mn .
1,2
1,2

Chiu cao tng cng ca thp tnh c p v np:

H=H hd +2. h b+ 2h=H hd +2. hb +2.2 S .
5,5+2.0,3+2.2 .0,01=6,14( m) .

Quy chun: H = 6,2 m. Khi : h = 0,05 m.

Khi lng np v y[4.384]: m 2=2 .165=330(kg) .
4.4. Mt bch ni np v y thp.
Chn bch lin bng thp kiu I (bch ngoi) ni thit b hn, lm vic p sut
15at.

Hnh 4.2. Bch ni y v np (loi I).

Bng 4.1. Thng s k thut ca bch ni np v y vi thn hnh tr ca thp.
[4.421]
P . 106 Dt

D
Db
(mm (mm (mm)
(N/m2)
)
)
1,6 1200 1460 1340

DI
Do
(mm (mm)
)
1290 1219

Bulong
Db(mm
)
M36

h
Z (ci) (mm)
28

45

Chiu cao thn thp gm 11 a, khong cch gia cc a l 0,35m. t nh thp

xung, b tr 4-3-4 a c 1 cp bch, v 2 cp bch ni y v np vi than thp.
Vy tng s dng 4 cp bch.

SVTH: on Anh o

42

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

4.5. Ca ni ng dn vi thit b.
ng ni l on ng ngn c mt bch ni vi ng dn; p sut lm vic 1,47.10 6
N/m2 th chiu di on ng ni ph thuc vo ng knh ng. C 4 ca ni c gn
bch: ca chop ha lng vo- ra thp, ca cho pha kh vo- ra thp.

Hnh 4.3. Bch gn vi ca ni ng dn vo thit b.

a, Ca lng vo, ra:
V

467,16

x
Vn tc dng lng i trong thp: x = f ch = 0,103 .3600 =1,26 (m/ s) .

ng
d l=

knh

ng

dn

lng

vo

thp:

Vx
467,16
=
=0,362 ( m) .
0,785 . x
0,785. 1,26 . 3600

Quy chun:

d l=0,35 m .

Khi :

x =1,35 m/s .

C dl = 350 mm, nn c chiu di on ng ni l 150mm[4.434].

Bng 4.2. Thng s k thut ca bch ni ng dn lng vo- ra thp hp th[4.415]:
P . 106 Dy

(N/m2)

(mm
)

1,6

350

D Dl
ng D
Dn
(mm)
(mm)
(mm
(mm
)
)
377 540
470 438

b, ca kh vo,ra:

SVTH: on Anh o

43

Bulong
Db(mm
)

h
Z (ci) (mm)

M22

16

34

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Kh i trong thp ch yu qua cc l t a di ln a trn. Tc kh i trong

thp:
y=

V y 0,292
=
=4,87(m/s )
.
fl
0,06

ng knh ng dn kh vo thp:

Quy chun: dk = 0,3m. Khi :

d k=

Vy
0,292
=
=0,276(m) .
0,785 . y
0,785 . 4,87

y =4,13 m/s

C dk = 0,3m nn chiu di on ng ni l 140mm[4.434].

Bng 4.3. Thng s k thut ca bch ni ng dn kh vo- ra thp[4.414]:
6
P . 10 Dy

(N/m2)

(mm
)

1,6

300

D Dl
ng D
Dn
(mm)
(mm)
(mm
(mm
)
)
325 460
450 378

Bulong
Db(mm
)

h
Z (ci) (mm)

M22

12

4.6. Chn .
Chn vt liu lm chn l thp CT3.
Khi lng thn thp:
D 2nD 2t
m 1=V 1 . X 18 H 10T =
. . H . X 18 H 10 T .
4

(1,2+2. 0,01)21,22
. .5,5 . 7900=1651,68( kg) .
4

Khi lng ton thp: m th =m 1+ m2=1651,68+ 330=1981,68(kg) .

Khi lng nc nu in y thp:
D 2t
1,22
m H O= H O .V tr = H O . .
. H =997,08. .
.5,5=6202,19(kg) .
4
4
2

SVTH: on Anh o

44

32

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

Khi lng a: a dy 3,5mm bng thp X18H10T.

m =n . S . . X 18 H 10T =11 . 1,131. 0,0035 .7900=343,99(kg) .

Vy khi lng ti a ca thp khi lm vic:

m=m th+ mH O +m =1981,68+6202,19+343,99=8527,86(kg) .
2

tnh n cc chi tit ph tr, ta coi khi lng ti a ca thp l 8700 kg.
Trng lng ln nht tng ng ca thp: N = m.g = 8700. 9,81 = 85347(N).
Thit k chn c 4 chn, mi chn chu mt lc:
N 0=

N 85347
=
=21336,75(N )
.
4
4

Hnh 4.4. Chn thit b.

Bng 4.4. Thng s thit k chn .[4.437]

Ti
trng
trn
mt
chn

B
mt

F.104
2
G. 104(m )

(N)

Ti
trng
cho
php
trn
b
mt

q.10-6
(N/m2
)

SVTH: on Anh o

L
(mm)

B
(mm
)

B1
(mm)

45

B2
(mm
)

H
(mm)

h
(mm)

l
S
(mm
(mm)
)

D
(mm
)

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

25

85

20

350

500

46

300

250

200

350

0,50

541,87

2,1

SVTH: on Anh o

 n 1
Khc Un

GVHD:

V. KT LUN.
Qu trnh hp th H2S bng dung mi l nc c hiu sut tng i cao (85%) khi
lm vic iu kin 15at, nhng tiu tn mt lng dung mi cng tng i ln
(467,16 m3/h). Lng nc sau khi s dng cn c x l s b trc khi ti s
dng: ti tiu, v sinh nh xng,
u im ca qu trnh:
Hot ng tt trong mi trng n mn.
Dung mi hp th r, d tm.
Kt cu n gin, vn hnh thun tin.
C th kt hp ra kh, lm sch bi trogn kh thi.
Nhc im:
Nc hp th phi sch, trnh to cn trong qu trnh hp th.
iu kin lm vic p sut cao nn cn m bo an ton trong sut qu trnh vn
hnh.
Trn y l ton b tnh ton ca em v qu tnh hp th H 2S bng thp a l c
ng chy chuyn, dung mi l nc. i km n l bn v lp ca thp a l c
ng chy chuyn.
Trong qu trnh tnh ton cng gp mt s kh khn do a s cc cng thc tnh
ton l cng thc thc nghim, c nhng thng s vt l phi ni suy, nn kh c
th tnh ton mt cch chnh xc. ng thi, do hn ch v kin thc l thuyt cng
nh kinh nghim thc t, v cng l ln u tip xc vi n nn em khng th
trnh khi nhng b ng, sai st. Em rt mong nhn c s gip ca cc thy
c b mn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n.

SVTH: on Anh o

47

 n 1
Khc Un

VI.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

GVHD:

TI LIU THAM KHO

Trn Ngc Chn- nhim khng kh v x l kh thi tp 3.
Nguyn Hu Tng- K thut tch hn hp nhiu cu t- tp 2.
S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht- tp 1.
S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht- tp 2.
Nguyn Bin- Cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm- tp 1.
Nguyn Bin- Cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm- tp 4.

SVTH: on Anh o

48