ahewar.

org

-

) (

)
... (


1 1 1 1.
)(
)( . .
. .

.
:
2.


.



.
)
( ...
(
The New Catholic 295
Encyclopedia, Volume XIV, p ).
Trinity)): 1



1

) . .(4 :6

:
:


. 1 325
) (
381 1
1
) 15
11. ( .928
:
Trinity
in Christian doctrine, the unity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as

three persons in one Godhead.

Neither the word Trinity nor the explicit doctrine appears in the New
Testament, nor did Jesus and his followers intend to contradict the
Shema in the Hebrew -script-ures: Hear, O Israel: The Lord our
God is one Lord (Deuteronomy 6:4). The earliest Christians,
however, had to cope with the implications of the coming of Jesus
Christ and of the presumed presence and power of God among them
i.e., the Holy Spirit, whose coming was connected with the
celebration of the Pentecost. The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were
associated in such New Testament passages as the Great
Commission: Go therefore and make disciples of all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the
Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19)-;- and in the apostolic benediction:
The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the
fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all (2 Corinthians 13:14).
Thus, the New Testament established the basis for the doctrine of the
Trinity.
The doctrine developed gradually over several centuries and through
many controversies. Initially, both the requirements of monotheism
inherited from the Hebrew -script-ures and the implications of the
need to interpret the biblical teaching to Greco-Roman religions
seemed to demand that the divine in Christ as the Word,-or-Logos,
be interpreted as subordinate to the Supreme Being. An alternative
solution was to interpret Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as three modes
of the self-disclosure of the one God but not as distinct within the
being of God itself. The first tendency recognized the distinctness

among the three, but at the cost of their equality and hence of their
unity (subordinationism)-;- the second came to terms with their
unity, but at the cost of their distinctness as persons (modalism). It
was not until the 4th century that the distinctness of the three and
their unity were brought together in a single orthodox doctrine of
one essence and three persons.
The Council of Nicaea in 325 stated the crucial formula for that
doctrine in its confession that the Son is of the same substance
[homoousios] as the Father, even though it said very little about the
Holy Spirit. Over the next half century, Athanasius defended and
refined the Nicene formula, and, by the end of the 4th century, under
the leadership of Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory
of Nazianzus (the Cappadocian Fathers), the doctrine of the Trinity
took substantially the form it has maintained ever since. It is
accepted in all of the historic confessions of Christianity, even
though the impact of the Enlightenment decreased its importance.
1
5
1

5 1



)
( !

: 1



.

.
( ..
Tom Harpur. ). For Christ s Sake
------------------------ :
(Oxford Companion to the Bible, ed. Bruce Metzger, OUP, 1993, p.
782).
"Because the Trinity is such an important part of later Christian
doctrine, it is striking that the term does not appear in the NT.
Likewise the developed concept of three coequal partners in the
Godhead found in later creedal formulations cannot be clearly
"detected within the confines of the canon
"
.
..
"

------------- :
(Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Intervarsity Press, Tyndale House
Publishers, 1980, part 3, p. 1).
"The word Trinity is not found in the Bible.... It did not find a place
formally in the theology of the church until the fourth century"
...

--------------------- :
(New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Vol. XIV, p. 304).
The Trinity "is not -dir-ectly and immediately the Word of God"

--------------- :
(The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1912, Vol. 15, p. 47).
"In -script-ure there is yet no single term by which the Three Divine
Persons are denoted together. The word Trias (of which the Latin
Trinitas is a translation) is first found in Theophilus of Antioch

about 180 AD.... Shortly afterwards it appears in its Latin form of

"Trinitas in Tertullian


.
Trinitas Trias
Theophilus of Antioch 180(
Trinitas . . . .
" Tertullian

" " ,



.... , ))

. ((




)( )(
)

) 1-
.(
) - - - - 1 2-
- 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 - -
. (
) - - - - 3-
. (
) - - - - 4-
-- - - - - -. - - (

" "
" ,
" : ,"..
:
" " ,

 ) , , ....(
!!."

.

)
) ,

(
)..

(
)

, ,(
..... .....
) ...

(
).....


) (

: (
)
:

.
. ...
. ...
. ...
. ... ) (
. ... ) (
. ...
. ...
. ...
. ...
...
..
... 37 12
9
. 51

.
.
.
.

...
...
...
...

...
.


)

. (
:
...
.
...
.
.
""
. .
.
...
...

 .
.

.


.
)= .(236


. :

.

)= (85
) - ( .
280.....



:
)= (
.
Dr. W Graham Scroggie
Moody Bible Institute

:
"
.


"..
17
It is Human, Yet Divine, W Graham Scroggie, p. 17

,
,

"
" . " "



: ,
1-
.
2-
.
"



.

 . " ) . ( 27 : 31



: 3-
.






:
:
5 : 34

:
:





:
:
: .
6 :

. :
7








:


:
: :
: :


.
8
:
.


:


:
:
9



:


:
:

:
:
:

:


: :

: :

: 10
:

:



:

.

.
",
" " ,
. ".
, 4-

) (

) (
.
5-


.
.

1753
1783 1780 . 1798 .
1834 1853
1941 .
.
) ,
.(
Pentateuch "
.

.

Pentateuch
".
. 4

The New Jerome Biblical Commentary, p.4

Divisions " Grolier
: "of the Old Testament
Pentateuch . "
J
950 . 750-900

EPHRAIM" (E). "

(Deuteronomy - D) . :

550
". (P)
Encarta:
) = teuch = enta( Pentateuch "


.
:
Origen
]
))) ((Pentateuch([ .

. .
:
)) - ((
Pentateuch -
Tyrannius St. Jerome
Rufinus.

 Pentateuch .
J(
Yahweh) Jehovah Jahwe
Elohiym). E(
Ezra -
) (P Pentateuch
". Pentateuch
Old Testament history
http://0-www.search.eb.com.library.u.article-73238
http://0-www.search.eb.com.library.u.article-73239
,

1.
2.
) - - - ( 1-
) "" ( 2-
) - -1 3- - 2
- - - -
. - -1 - 2 - - (
. ) - 1 4- ( 2

. 5-
. ) ( 6-

- - -
. " ) . (
)
.( ,"
New Testament literature > The Synoptic Gospels > The Gospel
According to Mark: background and overview
The Gospel According to Mark: background and overview ( article)73433
""
. ) (
"" ) ( ,
)( ) (
"" "" ) - ( ,
65-64
.
" "
""." " " "
" " ) (
12 "
. ) ( 14

 ) "" (
"" "" , ) (
! .
) "
(
" ) ( "
.
)The Gospel According to Mark ( article-73434
also called The Holy Gospel Of Jesus Christ According To St. Mark,
..It is attributed to John Mark (Acts 12:12-;- 15:37), an associate of
Paul and a disciple of Peter, ...
) ( ) 12:12 , ( 37 : 15
"" "" ,
.. ,
. 70
) (
"" "" . 90
"" "" , 50
". "
" "
- - -
. " ) . (

New Testament literature > The Synoptic Gospels > The Gospel
According to Matthew
)The Gospel According to Matthew ( article-73435
. ""
" " ) " (....
.
,
. 70 80
" "
, ""
"" " ,
"" , ""
"" .
). (
:
"
.
.


.
:
...

 .
"..
3 302
Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. 3, p. 302, Abingdon Press
" "
- - -
. " ) . (
)The Gospel According to Luke ( article-73436
"" ,
" " ""
"".
" "" "
. ""
"" " " ."
, "" ,
!! .
"." "" "
"" " " , ""
.
"" ) .
( , ,

) ( "" ) (
"".
"" 80 .

!!.
": ) (
.
)
( , ""

. )
(
)) (( ))
". ((
3 184
Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. 3, p. 184, Abingdon Press
) Gospel According to John ( article-73439
" "
,
.

". "" "

 ,
) --
(
.
,
"" ,"
100
) . (
,
:

:
:
:

: : :

. 24 :21
:

:
:


: :
:
:
: :
20 :21

: :
:
:
23 :13
))

:

:


:
: :
:
(( 26 :19

: :

:


:

:
: :
2 :20

.

 :
) 115-110 Ephesus
.
(100-95

R. H. Charles
John Robert Eisler Alfred Loisy
44 Agrippa : of Zebedee
.
,
.

.

"
:
".

932.
The Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, Volume 2, Abingdon Press,
p. 932
:
"
.

.
:

 ...
"" "" ] :2
[. ] :4
-11 :





- 54 :


[ ] :2

23

: :
[

.
:

:

. ] : - 22 :3
:
[


:

] - 23 :2
: :
[

. ] : - 1 :6
:
: : [

.

"...

374
The Oxford Companion to the Bible, Bruce Metzger and Michael
Coogan, p. 374
, , ) (
- ) , ,(

)Paul, the Apostle, Saint ( article-16092

"" .

.
"
.

. ,
.
": "
Martin Luther . "
Tertullian . Apollos
Barnabas..
: J. Rendel Harris Adolf Harncak
Prisca). ( Priscilla
Philips William Ramsey
.
Origen Eusebius
".


From the introduction to the King James Bible, New revised and

updated sixth edition, the Hebrew/Greek Key Study, Red Letter

Edition
) ( article-73459
""
((1






:
:

:


:

:


2
:
:

:

:
3 :
:
:
:

:
:
:
:
:
:

))4.

"
.
:
20:31

21:25

2:4 2



:

 :
) 1-
( ,
) 24000
...(.
) 2-
( )
,
, ,
. ( ...

!!.
"
: ,
. 24

, "
"" ""
3600 )
,. (

.

 .


.
( ]
: :
:


:

) ....
: :
[111
:

.

"" .
"
."


. .
.
) (


"" ""

.

.

 : ,
.
"
" .

:
.

.
)
( " " .
)
(. :
:
" " . :
:
: ).
,
.(

.
" " " ",

. ,
,

 .

: :

325 )(

. ,
) (

.
. :
364 .


.
.
.
397

.

)
( .

. 7



.
" Grolier
":
: "
.

.
.
27

.
.

27

" Vulgate.
:
: ) (
1-
72
.
2-

."
. 3-
. ) (

.
" " , "
!!. "

. 1611
". " " " "
) (
.
" " "
. "" "SVD
1881
, 32
50
" (KJV ). "
) "Revised standard Version" (RSV
.
)) ASV
" ) ( ESV
) ( ISV

.
"" "" "
LV NSRV "NASV
. NIV NKJ
" RSV "


" About the RSV ".
http://www.ncccusa.org/newbtu/aboutrsv.html

1901 )
( . ( " " , 1611
). RSV 1971

"
"

. 1536 "
). RSV 1971( .
" " .
" " 1535 " " 1537 "
" 1539 " " 1560 " 1568
" . 1582

...
) .... RSV 1971(
"
" . 1881 "

). RSV 1971( " , ....
, .
,"

, "
) RSV 1971( !!..
32 50
). RSV 1971( .

,


.
,
)
(
( .

). RSV 1971


). RSV 1971( " .
" ) ( ,
) (,

). RSV 1971( .

,
, ,
.

. ,
.

.
(
). RSV 1971

,
RSV( . "
1971).


) ( 1589 "
) , ( 1535 1516
). RSV 1971( .
"
"
. " "
,
" "
). RSV 1971( " .
) ) RSV
30 . 1952
) ( 1971
( . 1946
). RSV 1971

( . .
). RSV 1971
, ) (20 -9 : 16
) 53: 7 .( 11: 8

( .
). RSV 1971
, ) 19 : 22 - 20 -
51 : 24 ( ) ( 44-43 : 22 -

). RSV 1971( . , ) ( 39 : 12
,
) 34: 9 16: 3 4: 7
). RSV 1971( !. ......51 , 32 :24(.

) (

.

,
.
) ( - 892
942.
article-73198
) (

.

.

282. .
72

 . :
.) (
)
(


.
.
) ( )
. (
(
)
1801 1847
-
.

1854.
:


: :

29 .1865

13 1895 : 1
.


.
.
:
) (
. 1982
.1988 ) .
. (
,

,
.
5
.
. 1-
. 2-
. 3-
. 4-
. 5-
) 7 : 5 ( 1-

:
)) 7 : 5

:
.
((.

.


: : :
: :
: : :

 :
"" 1-
). -(
. 2-
) - ( - 3 -

:
]

:

[

.


: : :
: :
: : :
.
,
, ,
. ISV, ESV,ASV,....Etc ...

.

ISV
1Jo 5:7 For there are three witnesses1Jo 5:8 the Spirit, the water, and the blood-and these three are one.
1Jo 5:9 If we accept
, 5: 7
. , 5 : 8
....... 5 : 9
) ! (

 " ) (

,
.
:
) "7 :5
" (
711

The Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. 4, p.711, Abingdon

Press
: "
] [7 :5 ))

: : :
: :
:
: : :
:
((

"
871

The Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. 4, p.871, Abingdon

Press
] [7 :5 "
Textus Receptus

 ))
((

".
1020
The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary, Edited by Allen C. Myers, p. 1020
: : ] 2- [16 :3
:


: : ] 2- [16 :3
:


) (KJV
Joh 3:16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten
Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have
everlasting life.
: :


:
:



:



: :
:

:
: :
.


: :
,.

(




16 : 3
:
:
)
: :
,
.... ,

 .
Joh 3:16
. ,
(ASV) For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten
Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but have
) ( eternal life.
) ( .
. )(ISV
(ESV) "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that
( whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.
)
(ISV) "For this is how God loved the world: He gave his unique Son
so that everyone who believes in him might not perish but have
) ( eternal life.
. 9: 16 20 : 16 3-
] ,[20-9 :16
,
" 8 : 16
, 20 : 16 9
!!. 20
" ,
.


http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark+16
:
, ) (20 -9 : 16 "
) 53: 7 8
.( 11:
( ".
). RSV 1971
http://www.ncccusa.org/newbtu/aboutrsv.html
)) article-73434
(verses 920 are commonly held to be later additions), and Mark
thus remains an open-ended Gospel.
20 : 9 ,
!!.
Peake s Commentary on the Bible
:
20-9 : 16 "
.
.
Ariston
Papias (ap.Eus.HE III, xxxix,
"15).
:

 8 :16 "
.
.

.

".

496.
The Oxford Companion to the Bible, Bruce Metzger and Michael
Coogan, p. 496


!!
(

::

19 :16

:



).

12
!Mark 16:9-20 REMOVE ENTIRE LAST 12 VERSES of Mark 16
NI, NAS, RS, NRS, LB, NC
9 : 16 20 : 16
:

NI New International Version

NAS New American Standard Version

RS Revised Standard Version

NRS New Revised Standard Version

LB The Living Bible
4-

!!



:
(1





16 : 3


:

::

:
:

:




:

(.(svd ).
:



:
". "

(1


16 : 3


)) :
:
: ,

,
,

: ,
((.



. : ,

 " . "

)) , (1


16 : 3



: :

:


(( ). (
:
:
, ) (
( NI, NAS, RS, NRS, LB
).

) ( ,
"
." !!. ,
] )) [11 :8 35 :7 (( 5-


3036
)
: (
, 656 , 567
". , 791 1022
The Differences Between Sinaiticus and Vaticanus in the Four
Gospels:

Matthew 656+
Mark 567+
Luke 791+
John 1022+
Total 3036+
in the Gospels alone. Hoskier. Codex B., Vol. 2, P. 1.
. - - 1-

13
:

,"
"
,

!!
,
, , ,
.

,

!. ,

" ,
!! ,
,


, "
, "
"
.
,
!.

,
!.

,
!.
:
) ( 26:13
).
,
" " )

. (
"
,
" .

1:9 (
)
,


!!



50

....
!!

!!



" "


" ".
"
" - -
" " "325" "
"

. ""

"" "
"
" "
" "
.



"
". -1

" " -
-
""

 -2. " "

"" "" "" ""-
-"" "" "" "" -3.
"" "" ""
"" "" "" ""
"" "" -4. " "
"" "
" " " ""
" " " "
"" "" "" ""
"" .

. " " -1 " " " "28

- - ""
" "
" -2."10/3
" " ) (37 ) (38 ) (41 ) (43 ) (48 )
(61 ) (62 ) (63 ) (64
) (85 ) (105 -3.
: " " ""


""

"" -4.
" "

"" )

420(
-5.
"" " "
- ""
"" "" )
(600 ) (612
" ". ""
"" ""

-
""
)" (9/9
""
" . ""
" " -.
"" )
70( " "
" "
""
"" "" " "
" ". " "
- " " "


". " " -1 " "


) (16

"" ""
-2.
) (39 ) (75 -3.


""
"" -4. : ""
- -
"" "". " "
" " )" (39

" -5. "" "
" " "25-12/12
" " "
" "

""

" -6. " "
9 - 20
-
) (110
)180( " " " "
).(11 " " -1 )(24

 -

- " "
""
" " ) (350
) (661 -2.
) (53 ) (80 -3.
""
"" " -4."4/14 " "
"


-
- -
". ""
- -

""

" " "" -5.
""
"" " - "1/1
-
" - -
" .
. " " -1


) (21
" "

 -2. ""
""
"" -3. " "

"
" " "
"" "
" "4/13
" " "13/73
"
.

" " -4.
" "


" " "" "21/24
"


-5.
) (68 ) (98
" " "
" )44( " "
" " " " -6.
" "

"" " " "

""
" " "
"".
"".
" " . "

".-1



--


-2.

" " " " "230

"
"" " " -3.
" "


.

 .
" " - " -
".



.


- - .
" " "15-1/14 :
:

". " "

"" "8/35
". " "26/13
" :
-
- ".
" "

""
)62( ""
- - )65( ""
"
"8-1/6 " -9/12
."14 " "


" "

. " -
"
) (
:
) (1/1 ) (2/3
:
)1
) ( )2
)3
)4
)5
)6
)7
) (2/4 ) (2/25
:
)1
)2
)3
)4

 : :
)
1 :
: :

:
:


: :

:



: :

:
:

) (. (1/29

:
) :




:


: :

:

:





:

( ) (2/5






) (5-3 /1
) (1/14

) (26-1/24
) (7-2/1

) (27 1/11
) (9 7-2/4

) (19-1/14
) (25/5

"




: :

:

.





:






. :
:



"

:
:
:

:




" .

:
") (27-1/25

. :


:
:
. :
:

:

"
:
:

 :
:

:

:





:
") ( 19 7-2/1



:
:


" 120
. " ) ( 6/3
" 950
") (9/29
) (26-11/10

" " ) (1/17
" " ) (15/15

: :






"

:
") (3 /2



:

)".. /40



" :
:


(28

" ) (9 : 3
" " ) (3 /15

" " 9 : 16
" ") (5 : 11

" " ) : 139
(3
" :

) (21-18/20

120 )- (3 : 6
950 ) (29 : 9
) (26-11/10

- 3 : 15
20 : 13

) " " 17 /3
" " ) (20/26

7 : 3 (-
) 3 : 5
) 2 : 11

) 35 : 12

) 22 : 12

1



:



"

:
:

: ") "(3-2/ 1


:

:
: :
:



:

") (3/1


: :
:
"


:
:
: . : :
) " . (14-21/13


.
:
:
: :

" 5 : 20 -
"
" 7 : 34
"
" 9 : 5
"
20 : 18


). (33-11/32
) . (6 /21
) . (10/11
1). (12-5/6
" : : " ) (33 /3
" " ) (5 /8

" ") 40 (7/17
" ") 150
(7/24
" 10
") (8/5
" ) 7
(8/4


) ( ) (4/2
)
() (4/20

)
(10-31/7
)
(6-6/1

") 667"(7/18





: :
") 666"(2/13





: :
)(
) (1/5 ) ) (20/22 70(46/27
) 75(7/14

" 50
")2 (24/24
" 600
")1 (21/25

"
)) ((") (22/14
"
. ))(( ") (6/3

 )2 1)(25/17 18 (7/15
)2 35 (3/15

) (14/14
) (14/12

400

"

1
:

" )






: :
: :
:
:
)(15/13 (7/6

430

:



" :
) ". (12/40




)2 800 (/24
)1 (21/5
)(

. ) 2 500 (9:24
) 1 470 (21/5

)1 13 (14
)2 5 (6

: : ") 2"(6/19
.. :



:

"2
: :



..



: .
:") (9-7/8
:
"7





:


:

 : ") (7/2

) 1700(2 8/4
) 7000(1 18/4

)2 4 (9/25
)1 40 (4/26

:
) 420(1 9/28
) 450(2 8/18
??

: :
:
"

:

:

:

")2 (36/1


: :

:
" :
:

:



:

]



:") (22/11

1) 3 (15/33
1)26 (8 16/1
2)36 (16/1 10
!!



.



:
" :

:
") (58/10

") (24/17
:

:
:
" :

 .

:

1

: :
:
:
".

: :
: :


: :
: : :
: :
) (42-38: 29

:



: :

: :

:
"

) ". (22: 7

"

1
:
:








.
: : :
: : :

.
:

:
:
:

:

,


:
: :
:










: : :

: .
:
:
:
:
1) ". (6-31/4

"

: :


..

:
: : 2) ".. (10-1/9


:
:
. :

)1 2000 (7/26
)2 3000 (4/5

") 175"(2/5
") 152"(7/10

" 2812


:


:
:
:

:

 " ) (2/6

"2818


:



:
:
:

:
") (7/11


: " ) 845 "(7/13


:


:

: ) ". 945 "(2/13
:




:

") 642"(2/10
") 648"(7/15

")123"(11-2
") 128"(7/16

: " ) 1222"(2/12



:


: ") 1322"(7/17




:
:


")666"(13-2-
" ) 667"(7/18

") 2056"(2/14
" ) 2067"(7/19

") 454 "(2/15
:


:

:
") 655 "(7/20






:


:

" ) 323"(2/17

 ") 324"(7/23

: ) ". 328 "(7/22



:


:

:
: ) ". 223 "(2/19




:

:

" ) " + (21-2 "179
") (2/22
) " 188"7/26

: ") 223 "(2/28








:
: ) ". 123 "(7/32









:

" ) 725"(2/33
" ) 721"(7/37

) 3630"(35-2
")3930"(38-7-

" ) 128"(2/41
") 148"(7/44

")"652
(2/60
") 642"(7/62

 " ) 200 "(2/65

" )" 245
(7/67
) (2/64) (7/66
42.360


. ) 29.818 - (2:64
. ) 31.089 - (7:66

" " ) 24 (25/9
" " )1 23
(10/8


) 100 (2/69
) 530 (7/70
)(
"
.
1)" ... (28/6
"
. .
")1 (10/14


) )(6/5 1)(13/5 (1/11


" ")1 (11/14

)2 11 (16 -5/14
)1 13 (7-14/4

"
2. ) ".. (1/1
"
") (21/25

:



"
: :
: : :
:

: ::

:


:
:

") (12/6



:
: :
: :

.

:
:
:
:
"

")1 " (3/10








:
:
")1 (8/15
(
"
")2 (36/6
)
(22/19

")1 (30/7 23/6 22/20

:
" :
" " )2 1)(8/17 (24/6 18/16

 )2 (13/2
)2 1)(11/20 (15/2
)2 (14/27

: :
: :







" :
:
:
:")1 (15/8

: .
" ..
:


")1 (15/2
:
:
: :


.
:
: :
"



: .






")1 (10-15/9
:
:
: :


.
:
: :

) (40-10/23
) (15/63

"
") (3/35

") )(11/13 10/24

:
"
1 (1/18

" ) (13 : 29
" ) (23/3
)1
(12/25
65) (7/8
3)2 (18/9 17/6

 ) .. ()
(13-8/11
) )(9/3 (
) .. (
) (5-11/3
!
" ) (2 24/1
" .
" ) ( 1 21/1
" .

43 )1 (16/23
38 )1 (16/28

" .
") (33/17
"
)".. (33/21

" ")
2 ( 24/6
" .
)".. (36/30

) (52/31
)2 (25/27

 ) (
)2 (25/8
) (52/12
) (
)2 (25/19
) (52/25
!
" )2 " ( 18 /10
")1 " ( 18 :19
!
"42

: .



:


:

:
:
: :
") 2 ( 22/2
:
"22

: .


:

:

:
:
: :
") 2 ( 26/ 8
:

"12




:

:")2 (8/25


:



:

"11





:

:")2 (9/29

")2 "(9/27
")2 "(22/9


"


:

:





:
:
:
:

 2 )".
:




:
:
:
: .
(23/8
"
:



:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1)".
:

:

:
:
: .
(11/11
!
")2 " ( 9/25
" )1 " ( 4/26



"

:
:


:

: :

:


:



: :


: :

:

:
: :
:

:

:

:
. : : : :




:

:
)". (40-38 /31


:
.




"



:
:
:
:
.


:

:
: : :
:



:
:



: :) " .
:

:

:

:

(29-28 :32 ) (31 :32) (5-4: 33) (3-34/2)
(34/22) (37/8
!
" 7
") 2 ( 24/13
" 3
1 )" ... ( 21/11
!




:







"


") ( 26/5


") ( 26/4



:







" :


) () (2/15
) () (11/27

) (19/11
) (15-4/10

) ( 38 /33 20/28
) (6 /10

) (42-33/41
) (7 -10/6


) (31-21/30
)
(26/33

)2 (24/20
) (23/35

40 )2 700 (10/18
40 )2 7000 (19/18


) (47/31
) (11/21

) 3300(1 5/16
) 3600(2 2/2

) 550 (1 9/23
) 250(2 8/10

)2 (25/17
) (52/22

" 18
.. .
. " )1
(7/15
" 35
..
")2
(3/15

7 " ")1 /6
( 38
6 6 ) (15-14 /6
" )) 46








-


.
:
.
.
.
.
78.
. 57
. 41 .
. .

:
. .
.

) ( 179



" "
""



" "

Matthew Henry
3/23






.
)
( .

 .
.

.

) 1
( 68



.
)) ((
)) (( .
. .



.
.

. )) ((
)) ((
(
) 224225



)) ((
)) ((

)) (( )) (( )) ((
)) (( ?? . )) ((
)) ?? (( )) ((

) (( )) ((
)) (( )) (( )) ((
)) (( . )
(







) ( ) 1490(
.
.
.

 :

)1 ... :
( . .

. ) (27:1 :

THE HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS


Augustin, Harmony of the Gospels. Book II.Chapter III



.
:



.

.
"


.
.
. " ) (6 5 : 25





.
) (
.
:
"
:

- -
.
" .
.
.
.

.


.
...
...
...
.
) - 7 ( 19




,

..

: .. ..

..

:

1.
.



.

 .
. .
.
. 64 37
.
.

155
" .
"
200
.

.
.
.
.
: ) 420 (
" "
.
"
:
. " .
"


. .



.

.

,
,
.

.

.
))) 1 : 1 (((
. 564-
.
75 44
:
" . "
180

 .
. .
.
) 140 (
:
"

1.
: ) (
1-

) 21 :1 28 6 :2 23 :3 5 :4 27 2 :5
3 52-46 :7 7 :9 22 :10 23 18 :11 28 :18 .(31 :19
.
2-
) .(14 :1
) 37 :1 11 :2 17
27 :4 54 2 :9 16-8 :11 6-4 :12 22 :21 26-23 :13
15 :18 26 :19 27 35 .(8 :20 24 :21
.
)) (( ) 3-
23 :13 26 :19 2 :20 7 :21 20 21
.(24 :21.


: ) (

.

.

.


.

"


".



.
) ( 2
) (
) ( 23 : 21
.
) ( 3
.


..



) ( 14
:
((
)) .

 .

:
((
)) .

.




.

"" 21 : 12
"
.
: 10
"10 .


" 19 : 1

".
". " 18 : 2

" 10 : 5 .
".

3





.
" 21 : 1
".
" 21 : 3 .
"
" 47 : 8

".

" 23 : 4
..

 " 5 : 14
. ".

" 32 : 11 .
".
" 2 : 14
"



)
. (

)
) .(

 .
)
(

.
17 9 9



35 : 9
" "
) : 20
(31
. ) (

.


) 21
. (


.

.

.
.

"" .
" "
"

".





) (
.

 .







.
" "


. 5


:
)95( (1)-

:
" ) (1:43 ) " (28:12"
" " ) " (3:17

 ) 100( (2) -


"

. .
" ) (17:12 )
" (14:3
" .
(3) -

) " (1:7

" ) " (19:5
"
)145-100( (4) -
"

. " ) : 9
( 7 ) " (6:14 .
" .
:

:
) (
:
.
.

) ( ) (
.


) 98 117 (
)

. (



.


.


.
) ( Pap. Egerton 2 2



. 150
:







:




.


.
.

:

: 2
And when they where perplexed at the strange question, Jesus, as he
walked, stood on the lip of the Jordan river, stretching out his right
hand, filled it with (...) and sowed upon the (...). And the (...) water
(...) the (...). And (...) before them, he brought forth fruit (...) much
)(...) for joy (...
) ( Papyrus Egerton 2:Fragment 2 Recto
:
(
) (... ) (... ) (...

(...) ). ) (... ) (... ) (...



... ) (






.




.

) (38-37 34 31:18 ) : P 52 ( 52
1935
. 117 135


.



.

 ) ( 52

. ) ( 165 110 100
) (

.



:
.

.

) 165 110 (





.

 : (

) .
-

" "
.

. ) (










.
-


130 " " "
" " " " " " " "
" " "
.

. :



:









) ( 202 - 140
..

 )
. (



.
:
:







..

)

(
:
(
( .



...



:
Judas walked about in this world a sad example of impiety-;- for his
body having swollen to such an extent that he could not pass where a
chariot could pass easily, he was crushed by the chariot, so that his
bowels gushed out.
( ,


, :
) ) ( Fragments of Papias - chapter 3
:


"
" . ( Irenaues A.heresies, Book
5 , ch:33 ) .



) 5 : 27 -
. - . (
) 18 : 1 - -

(
:




.




: .

 ...


) ( 22

) ( 57 : 8
) (


.





)


( 23 : 3
.

) ( 340

:
(
) .
Accordingly the whole time of our Saviour s ministry is shown to
have been not quite four full years





:
, (
,
. ,
,

,

, - -
) .
) ( 1706 ) : 8
( 57
.

) ( 57 : 8
. ) ( 33 30




.

.


....








.

.

:

:



.

.




.

. " ) 3 ( 2:23
:

: 22
(

) . .
:
And all the elders that associated with John the disciple of the Lord
in Asia bear witness that John delivered it to them. For he remained
among them until the time of Trajan
) (

22 )
(

 22


( )
.


.

( )
:
On completing His thirtieth year He suffered, being in fact still a
young man, and who had by no means attained to advanced age.
Now, that the first stage of early life embraces thirty years, and that
this extends onwards to the fortieth year, every one will admit-;- but
from the fortieth and fiftieth year a man begins to decline towards
old age, which our Lord possessed while He still fulfilled the office
of a Teacher, even as the Gospel and all the elders testify-;- those
who were conversant in Asia with John, the disciple of the Lord,
[affirming] that John conveyed to them that information. And he
remained among them up to the times of Trajan. Some of them,
moreover, saw not only John, but the other apostles also, and heard
the very same account from them, and bear testimony as to the
[validity of] the statement. Whom then should we rather believe?
Whether such men as these,-or-Ptolemaeus, who never saw the
apostles, and who never even in his dreams attained to the slightest
trace of an apostle?
,
.
. .

 .
. .
.
. .
.
:

.
" "Theophilus 3 -
)
) 170(
.
"
. (
:

"Autolycus"
: :
:

.

:

:

) (
"

".
"


165 )(
.
"

 ,
.
) (21 .

"
".

) - 374
377 (
. " " ) (


".

) (
165 - -
.

.
"

".
"
" "

 ".
"

....


".


.

"
. " ) ( 4/13


44



) (


: 23
22
. .
. 23
.

22
: 35 : 19
35
.

"

".
"
".
"


..

".

 "

".
"
".
" "
.

" "
) (
.
" "
)
. (

"

.. ".

"


"




.
" "
"

"(9) .
"

".

"

"(11) .


"
31-20/30 ..
".

" : "


) (
) (
.


.



"
247


"




"
".
"

".

!!!!!!
56 : 6

.
54
.
. 55
56
.
57
.




.
:


. 60
.






.
.




:
.
. .






!!!!!! .


:
11
.





.
". "
)
: (
. . 4




.

.


10 3 : 8
..



4
. 16
. 17
.
. 18
.
. 19
" "

:
. . 29



"
" .


.

" 29 -28 : 5
.
.
".


" 32 : 5
" .



tamersalafy
1.
)(

492

 ""


...

)(
) -22
(24:
((





)).



! - -


" " -

...


...

:
:
: 15-1 146
" )(( (1
"
" )(2
"
" )(3

) (4 ]
" [
" )(5
"
)(6

)(7
"
" )(8


)(9


) (10
) (11

 ) (12
) (13
) (14 )(15
)).

:
: 10-4
" ((






" " "
"

"
) (
: 18-13
((
"
"
"
"

"
"
! ")).
:
: : "

:







:


:


:

: :
" ::
:
.. _

??
( New International Virgin
)NIV

.


823
. 60
"
(NIV)"



4: 1


- -

1 : 1

) (SVD
..
!!

...


: ...
1-
.
2-
.. ... ...
... ...
3 -

...




" "

.... ...
. ) (
" 4 -
"

5 -


200


.

"

" ) (

.
300-150 " "

.
) (NIV
:

" " 20-9: 16
:




.










:



:



: .
: : :
: :

:
: .
:

:
:

.






:
:

.
: :
:



:

:

.
: :
:
:



:
::

1
:


: .

: :

:

: .

:




:


:
:
: :







:


.

:
: .

:

:

:

: :

:
.

:
: :

:

: :
:
: :
:

:

".
.
"



(NIV)"

,
,
70 1837 ,

 ,
,
,
(( , ))

(( .
.






.


.

" )(NIV
" ""

.




.




.
..
1.

.
2.

.
3.

u .
61

.

"


(NIV)"




..

) ....(2024 7: 21 2: 20 26: 19 23: 13

"
" ... ....
.

" "
.
.

.1989
. 287

.


..
..
"

.

:
(

" ) (
"""

""


:
_
_
) .
: ..
(

:
- )(
..

 .
- ) (21 .

:
31

:
: :
:
:
:
:



. : :

)( )(


23 : 21


).

..
:


.
)( )
" " ""
. (

98
.. u




!!! 65



" "

.
) (
205 1844 .

37 . 98

,

) ( ,
,
,

,
: New York , :B.H.Streeter The Four Gospels 1
1961 , P. 430 - 456..

: F. C. : The Gospels , Their Origin & Their Growth 2

. : Faber & Faber , London , 1957 Grant
. 13 John 3
" " 4
).( 141 ).157 (
" " 5
1 154 ) .167
. ... . .(

.. ..
.
) (

)


. (


... .. 381
280 ... 15

:
:: :
: :
26 :

:


. :
:

 26 ...
.
26 But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you
from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the
Father, he shall testify of me:


... 381

u ...
"
:
) (
)(
u
11
.)(208

41 60 )
. (18

..


! ..

"

(NIV)".
.
.

) 49 1: 1 " (8 :22
" - - "

325
Eusebius
" "
" "

" " " "

.

Dionysius

" "

 " " (NIV)".

" " .

. Eusebius Cerinthus
HTC p. 88,89,240-243 Mack WWNT p.288
..







.


.






) 2000-1800 ( 7: 22


:

: :
1.

.:




.

:
" 8: 20

:

: :

:

: :
:
:



. :




" 1: 39


:

:
:
:
:

:
:
. " 2-1: 38

:









,
:
:

. :





.

.
"

"
.

 .

.
.
.


.

)(







.
,
,
) (
))
: (( ,
) (
))

 ,
,
((

"
(NIV)".
" ) ("






.

) (1: 1 "
(NIV)".



-




11 12-11: 2

:

: : . :
: : :
: :
: : :


:
:
:
:




:
.


:





:
39-36: 15




.



" 30-25: 7

:









.
: .:











:

:

:


:


:

:
:

.
.

: :

:
:

.
: :



.
:
:
:

. :

:
: . :

:
:
:

: : :
:

:

:
: :
:
:
:

: :
.




.




.

. ) (



.

"
) (1: 1

". (NIV).


-150
300



.

"

").(NIV

.

"

(NIV)".

, 1- ,
, , ,
,

,

.

.
, 2-
, , , , ,
,
, ,
, ,
850 .
.
, 15/63 8-5/6
26-10/23 15/8 18/28

15/63
)) : :
(( .
) (

 .


.47 :19 )
.( 26 :24 23 24
. ) .( 33 :24
.
) .( 13 :10
.
, 3-
) ( , ,
,
.
, 4-
) ( ,
205 ) (
1844 ,
1819
. (( ,
, 5-
,

, 12/22
,
380. 336. , 330.

 ,
6-


. ,
, 7-
1865 ,:
) 90 ( ,
72 , 27 89 ,
,
,
, , , , ,
, , ,


, , , , , , ,
,
.
8-
30/1 31/1

29-25

270 ,
.

 , 9-
,
, ,

:
,
:
. :
, 10-
) (
,
:
:
, : ,

.
11-

, ,

, 1844
1865 , ,
,
13 , 14 19
.
. 12-
52 13-
51 ) ( ,

 ,
.
14-
66

,
.
. 15-
. 16-
..... 17-
18-
1.


" "
13 1970

" "
" "
. )(1
)(

 ..

.




.

..
.
" "

" " ) (2
2006


""...

. 13
" "

. )(3
:


. 325



.
"


. "" ")(4

. :

.


.....



.
"
...


") (5

"
. ")(6




.
" "

.

" "
. " "
:
.

. :
:




.


.

) ( .



) (7 )
(8.


. )(9
" " 1945 : "
" 52 13
. " "
.
" "

!

Gnosticism ( ) CARM (10
") "


.

" CARM
"

"
: . ")(11

 ) (12
.
) (13


325
.




.

"
" " "



.


.

" "

" "
.
.
)
""
"" (
. )(14


...

.


..

)(

"

...


. ")(15



)(






. )(157

"

")(16

"
.. ")(17


) (


.




.
"
"


"

. ")(18




.



.. 2006-4-16

" "

. )(19




.. )(20



) (21

!



"" "
"...


.


.)(22
1.
(
..
::
: 1-
.
2-
.
3-

!! ..
:
4-
.... ,
!! ...

 : ,
] [1]
!![2 ..
: : ,
.


:
: ,

!.
:
, : : "

:
, :

,
:
:
:
)

, :

(
.
In the Gospel that the Nazareans and Ebionites use, which I recently
translated from Hebrew into Greek, and which most people consider
the authentic version of Matthew, the man with a withered hand is
described as a mason, who sought for help in words like these: I
was a mason who made a living with my hands-;- I beseech you,
Jesus, -restore- my health so I do not have to beg for food
]shamefully.[3
: ,

:
: , : :

:
,

: ] [4

:
:
..!! ...

35 : 23 ..
) ( "
,
:
". ) (
In the Gospel the Nazareans use, we find son of Johoiada instead
]of son of Barachia.[5
16 : 27
..

" "

"
)( :
:
".
The name of that one (i.e., Barabbas) is interpreted to meanson of
]their masterin the Gospel written according to the Hebrews. [6
51 : 27
:

, ) "
(
" :

In the Gospel we have often referred to, we read thatthe enormous

]lintel of the temple was broken and split apart.[7
:
"
" " , " :
:
:

" " " " " :
In the Gospel that is called according to the Hebrews, for the
words, bread to sustain our lives I found the wordmahar,which
]means[bread] for tomorrow. [8

:

, : "
, :

,
:
, :
, :
"
: .
: : :

. :



:
: :


: :
"
In the Gospel according to the Hebrews, which was actually written
in the Chaldean-or-Syriac language but with Hebrew letters, which
the Nazareans still use today and which is the Gospel according to
the Apostles, or, as most believe, according to Matthewa Gospel
that can also be found in the library of Caesareathe following
story is found: Behold, the mother of the Lord and his brothers

were saying to him, John the Baptist is baptizing for the remission
of sins. Let us go and be baptized by him. But he replied to them,
What sin have I committed that I should go to be baptized by him?
Unless possibly what I just said was spoken in ignorance.[9]

:

" )
,

, :

, :
,
:
,
(
: , : :
: " .
And in the same volume the following is found: [Jesus] said, If
your brother sins by speaking a word against you, but then makes it
up to you, you should accept him seven times a day. His disciple
Simon said to him, Seven times in a day? The Lord responded,
Yes indeed, I tell youeven up to seventy times seven! For even
among the prophets, after they were anointed by the Holy Spirit, a
word of
sin was found.[10]
_______________________________
..

:

" )
: :
: ,

 ( )) :
" " :: "
" "
,
:
: " "
,
" ,
, "
: ,
:
.,

:

:

:
, , :

" ,


(( "
:
:
:
It is written in a certain Gospel that is called according to the
Hebrews(if in any event anyone is inclined to accept it, not as an
authority, but to shed some light on the question we have posed) that
another rich man asked [Jesus], Master, what good thing must I do
to have life? He replied to him, O man, you should keep the law
and the prophets. He responded, I have already done that. Jesus
said to him, Go, sell all that you have and distribute the proceeds to
the poor-;- then come, follow me. But the rich man began to scratch
his head, for he was not pleased. And the Lord said to him, How
can you say, I have kept the law and the prophets? For it is written
in the law, You shall love your neighbor as yourself. But look,
many of your brothers, sons of Abraham, are clothed in excrement
and dying of hunger while your house is filled with many good
things, not one of which goes forth to these others. He turned and
said to his disciple Simon, sitting beside him, Simon, son of Jonah,

it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a
]rich person to enter the kingdom of heaven.[11
_____________________________
..
::
1-
. ....
2-
:
!! .. :
... : :
3-
!!! ... :

... .. 30 -14 : 25
"


,


:
,


:
:

, ,

:

" ,

:
:
:
:
:
:
[Cf. Matt. 25:1430] For the Gospel that has come down to us in
Hebrew letters makes the threat not against the one who hid the
(masters) money but against the one who engaged in riotous living.
For [the master] had three slaves, one who used up his fortune with
whores and flute-players, one who invested the money and increased
its value, and one who hid it. The first was welcomed with open

arms, the second was blamed, and only the third was locked up in
]prison. [12

: :

, "
)( :
: ,
" ,
"
But [the Lord] taught about the reason for the division of the souls in
the houses, as we have found somewhere in the Gospel used by the
Jews and written in Hebrew, where he saysI will choose for myself
those who are good those given to me by my Father in heaven.
][13
The new testament , an overview


: ...
1-
2-

3-
4-

 ,
.
,
,
,
. ,
:
:
- ....
,
.
:

,
,
.
,
,

.

...
,
,


-
,
, ""
, , ,
,
....

.....
, .....
.
,
, ,

.
:
,
,

,
.
:
: ,
-

 :
#
, ,
, , ,

#
"" deutro-pualine epistles
, ,
, , ,
.........
,
, ,
. ...
#

,
,
.

....
...
...
.

 - ,




.
:

,

.
:
,
, ,
, ,
,
,
.
1.
:

,
,

 ,
.

,
,

,
,

" " , ,
,
,
.
, ,
,
" " ,
,
,
,
,
, ,
,
, ,
,
.

 , ,

,
,
,
,
,
,
, ,

.

,
,
,
,
.

, ,
,


.

, .

 ,
,
,

, .


,
,
.
,
,

- -
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
.

,
,
.
, ,

 , ) (
,
,
. - -
, ,
,
.

.
,

. ,
,
.
,
, ,
,
.

, ,

,
,
,

 .
,
,

, ,
,
, ,
.
,

,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
, ,
.

 ,
, ,
.
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
,

, , ,

,
,
,
. ,
,
,
,

. -

 - ,

,
.
, ,
"
" " , " " , " ,
. ,
,
,
,
, ,
,
,
.

,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,

 , -
- ,
, ,

,
,

.

,
, ,
, ,
,
,
,

, ,
. ,
,

,
, ,
.
, ,
, ,

 ,

. ,
,
, ,
.

,
,
, ,

.
,
.

, ,
.
, ,
. ,
" " ,
" ,
, " ,
) ( ,

 ,
.

,
,
, ,
,
,
.
, , -
-
, " " ,

, ,
, .

,
" "
,
,
,
" "
.
,
, " "

 , ,
,

.
,
,

. ,
.

, ,
- - ,
,
, ,
,
,
, ,
,
.
) , ( 9
,
,
,
.
, " "

 , " "
.
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
, . ,
, ,
,
,
.

,
, ,
,
, ,

,
.

,
,

 ,
,
.

, ,
- -
, ,
.


. "


" .

,

,
. ,
69-68 ,

, " "
,
, .

 , 18
.
,
, , ) 64 (
, , ,
,

.
- - ,
64 - 62
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
, , ,
, ,

.

 ,
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
,

.

,
, ,

" " ,

, ,
.
,
, ,
,
, .

,
.

 ,
. ,
,
.
,
,
" " "
" ,
.
" " ,
" " ,
. ,
, ,
,
,
,
, ,
, ,
,
.

apotheosis
,
, " "

 ,
. " " ,
,
.

, -
, .
, ,
, ,
" ,
, , " ,
" " " " ,

.

,

.
.
.
-
-

.
,

 ,
, ,
,
,
, ,

.
,

.

,
,

,
,

,
, ,
-
- ,
.
, ,
,
.

 ,
,
.

,
,
, , ,
,
.
,
,
,

.
,
" " , "

" .
, .

, ,

, ,

,

 ,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,

,
,

.
,

,
,
,
.
) "( 24-2
, " ,

) " (28 -3
" ,

 .

,
, ,
, ,
- -
,
.

, ,
,
.
,

. ,

.
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
, .

 ,
) ( ,
) ( 13
,
. ,

.
,
,
.
" ,
, "
) . ( 26-3 , 4-4
, ,

, ,
, "
,
" ,
, "
" . ,

, ,

,


.
)
( , ,
) 11-9 , 40-10 , 12 -9
. ( 8-11 , 23

,
,
. ) 17-8 , 18 ( 19-9

, ,

,
, ,
) 32-8 , 33 -9
, 32 14 - 2 , 15 2 - 10
, 3 . ( 4-4 ,
,
, " " ) ( 10 -9

,
,
,
,

 .
,
, ,
.
,
idealistic narrative ,
,
, ,
,
) .
7 - 3 . ( 6-4 , 11

.
,
,
, , , "
, ,
" ) 6 -9 . ( 7
" ,
, , "
) . ( 14-3
) ( ,
, ,
,
) 12 -9 , 32

 16 - 5 , 4 - 4 . , 17 ( 12 - 6
,
, ,
) ( .
,
, ) 38 - 9
( 39 .
) (
,
,
.

. ,

, " " ,
, ,
, ,
,
, .
, ,

" , ,
, ,
" ) , 19 - 5
( , -;--;--;--;--;--;--;--;--;- 9 - 15

 ,
,
) ( . ,
,
,
. ,
. " " ) 2-10 ( 19-5
,

, " "
" "
,
, )
( ,
" - "
,
. ,
,
,
anti-nomianism
, ,
"
, ,
, ,

 , " .
) 22 - 7 . ( 23
,
, ,
" " .

, ,
,
,
, "
" . ,
,
,
,
, ,
.
,
,

,
,
.
- -
.
,

 ) 5 - 10 , 6 24 - 15 26
( , ,
,
,
, ,
"
" . ,

, ,
,

,
. , ,

, "
" . " " ,
,
" " ,
.
,
, ,
. " " ) ( 8 - 19
,
, ,

 ) , 18 . ( 19

.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,

, , -
-
,
. ,

,
, " " " ,
" " ,
" .
.
,
,
, ) - 4

 16 ( 30
,
,
.
" "
,
,
,
,
.
"
" , ) , 25-13
, 6 ( 16-5
, "
. , " ) ( 27 - 13
,
,
. ) 16 - 14 ( 24
,
,

. ,
,

) - 15

 , 32 - 28 . ( 30 - 9
, 9
,
,
.

, ) ( ,
, -
,
.
) 27 - 16 ( 31
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
, )
(
) ( ,

.

 ,
, ,
,
,
,

) , 8 - 10
( 27 - 10
,
,
,
" . "
,


,
) ( , "
" ,
.
,
"
" ) , ( 23 - 10
, ,
,
.

 ,
.
,
, -
- ,

,
,
,
"
" ) - 10
, ( 40 "
" .
" , ,
, ,
" ,
"
" ) " , ( 28 - 3 , ,
,
. " ) ( 20 - 2
,
,
, ,
,

 , ,

, ,
,

, .
,
,
.
,
, ,
.

, ,
,
.
,
.

,
,
, , "
. " ) ( 5 - 4

, ,

 ,
idealistic truth ,
" ,
... ,
" ,
.
,

,
,
,

.

) ( ,
,
) ( ,

.

,
,
.
" " " " ,
,

 ,
,
.
) " 1.
.. )
( ..
.
..
.
.
:

-
.. :
..
.

..
..
..


.
..



.



.
:
) ( -
-

-
-

-


...
"
"
!

..

 ..

.
..

" "..
.
""
" " ..
""
..
. " "


..

..
.
...

.. ""
: ..
. ..

..


!





"".
.. 1.
.
.
) (

30


:
30 40 .

. ..



.. . :
30 40

. :
.
""

..

.
:


.
..

.. "".

""
:
.

27
367
. 367

.. .. :

 ..
.. ..
.. .
.

..
"
..
" ) (2003

""
""
..
.

" "
.
:

""
""
.
"
"

 .



.
.

.

""
" "
.


! :
"
" " "

.
. ..
:


.


. ..


.
"
."1945
.



:


". "


.



.
47



. 19




.





.
1.
)
..(

.

.
:


.
:
.
:
.


.
:
:

:
114

.




. :

.


"" )
(2 : )

( :
. ) (




.

: 1-
:


) (51720
. - -

)(

:

:
-
.
. -
: .

. :




:
.
:
.
: ] [ ) 1-
..

( ][ "
" "
" " " "
"
"



"
"
") .
. (1415
] 14: 25 2- [30
)(
. )(

 ) . (422
.:
][ 3-

" "
). (412
" " " 4-
"" "][ " )
"
. (611
: 5-



:

" : :
".


). (13 12
" " 6-
. " " ) (2335
" " 7-
)( :
) .
(16 27.
" 8-
. " ) (51 27
: 9-

 : ":

:
"

:
" )
. (2 3
: "][ 10-
"
" " "

" )
. (2 3
. 11-
5 :4 " *
". MS 566" "
22 :5 "" *
. Ms 1424
5 :7 *
"

" MS 1424
"MS 16: 10 " *
1424
*
" MS 1424 12: 11 "
" Ms 1424 25: 11 " *

" 40: 12 " *

MS 899
5: 15 " *
MS 1424 ] [
*
3-2: 16 :
. MS 1424
"MS 566 17: 16 " *
22 :18 " " *
"
". MSS 566 899
"MSS 74: 26 " *
4, 273, 899, 1414
65: 27 " *
"MS 1424
.
1.

:




. :


.


.


.

: . :

:
.
.
:





!


)(
..

.


. :
: :
. ) (
" 1-


" )
. (136 30
2-

"

:
. " ) (143 30
3-
:


. ) . (5-4 3013
4-
" :

:

" "
" :
" .
" " "

 "
" " "
: ") . 13 30
(4-3.

5-
" "
" " :
" :
.
: "


.

" ) 13 30
(3-2.
6-
: " "
" " "
- " )
. (5 14 30
7-
: :
:

"

." ) (5-4 16 30
8-

 "
: " "
" ) 30
(4 22
..

1.
:


)
(
: :
.

:


.
:


:
.



:


)
( .

.


)
(
. ) (

.
: " 1-
" )
(45 9 2.
2-
"
" )
. (12 2
3-

:
:

 ) .
. (10-9 184
" 4-
" ) :5
(4.
" " 5-

"

" "
" "
:
. " ) (2
" 6-

" "


" )
. (3-1 :11
7-

:
.) . (7 :18
" " " "


1.
:
:



) (.


:
) :16 40 :15
(1.




.
.

.

" " )=
(
:

 ) .
:
. (114 37 22
" "


:
:

.
" "

:
.


. :
" " 1-
" "
:
) .
(3 45 3.
2-


" " ""
"" ) .
. (1 63 3
" " 3-
" "



" "
) .
.(1 64 3
4-
"
") ( "
: " )
. (2-1 66 3
5-
"

"
) .
(1 93-2 92 3.
" 6-
"
. ) . (2 67
Bart D. Ehrman
.
.

. 15

 1978
1981

Prinston 1985
Theological Seminary.
20 " "
Juesus Interrupted. God s Problem Misquoting Jesus

.

.
30

1.

:


1945

52
.

 :
) (.
:
.

:

.
114


.
. ) (


" "
. )(34 20 9
:

) ( .


) 37 29 1122 .(80 :
.




.
:
) (
.

.

". " 1-
" 2-
".
" 3-

.
:

".
4-
"

".
" 5-
".

 " 6-
" "

". :
" 7-
".
" 8-


". .
" ] [ 9-



".
". " 10-
" 11-



".
" " 12-
"

". :

 " :" 13-

" " "
" " "
"
".
" " "

".
" 14-
.


".
" 15-
".
" 16-

.
".
" 17-
".
" " 18-
"
.

".
" 19-


". .
" " 20-
"
"
" " " 21-
: " "
"

.
.
.
. .
:
". .
22-

: . " :
". "
" "


: :

")(
" 23-
".
" ". " 24-

".
". " 25-
" 26-
:
".
" 27-
".
" 28-



:
".
" . 29-

".
" 30-
". ..
" : 31-

".
" : .. 32-
".
" 33-

".
" 34-
".
" 35-
".
" 36-
".
" " " 37-

".
" 38-

"
" 39-

".
" 40-
:
". :

 " : 41-
".
". " 42-
" " 43-
"
".
44-

"
:
:
:
".
" : 45-



". :
" 46-

)(
".
" 47-


:


".
" 48-

". ""
49-
"

".
" " 50-

" " "
" "
". " "
- 1.
" 51-
". " "
" 52-
" "
".
" " " 53-

".
54-
". "
" 55-

".
" 56-
".

 " )( 57-

"

".
". " 58-
" 59-
".
)( 60-


" " "

"
"
" " " "

:
". :
" 61-
" "

:
" " :
" " " " :
".
" ][ 62-
".
" " 63-
"

".
64-
"
" " "


"
" " "
" " "

"
" " " "
"
" "
" "
".
65-
"


" "
"
"
". .
" 66-
" .
" 67-
".

 " : 68-
".
" 69-

".
:
" 70-
".
" )( 71-
[.........]".
" " ] [ 72-
" "
"

".
" 73-


".
". " 74-
" 75-
". :
" 76-


".
" 77-


".

 " 78-

".
" 79-
" "
"
".
" 80-
".
". " 81-
" 82-
".
" 83-

".

" 84-
:
".
85-
" :
] [
".
"] [ 86-
".
87-
"
:
:

".
" 88-
][
".
" 89-
".
90-
"
".
" " " 91-

".
" 92-

".
< " < 93-
.... [.....]".
". " ] [ 94-
< " < 95-
".
" ][ 96-

".
" ][ ][ 97-

 ][ :


".
" 98-

".
" " " 99-

".
" 100-
" "
".
< " ][ < 101-
][ ][ ][ ][
". ] [..... ][
" 102-
". ][
" 103-
". ] [
" " " 104-

". :
". " : 105-

 " 106-
". "
" 107-

"
".
" 108-
".
" ][ 109-
][ ][ ]
[ ][
".
:
". " 110-
" 111-
"
".
" 112-
".
" " > < " 113-
" "
".
" 114-
" "


".

:
... 1-
) : 2-
... ( ...
.
: 3-


.
4-
...
.
5-
.
6-

:
. 7-
8-
.


The Orthodox Corruption of Scrip.ture
The Effect of Early
Christological controversies on
the Text of the New Testament
BART D. EHRMAN
...
..
...
....


,
:
) (concordance -

...

...
: .
: ..
...

,

 ....

.

,
: :

,
: ,
.

, ,
.

...

....
...

:

....
.....


.... ... ...
.
...
... :
.

..... :
___________________
:
:
The Challenge : WBauer
...
,

.... ...
: :
(

.
, :

 . :

.
:

.


.

:
.
:
,
,

.
,
.
). :

....
: :
...
....
,
...


...
)
( ) (
. ) (


....

:
: ...

. ....
:
The Regnant Opinio Communis:Orthodoxy and Heresy in Early
Christianity
"

.
.

.


, 1945
.


. :

.

, .
)
(
".
...

.
,


,
: :


:
...
:
...!!!!!!.


....
...

:
: ....

...
,
, ...
...

... ,

....

.... :
:
: (
:
,
:
- Docetic Notion -

.
:

 :
.
.
:
, ) (

) .
: : .....
.....
Docetic Notion ..... :
: ... : ...

.... : ...

: ....

!!!!
_______________
....
... :
!!!!!! ....
.....

.... .....
....
!!!! .... .....

 ( Decostism :
.. ) .. :
,
.... .....
.... ... ...
:

: . :
... :
... ....

:
...
!!!! ...... 215 ...
).... 251 (

!!!!!! .... ...
) ( ...
!!!!!!....
!!!!!!! .....

....
) ... .. 102 - 89 ( 109

: ,
,
.....