ELECTROCUTING ce ReeBE A CERTIFICATED ) ELECTRICIAN ‘The country needs thousands of trained, Certificated Electricians to fill good position alla matter knowing how, and I will teach you by my up-to-d without interfering with your regular wor Electricity. Prepare NOW, and be re fe modern instruction, | method of Home Instruction in Practical my highly suc few months to e $65 to *175 a Week Send for This Book scat they are ready for eal positon My’ book, “HOW TO BECOM RT: solendidly eeaipped Plecteical: : My book, “HOW TO BECOME ley yuipped Electra pr special train Gen (on thelwad jorsaeain ese @ A ee calor a ied Noe ee ees of this has just been printed. I want every young A Real Opportunity fae You ‘man interested in to have a copy, and will Wishing is never going to make vour dreams come send you one ABSOLUTELY FREE AND PRE- ¢rue., You've got learn. A PAID. Write me today worth $2 or How I Train My Students ‘Ai Chief Engineer of the Chicago Engineering Works A trained mind sw iL bogw exactly the kind of trofsing a aan weds 10 training, that Youyoe chable him to get and hold good positions, and to month. Are you ambitious t cara hig payas Uhave’ trained frandreda of men aha ped ew 6 caper toda} ‘who are Holding splendid electrical positions. Many are now successful Electrical Cou Electrical Outfit—Free tractors. I gree cach ot any tt tention and a comp! training. I ELE But till ely to. ‘eal Stulent 1" give a truly’ valuable surprise that 1 cannot explain here the train- Free Employment Service final work, 1am continually receiving by actual work be ing is do When my students grad- tuate and receive their Cer- find alvising them in ever WRITE NOW_DON'T DELAY | D. - iy parzeesy Google \ ‘www.americanradiohistory.comInvention FORMERLY ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER (233 FULTON STREET-NEW YORK 1 Sites and ‘August, 1920 No. 4. Science and Invention which, derived from the Latin inventio, means, find ing out. ‘There is Tittle in. Science that did Hot at yim tine require some inventive powers, whe con versely most of the world's inventions are based u ‘one of more of the sciences. en ‘But “Invention” antedates “science” by. thousands of years. When our prehistoric man first fashioned his crude Kammer by binding a stone to-a stick, by means of reeds, hhe had made a basic invention. in every sense off the word. And when he first applied his stick to a huge boulder he. wisht to move, then placing a smaller stone tinder the sticke—he had made another notable basic in- ‘Yention—the lever. in fact, both of these basic inventions are discoveri land if they. were first made today, would be patentable Right ere we,may state that in patent law, “Uncover be ‘are held to be synonymous, tho popularly an “invention” designates one that is new and-useful a5 well as patentable Science, or rather the sciences, on the other hand first came into being with the ‘ancient Greeks, Of course, sume sciences existed before the Greeks, but they were not recognized as such, "At least there is no record of any sciences classified a2. such by the Phoenicians. or the old Egyptians. Even in Grecian times there. were comparatively Ittle sciences, Thus the Platonists had their sciences divided into dialectics, physics and ethics. Even in comparatively modern times there seems to, be fle sgreement 3 to what the scenes relly comprise acon in s history, poesy, and_ philosophy ais seences, “AS late as [dit Conte lasifes the Sciences into six parts in their following orders: Mathe- matics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, physiology and HE word Science, from the Latin scientia, mean- ing, knowledge, is closely “related "to. Inventic feetoto ‘Even today there exists no classication of the sciences that would be acceptable {0 all of our great thinkers. ECT RI BLECTROCUTING Giga th i sia” ELECTRIC SAND.HOG'TS SALVAGE SHIPS. Ao MARE BUR ce veg CoS SURE OEEE GU nite oes HATE HEB Oe AEDST Mie EPS wn He 4 a FA ERI 2 there tere WATER-THE ELIXIR OF LIEB. 0 J ‘ed a0 ered HOUSEHOLD ELECTRIC WRINKUES. By ‘Fordy 371 Ae CUTMATE RAY i Revisit SoMerInIe PHOTOS: | sein ae east “ELE tonnes are bald fer lecialicha ‘Fccai ‘The general public and “the man in, the street” possibly come nearer the actual definition of vacence’ than most ‘of our philosophers. To the public, the arts, discoveries, fnventions-—all fall under the term of science, Anything under the sun nowadays becomes a “science’—be it the science of cooking, the scienee of darning socks, or the Sclence of cleaning streets, "The myriad of inventions and, discoveries all tend to make the world more vssentife™ and) whether we Hike ior mg, one gence or another creep ito every ge of our homes. "We are surrounded with science afl da foog aswell ag during he night. Science docs. the thing for vs, and makes us do that’ There fs no escap- ing ft and the general public has awakened to the. fact ‘but yesterday, that scence no longer is the sombre book closed with seven seals. Quite the contrary, it is the public that popularizes science--not our scientists. Just Et present, for instance, educational scientife flms”are ail the rare and the public clamors for more and heartily applauds them. ato real renin areas backward as in Gate's times: “The public applauds and instantly believes in any thing new that is sclentifc. whereas the. true scientist scoffs and jeers, just as he did in Galileo's times when that worthy’ stoutly maintained that the earth moved and aid. not stand stil, ‘Then 48 now they, burn our great discoverers and out eat scientists at the stake. Only today the stake is Moral and the fre derision, Tt matters litle that Jules Verne or Nikola Tesla are a hundred years ahead of the times—the scientists scoff and laugh ‘unbelieving. But happily, the great public today appreciates. the “fantastic Greamer", because it knows {rom experience that these “fantastic dreams” have a habit of coming true on the morrow. H. GERNSBACK. AUGUST, 1920 ‘THE MASTER KEY... Opp PHOTO CONTEST PIRELESS FIREWORKS " WHAT THEY THINK OF Oi "HOME ELECTRICS eshel Oba practicht tie ELECTRICITY FROM WATER: ne Wistig THE CONSTRUICTOR—HOW TO Bi Hho ue WHY? THE TELEPHONE Hows rd kad 509 AUDION FORM co sp aupugn gars cond atau Brel, Floyd 1. Barcow GRE Ee omen! ee eae tocar eo ge ier ees EXO Br aeeisame SSR RAeS MeL 3 Puce mas Rein ‘toa man 2 int aneH. GERNSBACK - FDITOR HLWWSECOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR, Invention “= Electric Sand-Hog to Salvage Ships Of inventors since times immemorial. ‘The wrecks, ‘which rest in the silt ‘and sand of the ocean's floor, have served as an incentive to men to devise ‘ways and means whereby the hidden wealth could be raised and salvaged. The idea of lifting sunken vessels is now receiving po: Sibly more attention than it ever did ia the history of the world. ‘The reason for thi HE. recovery of treasures from the ‘bottom of the sea hat been a dream By ERIC A. DIME iy thzough unavoidable maritime accidents. European waters and. alon ‘ur “Atlantic coast the ocean's bottom. is Siren, with hundreds of wrecks which could be’ salvaged ita proper equipment were employed for raising the vessels. There ‘lew of remarkable about raising e- wrecked ships, ‘Such feats are taking place practically all the time. According fo sta- ‘ics at hand, altho they are not of recent seuunes ‘The, atest sctentine Device for Satvaging shi Ship, Permitting Cables to is the immense tonnage of ships lost during the World War. “According to well-informed authorities, Joe! Tocker, while the host of the fightin ones locket, while the hosts of the ations were contending supremacy on land Sha aca, represent a tonnage of 15000 00 eet po Jit tllon dolar, hich fae We abut eight Ellon data Sia fener than the nant ett be ing our Civl War. Fo make the rqson wore striking and injeresting i been be said that this staggering suns is renter than the total output of gold in the Sed ‘States, and it is in excess of the ih taken from the diamond mines of South Attia during thir entne potod of oot only the ships, lost during th fis nor only the ships, lost daring the ‘wat, which are attracting’ the attention ‘of date, we find that up until August of last 3ep the salvage deptrimeny of the Brith ‘amiraty had recovered #40 vessels sunk dri the was» hese ships presented 8 ‘alu of $230,000, "The hip which 90 far have been raised, are those resting in shallow waters oF at ‘cpehs of about 100 fect." Wrecks, which fre Wyiog.at depths of from 200 to 300 feet ‘or more have up until the present time re- Bained” where they are, faa there fas no satisfactory smployed whereby such vessels could be ted from the ‘Scean's floor, "Tt is conceded that any ship ould be raided, provided a sufiient nue Ber of pomzans ould be laced tothe yessel for lifting purposes, But the draw= Tetkise far hae eer the lack of supports for ‘holding the, pontoons in pesition and allowing them simultaneously fo give a di- 357, www.americevadiohist 7 A device to overcome all these dificulties hag recently been invented by a New Yorker, a Mr. A. B, Saliger, who has spent several years in perfecting 4 machine that is unique 4n-construction and from all appearances Bact in aplicatg : ‘rowing machine, and itis $0 anything else used for the salvaging of ships that he has een granted basic claims on it AS its name implies the burrowing machine employed to digits own way thra sand, sed gavel which wreck rests on the occas battom. "The device ts made fo carry or haul a line under the hull of the ship, and when that is accomplished it is aan easy matter to string heavy cables under the vessel and then attach the Pontoons to the cables for iting parposes. actin, darrian revemtln8 le torpedo, of two to joined to- see iss Ba gf Siamese twins, The ont has two propellers, some fifteen inches in diameter, rotating in'opposite directions, ‘The machine is 4 feet wide, 2 feet high and 3 eet long. The rear ia evigt with a pair Set fg Th ewe ofa “The main body of each sce: “(Continued on bape 434)By O. IVAN LEE, B. Sc. The Wonderful Story of the Artifical Ruby that Rivals the Genuine Stone in Lustre, Hardness and Color Be fntet Sones has been past on from genct- Son to generation, and altho prosaic Science, fas clasiied and cardin- dlexed this vast array of heterogeneous in formation, Mot yet has it completely ex plained or eradicated that primitive impulse Which altracts ue ireisttly to somes which Sparkle, ‘There. is still something of the favage in all of us; and it may be that r ich glitter appeal to the same in- inds a fascination in flames. OF the many varieties of gems which have stood. the acid test of the world’. favor, ihe" diamond andthe ruby. easily ted ot the former i the premier of jewels by reason of its hardness and fire, the latter is it the peer of all colored stones-tinged AFF he of the bigd which ees lite They are thas symbolical of the evo- lation of the race which has struggled up- Hah egies offre and iad Their very existence may be mineralogical sraphrased in the Darwin theory a the Rfarvival of the hardest.” ( Sepp No doubt coincident with the growth of 4 rac in gems was their. extensive imita- tion, for since the beginning of time, the postession of anything rare, beautiful, ex Pensive or exclusive has been a challenge to Guplication with something just as good, and cheaper? "The Egyptians and Romans were skilled in imitating precious stones, indeed, the art oof making glass owes much to this base in- tentive, and their skill was made the foun Gation of a craftmanship which in later ages produced counterfeits of which the buyer had ever to beware. ‘The science of mineralogy developed dur- ing the Nineteenth Century did much not c only! to systematize. the. classifeation of ims and make easier their identbeation, at, since mineralogy is @ handmaiden of Chewiary, # new hope; was ornsnt tat of imitating, but actually creating the gem themselves.” Heretofore, with the debatable so Bea evi ad Seg po: e Orient by introducing fore matter Into the pearl forming mollusk, il the attempts at” counterfeiting had been frankly tmifatve, Inthe light of exact chemical fnowiedge of (gem materials, the ‘Successive StAGES IN THe GRowTH OF SYNTHETIC RUBY. BOULE. Of ser wwithinedk formed Soherent” — insipient developed. ‘Boule alumina ‘boule fF cit Ts foal Ee a se if fe Pi 7 Fs rat Fully possibility of reproducing their substanct tras now scen, aed from this conception hal cen painfully evolved s true miracle of if Nomt=the. commercial manwfaetare Seriuble ubien "WHAT THE RUBY 1S, Essentially. ihe ruby 8 the oxid of modern and indispensable meta, lems Teoccurs naturally an the mineral co dum a familiar variety being the abr Emevy. which, however, contafns in additiot "large proportion of iron, Before goin iorher, fe should be explained that pract! ala gem stones when absolutely pure fate colorless, the particular color which in Lind’ of stone may possess is the: Secreta and not inherent and merely dt of, the. problem of reproducing” it characteristic substance, ‘Boiled down, then, making @ true rub, necessitated only the making of trans parent alumina, thats, apparently, merel ping ie A on CGaa F). wa actually accomplisht, over 2 hundred year ago, for it is recorded in 1819 that if twScience and Invention for rubies were exposed on charcoal 10 the lame of an ony-hydromen blowpipe. they ould be melted thereby into a single bead ‘The pioneer experimenters» and. their fol lower endeavoring fo, make rabies were fvidenily s6" engrost in" tying to, make ‘rystaline ‘alumina. and. s0 beset with their individual diftelties, that they ould not See the woods for the trees and for a long ine ener alized the vate of ie bi ‘which lay at hand. Me! piely ‘mien! methods, nomerose+ workers were successful in producing cry {allzed alaminum oxi, but since in cach ase the crystals. ob ined were exceed ingly thin and often microscopic the ma teria obtained could nod te ued for eating. IF the reader fhas ever had the op portunity of examin fog. a well crystal lized “pitce of that syithetie abrasive par feellence, carbortne ium oF siieid of ear bon it will have been noticed ‘that he hex ae Sa (Shee ert eee eee aa Ser c reas eer Sie ee Sree eas eee Sees Sou Sea ris, tec Soe Saat ieee pier ora eS meee ie: ae. Seer eat rca ct nc Fae pein Fe tort shin 0s po See ts Sees Ls Sires es o's Seeaire chie nt ae Soe ins as Po ee Sane Seer —— Saeeacess ese [ae Ta the eter par of the 14 meer re aera co ie eee ts Soares wc al some yet ner eae shot om san i mae eee ree es Stores he pss’ Oe rroton, Hea sh, Oo Srey wes ain ved. ‘Wi the aera trdsction of a een eae iyust, 1920 newed efforts had been made to fuse alumi- hecomes Avid and then, quickly boils away. ‘hum oxid into transparent corundum, but This fact has mitigated against the employ Without success. Quarts, “which “melts ment of the electric. furnace in making Tigher, was fused, but the alumina, altho rubles, citer ‘ta long a8 inder the ame, Persit. aes pecowernucrED ently Became opaque when the test was nusy Femoved. One” of these experimenter ‘APPEARS. After years of fruitless endeavor has re: All these difficulties were very diseourag- corded his belief that i was impossible fo ing, and so, one by one, the workers gave achieve the desired material beeatse of this up the quest as hopeless, One day, how: ound, too, that ever, rubies were offered for sale in Europe, sublimes: that ie, whose sawrce cond not be satisfactorily. se: fhe"melting point and’ boiling point were Counted for. It wag amid explanacon S0\close together that the alumina suddenly that a ruby mine had been diseseered neat Geneva, Switzertand, bat eventually the se ert came out, Te seemed that 2. Swiss Driest. had been ex: Perimenting with nat- tral "ruby" chips ‘ob- tained” from the: lapis daries, had fused these fragments into larger ‘stones, cut them and. circulated them 3s mined rubies sprihich Was. erie Naturatty, the profit was a handsome’ ove, These reeontracte rubies, as they are termed, are ‘even yet an article. of comm merce, and_sltho the technique sof, their manufacture has een much improved, they Be, inferior ih Color, tenacity. a rapt the. art cial ruby" of which they were, the fore runners: that is, the Synthetic ruby. Since it was now conclusively” demo strated that ‘natural alumina could. be successfully fused, it only remained to apply the. same” process to. chemically Dteparcd material and the honor of “perfeeting. this indastraliy fo "Prot: “vernetot re but ie must not magi hat his tsk was fas) one oF that anyone could have turned the trick. THE GLORY OF THE CHEMIST THE SwrHETe RUBY Ne machine now used is a el aot ogden trom 1BHD to 00°C vo 4282 B). “The tow torch i bul of to concentric ws, hier te Ph Gaivies oxygen, the Iydeogen passing thr the smalarapece Between the two tubes The sss See "supplied rom co ica tank The torch ie place in vertical positon ant the powdered lured place a, ithe bos with a “Eve for a bottom an open ng irc ito the oxygen tbe This one of tany lenin il all-iortant dete which Prof. Vereui devises for ie can readily appreciated. that Shunt of fame" Greed on pile of Tight and non coherent Mina powder woud blow i ay before Ie bad any por: tunity fo attain a welding Co peti Ai, mer alee, {ited by slectroreaghetie wean ss Wt oh es Bsr CCouinncd om page s10) BRE KIC EMA “Nam100H.P.Voice for Conventions JOR the frst its bi attendance atthe Republ Hional Convention. was to0 large to hear the speaker's voice. So now clecricty, tn the gue of the loud- shepking™ telephone, wraps its | strengd dud the volee of the orator nd gives it Power and volume. tov reach. the distant ith all its" expression and its fact. “National conventions have defended more on visual rather than aud. fble'interest There has, of course, been 3 Eva = AMPLIFIERS, HRIGH POWER 2% STAGE 18 STAGE’ FON A 7 é te ni which electricity, the master ian, served clear and distinet sound to the oc cupants of the most distant seats. There ‘was little to sce of the miracle-working mechanism in the great convention hall. AB conspicuous tranimiter of speech raised up a few feet from the front of the speak- er’s platform, and overhead were suspended several receivers, rectangular wooden horns, ten feet long, with their open ends. "pointed towards’ various. parts of the auditorium, The flags and bunting were ie 2 Ob 1) TRANSMITTER TcIRC STORAGE Barres GENERATOR scieatiic interest, but there has also been a Fomantic side to the work which was most- Iy'done in the laboratories of the Bell Sys. tem, situated onone of the busiest and fotiest waterfront streets in. New "York. ‘Amit aif the rattle and ‘bang of a thous sand teams and motor tricks pounding the fone pavement teamsters thinking of tothe ing but thelr right-of-way were startled to hheae a. strange voice, apparently close to their cars. deliberately and clearly counting above’ all the confusion, “one, two, three; | Foe SUSeeNDING® TRANSMINERS | Fate chorus of as lause which all could hear, but much of ‘what has been said was read rather than heard even by those who were resent Justin time for the Repeblian, Conyen- tion the engineers of the 'elephone System successfully completed a voice ‘magnifying apparatus embodying newly dis- covered features of telephony, which the inventor of the telephone could not have foreseen, ° In the Coliseum’s vast audi- torium the experts of the American Tele- phone and Telegraph Company, the. West- gm Electric “Company and the Chicago Telephone. Company worked for ten long days installing the intricate apparatus thru isar the Speakers Even PoweR GROUT ie Wernan wt cm aes Won Seeing how it i done, the audience found Bieler Beanie pene Sais, Gets at “ppararas, ast bldden away tna anheed TE Ee ste which the Bell System placed in the Col- 2h Seal Eelsmnciae acre Sioa ieee ect tents ave been mumefous and of ‘great nantaug Talkers Enabled ‘Everyone, it Wino Gaually “Bo Not Tatk ae Loud ae the Me land Democratic Conventions Both Had the Assistance of “Madame Science” Thle Year in the Quiee of » Powerful, nen With Audion Ampiters reste Coad steg"Everyone, Weta crowd of i808 Bessie" of Boobie t5 ord four.” or reciting some rhyme like “Hick- ory, dickory, dot, the mouse ran up the clock” "Those teamsters could hardly. see gheltorn on the root ofthe lofty laboratory building, nor guess that tests were bei made which would facilitate’ the. somina: tion of a presidential candidate. ‘The best the teamsters could do was to wonder how they could hear these tests in spite of the nearest load of angle iron which was clat: teee over the cabbies ‘a ta foggy night a litle group of ! telephone. engineers crossed the Hudson River and from the roof of the Peansyl- vania Staion listened while the same ryt ‘(Continued on page 441)“Movies” of the Unseen By JEROME LACKENARUCH could SEE an ideas ifthe imagin- sors mid could be Bho ant shown to 7ou objectively ; jctrical theories “writen. about fin textbooks could {we brought to ite and represented. in. diagrams that change ‘lopment a you 100k Yearning just Row elec~ magnetism act and what really orvent le. greatly. sim- ‘ingenuity bas found a way things. In fact, anything imagined, may mow be pre ted t pietorialzed form. And this com- Daratively recent discovery af the means to Show leas in away that aayone may eom- wehead. them is de to at invention con- ted with the making of motion, pictures. ‘iiie perticular method emiloyed ie known is the animated technical drawing and is the invention of the, Bray studios. Tn showing electrical phenomena on the sereen, about 1,500 to 2000 ‘ndividual draw- ings, together "with about a dozen back- grovnds, must first be made. These are ffaced on celluloid. composition plates and See Sirsene eating Winsett (tel Mes" atnate gars Seana ars eu Fh the Broton Ns Veg oleP Mra ips to pelea ci groan tee So ae me in De: SOUT alec the moten nc cele esl of te ole set se sere tel gory nae a are cae ge ea Pe 1 Sid i he arpa st see cule al he pages ge ot ee she Bete Be oe ce rat an ee oe ai say gst oa Ser et ce oe aha Coes tae Pa ames cn ts att wea, te role aah the first attemp ‘nical drawin Th ovr in thi rst di gram the apparatus is. drawn on a black ieground, but. the wire that is disconnected is drawn on an plate, placed over he badkground and. thas bhotographed. on the ‘Sia negative. The for this is that the connecting wire emoved atid another, showing the ‘tion made (sevond figure from top), Stbstituted. "In this wa ‘(Continued 0First Electric Welded Building HE interesting. thing. about electric are. welding fe ‘not so, much the ‘method which is employed, but rather the ‘constantly widening ‘appli that hs a8 a ital proce” Smee liscovery of electric are welding, con sera progreas hasbeen made in develop. ‘various kinds of equipment to make tae more easy and. general, But the real are welding ies in nd the cauipment. Hlcctric are welding consists in_ passing the current thru the material to be welded and a piece Side of the circuit. In building construction, ne wire from the secondary winding of the welding. transformer i, connected to. the Steel frame or beams, while the other wire Connects thew a flexible cable to a. fusible Wire electrode held in an inslating handle, Heavy smoked goggles mist be used. ‘One of the noteworthy achievements of {he slectrcalengger hs een the recent lemonstration of the practical application of electric are welding t0 steel construction work ‘An electric welding company. needed a new building as an addition to'its plant Brooklyn and needed the building in & hurry, ‘The electrical engineers were confident that such a" building could welding en oe eting, and that there Were specie. advantages which would Fe- Suit from such a method of construction. In the frat place the consrcton work could be done during twenty-four hours of the day without disturbing the people ‘ether Commercial or the process vate life, because ‘absolutely ‘silent, the nerve ‘he Fiveted joint. Fourth—Th ‘wire attached to the opposite 1 By H. B. PAYNE* ra “sof riveting being entirely climinated. Second—The necessity for fab- Ficating steel is entirely eliminated, and like- wise the necessity of waiting several weeks until such parts should be fabricated and for erection. Third—By electric joints of 100 per cent strength were made possible, as against the ordinary sixty for seventy per cent strength possessed by & there was possible reduction in the actual weight of metal re- quired in the various members, and Fifth— ‘Actual tests had conclusively. demonstrated t Construction work by electric are weld- id be done at lower cost than by Before the builders could proceed with their plans it was neceseary (0 obtain Per mii from fhe varus city tun iments, and such permission. would on fe iven if certain tests were made whi fe would satisfy the building oficials that-a Th DE aera Sen meee crac toed cue se petrol come ort mall oer ain samples of welded joints were request- A specific sample of a lap weld of 14x eS SE LT SE Nes sees tae cre et ch, Fuld coe cies mime Pieced nl ope pasha elec tiealatal peated in the bar three inches, above Be weld sod Coe done = ene clos pur Scary ee rine ater eet fin of markation between the welding metal Safer ba See cited ot two ane set at Fight antes and Jop welded to intersection, the three-inch legs vertical (2| ‘Se34 inches). “This sample was. set. the ‘machine so that there was a horizontal lever arm of 8 inches from the center of pressure ip the center of weld and iteracton, ad leveloped a beam load of 11,875 pounds at the weld or a torsional stress of 9100 pounds at the weld with no apparent ds- tress to the weld The angles buckled to such an extent that they failed to resist pressure. WELDED STEEL TRUSSES FULFILL TESTS. The tests of these samples were ently gptatacon to the cy Raiding ofa ermisson was subsequently given to ceed. with the erection of the steet frame. Work, but there was still another test to be ade of the stel trusses of forty-fet spa ce nee "be aed to sata he ot, ese trusses were of fanctype of design! and all members were electially welded together, no bats oF rvets being wide The trusses were spaced twenty feet apart, sup: ported by. Bek ira ‘column 1D fet igh; on the sides of these columns brack gi were fastened fo cary an ovetead ta tling crane of fieston eapacy” The weight of each truss was about 1400 pounds. the top. and, bottom chords were composed of SSxyf-inch tee frons. and the strate were ‘Seda ieinch angles, the purling were I0-inch 1Epound channels Te rosa were designed fr a ie load of 40 pounds ‘per square foot, gach truss Supporting a panel of 800 square fect. They wwere tested at-a load of 130 pounds to the Square foot, or a total load Of forty ions on the two trusses. ‘The toad of gravdl in bags which were p » planking arranged for the purpose. Se< toto herewith Readings ‘were taken at different incre ments of the loadings for the deflection ir the truss of members, (Continued on page 418) Welded Butiding Mat ise Rive"2 Large Yacht. ‘of the Hull Spine the Worm-Shaped Propeller Which ‘Electric Ball Announces the Alarm. “ce are in. shallow water" ex: ‘daimed the captain on a large Tran: Aftan fines hich wat speeding on its way tO American shore. “How is that possible when we 500’ miles trom land?” asked ani Passenger. gong on, the wall just rang—that's my indicators ‘The question of ‘whether of not thaliow water Has an effect upon the ‘Vessel traveling thru it to such an extent that the indicator will ring, has been. posi- tively affirmed by the new device called the Sperry. Shoal Water’ Indicator and. Log ransmitter Recent tests conducted ia an effort to ob- tain information on this interesting subject have been carried out. by the principal ravics of the world during the speed trials of ‘their respective ships. The outcome of Sil these tests have given to the world facts Which have been nothing short of astound: Sipe moving in shallow water t ordi ary speed are greatly tea re gary feed re ay raphe 7 Fad ihlps traveling at 30 knots per. how, have 2 seemingly Higher rate of speed n'a like mount of water, and that the resistance oP the! water is proportionately deceased Sperry Shoal Water Indicator ‘The Arrows indicate the Current of Water Passing Thru the Bottom of the Indicating. Tube, ty ‘Connected with an Electrical Impulse Transmitter. Suitable indicating Instruments (See Fig. 2) Are Mounted in the Pilot House and on the Bridge, and When a Predetermined Depth of Shallow Water Has Bean Reached, an "The Instrument Can Be Sat to Give an Alarm for Any Desired Depth of Water, eee “ehsthlin feas eo ipods oon ties cer acto and aon veg By are mreeat ora apn ‘that a vessel traveling at 11% knots in 75 Seer eee heen ings ft of lice spee Ereaseds ‘The Use of just those conditions heretofore out: lined in a very unique manner. "A water velocity tube, about 3 inches in diameter, projects thru’ the botiom of the ship for about 12 inches, when the device {sin operating condition.” ‘There are ings at opposite sides, one facing the bow and the oer the ater, to allow for & flow ‘Of water thru the tube entering one opening and out the other, This takes place whens ever the ship is in motion, and during the course of flow, advantage is taken of the owing stream by making it tarn a helical propeller focated in the central lower por- Hon of the projecting tube, See Fig. 1. "The shait'of this propelier is geared to another shaft, which’ in turn is continued Upward to the end of the tube, where the Fmall electric transmitting unit i located, 363 anradto wwwoar Impulses {rom this unit affect an indicating frument focated in the ship's pilot Tom andi any ater parts of the veael where ‘Additional instruments may be necessary oF desirable, ” 7 "The tube itself can be raised into the hull, in which case a valve ia actuated 40 a8 10 prevent water from flowing in. All joints remade watertight and atno time eat any Berceptible amount of Water flow into the Ship, and inasmuch as the space occupied doce ot. exceed $0 inches in height, Wis realy quite a negligible quantity in a vese ‘The indicator. ond shoal water. alarm which ig laced’ in the pilot room, is con Posed of wo. dials, see Figs 2.” On the eo tper dial reading of the actual speed the vessel in knots is shown by-a pointer. fn anal slot numerical indication of the total knots traveled canbe readily deter= Inined, and inva similar slot, we obtain an fecoce of the trp distance’ travelel 1 reat exactitude, allowing for a fractional fot, reading’ down to one one-hundredth of'a knot, “A contact for shoal water alarm located at the lower center. In the lower aa SotocedeIdleses whether we ae cing ahead or asterm ln addition, an ad- Festbie ‘indicator’ shows. when the ship (Continued on page 438)Electrocuting Sharks By H. GERNSBACK the later will jump lear out of the tan ing idea is based. as_has In practice the divers are preferably pro- Been demostrated vided! with sel-contained. compressed ac in. the ‘xperi- apparatus strapped to the back and. font Satish <£Pshown ino cover tieraon | Sch Apparatus are on the market already and ext ie’hought now. The idea of using sell contained air apparatus is obvious beeause invace it'gives the diver more, freedom of adtion, count of and ‘does ‘away with dangerous ai Paey dia ievtines.” Furthermore, agg at met igh tension cal of elec wise to use these a frocu- he readily understood by a moments fee ting Action. On hoard of the mother ship fom sharks Jyhen touched by which "the divers descend, we have. the whereby the ‘wire will be usual. high tension. dynamo of about 1500 cleetrie electrocuted aie to 2000 volts, one side of the dynamo cables pt stanly with groaned. The other site comects 10 anging volt “current. high tension cable which plays out 10 fromthe GF Course “here diver sr he. descends Tie die, himelh sites ot cars bean astral pou the 2 bo: Waist as" well as heavy’ le or ship, which force him down to the bottom were fof the: ocean, Tn case he wishes baited to "rise. quickly, all he bas 4 aon do is t0 disengage the thrown Which) will male. hi ia tip to the surface of the sean Water with great speed ‘When the shark tried to devour ‘dye to’ the afr contained the bait, the current was turned jn ‘the tanks. which: Due to the fact that the ‘gives him great buoy- ‘highly conduct ancy. ing medium-—sea water-—aind as ‘At the end of fone ‘end. of the dynamo was the rubber insulated wded_on. the boat's plates, the'shatle would be instantly elec: frocuted. Of course, sch iam doce nok radii “the Ways Com: to the. surface, nor de they always take advantage of the bait In the South where the sharks are! numerous ‘and where the rl sheries and the sponge ine itstry thrive, many | antiies occur yearly due to the sharks Stacking the divers, and there i oye in se! ow which ‘safeguards the divers. With this idea in mind, the writer advances an idea which is the sobject of ur cover illustration, “In other words, we take the battle right Showing | Tito the sharks" domain. itacl”. Gonnectont of 44 We do not wait until the shark "S02 Enid the comes up so that we can pot at Qtr” Ena’ Geing) te fim, or otherwise’ destroy him, Rei gMeBRee ut we hunt right in ite own abital, underneath ‘the surface of the the problem presents itself ocean. that we cannot possibly ‘Several curious things occur when we be- touch the fish by means of gin clectrocuting sharks or fish ia this man- the live. wire, because as fer. Actual tests made by the writer have mentioned above as soon as Drought out the followin the wire. comes ‘near. him, Tafour iustration No, Tis shown a glass the fsh wil ty. frantically tlectriceable we find ‘2 sword-like pole, Which is well Insu- lated, and which may ‘be made of bamboo or any other material that aed Jensth of the pole but is ot tepated af the very end. A small point which Us) to. perce into (Continued on" page 424) ‘containing a fish, a grounded to clear out of the path o plate and a handle carrying a wire, the end the current. " Hence, it is int of which is bare. If we turn on the necessary to switch of the 10 volt current without af Teast touching current wntil the dead wire the ah, he will begin to swim around actually touches “the fsb frantically, altho no wire or plate touches ‘Then as soon as contact is, him, The’ reason is of course that the cur- establisht, the ish will of eat from the wire tip passes from the salt course be electrocuted. Up- ter to the plate, and Inasmuch as the fish is right in the path of the current, a cer- tain amount of current naturally must pass thru his body. ‘The closer the live wire Construction of Electrocut, comes to the fish, the stronger the effect ‘end will be, and if we come within about two inches from the fish, it often happens that yam:Marvels of the — ; By JOSEPH H. HRAUS : How We “Hear” ES more novel suprise nthe we a which "not only. intereat sure; ths an inerease in pressure wil force Sreryone, but which are at the same that membrane inward and the fall favors time not generally known, “Perhaps no it outward mo tore wonderful stidy bag ever presented in contradatinetion with other mem- itaef than the subject of show we heat" branes this membrane in the ‘ear. has no and even tovday this function is not very vibratory sound of fs owns in other wordo, Sealy anderstood. Tras no Period Tf i had one, would an IE a Rubber Srabe ftssit 1a Mace 0 ue Ganeed to, Vibrate in Ths, Wey encling, Lt feSes the, “Hitbber ‘ube Marked canal of aif) Sete Upon Them, and a Damper to Prevent Exceya doubtedly vibrate in resonance particular sound to which it Wwe would get a false impression of ften- sity, “However, being made cone-shape and having a ‘convexity outward with its fibers ‘The auditory organs themselves _ are ded into three pars, eterna, middle and internal ear. foremost ‘one. we Shall not consider, at the present time ‘to a tent, because it Sight fonction in bearing. Thi of construction running’ circularly and of the ear. (the external ear 0 fadilly and in addition tothe fact that ‘which we see) and the tube or canal enter: follows that each it is tightly stretched, Ing the side of the head up as far as the and every portion of the cone will have a pent cat be oni, sient tot the whole affect hearing except that fon ol the position from whence any particular ‘comes is lost considerably. ‘Sound, as has been said, is of vibratory nature, and when impinging on the drum | Many people have thought that the ear Of the ear, medically known as the tympanic drum, if broken, produces. deafness. ‘membrane, we get a rise and fall of pres- Strange as it may’ seem, such is not the americanradic Ear » and medical authorities have estab- fish the fact that even the entire absence ‘of the car drum will not produce deaf altho it does effect keenness of ception of auditory sensations of a nature. ‘The function of the canal is merely to assist in keeping out insects and dust, being lined with ‘hair and also to maintain an even temperature at the drum. Between feht far.” These bones connect the large’ mem- frane or drum with a small membrane 1/20 Rese, "This latter membrane has been termed the oval window (tenistra ovalis), and. as our diagram indicates, the bones themselves are combined into a powerful lever action lies the force of the drum plitude is diminieht two-thirds; ‘the Sure at the end (oval window therefore naturally increased one and a hhalf times ‘thru the bone action alone, (Continued om page 422) presHE. accompanying photographs illus- irate magnetic fests and. measure- ments being conducted atthe Magnetic Esboratory, Bureau of Standards, Washingtn, DC Tnveatigatons are in progress to. determine to what extent these Isboratory methods can be employed tovadvantage in investigational and commer- Gal work forthe detection of faws or ‘chemical segregations in iron and steel bars, the measuring of core loss in all elec- cal apparatus, and for any problem on. nectew wath the properties of ferrownag- ete materials STANDARD MAGNETIC PERMEAMETERS, Standard tests of the magnetic properties ‘of ferro-m-gnetic materials are made by means of the compensated double-yoke ap- paratus shown in this photograph. “The ob- Server is operating the reversing switch and ‘Watching on the ground glass seale the in~ dications of the galvanometer, while making preliminary adjustment before taking = here are several sets of mag: netizing cols for the measurement of Yar ‘us sizes of specimens. ‘The bars in the box inthe foreground are standard bars. for checking measurements. "Figure 2. HAGNESIC UNIFORMITY MEASUREMENTS. Ma ically’ uniform ‘corresponding variatic' erties. Figure Ie sancti prope For “September” Liquid Air—IWhat It Is, ond What It Does. Illustrated. Can We Live on an Electric Dict? A French Experiment, The Fourth Dimensi ind Hyper- space, by Frank M. Gentry. Popu- larly explained with diagrams ond pictures. Big Rotogravure Feature Section, Don't miss itt i | i Hammering Electrons Out of Mat- ter. By Harold F. Richords, PhD. Eclipses, What Are They? By A. M, Harding, PhD. Archimedes, the World's First In- ventor, In Rotogravure. How Big war exposition. Illustrated. Rogers D. Rusk, M. A. Murderous Rays—a gripping scien- tific story—written by a Scientist. By Harold F, Richards, PhD. Are Molecules? A pop By ‘The apparatus shown in the photograph is used {or determining the degree of mag etie-uniformity along the length of a Bar OF iron or see. The bar is maguetized by soeans ofthe horizontal coil thrarmhich it of rollers driven by an cleric motor. aviation in magnet ity are a dicated by defections of = acnative galva someter connected to test col the specimen and mounted inside the mage netzing cot Ta the phitograph the indications of the galvanometer ae being recorded on & pho- {graphic him mounted on a drum and ro {ted at a constant sped, TESTING THE STRENGTH OF COMPASS NEEDLES. One test that may be applied to magnetic compasses is to measure the strength af the ‘magnetic needles, which is called the *mag- fete moment” "The measurement is made iy noting the defection of a small suspended i ncedle when the compass. ta. be placed opposite to it This deflec- om'ipilgte om a gro lat wale by a'spot of light from an incandescent lamp Iwhthh {reflected from. small mirror ‘mounted on the suspended needle. Tn the photography @ Navy Standard plane compass it being tested. ‘The meas. {ring instrument, “magnetometer” ae it is Called, is. mounied "within ring” spon ‘which is wound a coil of wire. "By means Of a measured electric current in this coll the instrament is calibrated, so that it ic readily possible to tell just what value of imagnetie moment corresponds to. 3 certain Tefeetion on the scale. Figure 3. ‘surrounding ©First Electric Locomotive By HARVEY H. SMITH Only thirty years, ago. the first, electric ocomenive in the United States, und so far S:known, in the! word designed. for ioting freight made is tral trp from Ane tony Betiy, Connecticat. “This tocomo- ite which wa the forerunner of the hu ticiie motors in use to-day, was consid- fred’ marvel of enginecring achievement the time of its introduction. “The original locomotive which is now in the Hartford. barns. of the Connecticut Company, and a mode of which appears the accompanying photograph, was con- structed by the Pullman Palace Car Com- pany and weighs 35,000 poiinds. The elec- Tie equipment, consisting of 4 76 HLP. mo tr, nas manufactored bythe Depoele Elee- tte Manufacturing, Company. “The first tral trip took place May 1, 1888, oerthe Ansonia-Derby, Birmingham roate IMordering the car it had apparently been {ncgotten that low railroad trestle existed teat the Derby dock, for i was found that Be boty of the car was too high to allow dkranee.” The roof was accordingly Sorel and a collapeibie trolley frame i: ovised for the intial trip. On one side of Revpassage under the ralrosd trestle was Wg'a bo containing 2 flexible insulated Silie which was confected. to the trolley Sire, the free end being a brass. contact Sct. "When the. collapsible frame was Gnered to the roof, the plog was iscrted 1 socket contained in he" wooden block tng of te eg near the mae ok te eae ‘Frame, and the cable was paid ot ereby providing power for the car to op" fate under the teste Tminated copper brahes were wed, and «ithe brush holders would sometimes work Scie he metorman wally stood wah and’ pressing. om the han slder to secure good contact!” Asa result f' Sparking, the ens ofthe brashes fre tently fused, making necessary to te ig a of shear cared fon the depose, “Think of itt? In cane the Toco: tote moved backward unexpectedly the tis of the brushes ‘would’ catch in the le of the brush © Perhaps ce Model of Provably tne Fest Pr 2 "in sbas, ex Initial Sourney Fist We Hail commutator bars and bend over, also neces iat ming the cong before pro. ‘eMning arvestors had not been intro- duced) and’ burnouts, often resulted from electric storms, "So frequent were the de- # rom th source thatthe management edhe practize of suspending opera: ton daring storms: ‘The freight motor had the distinction of being. reversible and iterefore ‘could be operated. from ether nda feature which the passenger cas @id Sot have at this time. “the motorman’s postion when operating fet ot its Type in the ‘wort. iuge success, was inside of the body, where he stood in a pit or depression in. the ear floor, a pro- ion necessary to give him "head clear- "The only untoward event of the frst trip was a derailment half way to Derby june- ton, but no serious delay resulted and the management considered the first trip a “huge success,” ‘The Ansonia Sentincl said of the trip: . "All aboard for Derby,” Someone shouted and a man seated on the top of the car swung the traveler around to the wire, the current descended, and away sped the car like a thing of “life.” Better Telephone Booths ‘Another ull of ath Booth In the Farm of a Ci By HK. H. HAMILTON ‘The atmosphere of a telephone booth on a heated day’in summer will be more bear- able when the new design comes into gen gral use.” It is operated by a string, and fangs from the wall enclosing the user to about the hips of an average height per fon. The bottom isnot closed /as is seen thm permits'a free circulation of air at all times Tn operation a user finds the telephone fully exposed. and’ the booth door Foled back gat of sight. Within two signs read= fng—“Please" pull. cord" are. in evidence, first use of cord closes the booth door around the ser, the second permits it t0 oll back into. its original. position. when fot in use, The door is a circular last fone working easily on’ three-pont ‘ball bearings. The new booth has many advantages to recommend it, First, it requires Tess ma- ferial to build, and second, less space Tor Kea Installation. “Dust and dirt that hatu- ally collect on the. floor ‘of the. closed tooth fs avoided as the floor is readily sc- Eeaible tothe scrubber of the regular Foor oor where booths hang from the wall ‘Booths of this description are being used in Boston and several other cities, and have been invented by a regular telephone man, Mr, John J. Barry, a telephone manager in an Eastera city.Jules Verne The World’s Greatest Prophet By CHARLES I. HORNE, Ph. D. Professor, College of the City of New York the scientific students, young and ‘old, of the present generation rea~ ‘of what they owe to the last Tize one hal that remarkable master o step of some new machine, but” in. the broader sense of ‘having conceived, fore seen, planned out the general oad along which vadvancing science was to make its way.” That was. Verne's real service, He ladle bed Tl ite art ae ae Iara Saou case Bane Ave lt SESSA St tl om ig ei ett Re Toi at rain ae Se SEES LS SOC ees ‘Aoshi i Myer apr vel a ibd Hf cee tar ed Sata Sta he a green Hyreae fe Mit Wap Te eed Weer Ene Tt Morac SPE Gea ay aah atedaael Gator cs She ey Uinta Sh See Ahan esha ate cad Rie arcs Peet otter ake Surat tt ce ven at Bn pone read eat ee gy ye OS Seaniteee Weaehls Gre at wea caning" Vente ot will they ‘be achieved?", but only “How i Ton hr, Var lm h ve snc arcs ae Knows “Twenty Thousand Under ea Bhai? 28 iene oP eae Rint Ti Stearate woke Minuit ena Ss Ee ranitidine cae, Ihe Aenea Iver Dake i 100, and 1 Se at sated aa yaar ee Ce Gree Senay Bild cs Yen ° SoU oT Si Hee” pb a eee tee as rie Oeeend Ba rts, SE Gera ctietantar vant eect sama. oy ied suttaaRevte paeremrl ie ae ihrer Fhe ee, SE sera Ne wal! fete a PC NC ae ee tig is SE Spal SR En, ame oe cs rears eels ‘So too with the air-machine. ‘a “Robur ie atts a only pictured the conquest of the air, as it say Bri i ee ft is aration Le Be wemtagent stig SERS Rm PRE ena Se wo ne te Wa ie amici oe Me et Sea tietates, Gea igi” the Zeppelin, prove itself of tle value compared to the easily controlled Mooi coraanwnsi ts ‘iss seaplane, Tin the aerial, realm land vehicles, Verne’ dev with _ time. ‘machines in “Robur the Conqueror” fore the marvelous machine depicted in his later book "The ‘Master. of the World” Here the earlier hheroy Robur, reap tan invention ‘which travels equally inthe ar, on the land, Sethe cay an under the sas’ We ae Jat Stumbling toward that’ development today, ‘The seaplane travels on the water of Sn the ars we have a new automobile which sccks ihe‘ald of wings: "Las month ofr sent rs were taking of a. practical water= Ettomotlle, or equal sea and land traveler. So. step by” sep we are. overtaki maser He inno longer with us to poit Yeon and ever on. Electricity is prominent in all of these THERE ie hardly ciiaed inan beg “dey who Yar aot Keord’ of Yulee Verne. and ‘his mmorovious “Kienife prophecies, @ Froczmany of hich hace come frat Fe fortecicd the submarine, the ape honcgraph, and dozens of shipy the phonograp of tons lon before the re. Specie tcenors Rad oe dreamed ire The sccompenying arte % Professor Horne is particularly valuable for the reason that Mr. Frome nol only has rondlted a good ‘many Jules Verne's books from the Foote ito Emglahy bet at” ase ‘edied the only Sompete English set Of all of Jule Pernes writings ond orth reson is preceminntly fed Bo doth great sibech asics We Ences that or readers wll appreciate Bh ery import ticle Eaton, st, egy we te Soran ae a world, ‘In some books he parses electrical She era Frcrucrctn, Be crn Eior fs had made one’ for a The Flats Island” depicts dozens of electrical and me= chanical devices. It reaches beyond the fele- phone and describes 2 telautograph” by Which electric messages are, written, and a “ainetograph” by which electric pictures are drawn, ‘As to. chemistry, Verne’s “Dr. Ox’s ex- periment” foreshadows the value of oxygen fas a0 a stimulant and reviving force. His ‘Star of the South” deals with the making of synthetic diamonds. His “Underground ‘City tales us into the miner's world of coal and its dangerous gases. Comprest air and comprest food are among the master's ear- leg conceptions. fost marvelous perhaps stories of great guns and high explosives. In the World War when Germany suddenly ‘Sombarded Paris from a. seventy distance, many scientists declared the thing absurd, impossible. Paris, they said, had ‘the years after Verne's fall are his known been bombed again from, sir machines, not bombarded by 'a-gun. They should ‘have Keown tii Jules Verne Beker He rat concept of sich a cannon, hurling pro Jestile at once above the atmosphere and’ 0 wzaping fect tra th main uae of Was develoged fantastically in is ip to, the Moons” We have tot yet plied tn gn pn wich hs voyagers our planet's tion; but our scentsts now tell us th Ne could do soit i would be of any “earthly” use. ‘More nearly ia ine with the actual devet- ‘opments of the War were the expos Dletured by-the master in his “For the 2 truly iluminative work, and in bis “Pur— hase of the North Poe {ng of al in its preknowledge caplosives and’ destructive ofthe human forces beh "Nations of the But ost ama: of guns and ses, nd. also them, was his im.” When in. the feath I was called on iat defnitve editon of hs work, T eit it necessary to apologize Yor the 2" book with its ‘ideous and awful iste of the German sje an ready in lestruction, so exact with his’ mechanigms, 0 brutal in his soulless use of them.. Even Wwith the master's word for i, 1 could not then believe in such 2. German mind. You will understand’ the World War better if you reread the vision of ‘ terrible ook, writen decades before. the jorid ‘The present brief review can not cover the entire field of Verne's romances, In the realm of travel and adventure he was as preeminent as in the realms of science. Witness, for instance, his’ "Round the World in Eighty Days." of which each daily installment was cabled word for word from ‘France to” America that an eager public here need not wait & steamer’s pass ge and thus remain so much behind their wrench co-teaders. Or witness his “Michael Stroghoff," which became the great dra- matic spectacle of the age, Tn hie. “Desert of Ice" he carried us to the) North Pole and made ts se its Bleak ‘empty world very much as Peary ‘ince done. "He built a story also on the South Pole. “The Sphinx of Ice.” Here, however, he avowedly caried on a fantasy begun with our great American romancer, Pot; so Verne ‘was pledged to, Poe's be- ‘innings and visualized for us a southern World of heat and wild peoples and elect teres wholly foreign to the Blea cal myst ting fand’ Shackleton and other’ explorers, have since explored. The “Sphinx of Tee” thus ‘ands alone as the one Verne booke which time has contradicted. ‘Of sil further reachings into the un- known, on which, man cannot yet render a verdict, were Verne’s “Journey tothe Genter of the Earth,” which no man seems soon likely to achieve} and his “OR on a Gomet,"" which takes. the reader to our Sister planets, Yeti s.notable that in both these books, as in the “Trip to the Moon” and. its continuation, the “Tour of the Moon,” later knowledge ‘has followed the ines suggested: by Verne, “Here again in: stead of playing ‘ith idle fantasies of un- ‘worlds, the master studied all ‘we know of other planets and ‘our own, and Kenly judged. what conditions vi theter work mold be ot Hikey encounter, His genius searched ever for ‘(Continted om page 421)Water—The Elixir of Lit By WILLIAM M. BUTTERFIELD "OULD you, gentle reader, wish to W: ‘modern’ Ponce de Leon and fil away, as he did ins high- ooped: Spanish galleon made gay ‘with silken atreamers, embroidered ils; would you, sur- band of jolly noblemen, as tp he rpreriouy Teen World im-fringed shores of Bimini; woul ‘with this gallant company, seck on the lanes of this garden of the seas for the fountain of Perpetual Youth; would. you fa nervesracked, supersensitive modern © Bens ih fo be young agnn and live hap- ould you? Of course you would! aurely, deep down somewhere in your lies this inherent longing, fully as old a ‘ace, oF born beneath the cinnamon ‘ight thousand or more years azo, fountain as mysterious and illusive as ever, for there ace no authentic records of per- manent transformations, or even cures hav- {ng been made during this age-tong search Would you like to know why? Twill try to tell you, and at the same time help. you Alacover the rel fountain of heath hot ‘of perpetual yout There actually are only a few pounds of water and a litle charcoal that constitutes the difference be tween the. vigor fous body. of ‘youth’ with round rosy. face and the hrunl thea all these years, the orld has Beem Seeking. some peeulir kind of water, ihe isnot mystifying when we conse Hab the average adult, say of average weight: i ‘composed of 138 pounds of pla ony’ 12 pounds of “highly organised or woman, Just 12 pounds 0 tails of waicre” Water ig-a8 any oneseaa ce of considerable importance n our phic al makeup, but the old Hindoos, Pontes oe ion or oor average chicas eh of this well-snown Tact a3 it be} yet en Sought or fs seeking’ for help {tom Wales this the strange part of the whole slong ‘Pushing the investigation still farther, ge find ‘that the anatomy of man, tho Hbetal ireimated, is comparatively slid a6 animals fo, for there are innameratle others more mfelly supplied ‘with “agus paral species “of sunfish often caught om Mell Shores of Long’ sland, and” sometimes doo sages taught their Brabminical follow ti thag Founainof You eised st Yountaa, our modern pablcty Experts place in acca a modes Brat wie ispe, ett eat: eee wees eaten ag the Brahminical adepts did on their fa- mous journey across the seven rivers of the Ponjaub; such is the great desire and long- ‘ing for Youth, ie ancient philosophers had. a, belief, quite like the modern one you will have to admit, that to see, or at the most taste oF ‘bathe in the waters of this mysterious foun- ‘was sufficient to bring perpetual youth, Heahth “and vigor to any jone fortunate to reach it. Ponce de Leon set out fon his memorable pioneer tour with this be: Hief, and millions of the more fortunate of ‘ts have been doing the same thing, ever ‘since then. Yet it is, strange to relate, a cn. shanke and withered. features of an ld man—yet yor cannot obtail the difer= fence’ from a magical fountain of youth; Nac fre never does Her work by. gerforming what man is pleased to call “miracles Tnirsculous as that work may seem. We mile at the hyzmns of the Vedas for por traying their deities as living upon the earth lifetimes, extending over tundreds of thourands of years, at in the cave of Vish boo,—yet Listen reapecttully to any physician of ordinary reputation express, with post Bvely- no: prook, a belief that the men and women of our time should live 200 years, Xnd we believe, tho he falls to give 4 rem cy. that carries a universal larantee, to {sure those who try his plan, that they vill furely reach that Sallie tine” ‘The pro- Rouncement voices, you see, the same old Aerie that in as prevalent; and we cannot help believing 1 may seem strange to the reader why, 370 a's Sais cara Sar cin oo ee eS SEU Roe ta on Googlg al‘They’ wnt in Than in My" Vain, Pounding aly Barat The “Ultimate Ray” JO Trevis Reynold, 1 am indetned for the one big. aventore in my otherwise drab fand. prosaic exist fence, Yor had he not Savtally men tioned "Marvel ‘Creek as. an ideal trout stream, I might never have discovered Hennes of Pax arate and woud consequent have avoided an experience o ncanny. and exquisitely terrifying nature Usa on Sa tha oie you ead this marrative will tagely ar heads and. menaly observe that Ueriee not all dead yet” I realize that Ieigiyccredence to a tle at's nd ike ie ecedence to 2 2 lice fiston from, the teas ‘of dele ok rare hain ot do aak he to remember that th Strides of medern science have made por ‘sible a score of inventions which other ren- rations must have looked upon ts 20 "F- fatural, 25 uteri beyond Human ach ment MiBelng chet ‘electrician in_a large com. fercia Tithographing establishment 1 foond Title time for recreation during the, lom Minit montin, and scoring looked Wward wih genuine pleasure to. my two Mecks vacation inthe fate Spring, ‘when 1 Si gry Irom he eral enh of i racking. din of the Vidor Bisse atseane book: mwas to have Wa vacation at the By RAY WHITCOMB same time, an as we bath nope fishing ean Gade iu ot Mare Crook mace ley. rue ot Mar fowad us casting in the cool, acing waters ot'a mona streams many aes from the real of the cig.” [had excellent Tock ir coon was feromcunty bangers Atte Thestey meal eke Beyes to doce do the farm Sinahing, ‘and, alipping’ a hatcet in iny belt started out for'a soll up-ateeam, i ‘randered along the bans, heeds of time, "cambering over. boulders siting down to re ontusionaly, poking stones st {rete cumbling rocks int te riotous wars nd ehaving’peneraly” ke eome. "raat schoolseyy when suddeny Tilt shill In Serpeiee i piasoed ef the sty. The wn sri ha been shining Bly when tt Was justdisppearing behind the dare th et donc an oters. ng fow and threat ting over te surroonding bills. dextly silence prevailed, the awesome and ominous talp of Nature’ which preldes' a’ mighty outburst, ‘One lance was sufficient to cause me to start rapidly retracing my, steps. Colder frew the air, and colder; while the increas {ng gloom rendered my progress more and foore dificult. Once, I slipt, narrowly ‘missing a bath in the cold waters, and now came a distant rumbling that rolled and echoed weirdly, T decided that is was useless to attempt + 372 to reach camp before the storm, and asa ig. raindrop struck m_ neck, followed another on my arm, and. yet another, turned and started inio the woods in search of some. tempora ler. Lightning flickered faintly in the south and the dark= ‘ness became 40 intense that T could scarce ly see-the trees about me, ‘The downpour increased and soon a. dazzling flash of lightning streaked across the heavens, followed by a mighty clap of thunder. In the ensuing darkness, 1 strucle 25. nor oa RE . oo ele ee a oe ee ee eee caught © fleeting ance of comehing 2a looked like a wall not far off, and ee Prec ae oe and’ went stumbling Shady fo ee Repeal feet avay stood shows veiling (a ‘te dor, arterial ee mere Cnet aa ae Miay 08hThe “Master Hey” By CHARLES S. WOLFE FOLLOWED Fenner thru the door of Davidson's office, We found the worthy Chief of Police seated behind his desk, from which vantage point he greeted us with an tnusually cheerful “good morn ing? Tie seemed in rare good humor, and T hoted the quizzical uplifting of Peancr's Gyebrows ashe advanced 10 the desk and Feaned lazily against it We “reccived. your message, | Chief,” drawled Fenner, “and we came right dow What have Wwe boxer, masher, Ta ceny of alsdvction ort a BUT he! winsow! Davidson taughed outright, Involuntary I started" eas the fat time hat had heard a laugh out of the usually taciturn Chick “Intact, | firmly" believed that the ery farthest he would ever get in that Mirection would bes broad grin. And 1 Fealized that something” unusvally, humor- fs must have come up to betray the police Tread into open mirth “None of the bunch you so glibly named, Joe," chuckled Davidson "in fact, we have vathing, Everything is going ices don't need you at all. But Tve got a bird fh my private office there who, needs, you Halls. "TM say he does. Oh, boy! Wait ‘ill you hear his. story ‘Sounds ineresting.” admitted | Fenner. “What is. it? Usually obedient daughter sloped with the “family chavifeur—some Aine of that sort? Davidson rose. “Come on into the office and Jet him tell you the storg himself," he Said over his shoulder, as he led the way, nd with aroused curiosity we trailed after at the table was a well drest young man whose face bore no trace of the mirth that seemed to have gotten the best of Davidson, As we entered he glanced up -atickly, and T imagined saw the shadow THow Dis Me Get Out, Thent That's the Mystery, liscgecrttyee Rr cao Sie mere eet Dray dts ee eat quiere yee meet eee eed Pesci as sea selves across the table from Watson, 1 be- gan studying him covertly. For he wag’ a Well-known figure around our town.” Son OF one of the wealthiest of our citizens, he ‘was prominent in all the big social actrvities ‘the “upper set," and @ member of all the exclusive clubs. “His name was’ con Stantly*appearing i the public prints, and Trade the most of this Spportity to et a Tine om the man, 374 He spoke in low, cultured tones, not Hook iy at oh and fying wih 8 DADE ‘unable to give me the mater cannot suppose he's right, and also 1 admit: that I'am showing poor sportsmanship i ask= ing aid in this Dusiness, but you wall tinder: stand that itis not the money involved that Jeads me to yniair play. Lam ina fair Way to become the laughing sels of the Gilg Bi itne Be Coches.” Raa an a aos 5 Sates and, at all costs this_must be prevented? ‘And what i the difically, Mies Watson? Fenner ‘asked politely, a# the cube paused. is a silly bet that I was foolish to make at the Lynx Clob with young Fale Yesterday alten We ‘were diachasing Jome of the popular books of the day, finally worked around. to a detective story which i having quite a rum. Maybe youve Tead the thing’-chap is murdered in a room vhich there is no apparent ingress pose Sible without detecion™-that sort of stall Tfemarked that all this kind of business twas deivel-that in everyday life such things ould not, and-did not, wake piace. Young Fair, with all the romantieisen of youthy dee fended the writer and his can, things occurred in reality that-oxtdoge the (Continued on Page 431)>vw “Fireless Fireworks” ipaing, creat "your home ‘some Rint dod thtowing team of ight 50 avert that swan sanding mule Eety inthis beam would have. ght enough Tead'a newspaper! ream be [s: attaching a searchlight to the done. This is not to say it will be done ‘often; however, for various protective de- Vices’ would be necessary. But the incan- Gearon, St Seat etree erat cree {able self replacing’ arcs of” medium Hb, SS ice Ea ay one of ek seer aa! ea ae sone ee Ing system ia the midst of an illumination Cafnival The powerful beam of 18 search fights, playing thru the heavens that nig we tat by fncondescent lompe—a fart Khown to most of the thousands who wi nest the celebration. "These 18. beams. wrought skilfully pro- dete olen and Cran of tam Ine eat, softtinted phosphorescent fans Frente, They atcaued the ack sky wits fy, tracing bombs up into the might and dyeing litle clouds of powder smoke: with Siriegated tints ‘They fumed the glare of Driisery fireworks into a radiant efulgence Sich au, few Saratogany ‘had ver sco ‘Thete brillant ight helped make memorable the Saratoga festival of light. But their use ig by no means limited to yspeciacular ilkimination. "The incan~ ect fast reac the are i sary lights of the type wed by river steamers CSastwie vestes, "Where's tower or high tuarmed on its new street light- t By E. W. DAVIDSON Of the General Electric Company pad ere elarmatae vg a ea am sean opin seer ‘are too dimly lighted by. ordinary flood ite i Me ge Woe comic Progen raha Sede scotttiae tte ge Ae aur ounecay ence ane the a Sey ernie one mie, weatins, The Berte sides wees a ores cae say and ey coe lege laes ie see sia Soa oe an ee Pe een eset 'W. D'Arcy Ryan and his corps of experts in the cal Electric Company's a as cereale coerce sete Ener bert, wh made th area of ah as ard an eet Sy nh eat hy ound bat eed oats a ae ne eer: Ge alee Zancat way Rene eect serous dee Tae real bone eri ae Sereda ord crea oa! tae oscar se SSS a tap a geek gf rodeo fey oe tem Hee codlcrorgy ke em a See eee ot mounted in a single plane. this arrangement presented to the mirror. The oer two, secure, greater concentra tion for longer throws by operating at far Tower voltages with correspondingly higher currents, A 32-volt, 1000-watt lamp, good for about four million candle-power, has four perpendicular coils mounted at, the corners of closed square. The third and most powerful of all is a 12-volt lamp of 100 amperes capable of developing as high au twelve milion candle-power jn a beam Of 3 degrees. “It has a grid of five coils Of course, 10 ‘operate these lamps on land, transformers oF resistances are required, depending upon ‘whether the circuit is alternating current or direct current. ‘The 32-volt lamp will oper- ‘No Appurtenances on the average boat’ circuit, which is Usually of 32-volts pressure. ‘The globes for all these lamps Hard glass ead glass beng too soft to-withstand the tremendous heat generated. Beginning this year, sane Fourths of July have taken on new glory with the brilliant aid of these "incandescent searchlights, Spectacular color. effects and beautiful ‘ground and aerial displays have been worked ‘ut by Mr. Ryan for. scores of ‘great out- oor night pyrotechnics such as those at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, the Hud- son-Fulton celebration and other illumina ly famous. Many of these stations which could be used and doubtless will be used in “freless fireworks” shows of the future based on incandescent Ssearchlights which cost less, operate more ‘economically and are far more adaptable to eng contitions than are searchlight of The Chances For Experimental Chemists HE r-e din o, en Tiaras ig cats ete eet ea aot hy Se yk an Sore Wes peer Seine aera se He wig ester sesh Sci ape gene an Eos ers misty. ‘Due to German supremacy in the chemi- cal industry, this country was, before the epenent pon Germany’ for a large rportion of the chemical products needed Erk industries, and when the German mar- kets were closed to us, many of these in. dustees were seriously affected. We must Secure. chemical independence from Ger- any as well a¢ make the world “sale for Semoctacy The war of arms, in. which wer strove to destroy. Germanys itary Pupremacy, brought about a war of brains in rik ee must combat fer shemical su premacy, “Every experimenter in the coun- hid get working knowledge of the Pelniples of general chemistry, and if pos: Bible of analytical and industfal chemistry, el ord, ht he may be prod {0 play his part ia the struggle to free the Bolted ‘Stafes from its dependence upon any foreign country i 1° writer therefore suggests that a Na tional toclety be formed to. promote the study of chemistry, and that Science. & inemeemow’ sponsor the movement and: act 25 the obi publication of the society. Scamrea’& Invasion is the best Bted Taman Sj] ANA CET ‘convulting and. anelytical spa patie ae Sh does soit cuenta poor tear for such a task, Its je amateur wireless sragarpe inthis coun work in organizing ‘operators of the country, and in building up ‘the greatest amateur wireless association in the ‘world, is well known, and it has a tplendid reputation for supplying the latest ind mort authoritative witeete and elect gal pews foie readers. and it would b Tt is already pub- number of chemical articles, bbe but'a step from this work tion of a national society for 2 sort of Junior American "The object of the society would be to en- for chemical supplies for amateurs, so that the supply houses will be justised tn carrye ing ange soc of supple, and i scling them cheaply. ‘This last point is very ime portant. When the wireless game was new, End there were but'a few wireless exper imenters, the: demand for amateur wireless imaterale and instruments was 9 small hat Supply houses carried very incomplete li and were forced to charge almost prof tive prices to make any probe at all As more and more experimenters became ine terested in wireless, and an they became bets ter organized, the demand fo? instruments nd materials became 40 great that the supe Bly houses were able to carry a much more Yaried line, and sel i cheaper. Thig move: iment went on until great variety of ment "was available” at very "reasonable Brice, and the study of wireless was within the reach of almost everyone. “The same thing wil be true of the study of chemist, HE large mupber of Perimenters” take up the. study, organize, ake known their wants, the supply housed will begin to carry large lines of chemical Sguioment nd agents at low pricey and isin turn will encourage more experi= mente to ake op the, Wonk nl & grat organization wil be built up which will ofFimmense service to the country tn de- ‘eloping chemists to meet the ever-growing need SOHN C HENDERSON ‘(Member “American Chemical Society). rage the stat of ehenfatry, to bring al Akron, © cmital experinenters iio one wrest (dm ezcellent suggestion, We would like teat, fo cable Toa ccs fo be ther fom ow hee) het chmod of experimenters wh lve in te othe ideas Write at one same locality, and to build up a market ollf—Editor| ad 37 sanradio am:ODD PHOTO CONTEST ‘See Page 315 of Rotogravare Section for Photos. $1.00 Paid for Each ODD PHOTO Accepted and Publisht 1. A REAL “DYNAMIC” PICTURE. What do we see here?—dynamos growing in -gardene? Well, “things aren't always what they scem to be,” and this is no. ex- ‘ception to that rule. This freakish photo was produced by a double exposure, show jing in the foreground a man and woman seated ona bench among abundant foliage, And in the background a powerful. dynamo, So large that the man in front of it is only about three quarters otis eet ‘Contributed by HORACE ROURKE. 2, SOME HIGH FREQUENCY SPARKI?? ¢_ This isan a icemingy reat Bih Eee peadared by ihe nlaaion eh omen. Dayan, Bashieht which "was {sed for the purpose of focusing properly: nd the movement of the fashlgght to and bout the group pictured, was recorded on the, fm after the shutter ad een opened. ‘Contributed by HARRY L. BURNAT. AN, UNUSUAL NIGHT. PHOTO: sis picture of the illuminations the "Parliament Buildings and Post Office” of. Vietoria, Canada, taken at. night, by means of a twenty-five minute time expos- "Contributed by G. V. MALLOWS. 4. A SKYROCKET IN MOTION. picture at rst glance would sppar- ently appear to be one ofa skyrocket, taken Sth Ie'fight, but in reality ie an’ actal Thotograph ofthe path taken bythe moon, Sometime in July, 1919.""Very ‘few. photos of this nature have ever given satisfactory rest, andi na ety ten tha the tnoon eam sohed in this manner tnd sil have the pace show its actual bath a clearly a5 th Conirbuted by EDGAR R. MALLORY. 5, UNUSUAL “LIGHTNING” PHOTO ‘This print was made from one of several plates’ exposed. during, a thunderstorm at hight some time ag. gl Mond upg the tone most step of and. faced direc across the rect. "Down the street to the ieft (about 125 yards) was a. street lamp of the are type, Before opening the shutter snd drawing the slide, I faced the shadows ‘of the porch rather” than risk a. fash coming when I'was in the middle of the ‘operation. “Then ‘with the camera all act, WPSwung around “and ‘pointed it at the storm, A flash came, and 1 turned the camera away to the ahadows, bot upon sec- nd conaderation, decided thatthe fash Was not brilliant enough, and would expose the same. plate. again, which 1 did, and aught a ery iid sh fron developing the piate, 1. was_aston- ished at the reall snd have. since Bgured it'ou this way: ‘The two fashes are of Sourae ‘understandable, and T Agure that the other ines were caused by the are lamp inv the distance, as 1 swung ie camera {fom darkness under the porch, to the sky. Where the solid ine changes to'doted ones, the let i cased, according to my theory ly the speed of the moving lens separating the, atemating current feeding the are. ‘Contributed b LANDON W. L. EDMONDS. 6 RE-INCARNATION?It Do you believe in re-incarnation? If not, perhaps another look at the accompany Photograph may change your opinion. The Individual pictured, evidently has faith ia the motto, “If at first you don't succeed, try, try again!” and is making an easy mal ter’ of studying “Skull”-ography-—enjoying 2 “weed” at the same time. Contributed by GERARD ZANKE. 7, X-RAY OF DOLLAR WATCH. Herewith is soown an X-ray pitare taken ofa dollar’ watch taken thru the. 1/iee thick Grass plate enveloping the works, which latter fare. very clearly shown. A hain and glasses were alo attached to the sah at ths are min fetes fh Extrasedinary photograph. Xray pictores Sieh an thie pects when taced under Srdinary ‘conditen, very seldom if ever five the Splendid results obtained in this Photo. Contributed by HENRY VOGEL. 8. SOME GHOSTLY HANDS, EH! WHAT? seh a ie me mold preset ahetare ofa prof ght anda ft fone other than 2 photograph of light Ting arrester used of aiatetion ine tests fort the purpotesof determining the wet fathover vaage, to approximate the Op iain condone Taree wa es Sdon'ed cycles the eapacty of ie testing Shee eng “Sb aioe” rhe voting Spied inthis ease wae 000, the invlator Being very wee “fhe Ranh pete used be dingy inthe arreset Phe or aap was Ta or 1000 wh dsttice. ‘Contibted by” W. Gs McKENZIE. 9._A“TANE” IN ACTION? This is a photograph of a miniature tank in action, and 1s s0 very Fealistic in appear= ance that it is indeed diealt to Believe Tat she sarding, weird eects were pox lighting fects were Sone by lacing a small amount of flashlight powder direct! in front of the camera, and the results were Contributed by ‘GEORGE ALEXANDERSON. 10, HE SEES HIMSELF FIVE TIMES! This photograph is one of a man seated a enkereniy Be dierent placa, around the table. It was taken by one exposure of the film Two large mirrors were placed at right angles on top of the table, and the gon sat directly in front of them, with it back to the camera. ‘Thus the only” at. thenti photograph was taken was a poorly lighted bne, thereby makeing i necessary t0 employ Sribcial means of ilumination-hence. & S00-watt nitrogen bulb was placed just over ihe, camera, producing ‘the desired results ‘Contributed by CARLETON SUTLIFE, 11, AND WHAT IS THIS? ‘The weird looking picture shown here- with is one of “The Gyroplanes” in motion at Luna Park, New York, taken by means ff a time exposure, This is indeed an odd photo!” And the effects produced are not Alone beautiful in ‘appearance, but are sel- Gomly obtained in such a. striking aspect. Who’ could guess on Brat inoection, that this quer photograph, was one taken of the revolving ‘Contributed by K. STRICKFADEN. 12, REMARKABLE ICE-COVERED "WIRES. ‘This is a photograph of some remarkable saint g moral tse taal scented Se a aig aoe ey ee ee ee CE aap, wae es heey ae ne i lows ie pe leoaere hes Eee ieee ome be ling ae ee sate ceo es Say AGE a BAB Wtuce, French Airmen Predict Ten-Hour Transatlantic Flight To fly from Franee to New York in ten hhours isthe latest and most ambitious dream of French airmen and inventors, ‘They de- tare that it wil be done within the next few years by means of two new inventions, which enable ‘an airman to fly at a height 5f 40.000 fect, where, owing fo the reduced air_pressure. a speed of 430 kilometers (Za2le miles) an hour can be maintained ‘Two difficulties which face the inventors are, frat, fo secure the fanctioning of the fngine and driving force of the propeller in that rarched atmosphere, and, second, ccure a life-supporting atmosphere for saeely‘Stecoae s,s Py Li was recently used. sutenant Hem Roget, who flew from Paris to Lyons, 2 distance of nearly 285 miles, ata speed of 156 miles an hour. | Roget flew at 2 height (of 15,000 to. 18,000 feet all the way and was ble to. maintain his speed in the rarched atmosphere by means of an invention which comprest the ajr fed to the carbureter to normal atmospitere. ‘Since then a controlled trial has shown that a motor giving 178 horsepower at water level and ninety-five horse power at 1300 feet. can be made to give 166 horse power when the air is comprest by the new Apparatus. To that extent the effect of Tarefcation of the air has been overcome, and it seems certain that, the principle hav will be rapid. 378 ww. americanrac ing been established, further’ developmer: ‘The sccond difficulty is to secure breath- ing air for the fiers.” The example of the submarine. is here invoked. ‘There is no more dificulty, it is stated, in making an inclosed chamber provided with aif at Normal pressure which will travel above the clouds than in making one which travels Irelow the water. Once these two problems are effectively solved full advantage can be taken of the onsresistanee of the ‘upper air.” To ‘quicker ne. will have only to go higher, tnd el “ney, too Shape, for, the ‘Sates ace less uct wit be burned days we will have a night ‘blancs following the dawn across “and dropping down in New breakfast‘cience and Invention for August, 1920 379 , Not to Mention a Most of Pieasure a, “Switches: Eters Thue Mi reait the Inatructers: Who School Has Miniature Railroad “Learn how to do things, by doing them” tirely by radio-dymamics, or better known systems which assist the pupils in correctly See oko EB Sere San as wicless controls Bach individual tram. dapetching the iret even when the nooks ‘phe sSons, ind in nde fcr out Gan be ac rveasd o spt athe ll veloped dake fet tp beteer advantage, this schoo spatcher indspendesiyof any otter “The honetic system, of memorizing is Ke cet tg Beste advanage, i tool of he daptches dcpendey of ay lier "The phonic sytem, of memoring. i ‘ansconigental railroad system, including Course by the use of these tclegrapht instruments, to that complete thong other things sidings, yard, switches, Sicfoot ich stop and stare off uceranh struments, otha 2 eee crite with Seemapheree train order spain on their fan SoU Je Sclemaphy at the same tine may Tank switchboards and telegraphs con- “The semaphores at each station enable PE,cotsineg Many, raroad, ofits whe Fife Gch sation wilh anoutcte{65- another method of ting lof thet cqupmen were amazed and plac bythe Faphtwire aad ‘one with the dispatchers arc worked automaticly, the same as in Soubpert, were amazcd,and natal by Soe’ and of ‘course, & complete telephone the Eee a eon SS ee ait eea sem or : lng, seme: YRrextremely unique feature is added, phores, signals, markers, and switches, of Photo courtesy Canadian Schools of Teleg- enh that of Sontoling the caine cor any attr’ are'equip with elec lightiog raphy ond Reloading. Electric Light Cures Diseases NE of the main objects fof the. invention here itastrated is to. provide body and the edges of each of ne Aesompanying, Mugtrasion the End plates ofthe respective fherajeutic Devices fo; sections; this cloth serving, to anlage Lower Portion of prevent egeape of heat from the fhe Body, Eapecially for "the casing. After the patient has AN Rane sabahe been properly placed upon, the fot and the casing. has. been Sosed as. described, the lamps Src illuminated. s0 34, to. gen- rate light and heat. ‘The fight dand heat rays are directed by the reflecting inner surfaces of the sections of the casing onto the patients body and penetrate the fame, the dry Heat thus pro- eed a he aye co. Seting foil the disease germs Sind reduce inflammation, while Promoting circulation and. the frowth of the friendly. germs, thus effecting a cure. “f have found this apparatus, due to jag adaptability to concentrate the Heat and ight “aye upon body #0, a8 to cause pene felon of these ayn ithe body, very efctent tn the treat- ment of diseases and affetions See ower cay of te "aya. the. inventor this’ newest_clectrotherapeutic {eatment apparatus, Mr. Vern Eon Rutter of Roseburg, Ore: piers anaes PRR ot We career ee Wy peste 9 phe nergorter of fhe Fel Se oe eee oh ee i ae Be Boh Sane ct ie oat aa bosses tee et ation, A further object is to woe A ere Ue ie a aagnie® hh snail eat Cerer paren 2 eet i ager tae ot cers Be Parte tis aegis nee fe Se sae i Set rs eee fas ee ees ge ee lore dete ‘of the yatient’s ze fd'a suluble cloth or ve placed about the americanradiohist* Electric Lights for Cows, ‘The recent tie-up of the railroads and the increasing traffic ‘on the highways have New Jersey, Board of Poultry Trade, says caused considerable uneasiness on the part “Farmer Smith” in the New York World Artist Ellison Hoover, of Newark, advo: ‘ated the abolition of ‘State roads in New Jersey on the ground that they are a bur the leading members of the Cedar Grove, sre Tans ate ou Onter_o an, Ap he Asnmennyig i GU ates outer eg certo hema Sk Bet Ses bea ‘ sar ieetey mart iS eas atearuae ot By Cows! dea. and expense, to. the poor taxpayers The whole trouble has come about tara the passage of the bill'at ‘Trenton, which fines the owners of bulls (live) whea said sumals are found upon the highways withe sue chaperone Further, aviomotilsts are complain about horses and. cows. foaming "on ie fonds after dark without lanterns for tai Highs, "AS autos have to have lights why "The ‘board was ‘pleased to receive the report of Wailie Dobbs, Chairman of the Flghorays Committee. Walle sates that he has received from F. Bergamo, lnveMor OF the Scperieted He's Nes the oul Of an invention which Mr. Bergamo fs Pere fecting in Newark This provides for dynamo to be atached tothe backs of horses tnd cows which is operated by 2 shaft tached to a leg, much like the driving sod cn 2 locomotive. "This dynamo, generates Slectricity, which is stored in batteries als srt oan a od om sre um wires connecting with electri i ‘Ths it can be seen that white and greet lights can be placed on the right and left Of a horse's head, while a red light can be Blaced on the rear of the animah so a8 to trarn automobilists and others that thet i 3h animal on the highway. It was suggested by’ Hogo Peebles that in the case of buils fwentyeive red light, twinkling ke movie signs be placed at onventert intervals on the beasts! back A‘motion to, have the battery feed-elege trie fane to shoo off the fies” was_vobed ‘ows, : Giving Batteries the “Third Degree” By S. R. WINTERS ‘The was who satirized life as being one advanced by one-sixtieth of a revolution, a din Biee'anethes,may"have gotten. making one complet revoltion every hour his “tip” from the life tests of storage bat Bach hour this’ shaft furnishes a. similar {cries, which consist of a continuns series impulse to the eoils at the other end of the of changes and. discharges, completing. to Sjcles every. twenty-four hours. Ans way, the United States Hureatt of Standards has Aevised an automatic apparatus for such testing of dry, cell ‘and storage tater, aiming to displace the prevailing. methods which’ are claimed to be arbitrary in their Zoplications The “telephone.” “ignition,” and light” tests are the three ways of ing dry cells and storage batteries at pre ent, involving. the discharge of the ‘cells thru ‘resistances for varying. periods of ‘The newly-developed method of the of Standards might’ be called the “clock” test, jadging by the prominence of a timepiece which controls the selective re- lays. “The. apparatus is adaptable to. any form of testing at intervals, requiring the closing of electrical circuits’ ata. specified time. "A continuous series of life tests can be made, two complete cycles every 24 hours, without the presence of an observer. ‘The apparatus is capable of controling 1a considerable number’ of widely. varying Deriodic tests at the same time. ‘There i fn absence of rapidly moving parts, and the accuracy with which the intervals. of discharge are timed, is equal to the regu lation of the clock. The pendulum time- Piece. contains an electrical ‘contact, the Circuit being closed once every minute, and supplies. an. electrical impulse to one of two selective relays which are contained 4 the glass case. As each impulse ia. re- celved, “the shaft at the left band end ie One of the Go apparatus, which causes the shaft at the right hand end to rotate. There are 24 teeth in the wheel at this end of the shaft, making one revolution in. 24” hours.Illuminated Traffic Cop The first trafic co “it up” has-been discovered in Boston, Mass.” Owing to the great congestion of tic at certain syet rections in Box ton it bas. been found necessary to pro- teet the traffic officers with some sort of in the world to be NEW DRY FIRE EXTINGUISHER. This latest invention ‘comes. from, Ger- many where it is widely advertised and Seems to have considerable merit. In. Ger- is called Total Automatischer ‘Kohlensaure Feuerldscher, meaning fe Quick-Acting ’ Carbonic Ths, Enreloue Losking Fire Extinguishers at Png in Seah Devices, Senses i Mastomatis é Acid Fire Extinguisher! As the name says, ‘the apparatus is worked by means of car~ cqpepcuows marking, and te less lights laced on the peak’ of the campaign ‘hat dod ago, te shoulders ore decided ight on the hat ‘a Ted, those On the shoulders are white To nuke the oficers stil further discernible’ they. wear broad "white straps erst ~ cross feross the breast and Tong white foves on their hands. The “juice for the lights isin two batteries carried in the pockets of the over: coat ‘The photo. shows Sergeant R. E. Blackeley, of Company, Motor Transport “Corps, Boston, "State Guard) our fret illuminated trate op This idea would seem. to Be popular one. Possibly a litle later they will rig up the red light to Rash for “stop” and. the, white or een light to) Sash for “prosecd™ he blinking on and off the lamps being controlled by a push button conveniently located. “Another ea ia this dizecton is the if nated glove. Several patents have been taken out on these. Battery lamps serve the purpose very nicely. onic acid. gas, which as is well-known, readily extinguishes flames. As our illus” tration depicts, all that is necessary to. do isto tug the extinguisher in the direction Of the flames, twirl a knob when the gas which is immediately generated by the ex- tinguisher is made to pour over the flames, thus extinguishing them, How well the de- vice works we have not been informed, but it'seems to meet with considerable favor at the present time in Germany. NEW ADVERTISING “MOVIE” MACHINE. Here is a new machine which takes the motion picture and makes ita. universal ‘medium for advertising, publicity and edu- fation. It is claimed to be simple, prace tial and inexpensive. ‘Te makes good the wish of urine men, edcatory, “bankers Propagandists all who. want @_ message farried to the largest number in the most forceful manner ‘at the smallest cost. ‘This clever advertising machine projects 4 motion. picture any reasonable size. It does not require the services of af opera- tor. ‘It uses standard: lm and’ is auto. matic, Tt projects a picture over and over Ta dozen "times to thousand times. There is no. stopping to rewind of vre- thread the'flm and no danger {rom fre. ‘The ‘film can ‘be stopt at any point and @ picture held’ as. tong as. desired. Also fan be used in daylight as well as in dark The device is 7 vice is suitable for store windows, in class rooms, in waiting rooms, in hotel lobbies, in lodge, rooms, in offices, exhibition ‘rooms, in homes, on steam” boats, on railway trains, as'a billboard at fraction—any place where there is ordi- nary electricity, ‘This automatic projector is the invention of John P. Burnett, of Chicago. Mr. Bur- nett is an, experienced mechanician and in- ventor. Along with many others he heard 381 - —— Drink With “Legal” Hick Here is a perfectly legal way of putts a Hel in the drink Two wives afe con fected to, 2 medical coil.” The other end of one wire is connected to_a metal holder Rotding’'a glass of water. ‘The other wire Bo ecaeed to Some. nfl erat around the glass. ‘Zae-2. John Barley: ‘Som never could produce t0 strong yet 30 fale a kick. rink the Way to Get a tee’ Hgoie's Gnarged the ery for a simple, automatic, motion pic- ture: projection machine =a machine that would give perfect. continuous ‘projection, anywhere, any time. : we Latent Im rsfecores womane Movie ,Poison Gas Cleanses Clothes In the accompanying illustration is shown neath the ste! disinfecting chamber, there one’ of ‘the latest inventions in France, i is placed an eletrie heater, the strength of the form of a steel treatment chamber, in the current’ of which can be controled ‘at hich Sathes to cleaned and dimnected, it and any deeree of Tre‘aced, sos to be exchaed from com feat “realy “obtained fact with the “atmosphere, when they ar tie proceduve is a3 fol- treated ‘with: some poison gar such "as lows? The exhaust pipe Chior or other suitable gas: Under. Yalve is closed, the sealed uch a8 Used During the War, ‘Chamber to any ‘Degree Desired. air-tight. door opened andthe cloth isang" within the’ round. steel” chambe AS many clothes as desired can be plac in the chamber. as the gan wil easily pe right thr them, and permeate every oft them. The steel outer doors th Slosed by means ‘of the levers shown, at (the operator (the operative here shown 2 typical French workman drest in a he trousers and blue denim gown, similar that, worn by the American’ laborate ‘workers, but only of three-quarter lengtt then opens up the valves and watches t ages on top of the tanks, regulating mixture of Poison gas and air to the prop amount. ‘The temperature is carefully watched all of the operations so that the clothes w not be scorched or burned and the gascer Atmosphere. within "the compartment Faised to as high a temperature as posibl a the heat tends to expand the gas a aus ito penetrate thr the clothes mo evenly. After the clothes have been treat, several minutes, the exhaust valve in t ipe line which’ leads outside the built fo a neutralizing tank, is opened, and U fesidual gas Blown out of "the treatme chamber ‘by haying ‘the poison gar val closed tight and opening the comprest : valve from a. storage reservoir for a fra tion of a minute. ‘The door tothe tamer ts then opened andthe clothes + ‘One of these poison gas disinfecting ot fts willbe installed in most every hes where all Kinds of diseases are constant being met with; the problem of killing the disease germs in clothes having heretofe considered impracticable and. ¢ clothes therefore burned. 1 would seem that this system solves ¢ problem, and besides itis the most sen {dea for’ ckaning and. disinfecting ¢ everyday. clothes at periodic. intervals, diseage germs often lndge in the most Sumperted places, Luminous Eyes for Nursery Zoo Tn the two accompanying. illustrations, lates the four artist has portrayed two scznes, show: production of a toy, sueh as a dol or other ing the “before and alter" eflects ‘on. the simulation of a living being—for example, children who are unexpectingly greeted by a dog, cat, bear, ete, having luminescent the members of the nursery 200 after they eyes which toy may be taken to bed. with have “retired” Possibly, they ‘had not the cil) and which the Tatter may be noticed the effect of the luminous, radium- sured will watch over it during the night, {eed eves of Fido, Old Bruin and Jumbo thereby allaying the fears of darkness. The present invention cont settles this waste ase or whether arse thought to play a joke on them, the surprise is well shown in the ilastration a the left, and so would you be surprised, ven tho you ate" grownupnify ot of the inky blackness ofyour sleeping cham- fer, you suddenly awoke and ‘beheld three Shining pairs of even, staring forth with & Strange brecay phosphoreseeces for al of which strprses and novelty we have fo give thanks to Miss Florence Garrigue, of Basvers, Masse. who has been receily awarded a U.S, Ieters patent on this toy. "Bot the aforegoing was not apparently the main idea entertained by Miso Carrigue wien she invented this toy, for ahe s5ys Inher patent 1s well known that many children have a natural aversion for darkness and wil not fo to sleep unles the parent os Berson remains in the Room or wih sig EF the child, or unless 8 Tt is left in the ‘oom: Ig many twats, However chien fre forcibly compelled to go" 10 sleep in a dark room and aaa result develop ‘nervous diseases, witch are retained thru'a greater or ess portion of their lives. A further object of the invention is provide a doll or other object of the ch Ecler apecited having soft and pia Body hich maybe handicd bythe a eth ig, eel athe dy ine out danger of injury to the child and’ wh wil be provided with eyes having’: Jun us appearance: Fears Are Quickly Turned + Response’ te Se Wage ese st Se ciaae ta a Keema areaesy BPR aThe Electric Hairdresser Sting" pgmonsietiad Avenue, New york Clty a Permasent Wave Apostaiue Which at Fiat Sight Seems te Bernd Se” oe ay" pertaca Sh "Sratar,Beuldiee_Wori"an @ hateaent Ex-Kaiser’s Lights Getting Rusty! ‘The picture here reproduced illustrates reflected in the pupil of an eye, The latest cable from Europe brings the one of the most remarkable optical freaks essan cr animal ris faeiy wel tidings tht the Bx Raters cowed that we have eome across in, some time. 1t kmown, Undoubtedly you have often fooked ie im Berin the formerhome ofthe great- shows the clear reflection of the photogra in the eye of your pet dog and under the of all time, is a dher who tooke the picture, dn the dog's fye, proper conditions were surprised to note the erating so. as to resemble any Said canine being one of the champion Aire: reduced yet perfect miniature image of your royal {ales exhibited at the Dog Show, held dur- own countenance reflected in the animal's The present photograph shows how the ing te last winter season in New York oye birds: Have sarted to make their nests in Gy. "There has been for, many years, a theory the electric lights on the exterior of the Tis seldom that one sees as clear a pic: that when a person is murdered” that the brillant palace which formerly housed the ture as this one, altho the phenomenon’ of image of the murderer is recorded on the Hohenzollern family. ‘retina of the viebm’s ye, The cable does not say very. much as to ind'that if the police au what is going on in flolland, where the ex: Thorties could’ photograph Fuler of Germany daily save a carload of this image within a reason, wood or so, but presumably the litle birdies able time after the death of do not get much opportunity to build nests ihe. vitim that it would inthe electric ights abut he prevent ah fender the tak of discover= ppv sorereserevensiersesie=s == fing the: actual murderer as simple as child's play. ene: ‘nomena It must be said that there are many wonderful things about the eye, whether hu- ‘man or animal, that we do rot yet understand, and. th }) Scientists of tomorrow will ‘undoubtedly, cause us to. be really astonisht at the slight amount of knowledge w° now possess of this most wondertal of all) Nature’ + miraéious achievements .Electricity for the Treatment or Heart Diseases HERE have recently ‘been a number of con sroversies and) news per reports as to the Tela Civ “improvement which might result from the use of etry, and afso salts of (ale "and potas. a large quantity, in the treat ment ‘of diseases of the heart, ‘such as auricular fibrillation, auricular Autter and. palpitation. Such Ports are, however, Eredited by the medical fra~ termity in general, ‘The most remarkable ef- fect foward dicovering What the uses of fe roper functioning are, has ben made possible bythe we of the’ leto-eardia: seraph, an. illustration of ‘whieh appears on this page. ‘This device was described at length in the May, 1917, issue vof this magazine, 50 wwe will dismiss it here with but & casual mention. ‘There are three. clectrodes used, ‘aot onto! both ‘arms and the left leg of “the pa tent, Theat are connected tor the electro-cardiograph. tment itself is really a modified falvanometer, consisting of very power Yul magnetic field excited by a ditect cur- rent, and in the air-gap between the poles Of this electro-magnet there is suspended a fine quartz. lament. The image of this filament, when deflected by a current, is projected thru two small holes that extend thra each pole-picce. ‘These ‘Holes are the condensing micro- scopes and. the projecting. microscopes whitch serve to focts a fine beam of ight ‘upon a moving film actuated by means of an electric motor. Inasmuch as the heart Contractions are of an’ electrical ‘nature (Gig, each contraction produces a current), by, le simple employment of a Wheatstone bridge ‘method the successive. contrac of the ‘heart are readily: determined and Dhotograpbically recorded upon a moving tape. ‘The, instru ithoven Melted Wood! 1k is possible to melt wood by heating it in a vacuum, producing a hard, homogene= fous substance’ Melted wood. was for a {ong time only a laboratory ‘curiosity, but it'may be that industry shall presently’ dis= cover practical applications of the greatest interest, : ‘Altho wood is eminently inflammable it melts at 2 relatively low temperature, but In very: precise conditions, and. only when iC abasitey. removed from conta with eymen so that its combustion is impossible, ‘Phis may be understood when we remember what ts composition i When its imme: Aiately" soluble constituents have been re- moved, by means of aleohol, for instance, itegives on analysis organic_acids, water, oily essences, silicates, sulfates, phosphates, Chlorides, and hydrocarbonates of ime, pot! fash, soda and magnesia, carbonic acid, ear- fonated hydrogen, ete~that fs to sy, solely Yodies susceptibic of being evaporated of ene Becton teeta Sh el Seca tet seams et oc se chery oe es apogee agent iter ae sealer ge en Heb orp tis Stern ore ae as when, current is, applied ‘to the Se ns Aa PR te fete era aimed lve gee, steg He pes eat coma thes ieee senor Gat See cities eee rae fy eee eS care on pe cetaceans ae remeasia seem a pega da Sogn eli team ce Beccmirentineme/ tal pacers Serreeeaeeeeercuatnertepentiy ea ceaeaty laces alae Seat ete dissalved after having cooperated by chem- jeal affinity in the formation of determinate substances ‘Starting from these data Messrs. Biz ‘ouard and Lenoir, in 1891, studied the prob- {em of the fusion of wood. They operated in a closed vessel at 2 relatively low tem- perature—that is about all one can gather From the records of the period ‘Their work was taken up by others, and now there is a full operative technic’ that enables us easily to obtain excellent results, ‘A'metal receiver, a sort of boiler having & double. bottom ‘thru which superheated Steam passes, is filled with bits of wood. It is closed by a lid similar to that used in autoclaves and provided with a tube and ‘Slopcock communicating with an apparatus for exhausting the ait, "When the wood thus Kept in a vacuum is heated above 284 degrees’ Fabrenheit the water and other volatile substances are given off first and ‘Thos digitalis and. stro- viuanthin Rave’ been ‘Used With decided. benecal re- sel naan tes the heart. dn experimental Smal, moreover, we find iat we cam produce ‘heart diseases ty forcing into the Arca tases certuin salt such as potassium, ad ths “symptom by the ‘addition of calcium; in the ‘human in, however adnaaie os ‘Volume of 83 Foreign sub- ssance tito the fear ‘As to the use of electricity (as an electric shod, for in- stance), in or- der to stop pal- found even” in those cases executed in the death house by the electric chair, that the heart continues to beat, sometimes as long as five minutes alter the person has been pronounced quite ‘dead by the medical examfners, Not beats ing strongly, itis true, but one of those hhatdly perceptible heart beats, and. there= fore, it would seem that electricity regard- less’ of ‘how applied ‘even to. the filing strength ‘wil have practically ‘no effect on the heart itself, except perhaps to slow the beat if taken if large amounts, ‘Dr. Robert H. Halsey of the medical de- pene ofthe New York Port Gradoate fosptal and. Medical School has done an omens amount of heart work, and ty ‘here were any truth ia the report stat= ing that electricity could be used for the control of palpitation and suricalar fbrilla tion, we, who are engaged i would “surely ‘be ‘nothed Photo courtesy Dr: Halsey. this endeavor ‘immediately. are drawn of by means of the exhautting Spparatus, after which the heating fs cone ined for about three hours. There then take place a complex serie of reactions and ‘phenomena analogous to those that accom. pany. the distillation of wood in a closed Yesiel, and in this way "all the so-called Prrogenous products “are separated; ‘these In'turn are drawn off condensed and sep- tated 49 that they may be lied commer Sally, “There then remain in the receptacle nly” the fibrous skeleton of the wood and the mineral salts, which taken together con- stitute a fusible'mass,” This is allowed. to foal slowly, out of contact with the. air, Snd then placed in a second boiler, which’ alter the air has been exhausted, is filled Wwth nitrogen under a pressure of 15 40.2 Atmospheres. The whole is heated to 1,300 degrees Fahrenheit for two hours, and at the end of this time the wood is melted into "homogeneous, hard mass,“SCIENCE and INVENTION” FROM THOMAS A. EDISON. The change from "Ei rmica. Ex: to Scuxce ‘xp INVER snow | better indicates. the proper Sphere of your jour- hal industrial application of ‘science. THOMAS A. EDISON. Orange, N. J. FROM PROFESSOR RUSK. ‘Accept my congratulations on your new name and the increased field of your maga- are leaders in your fel. ROGERS D. RUSK, MA. ‘MeConnellvil FROM INSPECTOR KRUMM In, answer to your request as to my opinion of the new name ScreNce AND Ti- verion, I consider that it indicates more accurately the broad technical ficld covered by your always interesting magazine. My best wishes for your continued. success. LR. KRUMM, Chief Radio Inspéctor. New York, N. ¥. FROM INSPECTOR CADMUS. The new name is very appropriate, We thinkeit the best magazine of its kind pub- lished. R. ¥. CADMUS, Baltimore, Ma. Redio Inspector. FROM THE INVENTOR OF THE ‘MOON ROCKET. the change “ Litle to ‘Science Axo yi Tyventiow of a maga Be of the scope of the Eveermicat Exvenuen- ‘exisa good idea. al ; oBoBiaro, FROM INSPECTOR J. F. DILLON, om TseECrO di LDELOM, at eae rae o ro cect atin asf Pie nee ec spears a ue ng aber iarann len Fo 08, San Francisco, Cal. Radio Inspector, We nZROM CAMP MEADE, | fe think new name very good: consider ‘your magazine one of best we have ‘STANK CORPS SCHOOL. Camp Beade, Ma. Worcester, Me What Prominent Men Think of Our New Name FROM THE INVENTOR OF THE AUDION. I believe that the present name of your journal is a better description than the Sug gested new title, I do not consider the fnew title, SCIENCE AND INVENTION, a8 good as the present one ‘under which you have built up a wonderful circulation and clien tele, particularly among youthful exper LEE DE FOREST. New York, N. ¥. FROM EDITOR TRASK. You are doing well T think, to give your magazine the new tame of SCIENCE "AND TrvenTion, because it foreshadows a wider range of ubjects for your readers, wi hot restricting the feld you, have 30. nt {siningly ‘and’ ingeniously filled up to this time HERBERT A. TRASK, Editor Post- St. Louis, Mo. teh, FROM N. Y. SUNDAY WORLD. Why change? You have established a high ‘Teputation under your old name and new name is little if any better. EDITOR, SUNDAY WORLD. New York, N. ¥. FROM EDITOR JONES. 1 ee eee ole gt taba when you were such a detiate child that Sayan ale oe Bye res os i “bd Saal See Trom that infantile weakness and you cer~ a ieeigrass atari pinteae ry frcoming fo. "Eh art tne avert Raga el certainly a success and will enable you to Sess am to think that I'can remember when you first ‘came to my office, I used to pick you up and ps ‘drop you in the waste basket along with the advertising matter, But once the pages. accidentally spread open. and 1 saw a picture which arrested my interest and T rescued you, from the waste basket nd gave you the “once over” and as the result I have been watching for you every ‘month ever since. GEORGE J. JONES, Sunday Editor, Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia, Po. FROM EDITOR VALE, A far better, broader and. more comore- hatste| mane is Steuer aa Ironton isthe pos mame at caries wih abet great Seid you are handling ao emter- tahnitgly and. so helpfully. Jost the sort Sere c that wll ake your publeation do ‘tigger things than you already have done "Just the sort of 8 name that “wil fipel you to eater servic and bing ie Popul ROBT. B, VALE, Bait, North Amercon Sunda; *hiladelphia, 385 ricanrac FROM HUDSON MAXIM 1 think the Scuewce ano Tnvewstow most excel: Tet, It has Ne nese sary brea for your big Five Soper) work you have done under the tile Buse: mean Ex #enannres is provh- and warrant of the splendid character Science an Tnvesion, HUDSON MAXIM. Hopatcong, N. J. of FROM THOS. 8. FORD. If the magazine is broadening its scope to fit the name Scizxcr axp Invermox, I Should’ sy'that the change is a happy one. THOMAS S. FORD, Exitor Los Angeles Times Magasine. Los Angeles, Ci FROM KANSAS CITY “STAR” ‘The title Etecrmica, Exreniwenren is obviously inadequate to express the great scope of your field, which is not limited to electricity nor experimentation. I. think that the new name of Scunnce AND INVEN- ‘Ton is: much better. SUNDAY EDITOR, Kansas City Star. Kansas City, Mo. FROM THE INVENTOR OF UNDERGROUND RADIO. ‘The Euecracat Exeramwenren has been an inspiration in a specific scientific realm, Ue inlunce has reacted into the eld of yond that of experi- mentation into the larger sphere of general Science and Invention. Please therefore cept my si cere felicta- tions upon the enlarged scope of the magazine under the new title Sctexce axp Invention. America has won high renown through the scientific labors and inventive genius of many who have made a distinctive contribution to the its record of accomplishments has rendered definite and far-reaching co-operation, JAMES HARRIS ROGERS, PHD, Weshington, D. C.“Home Electrics” By G. L. HOADLEY, M. E. Vibrating Type Bell erly connecting it. Figure 3 shows its con- nections the vibrating bell which is the one ‘most commonly used, In this bell, current enters the “a.” flows thru the HERE are five different types of bells in general use. Figure 1 shows "and comes out at binding-post passing of the current thra the coils sr cores, which. attract the irawing i over, against them 4nd causing’ the hammer to. bit the gong. ‘hs mopetient of the armatre opens the contact between "c™ and "d" interrupting the flow of current thru the cols, and caus: ing. them to become d ized. Spring *lthen pulls the. armature back closing contact between "cand "d" again and the ‘operation 1s Tepeated as long as the current continues to How thru the bel. SINGLE-STROKE BELL ‘An important modification is one by means of which the Dell is made’ to give & single sere oly for each contact, with the bat ‘This is known as the “single-stroke’ bell and is shown in Figure 2 One of the cases where it may be used is to transmit reconcerted signals; itis also used in series ‘with the vibrating bell, and. when so used Doth bells ‘must have the same natural peri- cos of vibration; that i, the armatures, Tap Bets, and “springs ‘should have the same imensions, and construction. While the “vibrating” beli‘can be changed to. op- erate as a “single-stroke” bell by so adjust- ing the vibrating contact screw that the cit- cuit will not be opened when the armature is drawn over, better results will be obtained by using the “single-stroke" bell, which dif- fers from the “vibrating” typeein the man- ner in which the magnets are connected up to the binding-screws. A careful examina- ton of Figure 2 will show the wi the magnets go direct to the binding-posts for the. “single-stroke” bell so. that’ when contact is made the armature is drawn over Against the magnet cores and held there as {ong as the battery current pases in Fig ture't the circuit for the “vbrating” bell fs leted thru the platinum serew pillar to the binding serew, ence the circuit is rap- idly made and broken so long as contact i= ‘made with the battery. COMBINATION SINGLE. STROKE AND ‘VIBRATING BEL ‘This bell combines. both previous types ‘and may be used for either purpose by prop- = from ‘A two-point switeh ie used to ither leads.“ i ec in circuit the “single-stroke” bell results; while “a” and “c™ will give the “vibrating” ‘ype. SERIES OR SHUNTING BELL. Ta this type of bell shown in Figure 4, cach time the armature is drawn over it Sikes grat ie aay he sant Peace een sce eee fete thru which the current flows rather than thru the bell magnets. This. demag- nee the magnets allowing the armature Spring to. ie, armature. back again breaking contact "<" and the operation fs again repeated, ‘The purpose of bells of this type is to. reduce arcing at the vibrating omtact, ‘especially ‘on ‘ceuits where: the tlectro motive force exceeds five volts, "Aesh button At Right: Complete Batt ferentiat, ‘Quit futies the otery Above We See the wSingre ‘Stroke’” Bell, Shoat ‘oP Vibrating. w.americanradic ‘THE DIFFERENTIAL BELL. ‘This type of bell, illustrated in Fi sae eins for upe_om irc ol Telatively high voltage. Its. magnet wound diferentiall at nding ‘Opposes the other. When the cious close fone winding is energised and the armatur pulled over to the cores, making. contac at "er" ‘This contact at "e completes th Chet forthe second winding, an snc he {wo oppose, the vesultant magnetism is re ‘duced to zero, ‘This allows the armature ( ‘ye drawn back by its spring and the opers ton fs ready to be again repeated lustrated by Fig ringing stl’ when once started contioae tnt siopt by the person in charge. fet realy ed fn atch of burglar altrns Eine fooms, waichman's alstms, telephon eval ce te eds ba 1 fon the ordinary vibrating type of bell tn Fig tre 6 the closing of the circuit causes th magnets to draw the armature over and re Tere aie on de ity oF wo by 8 apring 0: fhe contact ee SR Bust Beek i ths established arotnd the push batton aoe the bell continucs to ing unl the lata 1 restored by hand. BELL TROUBLES. Before you hunt for bell troubles, be ver batteries are good and no ag a rule, are the sea ‘of most bell troubles, Bad contacts are fre uty the cause of, flue of the bell Fing.. Wiremen sometimes simply wrap terminal wire around the base of the bied ing screws. ‘This greatly increases. the re sistance of the wires. Care should be take to see that the terminal wires are firma pierneath, the binding “srews "Kea chloride of zine is used sometimes asa flu to make a soldered contact at the junctio pinta of the wires. withthe contact “anal rass and contact pillar, This speedil the wire and spoils the insulation of the ac jacent parts. Soldered joints are certain} desirable, but only resin flux should be use« Corrosion of the contacts at the spark ga is quite common in cheap bells where Ge ‘man silver, platinoids, silver or some whi metal, is used instead of platinum or iric tum Thi dentays the contin of contac ‘(Continued om page Snetothtting® rece ‘aitNews for “Straphangers” ‘The new safety car straps here illustrated are formed of a feather strip which is bit fated and spread apart at a point immedi Stely above the rounded hand-loop, a shown, 26 to form a V-shaped strap whose upper ‘extremities “are. permanently” separated a distance of about ten inches by means of an {nvisible ‘spring-metal spreader’ that” spans the same at a point just behind the Fun Bing rod. ‘The spreader and strap together ontitate a triangle, which is capable of bez Few frees shifted lone the Poni rod slighily iifting the strap, but which can not of iteelf move under the inBuence of the motion of the ear or train. “"Bunching” of the straps is therefore not only naturally Avoided, ‘but is furthermore prevented by the V'shaped formation of the straps them Selves, which insures at all times their Proper Spacing and. uniform distribution gout the lent of the ea , sides ofthe straps diverge, at suc lan-angle that the direction in "which the passenger tends to move under the inf: ence of momentum or inertia ig substan- tially coincident or in a direct Tine there- with. “Consequently, unlike that of the or- dinary strap, the hand loop not only forms Bea support for the passenger, but any ETS pall ereneed tension spon one ot the other side of tne strap'in a prolonear toe of the, destion i which such nde Siveady incined, thereby making the stra stomatically self-bracig. and a waying or larching of the passenget in either direction, and. giving him an abso- intel frm footing in other words the point of support of the’ passenger xt at the hand oop, 95 it gould, and not agin the cate of the advertising card, as shown inthe illustra fap, at if pivotal support upon tion. the running bar, which Istter ‘generally afoot. or more above, the” point where. the Strap is grasped. The widely avenge sides of the" tap fot only prevent forwar backward ‘motion, but serve also to steady the passenger gainst side motions, such a are. produced in’ turning urves, since they absolutel Soekee ny ean yo ae feral movement of the hand foop toa small’ vertical are directly “in fine therewith, thus eliminating. the circular horizontal swing of the ordi nary strap. Owing to the are of the circle described by the freely suspended hand loop ofthe ordinary straps (whether running on straight sections on urveayy these Straps afford at best & fugi- tive hold that usually Becomes effective only after’ the pas- Sener bat oat, ‘ tums That is productive 0 seat muscular’ and physical Strain, to say “nothing of ‘ther’ discomforts that are ‘only. too, well understood “to require further “comment spreader that bridges the upper extremities of the cat ‘Strap canbe. furnished of spring sheetsmetal, ar fanged in the form of 3 con- tinuous ‘clip. for holding an 1 sien car tim Stine erecta ‘Sign. the Car and'at the Te Electric Lighted Roses in Rose Festival ‘The metal roses uscd by Portland, Ore- sonia decorative iehting for the Rove eatval were develop ata est of & feral demand for something new—some: {ing with "plenty of light and. color. "Phe nal rove hergwa picored_was the result. The roses were approximately Biches ip Uametcr and aout the sme Jn height. ‘The upper part of the calyx the rose. was formed About a mogul Tam scoala mounted when fe 2°1000-wat,_bow!-froste tinged amp: “hove pve three, Celae fons of petals surrounding the Tamp, the ‘ater row being carried up to form the body Grvcup of the Blossom ‘The petals and ody Bf the rose were made of standard ‘gage tinned sheet iron, cut and formed inte shape and soldered together, These rose: when assembled were painted the color se lected for the rose; some were red, some pink and some yellow, and the sepals were painted the proper shade of green on. the Lpper or outside of the rose body. The stem consists of a seven or eight-foot haze pole, 154 inches to 2 inches in diameter a the larger end. The natural branches. were cut off and two sprays of five metal leave: each were mounted on wire stems and at ached to the main wooden stem of the ciety blaoes flies The ave abouts inher ty Bisicsnp blaine. ts [Sches In dnwntion, ere eut rom sed in Becerra forte, Sheet iron stamped for the vein solder scat aad io" wire stema and palnted a leaf green Electric Pencil Retouches Negatives An electric vibrator in the design pencil is now being used for retouching negatives. “It does its work noiselessly ant much faster than when done by hand ‘When doing this work the workman usually hholds his head, and consequently his ears yery near the work. For this reason. the inventor of this device has succeeded it making. its operation noiseless. Wher operating, itis held in the fingers much a: the ordinary. lead pencil. Connection tc electric lighting socket is ali that is re % avired forts Operation Tt is a most peculiar fact when we stor to think about it, that the realm ‘of the plotgerapher has” been invaded ‘but ith y the electrical inventor. "Electricity hat permeated our household, office and factory thn and thru—we shave electrical ciga! lighters, curling iron heaters, fieless, cook fs, stoves, shaving mug heaters, and wha ot—but the laboratory of the. photom fapher has witnessed but ttle benefit K?H. Hamittgn. rior Reauite to se Oiaer Methos-MOTOR HINTS lest Prise $28.00. HOW TO SEE THE MOTOMETER A frend of mine wip coms.

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