B XY DNG

___
S : 14/ 2003/ Q-BXD

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
_______________________________
H Ni , ngy 05 thng 6 nm 2003

QUYT NH CA B TRNG B XY DNG

V vic ban hnh Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXD VN 286: 2003 '' ng v p cc Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu ''
B TRNG B XY DNG
- Cn c Ngh nh s 36/ 2003/ N - CP ngy 04 / 04 / 2003 ca Chnh Ph quy nh
chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy dng.
- Cn c bin bn s 460A/ BB -HKHKT ngy 3 / 4 / 2002 ca Hi ng Khoa hc k
thut chuyn ngnh nghim thu tiu chun '' ng v p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v
nghim thu ''.
- Xt ngh ca V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Vin trng Vin Khoa hc
cng ngh Xy dng.
QUYT NH
iu 1 : Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny 01 Tiu chun Xy dng Vit Nam TCXD VN
286: 2003 '' ng v p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu ''
iu 2 : Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy k ban hnh.
iu 3 : Cc ng : Chnh Vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh , Vin
trng Vin Khoa hc cng ngh Xy dng v Th trng cc n v c lin quan chu
trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.
Ni nhn :
- Nh iu 3
- Tng Cc TCLCL
- Lu VP&V KHCN

KT/b trng b xy dng

Th trng
PGS,TSKH Nguyn Vn Lin ( k)

Li ni u
TCXDVN 286 : 2003 thay th mt phn cho mc 7 TCXD 79 : 1980.
TCXDVN 286 : 2003 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin son, V Khoa
hc Cng ngh B Xy dng trnh duyt, B trng B Xy dng ban hnh theo
Quyt nh s:.....14...ngy: ...05...thng......6.... nm 2003

MC LC

1. Phm vi p dng .............................................................................................................4

2. Tiu chun vin dn ........................................................................................................4
3. Quy nh chung ...............................................................................................................4
4. Vt liu cc.......................................................................................................................6
4.1 Cc b tng ct thp ..............................................................................................6
4.2 Cc thp .................................................................................................................7
5. H cc bng ba ng v ba rung ................................................................................8
6. H cc bng phng php p tnh ...............................................................................16
7. Gim st v nghim thu ................................................................................................18
8. An ton lao ng ...........................................................................................................19
Ph lc A - Nht k h cc ................................................................................................20
Ph lc B - H hng cc b tng ct thp khi ng .........................................................26
Ph lc C - Xc nh ng sut ng trong cc BTCT khi ng ........................................28
Ph lc D - Cu to m cc ..............................................................................................35
Ph lc E - Biu ghi chi ng cc ..............................................................................37


TIU CHUN XY DNG VIT NAM

TCXDVN 286 : 2003

Sot xt ln 1
ng v p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu
Pile driving and static jacking works - Standart for construction, check and
acceptance

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu cng tc ng v p cc p dng cho cc cng
trnh xy dng thuc lnh vc xy dng, giao thng, thu li, thay th mt phn
cho mc 7: Mng cc v tng vy cc vn ca TCXD 79: 1980.
Nhng cng trnh c iu kin a cht cng trnh c bit nh vng c hang cct, mi nghing, cng... m cha cp n trong tiu chun ny s c
thi cng v nghim thu theo yu cu ca Thit k, hoc do T vn ngh vi s
chp thun ca Ch u t.
2.

Tiu chun vin dn

TCVN 4453 : 1995: Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi - Quy phm thi
cng v nghim thu.
TCVN 205: 1998: Mng cc-Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 4091 : 1985 : Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng.

3. Quy nh chung
3.1

Cc thut ng v nh ngha
3.1.1 Cc ng l cc c h bng nng lng ng( va p, rung).
3.1.2 Cc p l cc c h bng nng lng tnh, khng gy nn xung lng ln u
cc.
3.1.3 chi ca cc ng l ln ca cc di mt nht ba ng v 1 pht
lm vic ca ba rung.
3.1.4 Ti trng thit k l gi tr ti trng do Thit k d tnh tc dng ln cc.
3.1.5 Lc p nh nht (Pep) min l lc p do Thit k quy nh m bo ti
trng thit k ln cc, thng thng ly bng 150 200% ti trng thit k;
3.1.6 Lc p ln nht (Pep)max l lc p do Thit k quy nh, khng vt qu sc
chu ti ca vt liu cc; c tnh ton theo kt qu xuyn tnh, khi khng c kt
qu ny th thng ly bng 200 - 300% ti trng thit k.

3.2

Thi cng h cc cn tun theo bn v thit k thi cng, trong bao gm: d liu
v b tr cc cng trnh hin c v cng trnh ngm; ng cp in c ch dn
su lp t ng dy ti in v bin php bo v chng; danh mc cc my

mc, thit b; trnh t v tin thi cng; cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng
v v sinh mi trng; bn v b tr mt bng thi cng k c in nc v cc
hng mc tm thi phc v thi cng.
c y s liu cho thi cng mng cc, nht l trong iu kin a cht phc
tp, khi cn thit Nh thu phi tin hnh ng , p cc cc th v tin hnh th
nghim cc bng ti trng ng hoc ti trng tnh theo cng ca T vn
hoc Thit k ra.
3.3

Trc c nh v cc trc mng cn c tin hnh t cc mc chun theo ng

quy nh hin hnh. Mc nh v trc thng lm bng cc cc ng, nm cch
trc ngoi cng ca mng khng t hn 10 m. Trong bin bn bn giao mc nh v
phi c s b tr mc cng to ca chng cng nh cao ca cc mc
chun dn t li cao trnh thnh ph hoc quc gia. Vic nh v tng cc trong
qu trnh thi cng phi do cc trc c vin c kinh nghim tin hnh di s
gim st ca k thut thi cng cc pha Nh thu v trong cc cng trnh quan
trng phi c T vn gim st kim tra. chun ca li trc nh v phi
thng xuyn c kim tra, c bit khi c mt mc b chuyn dch th cn c
kim tra ngay. sai lch ca cc trc so vi thit k khng c vt qu 1cm
trn 100 m chiu di tuyn.

3.4

Chuyn ch, bo qun, nng dng cc vo v tr h cc phi tun th cc bin

php chng h hi cc. Khi chuyn ch cc b tng ct thp(BTCT) cng nh khi
sp xp xung bi tp kt phi c h con k bng g pha di cc mc cu.
Nghim cm vic ln hoc ko cc BTCT bng dy.

3.5

Cng tc chun b

3.5.1 Nh thu cn c vo h s thit k, yu cu ca Ch u t v iu kin mi

trng c th lp bin php thi cng cc trong nn lu lm r cc iu
sau:
a) cng ngh thi cng ng/ p;
b) thit b d nh chn;
c) k hoch m bo cht lng, trong nu r trnh t h cc da theo iu
kin t nn, cch b tr i cc, s lng cc trong i, phng php kim
tra thng ng, kim tra mi hn, cch o chi, bin php an ton v
m bo v sinh mi trng...;
d) d kin s c v cch x l;
e) tin thi cng....
3.5.2 Trc khi thi cng h cc cn tin hnh cc cng tc chun b sau y:
a) nghin cu iu kin a cht cng trnh v a cht thu vn, chiu dy, th
nm v c trng c l ca chng;
b) thm d kh nng c cc chng ngi di t c bin php loi b chng,
s c mt ca cng trnh ngm v cng trnh ln cn c bin php phng
nga nh hng xu n chng;
c) xem xt iu kin mi trng th ( ting n v chn ng) theo tiu chun
mi trng lin quan khi thi cng gn khu dn c v cng trnh c sn;
d) nghim thu mt bng thi cng;

e) lp li trc c nh v cc trc mng v to cc cc cn thi cng trn mt

bng;
f) kim tra chng ch xut xng ca cc;
g) kim tra kch thc thc t ca cc;
h) chuyn ch v sp xp cc trn mt bng thi cng;
i) nh du chia on ln thn cc theo chiu di cc;
k) t hp cc on cc trn mt t thnh cy cc theo thit k;
l) t my trc c theo di thng ng ca cc v o chi ca cc.
3.6
Hn ni cc on cc
3.6.1 Ch bt u hn ni cc on cc khi:
- kch thc cc bn m ng vi thit k;
- trc ca on cc c kim tra thng ng theo hai phng vung gc
vi nhau;
- b mt u hai on cc ni phi tip xc kht vi nhau.
3.6.2 ng hn mi ni cc phi m bo ng quy nh ca thit k v chu lc,
khng c c nhng khuyt tt sau y:
- kch thc ng hn sai lch so vi thit k;
- chiu cao hoc chiu rng ca mi hn khng ng u;
- ng hn khng thng, b mt mi hn b r, khng ngu, qu nhit, c chy
loang, ln x, b nt...
3.6.3 Ch c tip tc h cc khi kim tra mi ni hn khng c khuyt tt.
4. Vt liu cc
4.1
Cc b tng ct thp
4.1.1 Cc b tng ct thp c th l cc rng, tit din vnh khuyn ( c ly tm) hoc cc
c, tit din a gic u hoc vung ( c bng vn khun thng thng). B tng
cc phi m bo mc thit k, cc c nghim thu theo tiu chun TCVN 4453 :
1995
4.1.2 Kim tra cc ti ni sn xut gm cc khu sau y:
a) Vt liu :
- chng ch xut xng ca ct thp, xi mng; kt qu th nghim kim tra mu
thp, v ct liu ct, (si), xi mng, nc theo cc tiu chun hin hnh;
- cp phi b tng;
- kt qu th nghim mu b tng;
- ng knh ct thp chu lc;
- ng knh, bc ct ai;
- li thp tng cng v vnh thp b u cc;
- mi hn ct thp ch vo vnh thp;
- s ng u ca lp b tng bo v;
b) kch thc hnh hc :
- s cn xng ca ct thp trong tit din cc;
- kch thc tit din cc;
- vung gc ca tit din cc u cc vi trc;
- chm u n ca mi cc;

4.1.3 Khng dng cc on cc c sai lch v kch thc vt qu quy nh trong

bng 1, v cc on cc c vt nt rng hn 0.2 mm. su vt nt gc khng
qu 10 mm, tng din tch do lm, st gc v r t ong khng qu 5% tng din
tch b mt cc v khng qu tp trung.

Bng 1- sai lch cho php v kch thc cc

TT
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Kch thc cu to
2
Chiu di on cc, m
10
Kch thc cnh (ng knh ngoi) tit din ca
cc c (hoc rng gia)
Chiu di mi cc
cong ca cc (li hoc lm)
vng ca on cc
lch mi cc khi tm
Gc nghing ca mt u cc vi mt phng
thng gc trc cc:
- cc tit din a gic
- cc trn
Khong cch t tm mc treo n u on cc
lch ca mc treo so vi trc cc
Chiu dy ca lp b tng bo v
Bc ct thp xon hoc ct thp ai
Khong cch gia cc thanh ct thp ch
ng knh cc rng
Chiu dy thnh l
Kch thc l rng so vi tim cc

sai lch cho php

3
30 mm
+ 5 mm
30 mm
10 mm
1/100 chiu di t cc
10 mm
nghing 1%
nghing 0.5%
50 mm
20 mm
5 mm
10 mm
10 mm
5 mm
5 mm
5 mm

4.2
Cc thp
4..2.1 Cc thp thng c ch to t thp ng hoc thp hnh cn nng. Chiu di
cc on cc chn theo kch thc ca khng gian thi cng cng nh kch thc
v nng lc ca thit b h cc.
4..2.2 Mt u cc on cc phi phng v vung gc vi trc cc, nghing khng
qu 1%.
4..2.3 Chiu dy ca cc thp ly theo quy nh ca thit k thng bng chiu dy chu
lc theo tnh ton cng vi chiu dy chu n mn.

4..2.4 Trong trng hp cn thit c th thc hin lp bo v bng phun va xi mng

mc cao, cht do hoc phng php in ho.
4..2.5 Cc on cc thp c ni hn, chiu cao v chiu di ng hn phi tun
theo thit k.

5.

H cc bng ba ng v ba rung
5.1
Tu theo nng lc trang thit b hin c, iu kin a cht cng trnh, quy nh
ca Thit k v chiu su h cc v chi quy nh Nh thu c th la chn
thit b h cc ph hp. Nguyn tc la chn ba nh sau:
a) c nng lng h cc n chiu su thit k vi chi quy nh trong
thit k, xuyn qua cc lp t dy k c tng kp cng;
b) gy nn ng sut ng khng ln hn ng sut ng cho php ca cc
hn ch kh nng gy nt cc;
c) tng s nht p hoc tng thi gian h cc lin tc khng c vt qu gi
tr khng ch trong thit k ngn nga hin tng cc b mi;
d) chi ca cc khng nn qu nh c th lm hng u ba.
5.2
La chn ba ng cc theo kh nng chu ti ca cc trong thit k v trng
lng cc. Nng lng cn thit ti thiu ca nht ba p E c xc nh theo
cng thc:
E = 1.75 a P
(1)
trong :
E - Nng lng p ca ba, kGm;
a - h s bng 25 kG.m/tn
P - kh nng chu ti ca cc, tn, quy nh trong thit k.
Loi ba c chn vi nng lng nht p Ett phi tho mn iu kin:
Qn q
k
E tt

trong :

(2)

k - h s quy nh trong bng 2;

Qn - trng lng ton phn ca ba, kG;
q - trng lng cc (gm c trng lng m v m u cc), kG
i vi ba i--zen, gi tr tnh ton nng lng p ly bng:
i vi ba ng
Ett = 0.9 QH
i vi ba cn
Ett = 0.4 QH
Q - trng lng phn p ca ba, kG;
H - chiu cao ri thc t phn p ba khi ng giai on cui, i vi
ba ng H= 2.8 m; i vi ba cn c trng lng phn p l 1250, 1800
v 2500 kG th H tng ng l 1.7; 2 v 2.2 m.

Bng 2- H s chn ba ng
Loi ba
Ba i--zen kiu ng v song ng
Ba n ng v i--zen kiu cn
Ba treo

H s k
6
5
3

Ch thch: Khi h cc bng phng php xi nc th cc h s ni trn c

tng thm 1.5.
5.3

Khi cn phi ng xuyn qua cc lp t cht nn dng cc ba c nng lng

p ln hn cc tr s tnh ton theo cc cng thc (1) v (2), hoc c th dng
bin php khoan dn trc khi ng hoc bin php xi nc.
Khi chn ba ng cc xin nn tng nng lng p tnh theo cng thc (1)
vi h s k1 cho trong bng 3.
Bng 3- H s chn ba ng cc xin

5.4

nghing ca cc
H s k1
5:1
1.1
4:1
1.15
3:1
1.25
2:1
1.4
1:1
1.7
Loi ba rung h cc chn theo t s K0 / Qt tu thuc vo iu kin t nn v
chiu su h cc.
K0 - m men lch tm, T.cm;
Qt - trng lng ton phn gm trng lng cc, ba rung v m u cc,
tn.
Gi tr ca t s ny khi dng ba rung vi tc quay bnh lch tm 300500
vng/ pht khng c nh hn tr s cho trong bng 4.
Bng 4 -T s K0 / Qt

Tnh cht t m
Phng php h
cc xuyn qua
Ct no nc, bn, st do Khng xi nc v ly t
mm v do chy
ra khi cc
Ct m, t st, st do Xi nc tun hon v ly
mm, cng
t khi lng cc ng
St cng, na cng, ct, Xi nc v ly t khi
si, sn
lng cc thp hn c mi
cc

K0/Qt khi su h cc
< 15 m
>15 m
0.80
1.0
1.10

1.30

1.30

1.60

Ch thch: Khi chn ba rung h cc ng c ng knh ln hn 1.2 m nn u tin

cho cc my c l thot a t t trong lng cc ng ra ngoi m khng phi tho
lp my. Trong trng hp cn rung h cc cc ng knh ln nn dng hai ba rung
ghp i ng b trn mt trung chuyn; khi cc gi tr K 0 v Qt phi l tng cc
ch tiu tng ng ca hai ba rung.

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

Khi rung h cc trn rng hoc cc dng tm cn c cc bin php chng kh

nng xut hin cc vt nt hoc h hng cc:
- trnh s tng p sut khng kh trong lng cc do y kht nn dng chp u
cc c cc l hng c tng din tch khng t hn 0.5% din tch tit din ngang
ca cc;
- trnh sinh ra p lc thu ng nguy him ca nc trong t lng cc c th
gy nt rn cc-ng BTCT phi c bin php ht nc hoc truyn khng kh.
c th d bo trc nhng h hng c th xy ra khi rung h cc- ng nn
dng thit b o gia tc, trong trng hp khng c thit b th tin hnh quan st
mc tiu tn cng sut ba ( hoc in nng) v bin giao ng ca cc.
Nu thy cng sut ba v bin giao ng ca cc tng, lin kt ba rung v
u cc vn kht m tc h cc li b gim th chng t mi cc gp chng
ngi; khi cn dng my, tm cch loi b chng ngi bng cch ly t lng
cc v bm ra y cc.
Khi rung h cc trong ct v ct giai on cui th nn gim tn s v rung cc
trong khong 710 pht su thit k lm cht t trong lng v xung quanh
cc.
Khi rung h cc bnh thng tc l cc thng s ba rung n nh, cc khng gp
chng ngi th theo s tng tin ca chiu su, tc h cc, bin giao ng
v cng sut my s b gim do ma st bn ca cc tng dn. tng chiu su
h cc nn tng cng sut ng c cho n cng sut thit k. Khi tc h cc
gim ti 2-5 cm/ pht v bin giao ng khong 5mm th cc s kh xung
tip; cn phi tin hnh xi nc hoc ly t lng cc cng vi vic chy ht
cng sut ng c.
Khi ng cc bng ba phi dng m cc v m g ph hp vi tit din ngang ca
cc. Cc khe h gia mt bn ca cc v thnh m cc mi bn khng nn vt qu
1 cm.
Cn phi sit cht cng ba rung h cc vi cc.
Khi ni cc on cc trn rng v cc -ng phi m bo ng tm ca chng.
Khi cn thit phi dng b g c nh v thit b dn hng tng chnh xc.
Khi thi cng cc vng sng nc nn tin hnh khi sng khng cao hn cp 2.
Cc phng tin ni cn c neo gi chc chn.
Trong qu trnh h cc cn ghi chp nht k theo mu in sn (c th xem ph lc
A).
ng 520 cc u tin cc im khc nhau trn khu vc xy dng phi tin
hnh cn thn c ghi chp s nht ba cho tng mt chiu su v ly chi cho
lot ba cui cng. Nh thu nn dng th nghim phn tch sng ng sut trong
cc( PDA) kim tra vic la chn ba v kh nng ng ca ba trong cc iu
kin xc nh( t nn, ba, cc...)
Vo cui qu trnh ng cc khi chi gn t ti tr s thit k th vic ng cc
bng ba n ng phi tin hnh tng nht d theo di chi cho mi nht; khi
ng bng ba hi song ng cn phi o ln ca cc, tn s p ca ba v
p lc hi cho tng pht; khi dng ba di--zen th chi c xc nh t tr
trung bnh ca lot 10 nht sau cng.
Cc khng t chi thit k th cn phi ng b kim tra sau khi c
ngh theo quy nh. Trong trung hp chi khi ng kim tra vn ln hn

5.10

5.11

chi thit k th T vn v Thit k nn cho tin hnh th tnh cc v hiu chnh li

mt phn hoc ton b thit k mng cc.
Trong giai on u khi ng cc bng ba n ng nn ghi s nht ba v
cao ri ba trung bnh cc i c 1m; khi dng ba hi th ghi p lc hi
trung bnh v thi gian cc i c 1m v tn s nht p trong mt pht.
chi phi o vi chnh xc ti 1mm.
chi kim tra c o cho 3 lot ba cui cng. i vi ba n v ba i-zen th mt lot l 10 nht; i vi ba hi th mt lot l s nht ba trong thi
gian 2 pht; i vi ba rung 1 lot cng l thi gian ba lm vic trong 2 pht.
Thi gian ngh ca cc trc khi ng kim tra ph thuc vo tnh cht cc lp
t xung quanh v di mi cc nhng khng nh hn:
a) 3 ngy khi ng qua t ct;
b) 6 ngy khi ng qua t st.
Trong trng hp khi thi cng thay i cc thng s ca ba hoc cc c
ch dn trong thit k
th chi d, e, lc ng hoc ng kim tra phi
tho mn iu kin:
nFE tt
Q 2 (q q 1 )
e
. T
kP kP
Q T q q1

nF

M M

Nu chi d ,e, nh hn 0.2 cm( vi iu kin l ba dng ng ph hp

vi yu cu iu 4.1), th chi ton phn( bng tng chi n hi v
chi d) phi tho mn iu kin:
2E tt
ec

Q
kPc
Qq

kP n 0 n Q
kP 2

2g (H h )
4 F
Qq

(4)

Trong cc cng thc trn:

e - chi d, cm, bng ln ca cc do mt nht ba ng v 1 pht
lm vic ca ba rung;
c - chi n hi( chuyn v n hi ca t v cc), cm, c xc nh
bng dng c o chi;
n - h s tra theo bng 5, T/ m2;
Bng 5- H s n
Loi cc
H s n (T/m2)
Cc BTCT c m
150
Cc thp c m
500
F - din tch theo chu vi ngoi ca cc c hoc rng( khng ph thuc vo
cc c hay khng c mi nhn), m2;
Ett - nng lng tnh ton ca nht p, tn.cm, ly theo iu 2.1 cho ba
i--zen, ba treo v ba n ng ly bng QH, khi dng ba hi song
ng ly theo l lch my, i vi ba rung ly theo nng lng nht p
quy i, cho trong bng 6;

Bng 6 - Nng lng quy i

Lc cng bc
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
(tn)
Nng lng nht
450
900
1300
1750 2200 2650 3100 3500
p quy i(T.cm)
Q - trng lng phn p ca ba, T;
H - chiu cao ri thc t phn p ca ba, cm;
k - h s an ton v t, ly k= 1.4 trong cng thc(3) v k= 1.25 trong
cng thc (4); cn trong xy dng cu khi s lng cc trong tr ln hn
20 th k = 1.4, t 11 20 cc th k = 1.6, t 6 10 cc th k = 1.65, t 1 5
cc th k = 1.75;
P - kh nng chu ti ca cc theo thit k, T;
M - h s ly bng 1 cho ba ng v theo bng 7 cho ba rung;
QT - trng lng ton phn ca ba hoc ba rung, T;
- h s phc hi va p, ly 2 = 0.2 khi ng cc BTCT v cc thp c
dng m cc m g, cn khi dng ba rung th 2 = 0;
q - trng lng cc v m cc, T;
q1 - trng lng cc m, tn; khi dng ba rung q 1 = 0;
h - chiu cao cho ba i--zen h = 50cm, cc loi khc h = 0;
- din tch mt bn ca cc, m2;
n0 v n - cc h s chuyn i t sc khng ng ca t sang sc khng
tnh, n = 0.25 giy.m/ tn; n0 = 0.0025 giy.m/ tn;
g - gia tc trng trng( g = 9.81m/ gy2)
Khi tnh theo cng thc ng Hilley rt gn th chi c th kim tra theo cng
thc:

ef HWr
0.5 e0
Qu

(4a)

e - chi ca cc( tnh trung bnh cho 20 cm cui cng), m;

ef - hiu sut c hc ca ba ng cc; mt s gi tr c kin ngh nh
sau:
- ba ri t do iu khin t ng, ef = 0.8
- ba i--zen, ef = 0.8
- ba ri t do nng bng cp ti, ef = 0.4
- ba hi n ng, ef = 0.6;
Bng 7: H s M
Loi t di mi cc

H s M

Si sn c ln ct
1.3
Ct: - ht trung v th
1.2
- ht nh cht va
1.1
- ct bi cht va
1.0
ct do, st v st cng
0.9
st v st - na cng
0.8
st v st - do cng
0.7
Ch thch: Khi ct cht gi tr h s M c tng thm 60%
H - chiu cao ri ba, m;
Wr - trng lng ca ba ng, T;

e0

2ef HWr L p
FE e

Qu - kh nng mang ti cc hn ca cc, thng thng ly vi h s an ton Fs

3

5.12

Lp - chiu di cc, m;
F - din tch tit din cc, m2
Ee - m un n hi ca vt liu cc, T/ m2.
Nu trong thit k mng cc ng c quy nh tm bin giao ng khi sp dng
rung cc th bin dao ng cc cc - ng ng knh ngoi n 2m, vi tc
h cc t 2 n 20 cm trong 1 pht c tnh theo cng thc:
A

153(0.85 N n N x )
P

nv
Qv
0 .7

(5)

trong :
A - bin ly bng 1 /2 lc ton phn ca giao ng nhng pht cui
trc lc dng rung, cm;
Nn - cng sut hu hiu ton phn giai on cui, KW;
Nx - cng sut vn hnh khng ti, i vi ba rung tn s thp, ly bng
25% cng sut thuyt minh ca ng c in, KW;
nv - tc quay ca b lch trong ba rung, vng / pht;
P - kh nng chu ti ca cc - ng, T;
- h s ph thuc vo t s gia sc khng ng v sc khng tnh ca
t, cho trong bng 8 v bng 9;
Qv - trng lng ca h thng rung, bng tng trng lng ca ba rung
v chp u cc.
Bng 8- H s cho ct
H s cho t ct

Tn t
Th

Va

Nh

Ct no nc
Ct m

4.5
3.5

5.0
4.0

6.0
5.0

Bng 9: H s cho st
H s cho t st khi st

Tn t
IL > 0.75

0.5<IL 0.75

0.25<IL 0.5

4.0
3.0

3.0
2.2

2.5
2.0

st, ct
St

Khi c nhiu lp t th xc nh theo cng thc:

h
h
i

(6)
i - h s ca lp th i;
hi - chiu dy ca lp th i, m.
Khi rung h cc trn v cc- ng, khng ta vo v na , m bo kh
nng mang ti ca cc, P, cn rung h on cui sao cho bin dao ng thc
t A khng vt qu bin tnh ton Att theo v phi ca cng thc (5). Nu A >
Att chng t sc khng ca t cha t yu cu, cn phi tip tc rung h cho
ti khi tho mn cng thc nu trn th mi m bo kh nng mang ti ca cc.
Gi tr ca nv nu khng c thit b o th ly theo thng s trong l lch ba rung.
C th dng cc loi my trc c o bin dao ng, hoc dng cc thit b
t ghi. Trong trng hp khng c thit b o th c th dng cch v ng
ngang tht nhanh ln giy k dn sn vo thn cc, s thu c ng cong
dao ng. Ni cc nh trn v nh di thnh ng gp khc, o chiu cao ln
nht vi chnh xc ti 0.1 cm ta thu c lc ca dao ng chnh bng 2
ln bin dao ng cn tm.
Tr s ca cc h s trong cc bng 7 v 8 nn chun xc li theo kt qu nn
tnh cc th. Sau khi rung h cc v nn tnh cho ta kh nng chu ti ca cc P
th h s cho iu kin t nn thc t c tnh theo cng thc:
trong :
5.13

5.14

1.43P
153(0.85 N n N x )
QV
An v

Cc thng s ca qu trnh rung ly nh phn trn.

(7)

5.15

Ch cho php dng xi nc h cc nhng ni cch xa nh v cng trnh

hin c trn 20 m. gim p sut, lu lng nc v cng sut my bm, cn
phi kt hp xi nc vi ng hoc p cc bng u ba. Khi cn xi nc
trong ct v ct su hn 20m phi km theo bm kh nn khong 2 3
m3 / pht vo vng xi nc.
i vi cc v cc ng c ng knh nh hn 1m th cho php dng mt ng xi
t gia tit din. i vi cc cc ng ng knh ln hn 1m th nn t cc ng
xi theo chu vi cc ng cch nhau 1 1.5 m.
Khi h cc n mt cui cng th ngng vic xi nc, tip tc ng hoc rung h
cc cho n khi t chi thit k m bo kh nng chu ti ca cc.
Nn p dng bin php xi nc khi h cc trong t ct.

5.16

Cc ng xi nc phi c u phun hnh nn. t c hiu qu xi ln nht

th ng knh u phun nn chim khong 0.4 0.45 ng knh trong ca ng
xi. Khi cn tng tc h cc th ngoi u phun chnh tm cn lm thm cc l
phun nghing 300 n 400 so vi phng ng xung quanh ng xi. ng
knh cc l ny t 6 mm n 10 mm. p lc nc cn thit, lu lng nc tu
theo ng knh, chiu su cc v loi t c th tham kho trong bng 10.

Bng 10-p lc nc x

Loi t

Chiu
(m)

Ct p
ti
vi phun
(T/m2)

Bn, ct chy

37
400 1000
68
1000 1500

50
1000 1500
80
1500 2000

6 - 10

80
1500 2500
50
1000 1500

106
2000 3000
68
1500 2000

10 - 15

80
1500 2500

106
2000 3000

106
2500 3000

106 131
2500 4000

5 - 15
Ct mn, bi, chy,
bn do chy, do
mm

15 - 25

St v st

25 - 35

Ct ht trung, th
v ln si

5 - 15

ct do

15 - 25

st v st do
cng
25- 35

ng knh trong(mm)/ lu lng (lt/pht) cho cc ng

knh,cm
30- 50
50- 70

4-8
8 - 10
10 - 15

- 20

Ch thch: Khi ng b cc cc di, tn dng cng sut ba th sau khi ngng xi

nc chnh tm, nn xi tip thm pha ngoi phn trn ca cc. C th dng hai ng xi
ng knh trong t 50mm n 68mm.

6. H cc bng phng php p tnh

6.1

La chn thit b p cc cn tho mn cc yu cu sau:

- cng sut ca thit b khng nh hn 1.4 ln lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh;
- lc p ca thit b phi m bo tc dng ng dc trc tm cc khi p t nh
cc v tc dng u ln cc mt bn cc khi p m, khng gy ra lc ngang ln
cc;
- thit b phi c chng ch kim nh thi hiu v ng h o p v cc van du
cng bng hiu chnh kch do c quan c thm quyn cp;
- thit b p cc phi m bo iu kin vn hnh v an ton lao ng khi thi cng.

6.2

La chn h phn lc cho cng tc p cc ph thuc vo c im hin trng,

c im cng trnh, c im a cht cng trnh, nng lc ca thit b p. C th
to ra h phn lc bng neo xun cht trong lng t, hoc dn cht ti bng vt
nng trn mt t khi tin hnh p trc, hoc t sn cc neo trong mng cng
trnh dng trng lng cng trnh lm h phn lc trong phng php p sau.
Trong mi trng hp tng trng lng h phn lc khng nn nh hn 1.1 ln
lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh.

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.8

Thi im bt u p cc khi phi dng trng lng cng trnh lm phn lc (p

sau) phi c thit k quy nh ph thuc vo kt cu cng trnh, tng ti trng
lm h phn lc hin c v bin bn nghim thu phn i cc c l ch cc v h
neo chn sn theo cc quy nh v nghim thu kt cu BTCT hin hnh.
Kim tra nh v v thng bng ca thit b p cc gm cc khu:
- trc ca thit b to lc phi trng vi tim cc;
- mt phng cng tc ca sn my p phi nm ngang phng ( c th kim ta
bng thu chun ni v);
- phng nn ca thit b to lc phi l phng thng ng, vung gc vi sn
cng tc;
- chy th my kim tra n nh ca ton h thng bng cch gia ti khong
10 15% ti trng thit k ca cc.
on mi cc cn c lp dng cn thn, kim tra theo hai phng vung gc sao
cho lch tm khng qu 10 mm. Lc tc dng ln cc cn tng t t sao cho tc
xuyn khng qu 1cm/s. Khi pht hin cc b nghing phi dng p cn chnh
li.
p cc on cc tip theo gm cc bc sau:
a) kim tra b mt hai u on cc, sa cha cho tht phng; kim tra chi tit
mi ni; lp dng on cc vo v tr p sao cho trc tm on cc trng vi
trc on mi cc, nghing so vi phng thng ng khng qu 1%;
b) gia ti ln cc khong 10 15% ti trng thit k sut trong thi gian hn ni
to tip xc gia hai b mt b tng; tin hnh hn ni theo quy nh trong thit
k.
c) tng dn lc p cc on cc xuyn vo t vi vn tc khng qu 2cm/s;
d) khng nn dng mi cc trong t st do cng qu lu( do hn ni hoc do
thi gian cui ca p...).
Khi lc nn b tng t ngt, c th gp mt trong cc hin tng sau:
- mi cc xuyn vo lp t cng hn;
- mi cc gp d vt;
- cc b xin, mi cc t vo g ni ca cc bn cnh.
Trong cc trung hp cn phi tm bin php x l thch hp, c th l mt
trong cc cch sau:
- cc nghing qu quy nh, cc b v phi nh ln p li hoc p b sung cc mi
(do thit k ch nh)
- khi gp d vt, va ct cht hoc st cng c th dng cch khoan dn hoc xi
nc nh ng cc;
Cc c cng nhn l p xong khi tho mn ng thi hai iu kin sau y:
a) chiu di cc p vo t nn trong khong Lmin Lc Lmax,
trong : Lmin , Lmax l chiu di ngn nht v di nht ca cc c thit k d
bo theo tnh hnh bin ng ca nn t trong khu vc, m;
Lc l chiu di cc h vo trong t so vi ct thit k;
e) lc p trc khi dng trong khong (Pep) min (Pep)KT (Pep)max

trong : (Pep) min l lc p nh nht do thit k quy nh;

(Pep)max l lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh;
(Pep)KT l lc p ti thi im kt thc p cc, tr s ny c duy tr vi
vn tc xuyn khng qu 1cm/s trn chiu su khng t hn ba ln ng knh
( hoc cnh) cc.
Trong trng hp khng t hai iu kin trn, Nh thu phi bo cho Thit k
c bin php x l.
6.9
Vic ghi chp lc p theo nht k p cc nn tin hnh cho tng m chiu di cc
cho ti khi t ti (Pep) min, bt u t su ny nn ghi cho tng 20 cm cho ti
khi kt thc, hoc theo yu cu c th ca T vn, Thit k.
6.10 i vi cc p sau, cng tc nghim thu i cc v kho u cc tin hnh theo
tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu cng tc b tng v b tng ct thp hin hnh.
8. Gim st v nghim thu
8.1
Nh thu phi c k thut vin thng xuyn theo di cng tc h cc, ghi chp
nht k h cc. T vn gim st hoc i din Ch u t nn cng Nh thu
nghim thu theo cc quy nh v dng h cc nu phn trn cho tng cc ti
hin trng, lp bin bn nghim thu theo mu in sn ( xem ph lc). Trong
trng hp c cc s c hoc cc b h hng Nh thu phi bo cho Thit k
c bin php x l thch hp; cc s c cn c gii quyt ngay khi ang ng
i tr, khi nghim thu ch cn c vo cc h s hp l, khng c vn cn
tranh chp.
8.2
Khi ng cc n su thit k m cha t chi quy nh th Nh thu phi
kim tra li quy trnh ng cc ca mnh, c th cc b xin hoc b gy, cn
tin hnh ng b sau khi cc c ngh v cc th nghim kim tra nguyn
vn ca cc ( th nghim PIT) v th nghim phn tch sng ng sut (PDA)
xc nh nguyn nhn, bo Thit k c bin php x l.
8.3
Khi ng cc t chi quy nh m cc cha t su thit k th c th cc
gp chng ngi, iu kin a cht cng trnh thay i, t nn b y tri...,
Nh thu cn xc nh r nguyn nhn c bin php khc phc.
8.4
Nghim thu cng tc thi cng cc tin hnh da trn c s cc h s sau:
a) h s thit k dc duyt;
b) bin bn nghim thu trc c nh v trc mng cc;
c) chng ch xut xng ca cc theo cc iu khon nu trong phn 3 v cc
thng phm;
d) nht k h cc v bin bn nghim thu tng cc;
e) h s hon cng cc c thuyt minh sai lch theo mt bng v chiu su cng
cc cc b sung v cc thay i thit k c chp thun;
f) cc kt qu th nghim ng cc ng( o chi v th nghim PDA nu c);
g) cc kt qu th nghim kim tra ton khi ca cy cc- th nghim bin
dng nh PIT theo quy nh ca Thit k;
h) cc kt qu th nghim nn tnh cc.
8.5
lch so vi v tr thit k ca trc cc trn mt bng khng c vt qu tr
s nu trong bng 11 hoc ghi trong thit k.
8.6
Nh thu cn t chc quan trc trong khi thi cng h cc( i vi bn thn cc,
tri ca cc cc ln cn v mt t, cc cng trnh xung quanh...).

8.7

Nghim thu cng tc ng v p cc tin hnh theo TCVN 4091 : 1985. H s

nghim thu c lu gi trong sut tui th thit k ca cng trnh.

8. An ton lao ng
8.1
8.2

Khi thi cng cc phi thc hin mi quy nh v an ton lao ng v m bo v

sinh mi trng theo ng cc quy nh hin hnh.
Trong p cc, on cc mi bng thp phi c u chp. Phi c bin php an
ton khi dng hai on cc mi ni tip nhau p.

Bng 11- lch trn mt bng

Loi cc v cch b tr chng

lch trc cc cho php trn

mt bng

1. Cc c cnh hoc ng knh n 0.5m

a) khi b tr cc mt hng
0.2d
b) khi b tr hnh bng hoc nhm 2 v 3 hng
- cc bin
0.2d
- cc gia
0.3d
c) khi b tr qa 3 hng trn hnh bng hoc bi
cc
0.2d
- cc bin
0.4d
-cc gia
5 cm
d) cc n
3 cm
e) cc chng
2. Cc cc trn rng ng knh t 0.5 n
10 cm
0.8m
15 cm
a) cc bin
8 cm
b) cc gia
lch trc ti mc trn cng ca
c) cc n di ct
ng dn c lp chc chn
3. Cc h qua ng khoan dn( khi xy dng cu) khng vt qu 0.025 D bn
nc( y D- su ca nc ti
ni lp ng dn) v25 mm vng
khng nc
Ch thch: S cc b lch khng nn vt qu 25% tng s cc khi b tr theo di, cn
khi b tr cm di ct khng nn qu 5%. Kh nng dng cc c lch ln hn cc tr
s trong bng s do Thit k quy nh.

Ph lc A
(tham kho)

A1. Nht k ng cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Nht k ng cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
1. H thng my ng cc.......................................................................................................
2. Loi ba................................................................................................................................
3. Trng lng phn p ca ba...........................................................................................
4. p sut ( kh, hi), atm........................................................................................................
5. Loi v trng lng ca m cc, kg....................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc)..............................................................................................
1. Ngy thng ng..................................................................................................................
2. Nhn hiu cc (theo t hp cc on cc)..........................................................................
3. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc...............................................................................
4. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc...............................................................................................
5. chi thit k, cm .............................................................................................................
su h
chi ca
N0 ln
cao ri
S nht p
cc trong
1 nht p,
Ghi ch
o
ba, cm
trong ln o
ln o
cm
1
2
3
4
5
6

K thut thi cng

K tn

T vn gim st
K tn

i din Ch u t
K tn

A2. Tng hp ng cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp ng cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
TT

Tn
cc

Loi
cc

Ngy/
ca

K thut thi cng

K tn

su, m
Thit Thc
k
t
5
6

Loi
ba
7

Tng s
nht
p
8

T vn gim st
K tn

chi, cm
Khi
Khi
ng
kim tra
9
10

Ghi
ch
11

i din Ch u t
K tn

A3. Nht k rung h cc ng

Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Nht k rung h cc ng
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
1. Loi ba rung.......................................................................................................................
2. Loi v trng lng ca m cc, kg...................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc...............................................................................................
1. Ngy thng ..........................................................................................................................
2. ng knh ngoi............................................... Chiu dy thnh.....................................
3. S lng v chiu di cc on cc....................................................................................
4. Loi mi ni ca cc on cc.............................................................................................
5. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc...............................................................................
6. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc..............................................................................................
7. Cao ca nt t trong lng cc.......................................................................................
8. Tc ln trong ln o sau cng.........................................................................................
S liu v vn hnh ba rung
N0
ln
o

Thi
gian
o,
pht

ln
trong
ln o,
cm

Thi
gian
ngh,
pht

Lc
kch
ng,
tn

K thut thi cng

K tn

Cng

dng
in,
A
6

in
th
dng
in,
V
7

T vn gim st
K tn

Cao ca t
trong lng cc

Bin

Trc
Sau
dao
khi o khi o
ng,
b
b
mm
8
9
10

Ghi
ch
11

i din Ch u t
K tn

A.4. Tng hp rung h cc

Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp rung h cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
su, m

TT

Tn
cc

Loi
cc

Ngy
ca

K thut thi cng

K tn

Thit
k

Thc
t

Cc s liu v ln o sau
cng
Cng
Lc
Tc
Cao
Loi
sut
kch

li
ba
yu
ng,
h,
t,
rung
cu,
tn
m/ph
m
KW
7
8
9
10
11

T vn gim st
K tn

Ghi
ch
12

i din Ch u t
K tn

A.5. Nht k p cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Nht k p cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
1. Loi my p cc...................................................................................................................
2. p lc ti a ca bm du, kg/cm2......................................................................................
3. Lu lng bm du, l/ pht.................................................................................................
4. Din tch hu hiu ca pittng, cm 2 ....................................................................................
5. S giy kim nh.................................................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc)..............................................................................................
1. Ngy thng p.....................................................................................................................
2. S lng v chiu di cc on cc....................................................................................
3. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc...............................................................................
4. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc...............................................................................................
5. Lc p quy nh trong thit k ( min, max), tn...................................................................
su p

Ngy, gi
p

k hiu on

su, m

K thut thi cng

K tn

Gi tr lc p
p lc,
lc p,
2
kg/cm
tn
4
5

T vn gim st
K tn

Ghi ch
6

i din Ch u t
K tn

A.6. Tng hp p cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp p cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
TT

Tn
cc

Ngy/
ca

Loi
cc

K hiu
on
cc

Lc p
khi dng,
tn

K thut thi cng

K tn

T vn gim st
K tn

su, m
Thit
k
7

Thc
t
8

Loi
my
p

Ghi ch

10

i din Ch u t
K tn

Ph lc B
(tham kho)

H hng cc b tng ct thp khi ng

Khi ng cc b tng ct thp c th xy ra cc h hng sau y c lin quan ti cng
ngh ng:
- rn nt v st m u cc;
- c khe nt dc bt k on no trn thn cc, nhng thng c nhiu on
u cc;
- khe nt ngang thng vng u hoc gia 1/ 3 thn cc;
- khe nt ngang, chuyn thnh khe nt xin 45 0 phn cc trn mt t.
Nguyn nhn h hng dng th nht thng do tp trung ng sut cc b do
nht p ca ba khng chnh tm, hoc do cc tm gim xung m cc khng t yu
cu gy ra. Cho nn khi thi cng ng cc cn thng xuyn kim tra ng trc ca
cc, m cc v ba, trng thi cc tm m gim xung trn v di ca m cc c bit
l vung gc ca mt phng tm m trn v mt phng u cc so vi trc cc;
ng nht ca vt liu tm m di cng nh khe h ca h ng vi cn ba.
S xut hin cc vt nt dc thn cc c quan h vi s gia tng chung ca ng
sut vt qu sc bn chu nn ng ca b tng cc di tc dng ca ti trng lp.
H hng ny kh d nht l do chiu cao ri ba ln hoc tm m gim xung qu cng.
Nguyn nhn khc c th l mi cc gp t qu cng hoc chng ngi rn. Khi s
to ra sng nn phn hi cng vo vi sng nn trc din lm tng ng sut nn trong
thn cc. Ngn nga h hng ny bng cch gim chiu cao ri ba v thay cc tm
m c n hi ln hn. Thng hay dng cch thay vt liu tm m v cch ny t
nh hng ti chi ca nht ba. ng sut nn ln nht trong cc khi ng c th
xc nh theo phng php trnh by trong ph lc 8.
Khi chi ca cc b gim nhiu (nh hn 0.2 cm) do dng cc bin php trn,
m cn phi h cc ti su thit k, nn chuyn i dng ba nng hn hoc tm
cch gim sc khng ca t ( khoan dn, xi nc v.v).
Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy nt ngang l do thn cc b un khi mi cc b
lch khi hng xut pht v gp chng ngi hoc cn ba b lch, b lc. Nu cn ba
b lch th nguyn nhn chnh l my ch ng trn nn ln khng u. Hin din ca
m men un, quan h vi lch ca cc hoc ba ng so vi v tr ban u d dng
nhn ra do cc b x v mt pha sau khi nng ba v m cc ra ngoi. Cho nn khi ng
cc cn phi theo di thng ng ca cc theo hai phng vung gc nhau bng
my trc c.
Nguyn nhn khc gy vt nt ngang l cc sng ko, c th hnh thnh trong cc
khi bt u ng, cng nh khi mi cc xuyn trong t yu hoc khi dng xi nc,
khoan dn.
Sc khng ca t b yu biu hin qua chi c tr s ln, v th khi khng cho
php xut hin vt nt ngang cn phi khng ch chi ln nht trong thi gian ng
cc BTCT theo di nh sau:
n 10 m

5 6 cm

10 15 m

4 5 cm

15 20 m

3 4 cm

trn 20 m
2 3 cm
Khi chi ln hn cc tr snu trn cn gim chiu cao ri ba hoc dng vt liu
m t cng hn.
ng sut ko ln nht trong cc khi ng c th xc nh theo phng php trnh
by trong ph lc C.
Vt nt xin ( thng vi gc gn 45 0) thng xut hin do cc ni lc xon gy
ra khi m cc hoc cc b xoay, hoc do tc dng ng thi ca lc ko v xon. Du
hiu ca tc dng m men xon l xoay ca u cc so vi v tr ban u kh nng
ba v m cc ra v c vt t mt gc ca cc vo tm m g di. Khi cn phi
xoay cn ba, hoc dng m cc c cu to khng cn tr cc xoay quanh trc, hoc
chuyn sang cc trn.

Ph lc C
(tham kho)

Xc nh ng sut ng trong cc BTCT khi ng

1. Theo quy phm Lin x
Li gii trnh by di y da trn l thuyt sng nht p c KanshinPlutalov- Smidth gin lc. Thc cht ca phng php ny nh sau. Cc c chia
thnh nhiu phn t cng, ni vi nhau bng cc lin kt k n c trng bin dng
ca vt liu cc. u ba, sab, m cc c xem nh cc phn t trong h. m g
gim xung mang tnh n- nht, t nn xung quanh cc v di mi cc c tnh nnht do. i vi mi phn t ca h quy c ngi ta thnh lp h phng trnh m t
trng thi ca phn t trong khong thi gian rt ngn t, xem tc ng ca cc
phn t k bn v mi trng t bn ngoi ln phn t ang xt v tc dch chuyn
ca n l c nh. Bng cch gii lp tun t cc phng trnh cho tng phn t c th
xc nh ni lc bin v suy ra cc ng sut ti thi im bt k trong chu trnh nht
p. Hin nay c nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v l thuyt truyn sng c cng b
trong cc hi ngh quc t. Tuy nhin cch tnh ng sut ng bng cch tra bng ca
cc tc gi Lin X vn c th p dng cho cng tc ng cc.
Tr s ng sut ng nn, ko ln nht trong thn cc BTCT, b tr ct thp dc
n 0.05, do ba ng i- -zen v ba hi n ng gy ra c th tnh theo cng thc:
n,k = K K1 K2 K3 K4,
trong :

(C1)

n,k - ng sut nn, ko trong thn cc, kG / cm2;

K - h s tin cy ly bng 1.1 cho ng sut nn v 1.3 cho ng sut ko;
K1 - h s, ph thuc vo t s trng lng phn p ca ba trn din tch
tit din ( netto) cc, kG / cm2;
K2 - h s, ph thuc vo chiu cao ri tnh ton phn p ca ba, H;
K3 - h s, ph thuc vo cng ca vt liu tm m di ca m cc;
K4 - h s, ph thuc vo chiu di L ca cc, v cng tiu chun, Rn,
ca t nn di mi cc, tnh theo cc ch tiu cng ca t nn,
theo bng A1 ca Tiu chun thit k mng cc;

Tr s ca cc h s K1, K2, K3, K4 cho ba i--zen kiu ng cho trong cc bng

C1 C4, cho ba hi n ng trong cc bng C5 C8 di dng phn s, t s dng
tnh ng sut nn, mu s dng tnh ng sut ko.

Bng C1- H s K1
Q/F,
cm2

kG/

K1,kG/ cm

0.8

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

131

148

161

170

178

186

73

65

58

51

45

39

Bng C1- H s K1(tip theo)

Q/F,
cm2

kG/

K1,kG/ cm

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

193

199

205

210

215

220

33

28

23

19

16

13

Bng C2- H s K2
Chiu
cao ri
H, cm

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

K2

0.58

0.35

0.76

0.45

0.84

0.55

0.92

0.75

1.00

1.00

1.08

1.25

1.16

1.55

Bng C3- H s K3
cng
m Kp,
kg/ cm2
K3

50

100

150

200

300

400

500

0.58

0.20

0.78

0.40

0.87

0.60

0.94

0.80

1.05

1.16

1.14

1.36

1.22

1.50

Bng C3- H s K3 (tip theo)

cng
m Kp,
kg/ cm2
K3

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1.29

1.60

1.35

1.67

1.41

1.72

1.47

1.76

1.52

1.80

1.57

1.83

1.62

1.85

ang C4-H s K4
Chi
u di
cc,
L, m
25
20
16
12
8

H s K4 ng vi cng tiu chun ca t nn di mi cc

Rn, T/m2
1100
1.03

0.44
1.02

0.40
1.01

0.35
0.99

0.30
0.98

0.20

Q/F,
cm2

800
1.03

400
1.02

0.44
0.97

0.59
0.96

0.30

1.5

2.0

140

82

165

64

0.88

4.0

4.5

5.0

1.32
0.94

0.93
0.93
0.63

48

36

1.29
0.88

196

28

185

1.54
0.92

1.11
0.92

177

1.75
0.96

Bng C5- H s K1
2.5
3.0
3.5

155

0.75

1.50
0.97

1.10
0.96

0.50

1.93
0.98

0.74
0.95

0.40

1.25
0.98

0.88
0.97

1.65
0.99

0.70
0.98

0.53
0.99

50
1.00

2.58
0.98

2.25
0.95

2.00
0.91

1.70
0.86

1.30

1.37
1.00

1.00
0.99

100
1.00

1.10
1.00

0.80
1.00

150
1.01

0.88
1.01

0.60
1.00

250
1.01

0.66
1.01

kG/

K1, kG/ cm2

600
1.02

203

22

209

18

15

Bng C6- H s K2
Chiu cao
ri H, cm
K2

20

40

60

80

100

120

0.55

0.47

0.71

0.67

0.87

0.84

1.00

1.00

1.12

1.14

1.23

1.27

Bng C7- H s K3
cng
m Kp,
kg/ cm2
K3

50

100

150

200

300

400

500

0.50

0.47

0.78

0.40

0.87

0.60

0.94

0.80

1.05

1.21

1.14

1.48

1.20

1.65

Bng C7- H s K3 (tip theo)

cng
m Kp,
kg/ cm2
K3

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1.32

1.76

1.40

1.84

1.48

1.90

1.56

1.95

1.64

2.00

1.72

2.04

1.79

2.08

Bng C8- H s K4
Chi
u
dai
cc,
L, m
25
20
16
12
8

H s K4 ng vi cng tiu chun ca t nn di mi cc

Rn, T/m2
1100

800

600

400

250

150

100

50

1.04

0.52
1.03

0.47
1.02

0.40
1.00

0.30
0.96

0.16

1.03

1.03

1.02

1.02

1.01

1.01

1.01

2.40
1.00

2.20
0.99

1.90
0.96

1.50
0.92

0.90

0.78
1.02

0.70
1.02

1.04
1.02

0.94
1.01

1.30
1.01

1.87
0.99

1.20
0.97

0.74
0.93

1.40
0.97

0.89
0.93

0.40

2.03
1.00

1.64
1.00

0.32

1.82
1.01

1.41
1.00

1.00
0.97

0.59
0.94

0.24

0.80
0.98

0.44
0.95

1.56
1.01

1.17
1.00

0.60
0.99

1.03
0.93

0.48

1.60
0.96
1.18
0.92

0.56

0.64

Ch thch: 1. xc nh ng sut nn ln nht khi ng bng ba i--zen cn theo

cng thc (1) ring h s K ly bng 1, cn cc h s khc nh trong bng C1 C4;
2. Cc gi tr trung gian ca cc h s trong bng C1 C8 ly theo chia
khong;

3. Tn tht nng lng trong kt cu ba ly bng 15% cho ba ng v

10% cho ba hi n ng. Vi cc tn tht trong phm vi nu trn th
tr s chiu cao ri ba tnh ton, H, trong bng C2 v C6 trng vi
chiu cao ri thc t. Khi tn tht khc cc gi tr nu trn th chiu cao
ri ba tnh ton v thc t c quan h sau:
H H1

m'
m

(C2)

H v H1 - chiu cao ri ba tnh ton v thc t;

m- h s tn tht nng lng thc t, trong ba i--zen ng ly bng
0.8 0.9, trong ba hi ly bng 0.7 0.9
m- h s tn tht nng lng tnh ton, trong ba i--zen ng ly bng
0.85, trong ba hi ly bng 0.9.
4. cng ca tm m Kp tnh theo cng thc:
Kp

E tt
K nlb

(C3)

Ett - m un n hi tnh ton ca vt liu tm m, kG/cm 2, ly theo bng

C9 ph thuc vo ng sut nn cho trc ln nht trong cc. Nu khi
tnh theo cng thc (1) c ng sut n chnh vi qu 10% th phi tra
bng tnh li;
Kn - h s nn cht ca vt liu tm m, ly theo bng C9;
lb - chiu dy ban u ca tm m trc khi nn, cm.
cng ca tm m nhiu lp xc nh theo cng thc:
1
1
1
1

.......
Kp
K p1 K p 2
K pn

(C4)

Bng C9- M un n hi ca tm m m cc
TT
1
2
3
4

Vt liu tm m

H s nn
Kpn
G thng mi loi th
0.40
G si th vung gc
0.60
vi hng nn
Vn p
0.70
Cao su chu nhit c
xp, %:
10
1
15
1
20
1
25
1

M un Ett, kG/cm2 ng vi ng sut ,

kG/ cm2 cho trc l:
50
100
150
200
250
900
1700
2500
3200
3600
2600
3400
4100
4600
4800
2800

3800

4100

4600

4800

1100
800
600
500

2300
1800
1500
1300

3200
2600
2300
2000

3700
3200
2900
2700

3900
3500
3200
3000

5. Trong trng hp cn thit c th dng cng htc (1) gii bi ton ngc.
Th d tnh ton. Cc BTCT tit din 40 x 40 cm, di 16 m ng bng ba D35 vo t
st do cng(IL = 0.4) n su 15m. Vt liu tm m m cc l vn x th ngang

hng ng. Chiu dy ban u trc khi nn l 20 cm. S nht ba cho php trc khi
i tm m l 1000.
Xc nh ng sut nn ln nht u cc v ng sut ko ln nht trong thn
cc lc khi u ng vi chiu cao ri ba l 170 cm; tnh ng sut nn ln nht u
cc khi sp kt thc vi chiu cao ri 220 cm. Trng lng phn p qu ba 3500 kG.
Tng trng lng qu ba 7200 kG, trng lng m cc 500kG, tn tht nng lng
trong ba 15%
1. Tnh cc thng s cn thit
a) Q / F = 3500 / 40 / 40 = 2.2 kG / cm2
b) Lc khi u ng, sc khng ca t nn di mi cc bng tng trng
lng ba, m cc v cc chia cho din tch tit din cc:
Rn0 = (7.2 +0.5 +6.4) / 0.16 = 90 T/ m 2
c) Khi kt thc ng, sc khng ca t nn di mi cc( tra bng A1 ca Tiu
chun thit k mng cc) l Rn15 = 280 T/ m2.

2. Tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi mi ng

a) Theo bng 1 tnh ra K1 = 199.
b) Theo bng 2, vi H = 170 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0.71.
c) Gi s ng sut nn = 150 kG/cm2, tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo
cng thc (3) : Kp = 2500 / 0.4 / 20 = 312 kG/ cm 3
d) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K3 = 1.06.
e) Theo bng 4 tnh ra K4 = 0.96
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi mi ng l:
n = 1.10 x 199 x 0.71 x 1.06 x 0.96 = 158 kG/ cm 2.
Tr s ny so vi tr s tm tnh = 150 kG/cm2 khng chnh nhau ng k , nn
ly ng sut nn l n = 158 kG/cm2 .

3. Tnh ng sut ko ln nht u cc khi mi ng

a) Theo bng 1 tnh ra K1 = 28.
b) Theo bng 2, vi H = 170 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0.71.
c) Theo bng 9, vi ng sut nn = n = 158 kG/cm2, m un n hi tnh ton
ca m l 2610 kG/ cm2; tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc
(3) : Kp = 2610 / 0.4 / 20 = 326 kG/ cm 3
d) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K3 = 1.21.
e) Theo bng 4 tnh ra K4 = 1.63.
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut ko ln nht thn cc khi mi ng l:
k = 1.3 x 28 x 0.43 x 1.21 x 1.63 = 31 kG/ cm2.
4. Tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi sp kt thc
a) Theo bng 1 tnh ra K1 = 199.
b) Theo bng 2, vi H = 220 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0.90.
c) Gi thit ng sut nn ln nht l 200 kG/ cm2, theo bng 9 m un n hi
ca g l 3200 kg /cm2; tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc (3) :
Kp = 3200 / 0.4 / 20 = 400 kG/ cm3
d) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K3 = 1.14.
e) Theo bng 4 vi L = 16 m, Rn15 = 280 T/ m2 tnh ra K4 = 1.0.
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc l:

n = 1.1 x 199 x 0.9 x 1.14 x 1.0 = 222 kG/ cm 2.

Tr s ny so vi tr s tm tnh = 200 kG/cm2 chnh nhau ng k , nn tnh li
vi l n = 222 kG/cm2, m un n hi s l 3640 kG/ cm 2 v cng ca tm m s
l: Kp = 3640 / 0.4 / 20 = 455 kG/ cm 3 .
g) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K3 = 1.14.
h) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc l:
n = 1.1 x 199 x 0.9 x 1.18 x 1.0 = 232 kG/ cm 2.
C.2. Theo Broms B.B.
ng sut nn ln nht c th xc nh theo cng thc:
n

2eEep pH
1 Fc

Fh

E ec c
E eh h

F
1 p

Fc

E ep p
E ec c

y: n = ng sut nn ln nht trong cc (kG/cm 2);

H = cao ri ba, cm;
= 0.6 i vi ba ri t do;
= 2 i vi ba izen;
e = h s hiu sut ba- cc, e = 0.6 cho ba ri t do v e = 0.8 cho ba izen;
F = din tch tit din, cm2;
Ee = m un n hi, kG/cm2;
= trng lng n v, kG/cm3;
cc k hiu h, c, p chn ca Ee , , F tng ng cho ba(hammer), m
cc(cushion) v cc(pile).
ng sut ko trong cc BTCT thng dao ng trong khong 30 40% n. Nn thit k
chng nt do ko ba cp ng sut ko l 50, 55 v 60 kG/cm 2.

Ph lc D
(tham kho)

Cu to m cc
M cc c vai tr rt quan trng trong cng tc thi cng cc ng, va m bo
cho cc khng b nt, v, m cn gi cho sab ca ba khng b h hi. Thng thng
cc c s sn xut ba u cung cp ng b c gin ba cng loi m cc tng ng.
Tuy nhin, trong iu kin nc ta cha ch to c dn ba, c th thay th m cc
ch sn bng cch t gia cng bng hn. Ph lc gii thiu cc thnh phn cu to
chnh ca m cc c th gia cng c m cc khi cn thit.
Khi ng cc bng ba hi n ng v ba i--zen kiu ng nn dng m cc
dng ch H c hoc hn c khoang trn v khoang di. Khi ng cc bng ba i-zen kiu cn v ba hi song ng c th dng m cc dng ch U ch c mnh khoang
di( xem hnh v).
M cc phi c l tai hoc vng treo ngoc vo u ba trong t th thng
ng bng cp. Khoang trn thng c dng hnh trn su 100 150 mm cho ba hi v
200300 mm cho ba i--zen. Khoang trn cha gim chn gim ti trng ng ln
ba cng nh ln chnh m cc. ng knh khoang trn thng rng hn ng knh
sab ca ba khong 10 15 mm hoc khng nh hn kch c ngoi ca ba hi.
Gim chn trn thng c lm t cc loi g cng (si, thng, sn, tu, lt...)
ct dc th, t vung gc chun vi trc chnh. B dy ca tm gim chn trn ph
thuc vo trng
lng phn p ca ba; vi ba i--zen kiu ng c trng lng phn p l 1250,
1800, 2500, 3500, 5000 kG th chiu dy m khng nh hn tng ng l 150, 200,
200, 250, 300 mm; vi ba hi khng nh hn 250 300 mm.
Nghim cm vic dng tm gim chn trn b gip nt, c th xy ra nht p
trc tip ca ba vo m thp.
Kch c khoang di ca m cc thng ch rng hn kch thc tit din coc 1
cm. Chiu su khoang di khong 500 - 600 mm. Tm gim chn di c th lm t
cc vt liu khc nhau( xem bng 9 ph lc 8). B dy ca m di khi ng cc b
tng ct thp ph thuc vo vt liu m, tnh nng k thut ca ba v cc, c im
t nn v xc nh nh tnh ton (xem ph lc C).

a)

1
2

b)

S
m cc
1
5

9
8
7

4
3
5
6

7
8

c)

d)
10

1
4
5
6
8

b) Cho ba iezen kiu cn

c) Cho ba hi
n
ng

d)
ng cc ng BTCT

1 - Ba; 2 - Khoang trn; 3 - Gim trn trn; 4 - Vnh trn

1

a) Cho ba iezen kiu ng

11

5 - Vch ngang; 6 - Vnh d i; 7 - Gim chn d i;

4
5
6
7
8

8 - Khoang d i; 9 - ai; 10 - L
c trong
gim chn trn d i
u ba; 11 - Li nn tr

Kch c khoang di ca m cc thng ch rng hn kch thc tit din coc 1

cm. Chiu su khoang di khong 500 - 600 mm. Tm gim chn di c th lm t
cc vt liu khc nhau( xem bng 9 ph lc C). B dy ca m di khi ng cc b
tng ct thp ph thuc vo vt liu m, tnh nng k thut ca ba v cc, c im
t nn v xc nh nh tnh ton (xem ph lc C).

Ph lc E
(tham kho)

Biu ghi chi ng cc

Ln o:

Ngi o:

K thut Nh thu:

T vn gim st:

V d: Biu ghi chi cc ng ti Nh my xi mng Nghi Sn