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(ALD) em,uBuD;vnf;jzpf?

&cdkif-jrefrmy@dwfBuD;vnf;jzpfaom
q&mBuD;OD;omxGef;\ordkif;0ifrdefUcGef;rsm;
('kwd,ydkif;)
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wdkufwGef;vdkyga&/ (udkif) baZmifysizf dkUvJ/ ppfawGNrdKUrSm wyfaygif;pkqdkNyD;au ausmif;om;a*gif;udk
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ppfawGNrdKUu &cdkifausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUu rcHr&yfEdkifvdkUajyma&/ ig½dkUrygudk;/ tudk½dkU
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ausmufawmfNrdKUrSmvnf; tvDvD/ ajrmufOD;rSmvnf; uRefawmf½dkUyg;udkvmuwfaw wckydkifvnf;
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(&cdkifom;t½l;wdudk) vdkU pOf;pm;uwfyga&/ uRefawmfeefUwuG uReaf wmf½dkU&ckdifom;wdtm;vHk;
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yD;vdkyga&/ xdkifreDuwfyguJh/

uRefawmf½dkUtm;vHk; usDvm;yg,m/ ausmufawmfNrdKUudk 0ifvdkufau ausmufawmfNrdKUe,f aumif;aumif;


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(150) avmuf uRefawmf½dkUeefUwGJNyD;vdkufyga&/ vlvwfwd? vli,fwd tm;vHk;wGJNyD;au azom[da&
qDpufydkifoQifwd? puf½HkydkifoQifwd wa,mufwa,mufudk (5) axmif? (6) axmifxnfhNyD;au
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atydkifvkyfvdkUvJr&vdkufau jynfysufzdkU? trsm; ESpf (20) rMumygAsm,f/ tukefolwd eufzefcg
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jzpfeDygAsm,f/

vlrsKd;pkxJrSm vlrsKd;acswd [dyga&/ ucsifrSm (37) rsKd;avmuf[dyga&/ oQrf;rSmvnf; (30)


ausmf[dyga&/ u&ifrSmvnf; ,if;ykdifyg? uGJzdkUqdkau ,if;vlrsKd;pkwdpGm bmomrwl/ t0wfrwl/
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teDtxm;aumif;yga&/ a'vlrsKd;pkxJrSm csif;tawmfqHk;yg/ wem;u OuúXBuD;ajymca& aemufrGef/
ucsif? oQrf;? tm;vHk;awmfyga&/ at&ckdifvlrsKd;pka& ZmjzpfeDvJ/ uRefouf&SnfvdkU uRefpdwf0ifeDa&/
ajymifhajymifhajymzdkUqdkau atvlwdtjypf r[kwfyg/ (1146) ck &ckdifjynfBuD;ysufNydKuwnf;uyif
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vGwfvyfa&;t&om rcHpm;&a& (42) ESpfumvtwGi;f &ckdifom;onf4if;? tjrwf (2) ckxGufyga&/
ZmtjrwfvJ/ (wpf) aMumufpGmeefU (ESpf) rGJpGm (2) ck tjrwfxGufawrSwfyg/

t&m attrGDudk,lzdkUqdkau attwkdif;xdkifeDuwfygzd/ ,if;twGufeefU uRefawmf½dkUa&


Zmykdifpnf;½Hk;vm;&zdkUvJ/ wef;wla&;ukd vlrsKd; (19) rsKd;oabmwlvdkU csNyD;qGJxm;ygAsm/
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tzGJUtpnf;½dkUonf odvQufeefUrkdufepD GmwrsKd;/ odvQufeefU ukd,fvlBu;D jzpfNyD;au udk,fhrdom;pk
xrif;wqkyfpm;&au usDAsmqdka& ygwDwdygyga&/ ,if;csufu ZmcgvJqdkau t,if (zqyv) ygwD
ygvDrmefrSmtrwfjzpfNyD;au wufaqG;aEG;cD&zdkUykdif tvm;wlxifvdkUyg/

,avmufxd txifao;aom&ckdifvlrsKd;onf ZmykdifvlrsKd;vJ/ ued ,if;rsKd; teDtxm;r[kwfyg/


r[kwfaMumif;ukd uReaf wmfajymygrnf/ &ckdifjynfBuD;onf wkdif;BuD; (12) wkdif;? 0wD (7) &yfeefU
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cGD;jzpfvm;cyga&/

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tolykdifa&vJ/ jrefrmNrdKU0ef tESpf (40) ydkifyga&/ ppftmPmeefUtkyfcsKyfvm;ca&twGuf uRefawmf½dkU
armfMunfhzdkU r&/ aemuf t*Fvdyfodrf;vmvwfaw/ tESpf (112) ESpfykdifa&/ aemufqHk;
q&mawmfOD;OwÅrtmoQeD0ef; tvif;a&mifjyvkdufvdkU wkdif;jynfBuD;vGwfvyfvm;ca&/
vGwfvyfNyD;onfhaemuf (zqyv) tzGJUcsKyfzGJUa&/ rzGJUcifrSm t*Fvdyftpkd;&vufxufcg
atrSma&muf[deDa&xJu touf (60) ausmf[da& vlBuD;wdodygvdrfhrnf/ (91) XmeeefU
'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;vkdU wckvJ &ckdifom;aumif;pm;zdkUpGmryg/ tESpf (112) ESpfcHcyga&/ odkUaomf
ukdifwG,fyHkonf nSif;yrf;vdkUrtkyfcsKyf/ avQmhNyD;tkyfcsKyfawtwGuf tpm0a&0ufykdif aysmfyga&/ (112)
ESpf tkyfcsKyfyHkonf (91) XmeeefU 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&; ta&;BuD;pGmwckvnf;rygauvJh vGwfvyfpGm
pyg;wda&mif;csEkdifa&twGuf zJomwjym;wcsyfcsrf;omvkdU aus;ZkoQifvkdU ajymzdkYusyga&/ ,if;ykdif
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vlOD;a&trsm;qHk; w½kwfjynfBuD; rajym0Hh/ jrefrmjynf rajym0Hh/ ,avmufxJrSm &cdkifrom;xJu
rGD;vma& tmZmeDyk*¾KdvfBuD; OD;OwÅray:vmyga&/

,if;tcsdefrSm &efukefrSmbk&ifcHrif;BuD;onf rpöwmu&ufa'gufyg/ u&ufa'gufvGefNyD;rS


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NrdLUykdifacswa,muf &Sdujzwfoef;vm;auawmifu (&Sdckd;yga&toQifbk&m;) vkdU &Sdcdk;eD&a&tcsdefyg/
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&ckdiftmZmeD tmoQeD0ef;q&mawmfOD;OwÅru rpöwmu&ufa'gufukd (u&ufa'gufrif;xGufvm;vD)
vdkU ESifyga&/ urÇmrSm emrnfwxGufBuD; xdk;wufvm;cyga&/ ,if;taMumif;eefU q&mawmfOD;OwÅr
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tmoQeD0ef;BuD; q&mawmfOD;OwÅr\tjrifudk uRefawmfajymygrnf/ &ckdifjynf vlwoef;acs[dpGmu
ig&ckdifom;jzpf,ifhom;eefU OD;aqmifvkdufau u<uwfBuD;csKd;ypfvkdufzdkUAsm/ attcsufonf
pkaygif;vkyfaqmifrS jzpfzkdUqdkNy;D au tmoQwkdufwwkdufvHk;ukdpkaygif;NyD; tvif;a&mifjyca&twGuf
q&mawmfOD;OwÅronf (tmoQeD0ef;) [laompum;ukd &cyga&/

ued&ckdifom;wdrod/ aus;Zl;roda&twGuf tzudkykefuefvkdU t*kykdifqif;&JeDa&vkdUrSw/f


q&mawmfOD;OwÅrw&m;a[ma&cg ppfawGNrdKUrSm a&TaygifcHa&/ aiGcsD;pm;a&/ v,fiSm;pm;a&/
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ocifygwDudkxlaxmifa&/ jrefrmjynfBuD;rSm ocifvdkUay:vDa&/ tolUaus;Zl;aMumifhvJ/
q&mawmfOD;OwÅraus;Zl;aMumifh/ aemufqHk; q&mawmfOD;OwÅrukd rEÅav;tpnf;t½Hk;wckudk
zdwfawqdkcg urÇmeefUta&;BuD;a& urÇmhrSmnDvmcHBuD; w½kwf? *syef? tdE´d,jynfBuD; oHk;jynfrmS
tdE´d,r[moAtoif;BuD;u zdwfxm;pGm,ifvdkU vm;cDa&twGufaMumifh (ig½dkUudkta&;rpkduf)
qdkNyD;au cGD;ydkif&GD;xm;yga&/ [kwfzdkUvm;rSefzdkUvm; MunfhuwfygvDwcsuf/ aemufqHk; jrefrmjynfodkU
jyefvmvwfawcg q&mawmfOD;OwÅrudk ta&;rpkdufonfhtjyif wcsKdUwcsKdUvlwd ,SOf;uyfyvkdufpGmrSm
q&mawmfOD;OwÅr ½l;vm;cyga&/ &efukefNrdKUrSm eysdK;oD;cGHaumufpm;vdkU/ qD;vdyfykdif;aumufpm;vdkU/
aemufqHk; anmifwHk;wkdufrSm uG,fvGev f m;yga&/ owdxm;/ ,if;twGuf atavmuf
aus;Zl;oQifBuD;zGifhcvdkU uedjrefrmjynfBuD;vGwfvyfa&;&eDpGm/ q&mawmfOD;OwÅr½kyfxkonf
urÇmay:rSmwufvdkUr[d/ OD;0dpm&uawmh a&Twd*Hkbk&m;aemufu [dvDyg,ifh/ odkUaomf &ckdifom;wd
,if;tcsufwdukd rodvkdufau tmoQwkdufukdtvif;a&mifyD;ca&q&mawmfukd tdE´d,uxkwfaw
tdE´d,orkdif;BuD;rSm t*FvdyfbmomeefUxkwfawpmtkyfrSm &GD;xm;yga&/ Zm&GD;xm;av/
bk&m;½kyfawmfykdif &GD;xm;yga& (The Light of Asia) (tmoQwkduf tvif;a&mif) vdkU &GD;xm;yga&/

ued &ckdifom;½dkUa& uRefawmf½dkUtzr[dvdkU atydkifcHeD&a&/ (ig½dkU\ urÇmudka*gif;aqmifNyD;


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q&mawmfOD;OwÅrukd *g&0jyKuwfyg/ auseyfuwfyg/ ausmufawmfNrdKUrSmuscg attcsufudk
vGrf;vGrf;qGD;qGD; aw;jcif;acswyk'f (3) rdepf? (3) puúefUavmufvkyfNyD;au zGifhcyga&/ (tdktoQif?
aus;Zl;awmftoQifOD;OwÅr &ckdifol&ckdifom;½dkU\NrD;i,fjrpfi,f½dkUukd t*ktcg ZmbHkb0rSmyJjzpfjzpf
wcsufacsvmNyD; Munfhyg/ uRefawmf½dkU OD;csyg\) vkdU OD;cscyga&/ q&mawmf OD;OwÅrt½kyfeefUwuG
uRefawmf½dkUOD;cspGmyg/

('kwd,ykdif;NyD;\)

q&mBuD;onf rdef;cGef;a[majym&mü q&mawmfOD;OwåruJhodkU raMumufr&GHU jywfjywfom;om;?


yGifhyGifhvif;vif; a[majymwwfojzifh (wpn) ygwDrS ol&OD;apmjzL? OD;nDnDvGif½dkUonf
oufoDcHypönf;rsm;eefUtwl jrefrmwkdif;rSL;xHrSmvnf;aumif;? e0wtBuD;tuJ½dkUxHrSmvnf;aumif;
ta&;,lzrf;qD;&ef vm;a&mufwkdifMum;MuaomaMumifh ppfawGtusOf;axmifü þodkU roDoifhbJ
vQifjrefpGmoDqHk;vm;&jcif;jzpfyga&/ q&mBuD;tm; pm&GD;ol þodkU*kPfjyKtyfygonf/

toQif£E´mpuú
(aA'ifESifhorkdif;okawoD)
(4/6/2005)

(&cdkifhvGwfvyfa&;pmapmifrS)

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