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Chapter 6 Coding and Decoding

Refresher Material
Problems based on coding generally a pattern which could be either between a set of numbers or set of numbers or set of
alphabets etc. We illustrate this more by considering examples on possible coding schemes.
Series having a constant difference between any two consecutive terms find the next term of the series 5,7,9 ....... Answer is 11 as
difference between 7 and 5 is 2 and so is the difference between 9 and 7 hence next terms should difference from the previous
term by 2.
Series of power of numbers
Example
Find the next term in the series 4, 9, 16, 25, ............ here the first term is

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, next is

etc. hence next term should be

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Letter Series
If this type of coding scheme, the pattern is generated by skipping a few alphabets in the alphabetical series , at a regular internal.

Example
Find the next term of the series
A, C, F, K........ Here we skip one alphabet between A and C and then 2 alphabets viz
between f and k viz

between cdf and then 3 alphabets

and z . Hence we will skip alphabets between k and next term viz ,

and 0 to get p as the answer.

Coding using position number of alphabet in the alphabetic order. We present the alphabetic and assign number to them as follows

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10

11

12

13

18

19 20

24

25 26

14 15

16 17

21

22 23

Ex: - If 'word' is coded as 2315184 then how will 'simple' be coded as ?

Here we observe 'W' has been replaced by its position code that is by 23 similarly 'O' has been replaced by 15 therefore the word
'SIMPLE' will be coded as
S - 19, I - 9, M - 13, P - 16, C - 12, E - 5
Hence required code 1991316125

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Solved Examples
Relational problems
We start by listing the relational names of people
1. Husband's or wife sister - Sister's-in-law
2. Sister's husband - Brother's-in-law
3. Brother-'s wife Sister-in-law etc.
Question
1.
2.
3.
4.

Brother
Son
Father
Uncle

Solution
If X is the brother of Y
Y is the son of C
C is the uncle of D

X is male Y is male or Female

X is the son of C as X is the brother of Y

X is the son of D as X is son of C

Hence answer is option (2)

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Question
If x is the brother of Y , Y is the son of C and C is the wife of D , then how is A related to D ?
Summan told Ram - your father's wife's brother is my father's, how is Ram related to Summan ?
Solution
Ram father's wife is Ram's mother and brother of Ram's uncle . Therefore Summan is Ram's uncle's daughter will be Ram's
cousin.
Question
If 'SQUARE' is coded as 'QSAVER' then how is 'CIRCLE' codded as
Solution
Here we observe SQ has been replaced by QS VA is replaced by VA etc. Hence we are considering 2 letters of the given word at
a time and reversing the order . Therefore 'CIRCLE' will be coded as 'ICCREL' .

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