Data Center

Data Center
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
OVERVIEW AND ROLE OF DATA CENTER
3.
DATA CENTER STANDARD TIA-942
4.
DATA CENTER HISTORY FROM 60S TO THE

CLOUD
5.
GREEN DATA CENTER
DCDA Consulting Services
DCDA Consulting Services is

what it is abbreviated from, Data
Center Design and Assessment.
We concentrate our service in
Designing Data Centers; from
scratch, or motivated by
thorough assessments of your
existing Data Centers.
DCDA Consulting is
proud to be one of the
very few local companies
who specializes in Data
Center Design and
Assessment .
HIGH
AVAILABILITY
NETWORK
EXPERT
Trained Employees
PROCESSES
Standardization, Simplicity, Documentation
TECHNOLOGY
Data Processing, Communication, Data Storage
Reliability
Basis
ESSENTIAL NETWORK PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Power Supply, Rack, Cooling, Maintenance & Management

Core Services
Data Center Infrastructure System
Design and Assessment
Services
that meets TIA-942 standards and best practices
Extended Services
To provide you with comprehensive assistance, we follow
through our design and aid you with the implementation
of your Data Center project.
Data Center Project Management

Control and manage the construction and integration of
all aspects of your data center.
Structured Cabling System Design

For Data Centers, Offices, Plants and Industries.
Training on Data Center Planning and

Design Customized training on Data Center Planning
and Design.
Design & Assessment
Scope of Services
1. Floor Plan (Layout) of a Data Center (Architecture &
Interior)
2. Structured Cabling System / Cable Management /

Telecommunication
3. Electrical Design & Power Management

4. Cooling
5. Physical Security System (Access Control System
and CCTV System)
6. Fire Protection System (Detection and

Suppression)
7. Environmental Monitoring System (EMS)

(optional
optional) Structural Evaluation
The final deliverable is in the form of a Tender Document

that cover client requirements, design and material
specification, inclusive of shop drawings, and complete
BoQ for item 1 to 7.

List of Experiences
No
Client
Data Center Project
Dimension
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
ICON+ PLN
Sigma
Bentoel Malang
HMSampoerna
Hortus Securitas
Lintas Arta JTL
BII Data Center
Depdiknas Puspitek
Medco HP,
Teradata, Bandung
Bukopin DC Renovation
ICON+ PLN
Barclay Bank
Bakri Bumi Resources
ICON+ PLN
PT. Dizamatra
Bank Indonesia
PT. POS Indonesia (Persero)
Design
Design
Design
Design
Server Room Design
Design
Assessment Services (AUDIT)
Design
Design
Design
Project Management
Tender Doc
DC & SCS Project Management
Design
Project Management
Business Plan & DC Design
Design & Modelling
Design, Assessment
800 m2
800 m2
100 m2
100 m2
30 m2
100 m2
500 m2
120 m2
135 m2
100 m2
200 m2
800 m2
150 m2 &100 m2
80 m2
800 m2
500 m2
1451 m2
300 m2 & 200 m2
19
20
21
22
23
Bakri Bumi Resources

Niko Resources
PLN Pusat
Kementerian Keuangan
Garuda Indonesia
Project Management
Design Server Room
Project Management
Data Center Design
Data Center Assesment and Design
80 m2
15 m2
576 m2
1000 m2
1070m2
Tier
Tier3 to 4
Tier3
Tier2
Tier2
Tier2
Tier2
Tier1
Tier2
Tier2
Tier2
Tier2
Tier3 to 4
Tier2
Tier2
Tier3 to 4
Tier2
Tier3
Tier2
Tier2
Tier1
Tier2
Tier2
Tier3
7
I.
Our
Approach
TIA-942 Telecommunications
Infrastructure Standards for Data Centers
II. Best Practices and Green DC

III. Real Hands-on Experiences of 20++ Data Center Projects
IV. Keep up with the latest development of DC
Data Center
Design &
Assessment
Reference
Data Center
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
3.
4.

CLOUD
5.
GREEN DATA CENTER
What is a Data Center

A DATACENTER IS A FACILITY THAT IS DESIGNED
AND BUILT SPECIFICALLY TO HOUSE COMPUTERS,
STORAGE ARRAYS, AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
(NETWORKING) SYSTEMS.
Data Centers, are specialized building or rooms,

hosting ICT equipments such as computing and networking
systems to keep the companys critical applications and
websites running smoothly and properly (24/7 x 365 days and
ongoing)
Sample Medium to Large Data Center
10
Small Data Center & Server Room
11
Movie of a Data Center

12
SECURE-24
OR
PARIS TELECITY
Important role of data centers

Data centers play an important role in today's
business & personal computing, our daily life and
are integral to cloud computing.
In most of the cities, our life relies on the functioning and

availability of one or multiple data centers. It is not an
overstatement.
Most of the things in every segment of human activity such as
energy, lighting, telecommunications, internet, transport, urban
traffic, banks, security systems, public health, and entertainment
are controlled by data centers.
13
Today everyone use Data

Center services
14
15
Most of Mobile-Phone
Facilities, Features and
Applications use Data
Center Services
(from SMS, Chat, Social
Networkingetc)
16
Most Trafficked Sites Online April 2012
17
We live in an Exponential World
Time to reach target market of 50

million people
40
Radio
38 years
35
Years
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
18
Television
13 years
Internet
4 years
iPod
3 years
Facebook
2 years
With 900 million registered users,

Facebook would be the 3rd largest
country in the world
Facebook
19
users
2009
First commercial text message was

sent in December of 1992
20
Today, the number of text

messages sent and received
everyday exceeds the total
population on the planet.
So, why Data Center is

Important?
The millions of web
pages are provided
by servers and their
supporting
infrastructure.
The millions of
Facebook users
are supported by
servers and their
supporting
infrastructure.
Every one of
The 30+ billion
Google searches
performed every
month are run on
servers and their
supporting
infrastructure
21
The billions of
text messages
sent every day
are supported
by servers and
their
supporting
infrastructure.
Data Center Today
Data Center has evolved from

the domain of the IT
Department to being a key topic
in a boardroom
22
Data Center
23
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
3.
4.

CLOUD
5.
GREEN DATA CENTER
Data Center Standard TIA-942

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR DATA CENTERS
24

25
Called or written as:

Computer Room
Data Center
Data Centre
Server Room
Network Room
Network Closer
Telecommunication Room

Data Center is the description given when the entire site and building are utilized
exclusively as a data center site.
Data Center is a larger space composed of:
Computer Room(s)
Telecommunication Room(s)
Entrance Room(s)
Mechanical Room(s)
Electrical Room(s)
Network Operations Center
Staging Area, Storage, Loading Dock
Common Areas
General Office Space
26
Data Center Function

Provide a safe and secure place to
locate mission critical equipment
Provide sufficient power protection
to maintain the critical load
Provide adequate environmental
controls to operate the space within
the parameter of the critical load
Provide communication
connectivity both inside and outside
of the space
27
OVERVIEW OF DATA CENTER

Based on
TIA--942 & Relevant Update

TIA
TIAInfrastructure Standards for Data Centers
Intended for use by data center designers early in the building development process,
TIA--942 covers the following

TIA
Tiered reliability
Site space and layout
Cabling management & infrastructure
Environmental considerations
29
1. TIA
TIA--942 Data Center Tiers classifications
What does they mean?
A simple explanation is:
Guidelines to build a DC based on the level of performance as desired/dictated by the business
requirement
Tier 1
Tier I, single path for power and cooling distribution, NO redundant components;
99.671% availability (max cumulative annual downtime is 346 hrs or 14.5 days).
Tier II, single path for power and cooling distribution, WITH Redundant
components; 99.741% availability (max cumulative annual downtime is 272 hrs or
11.5 days).
Tier 2
Tier III, is composed of multiple active power and cooling distribution paths, but
onlyIII,
one
active,of
redundant
components,
andcooling
is concurrently
maintainable,
Tier
is path
composed
multiple active
power and
distribution
paths, but only
(max cumulative
annual
downtime
is 19 hrsmaintainable,
or < 1 day).
99.982%
availability
one
path active,
has redundant
components,
and
is concurrently
Tier 3
99.982% availability (max cumulative annual downtime is 19 hrs or < 1 day).

Tier 4
Tier IV, is composed of multiple active power and cooling distribution paths, has
Tier
IV, is composed
of multiple
active
power and
coolingavailability
distribution(max
paths,
has
redundant
components,
and is fault
tolerant;
99.995%
cumulative
redundant
components,
and is fault tolerant; 99.995% availability (max cumulative
annual downtime
is 5hrs)
annual downtime is 5hrs)
Source: Uptime Institutes
30
DC Tiers: Similarities and Differences

TIER I
TIER II
TIER III
TIER IV
Building Type
Tenant
Tenant
Stand-alone
Stand-alone
Staffing
None
1 shift
1 + shitfs
24 by forever
Number of delivery paths
Only 1
Only 1
1 active
1 passive
2 active
Redundant Components
N+1
N+1 or N + 2
2 (N + 1) or S + S
Support space to raised floor ratio
20%
30%
80% - 90%
100%
Initial watts/ft2
20-30
40-50
40-60
50-80
Ultimate watts/ft2
20-30
40-50
100-150
150+
Raised floor height
12" / 30cm
18/45cm
30"
30"--36" /
75
75--90cm
30"-36" /
75
75--90cm
150
85 (=734)
(=415)
175
100(=857)
=488)
250
150 (=1225)
(=732)
250 (=1225)
150+
(GE 732)
Utility voltage
208, 480
208, 480
12-15kV
12-15kV
Months to implement
3 to 6
15 to 20
15 to 20
Year first deployed
1965
1970
1985
1995
Construction $/ft2 raised floor
$450
$600
$900
$1,100+
Annual IT downtime due to site
28.8 hrs
22.0 hrs
1.6 hrs
0.4 hrs
Site Availability
99.671%
99.749%
99.982%
99.995%
Floor loading pounds/ft2 (kg/sqm)
Source: Uptime Institute
TIA-942 higher requirements
31
Tiers other Highlights

Tier-I
Tier-II
Tier-III
Tier-IV
ARCHITECTURAL
Multi-tenant occupancy within
building
no restriction
Allowed only if
occupancies are nonhazardous
Allowed if all tenants

are data centers or
telco companies
Allowed if all tenants

are data centers or
telco companies
Ceiling Height
2.6 m (8.5 ft)

minimum
2.7 m (9.0 ft)

minimum
3 m (10 ft) minimum
3 m (10 ft) minimum
Operations Center
no requirement
no requirement
yes
Yes
Floor loading capacity

superimposed live load
7.2 kPa (150 lbf/sq ft)

= 734 kg/m2

= 857 kg/m2
12 kPa (250 lbf/sq

ft) = 1225 kg/m2
12 kPa (250 lbf/sq

ft) = 1225 kg/m2
Floor hanging capacity for

ancillary loads
suspended from below

= 122 kg/m2

= 122 kg/m2

= 245 kg/m2

= 245 kg/m2
150 (=734)
175 (=857)
250 (=1225)
250 (=1225)
Structural
Floor loading
pounds/ft2 (kg/sqm)

TIA
Tiered reliability
33
TIA-942 Telecommunications Infrastructure Standards for Data Centers
2. Site Space and Layout

Data Center should be designed with plenty of flexible empty
space that can accommodate future racks or cabinets.
The space surrounding the DC must also be considered for

future growth and planned for easy annexation.
The standard
recommends specific functional areas,

which helps to define equipment placement based on the
standard hierarchical star topology design for regular commercial
spaces.
34
Functional Areas in a Data Center

(area-area fungsional dari Data Center)
HDA (horiz. distr. area)
serve as the distribution points for
horizontal cabling and house
crossconnects and equipment for
distributing cable to the EDA.
Backbone cabling
provides connections
between ER, MDA, and
HDAs
ER (entrance room)
is the location for access
provider equipment and
demarcation points.
MDA (main distr. area)
EDA (equipment distr. area)

contains equipment cabinets and racks.
Horizontal cables are terminated with
patch panels in the EDA.
Horizontal cabling
provides connections
between the HDA, ZDA,
and EDA.
is a centrally located area that houses

the Main Crossconnect as well as core
routers and switches for LAN and
SAN infrastructures
(Site Space and Layout) DC TOPOLOGY
TIA-942 Compliant Data Center

Access Provider
Offices, Operation
Center, Supports
Room
Entrance Room
(Career Equipment
& Demarcation)
Access Provider
Backbone
Cabling
Horizontal Cabling
Telecommunication
Room
(Office & Operation
Center LAN Switches)
(ISP/Co-Lo)
MAIN DISTRIBUTION
AREA
(Router, Backbone, LAN/SAN
switches, PBX, M13 Muxes
COMPUTER
ROOM
Backbone Cabling
Horizontal Cabling
Horizontal
Distribution Area
Horizontal
Distribution Area
Horizontal
Distribution Area
Horizontal
Distribution Area
(LAN, SAN, KVM,

Switches)
(LAN, SAN, KVM,

Switches)
(LAN, SAN, KVM,

Switches)
(LAN, SAN, KVM,

Switches)
Equipment Distribution
Area
(Rack/Cabinets Servers etc)
Area
Area
Zone Distribution Area
Area
36
Enterprise Data Center Design

(Corporate DC or CDC)
Access Provider
Entrance Room
(Career Equipment
& Demarcation)
Access Provider
Most common
DC Topology
Consolidate MC
and HC (the main

cross-connect and
horizontal crossconnect) in a single
main distribution
area
Horizontal cable
(90 m copper, 300

m optical)
Offices, Operation
Center, Supports
Room
MAIN DISTRIBUTION
AREA
(Router, Backbone,
LAN/SAN switches, PBX,
M13 Muxes)
COMPUTER
ROOM
Backbone Cabling
Horizontal Cabling
Zone Distribution
Area
Area
Equipment
Distribution Area
Equipment
Distribution Area
37
Hot & Cold Aisle approach Dictate Rack Arrangement
Most of the Design we did is using (1)

Overhead for Telco & (2) Power under
RF
Telecommunication
Cable tray
Power Cable tray
38

TIA
Tiered reliability
39
3. Cabling Management & Infrastructure

Sample end result of direct/point-to-point connection
and example of Poor Use of Rack Space, No
Migration Planning and worse Cable Management.
40
Telecommunication Cabling Management &

Infrastructure
1. Direct Connect
Three cabling
connection
method
2. Interconnection
3. CrossCross-connection
1. Direct Connect or point to

point is:
unstructured
Definitely will lead to common familiar
mess / spaghettis in the Data/IT room.
*) Tolerable for limited usage in the same rack.
But unacceptable for the growth expected in
Data Centers
Switches
Rack
Servers
Rack
41
Cabling Management & Infrastructure

2. InterInter-Connection
in the MDA or HDA
48 or xx ports
Patch Panel
permanent
Horizontal Cabling
Patch Cord
into Server
Servers
Patch Cord
into Switch
Switches
HDA or MDA
EDA
Prevalent architecture in LAN, works well in smaller Data Centers

For larger, Tier III and IV Data Centers design limits growth
42
Cabling Infrastructure
3. CrossCross-Connection
Permanent cable to EDA or SAN storage
(Backbone and Horizontal cabling)
PATCH CORD CROSS

CONNECTIONs (easier MAC
MAC))
CORE
SWITCHES
Core
Switches
EDA
(Server Room)
MDA or HDA (Network Room)
Permanent single-ended cable

to the back of wiring center
43
TIA-942 Data Center Topology and Structure

Cabling in the DC
Access Provider
Offices, Operation
Center, Supports
Room
Entrance Room
(Career Equipment
& Demarcation)
MAIN DISTRIBUTION
AREA
Access Provider
COMPUTER
ROOM
(Router, Backbone, LAN/SAN

switches, PBX, M13 Muxes)
Backbone Cabling
Horizontal Cabling
Zone Distribution
Area
Area
Area
Equipment
Distribution Area
Logical Topologies for Data Center

While TIA-942 standards help

guide the data center physical
infrastructure, the logical data
center infrastructure does not have
a standards body helping with
design.
Logical architectures as shown
in the left Figure vary based on
customer preference and are
also guided by the electronics
manufactures.
Most logical architectures
can be broken into four

layers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Core
Aggregation
Access
Storage
three different types of switches

Access Switch
Core Switch
46
A core switch is located in the core of the network and serves to interconnect edge switches. The core layer routes
traffic from the outside world to the distribution layer and vice versa. Data in the form of ATM, SONET and/or
DS1/DS3 will be converted into Ethernet in order to enter the Data Center network. Data will be converted from
Ethernet to the carrier protocol before leaving the data center.
Distribution Switch
An access switch or an edge switch is the first point of user access (and the final point of exit) for a network. An edge
switch will allow the servers to connect to the network. Multimode optical fiber is the typical media that connects
the edge devices to the servers within the data center. Edge switches are interconnected by core switches.
Distribution switches are placed between the core and edge devices. Adding a third layer of switching adds
flexibility to the solution. Firewalls, load balancing and content switching, and subnet monitoring take place,
aggregating the VLANs below them. Multimode optical fiber will be the typical media running from the distribution
layer to the core and edge devices.
Not every data center will have all three layers of switching. In smaller Data Centers the core and
distribution layer are likely to be one and the same.
MAPPING LOGICAL ARCHITECTURES TO TIA-942

TIA-942 Physical
Architecture
Maps to
Logical Architecture Area
MDA=Main Distribution Area
Core and Aggregation
HDA=Horizontal Distr. Area
Aggregation
ZDA=Zone Distribution Area

EDA=Equipment Distr. Area
Access and Storage
MAPPING LOGICAL ARCHITECTURES TO TIA-942

In implementing this structured cabling
design, the datacenter will be segmented based
on the logical topology shown in left Figure.
The segmentation will be as follows:
1. Collapse the core switching LAN, SAN
and aggregation switching in the MDA

2. Segment the access layer into three zones:
front-end, application and back-end

3. Segment the storage into a separate zone.
4. Each zone will use a middle-of-the-rack
interconnect solution for the cabling.

5. Within each zone, the EDAs will utilize
a top-of-the-rack interconnect. The

EDAs will serve the electronics in each cabinet
and the ZDAs will serve the EDAs.
6. The ZDAs will homerun back to the MDA,
where they will terminate in a main crossconnect (MC).
Data Center Topologies
A good data center layout adapts flexibly to new needs and enables a high degree of
documentation and manageability at all times.
Customers can choose a variety of cabling structures from:

end of row or dual end of row
middle of row
top of rack, or
two row switching.
Patching: Interconnect & Crossconnect
In two Racks
In One Rack
End of Row
From each dualdual-end

end--ofofrow racks LAN & SAN
Switch back to MDA core
switches
Dual end of Row
Middle of Row
Sample!!! Implementation of
LOGICAL ARCHITECTURES TO TIA-942
using ZDA in Middle of Row
Top of Rack Data

(LAN switches @each-rack)
From each server rack

LAN Switch back to
MDA core switches
LAN Switch
Cisco Nexus Data Center Portfolio
Nexus 7000
Data Center Core/Aggregation
Nexus 5000
Unified Server Access
Nexus 2000
Remote Module
Nexus 1000V
VM-Aware Switching
Top of Rack Cisco

-cisco ucs Nexus 7000
From server rack (nexus 2000 or 1000V to end of row (nexus 5000)
then back to MDA (nexus 7000)
LAN Fabric
Extender
Nexus 2000 /1000V
Nexus 5000
Top of Rack Full
Each EDA Rack has

its own SAN, LAN &
KVM switch
LAN & SAN
Back to MDA
Two Row
(traditional implementation early TIATIA-942 implementation)
implementation)
No Active (network) Devices in EDA only

cable management cablings back to Access
& Core Switches in MDA
Sample 50
50%
% Filled Under Raised floor Tray
60
Pathways and Spaces - Overhead
Benefits
Alleviates congestion beneath access floor
Creation of segregated pathways
Minimize obstruction to cold air
Concerns
Requires adequate space above racks
Infrastructure provisions to support the pathway
Cabling may be exposed
61
Pathways and Spaces Access Floor
Benefits
Pedestals create infrastructure
pathways
Utilization of real estate
Cabling is hidden
Concerns
Could restrict cold airflow
Creating segregated pathways
Accessibility to cables
62
Proper cabling Installation & labeling in the pathway, work

area, equipment area and wiring center is a must
63
Quality and Documented end result of

cabling management is highly important
64
Sample manageable cabling center
Typical large fiber patch frame
UTP Main/
Horizontal
crossconnect
65
Infrastructure Standards for Data Centers

TIA
Tiered reliability
66
4. Environmental considerations Green Data Center
Include: Fire suppresion, humidity levels, operating temperatures,

architectural, electrical (power), and mechanical system specifications
Power requirements:
is based on the desired reliability tier and may include two or more power feeds from the utility,
UPS, multiple circuits, and on site generator.
Power needs is what is required for all existing devices and anticipated in the future. Power
requirements must also include all support equipment such as UPS, generators, conditioning
electronics, HVA, lighting, etc.
Cooling:
The standard recommends the use of adequate cooling equipment as well as a raised floor systems for
more flexible cooling.
Additionally standard states that cabinets and racks should be arranged in alternating patterns to
create hot and cold aisle.
67
Development of IT Equipment
TODAY
1964 to early 1990s
1-RU Blade Servers

42 server per-rack
LAN 84 per-rack
SAN: 84 per cabinet
68
Blade Servers
in the 42U
Racks
7U Blade each
having 14 Servers
1-RU Blade Servers

42 server perper-rack
LAN 84 perper-rack
SAN: 84 percabinet
Blade Servers cluster

84 server perper-rack
LAN 168 perper-rack
SAN: 168 percabinet
69
Hot & Cold Aisle approach

Dictate Rack/Cabinet Arrangement
70
Cold Aisle Containment
Hot Aisle Containment
71
Data Center
72
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
3.
4.

CLOUD
5.
GREEN DATA CENTER
Data Center
1960s
1960s

Prior to 1960 (1945), the Army developed a huge
machine called ENIAC (Electronic Numerator,
Integrator, Analyzer, and Computer):
Weighed 30 tons
Took up 1,800 sq ft of floor space
Required 6 full-time technicians to keep it running.
73
Up until the early 1960s, computers were primarily

used by government agencies. They were large
mainframes stored in rooms what we call a
datacenter today. In the early 1960s many
computers cost about $5 million each and time on
one of these computers could be rented for $17,000
per month.
By the mid 1960s, computer use developed

commercially and was shared by multiple parties.
American Airlines and IBM teamed up to develop a

reservation program termed the Sabre system. It
was installed on 2 IBM 7090 computers, located in
a specially designed computer center in Briarcliff
Manor, New York. The system processed 84,000
telephone calls per day.
Punch cards
Early computers often used punch cards for input both of
programs and data. Punch cards were in common use until the
mid-1970s. It should be noted that the use of punch cards predates
computers. They were used as early as 1725 in the textile industry
(for controlling mechanized textile looms).
Above: Card from a Fortran program: Z(1) = Y + W(1)
Above left: Punch card reader. Above right: Punch card

writer.
From PINGDON
Magnetic drum memory

Invented all the way back in 1932 (in Austria), it was widely used
in the 1950s and 60s as the main working memory of computers.
In the mid-1950s, magnetic drum memory had a capacity of
around 10 kB.
Above left: The magnetic Drum Memory of the UNIVAC computer. Above
right: A 16-inch-long drum from the IBM 650 computer. It had 40 tracks, 10 kB
of storage space, and spun at 12,500 revolutions per minute.
The hard disk drive

The first hard disk drive was the IBM Model 350 Disk File that
came with the IBM 305 RAMAC computer in 1956. It had 50 24inch discs with a total storage capacity of 5 million characters
(just under 5 MB).
Above: IBM Model 350, the first-ever hard disk drive.
Data Center
1970s
1970s
Datacenters in the US began documenting

formal disaster recovery plans in 1973. These
functions were batch operations and not
complex in nature.
Mainframes required special cooling and in

the late 1970s, air-cooled computers moved
into offices.
In 1973, the minicomputer Xerox Alto was a

landmark step in the development of personal
computers because of its graphical user
interface, bit-mapped high-resolution screen,
large internal and external memory storage,
mouse, and special software.
In 1977, the worlds first commercially

available local area network, ARCnet was first
put into service at Chase Manhattan Bank,
New York, as a beta-site. It was local area
network using token-ring architecture,
supporting data rates of 2.5 Mbps, and
connecting up to 255 computers.
78
Data Center 1980s

1980s The Rise of the PC
During the 1980s, the computer industry

experienced the boom of the microcomputer
era thanks to the birth of the IBM Personal
Computer (PC).
Mainframes were extremely expensive to use

and required enormous resources in space,
operation and cooling.
Starting in 1985, IBM provided more than $30

million in products and support over the course
of 5 years to a supercomputer facility
established at Cornell University in Ithaca,
New York.
In 1988, IBM introduces the IBM Application

System/400 (AS/400), and quickly becomes
one of the worlds most popular business
computing systems.
As information technology operations started

to grow in complexity, companies grew aware
of the need to control IT resources.
79
The first hard drive to have more than 1 GB in capacity was the
IBM 3380 in 1980 (it could store 2.52 GB). It was the size of a
refrigerator, weighed 550 pounds (250 kg), and the price when it
was introduced ranged from $81,000 to $142,400.
Above left: A 250 MB hard disk drive from 1979. Above

right: The IBM 3380 from 1980, the first gigabyte-capacity
hard disk drive.
The floppy disc

The diskette, or floppy disk (named so because they were flexible), was
invented by IBM and in common use from the mid-1970s to the late
1990s. The first floppy disks were 8 inches, and later in came 5.25 and
3.5-inch formats. The first floppy disk, introduced in 1971, had a capacity
of 79.7 kB, and was read-only. A read-write version came a year later.
Above left: An 8-inch floppy and floppy drive next to a regular

3.5-inch floppy disk.Above right: The convenience of easily
removable storage media.
Data Center
1990s
1990s
Client-Server Computing - Data

Center History: Microcomputers (now
called servers) started to find their
places in the old computer rooms and
were being called data centers.
Companies were putting up server rooms

inside their company walls with the
availability of inexpensive networking
equipment.
Late 1990s The Internet & Non-Stop

Computing : The boom of data centers
came during the dot-com bubble.
Companies needed fast Internet
connectivity and nonstop operation to
deploy systems and establish a presence
on the Internet.
Many companies started building very

large facilities to provide businesses with a
range of solutions for systems deployment
and operation.
82
As companies began demanding a permanent presence on the

Internet, network connectivity and colocation services grew
into a business requirement, Internet providers and hosting
companies and quickly growing Internet Data Centers
consisting of hundreds and often thousands of servers were
created. The data center as a service model became common
for most companies.
83
84
Data Center 2000s Energy Efficiency

concerns and Green Data Center
2000s

85
As of 2007, the average datacenter

consumes as much energy as 25,000 homes.
There are 5.75 million new servers deployed
every year.
The number of government data centers has
gone from 432 in 1999 to 1,100+ today.
Data centers account for 1.5% of US energy
consumption and demand is growing 10%
per year.
Facebook launched the OpenCompute
Project, providing specifications to their
Prineville, Oregon data center that uses 38%
less energy to do the same work as their
other facilities, while costing 24% less.
As the growth of online data grows
exponentially, there is opportunity (and a
need) to run more efficient data centers.
GOOGLE SECURITY & GREEN DC AND
86
Cloud Computing Definition
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves

delivering hosted services over the Internet. These services are
broadly divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service
(IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and Software-as-a-Service
(SaaS). The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud
symbol that's often used to represent the Internet in flowcharts
and diagrams.
88
89
Cloud Provider
90
Cloud Computing Services
91
92
EXPLAINING THE
CLOUD COMPUTING
CLOUD COMPUTING EXPLAINED BY
CHRISTOPHER BARRAT
93
94
Data Center
95
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
3.
4.

CLOUD
5.
GREEN DATA CENTER
Green Data Center
Background
Data center spaces can consume up to
100 to 200 times as much electricity

as standard office spaces they are
prime targets for energy-efficient
design measures that can save money
and reduce electricity use.
However, the critical nature of data
center loads elevates many design

criteriachiefly reliability and high
power density capacityfar above
energy efficiency.
98
What does Green Data Center mean?

A green data center is an enterprise class computing facility that is entirely built,
managed and operated on green computing principles. It provides the same features
and capabilities of a typical data center but uses less energy and space, and its
design and operation are environmentally friendly.
Holistic approach of Green Data Center shall cover
Green Design
Green
Procurement
& clean
Green
Operation &
sustainability
Green
disposal
Whats more and Why

A green data center is one that can operate with maximum
energy efficiency and minimum environmental impact. This

includes the mechanical, lighting, electrical and IT equipment
(servers, storage, network, etc.).
Why Green Data Center matters?

Within corporations, the focus on green data centers is
driven primarily by a desire to reduce the tremendous
electricity costs associated with operating a data
center.
Going green is a way to reduce operating expense
significantly for the IT infrastructure.
What does it mean to be Green

Sustainability
Process Efficiency
Energy Usage
Material Usage
LEED (Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design)
Measure Lifecycle Cost

(The concept of including acquisition, operating, and disposal costs when

evaluating various alternatives.)
DC Energy Consumption & PUE
PUE Power Usage Effectiveness
one very
important
aspect for
measurement
of Green DC
PUE = Total Facility Power / IT Equipment Power
Detailed Calculation
Total IT Load
94kW
Cooling Infrastructure
80kW
Power System Load
24kW
Lighting Load
2kW
Total Facility Load
200kW
PUE
2.13
PUE
Level of Efficiency
3.0
Very Inefficient
2.5
Inefficient
2.0
Average
1.5
Efficient
105
Best Practices for Green Data

Center
The best practices for energy-efficient data center design spans
the categories of:
1.
Information Technology (IT) systems and their environmental

conditions,
2.
Data center air management, cooling and electrical systems, on-site

generation, and heat recovery.
IT system energy efficiency and environmental conditions are presented first because
measures taken in these areas have a cascading effect of secondary energy savings for
the mechanical and electrical systems.
Metrics and benchmarking values to evaluate data center
systems energy efficiency.
Summary for Best Practice of

Green Data Center
Operation &
management
design
Selection and
procurement
Key elements in a
green data center
E N D - DCDA Consulting Services

108

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Data Center

OVERVIEW AND ROLE OF DATA CENTER

DATA CENTER STANDARD TIA-942

DATA CENTER HISTORY FROM 60S TO THE

GREEN DATA CENTER

DCDA Consulting Services

DCDA Consulting Services is

DCDA Consulting Services

ESSENTIAL NETWORK PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

DCDA Consulting Services

Design and Assessment

Data Center Project Management

Structured Cabling System Design

Training on Data Center Planning and

Design & Assessment

2. Structured Cabling System / Cable Management /

3. Electrical Design & Power Management

6. Fire Protection System (Detection and

7. Environmental Monitoring System (EMS)

The final deliverable is in the form of a Tender Document

DCDA Consulting Services

Data Center Project

Bakri Bumi Resources

II. Best Practices and Green DC

OVERVIEW AND ROLE OF DATA CENTER

DATA CENTER STANDARD TIA-942

DATA CENTER HISTORY FROM 60S TO THE

GREEN DATA CENTER

What is a Data Center

Data Centers, are specialized building or rooms,

Sample Medium to Large Data Center

Small Data Center & Server Room

Movie of a Data Center

Important role of data centers

In most of the cities, our life relies on the functioning and

Today everyone use Data

Most Trafficked Sites Online April 2012

We live in an Exponential World

Time to reach target market of 50

We live in an Exponential World

With 900 million registered users,

We live in an Exponential World

First commercial text message was

Today, the number of text

So, why Data Center is

Data Center Today

Data Center has evolved from

OVERVIEW AND ROLE OF DATA CENTER

DATA CENTER STANDARD TIA-942

DATA CENTER HISTORY FROM 60S TO THE

GREEN DATA CENTER

Data Center Standard TIA-942

What is a Data Center

Called or written as:

What is a Data Center

Data Center is a larger space composed of:

Data Center Function

OVERVIEW OF DATA CENTER

TIA--942 & Relevant Update

TIA--942 covers the following

99.982% availability (max cumulative annual downtime is 19 hrs or < 1 day).

DC Tiers: Similarities and Differences

Number of delivery paths

Support space to raised floor ratio