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Giai Hoa K.B 2013 - M
Giai Hoa K.B 2013 - M
mCO2 = 8,8 g
Cu 2: Cho 0,76 gam hn hp X gm hai amin n chc, c s mol bng nhau, phn ng hon ton
vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,49 gam mui. Khi lng ca amin c phn t khi nh hn trong
0,76 gam X l
A. 0,45 gam.
B. 0,38 gam.
C. 0,58 gam.
D. 0,31 gam.
p n D
Hng dn:
- t 2 amin n chc l: R-NH3Cl
namin = (mmui mamin)/36,5 = 0,02 mol
nmi amin =0,01 mol
- MTB 2 amin = 0,76/0.02 = 38 Amin c phn t khi nh hn trong X c M < 38 l CH5N
mCH5N = 0,01*31 = 0,31 g
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Cho kh CO qua m gam X nung nng, sau mt thi
gian thu c hn hp cht rn Y v hn hp kh Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, n
phn ng hon ton, thu c 4 gam kt ta. Mt khc, ha tan hon ton Y trong dung dch H 2SO4
c, nng (d), thu c 1,008 lt kh SO2 (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch cha 18 gam
mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,12.
B. 6,80.
C. 5,68.
D. 13,52.
p n A
Hng dn:
nCO = nCO2 = 0,04 mol;
nSO2 = 0,045 mol
- S ha phn ng:
Fe
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3
+O
+ CO
Fe
FeO
Fe3O4.
Rn Y + H2SO4 c SO2 + Fe2(SO4)3
- Ta quy i X gm Fe [vi nFe = 2nFe2(SO4)3 = 0,09 mol] v O (y mol).
- Bo ton e cho c QT:
3nFe + 2nCO = 2nO + 2nSO2
nO = (3*0,09 + 2*0,04 2*0,045)/2 = 0,13 mol m = 16*0,013 + 56*0,09 = 7,02 g
Cu 4: Ha tan hon ton 1,28 gam Cu vo 12,6 gam dung dch HNO 3 60% thu c dung dch X
+
(khng c ion NH 4 ). Cho X tc dng hon ton vi 105 ml dung dch KOH 1M, sau lc b kt
p n A
Hng dn:
nCu = 0,02 mol;
nHNO3 = 12,6*0,6/63 = 0,12 mol
Bin lun:
Cho Cu + HNO3 Axit d, to 0,02 mol Cu(NO3)2 v sp kh ???
Cho KOH vo KOH + HNO3 KNO3, tip tc Cu(NO3)2 + KOH KNO3.
Nu CuNO3 d th dd Y gm 0,105 mol KNO3 v CuNO3
Nung c cht rn gm 0,105 mol KNO2 v CuO:
mrn > 0,105*85 = 8,925 g Loi v cho m = 8,78 g.
Vy CuNO3 ht v KOH d Cht rn gm KOHd v KNO2
Gi nHNO3 d = x mol, ta c: nKNO2 = 2nCu(NO3)2 + nHNO3 d = 0,04 + x (Bo ton N)
nKOH d = 0,105 (0,04 + x) = 0,065 x
mrn = mKNO2 + mKOH d = 85*(0,04 + x) + 56*(0,065 x ) = 8,78 x = 0,06 mol
Dung dch X gm: dung dch HNO3 cn li, Cu(NO3)2 v H2O mi to ra.
2HNO3 phn ng
H2O
0,12 0,06 = 0,06 mol
0,03 mol
mX = (mdd HNO3 b mHNO3 p) + mCu(NO3)2 + mH2O
= (12,6 0,06*63) + 0,02 *188+ 0,03*18 = 13,12 g
% Cu(NO3)2 = 0,02*188/13,12 = 28,66 %
Cu 5: Cho gi tr m in ca cc nguyn t: F (3,98); O (3,44); C (2,55); H (2,20); Na (0,93).
Hp cht no sau y l hp cht ion?
A. NaF.
B. CH4.
C. H2O.
D. CO2.
p n A
Hng dn: Hp cht ion l hp cht gia kim loi v phim kim NaF
Cu 6: Cho m gam mt oxit st phn ng va vi 0,75 mol H 2SO4, thu c dung dch ch cha
mt mui duy nht v 1,68 lt kh SO2 (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ca S+6). Gi tr ca m l
A. 24,0.
B. 34,8.
C. 10,8.
D. 46,4.
p n B
Hng dn:
-
Oxit st + H2SO4 SO2 Oxit l FeO hoc Fe3O4 v noxit = ne = 2nSO2 = 0,15 mol
Do oxit p va vi H2SO4 nn: nH2SO4 = 3nFe2(SO4)3 + nSO2
(Bo ton S)
nFe = 2nFe2(SO4)3 = 2*[(nH2SO4 - nSO2)/3] = 0,45 mol = 3noxit
Oxit l Fe3O4
m = 0,15*232 = 34,8 g
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm hiro, propen, axit acrylic, ancol anlylic (C 3H5OH). t chy hon ton 0,75
mol X, thu c 30,24 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). un nng X vi bt Ni mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y.
T khi hi ca Y so vi X bng 1,25. Cho 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi V lt dung dch Br 2 0,1M.
Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,6.
B. 0,5.
C. 0,3.
D. 0,4.
p n B
Hng dn:
nCO2 = 1,35 mol
Propen, axit acrylic, ancol anlylic: C3H6Oz 3CO2 + 3H2O
nC3H6Oz = 1,35 / 3 = 0,45 mol
nH2 = 0,3 mol
Bo ton KL: MX*nX = MY*nY nX = nY*MY/MX = 1,25nY = 1.25*0,1 = 0,125 mol
Ta c: nH2 p = nkhi gim = nX nY = 0,125 0,1 = 0,025 mol
2
Hng dn:
Thy phn este X thu c 2 mui ca axit n Y l ancol c t nht 2 chc.
Y l ancol no (do nH2O > nCO2): nancol = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol S C = 0,3/0,1 = 3
Ancol l C3H6(OH)2 hoc C3H5(OH)3
cho Y khng c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH) Y l C3H6(OH)2
P thy phn: 1Este X + 2NaOH 2Mui + 1Ancol
0,2 mol
0,1 mol
Bo
ton
KL
cho
p:
m
+
m
=
m
+
m
1
NaOH
Mui
Ancol
m1 = 15 + 0,1*76 0,2*40 = 14,6 g
Cu 9: Cho phn ng: FeO + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O.
Trong phng trnh ca phn ng trn, khi h s ca FeO l 3 th h s ca HNO3 l
A. 6.
B. 10.
C. 8.
D. 4.
p n B
Hng dn:
Phn ng:
-
FeO + 10HNO3
Fe3(NO3)3
NO
5H2O.
27
Cu 10: S proton v s ntron c trong mt nguyn t nhm ( 13 Al ) ln lt l
A. 13 v 13.
p n B
Hng dn:
B. 13 v 14.
C. 12 v 14.
S P = 13
S N = A P = 14
Mlys= 146,
Mala = 89,
MGly = 75,
D. 13 v 15.
D. valin.
Mvalin = 117
Cu 12: Cho 3,36 lt kh hirocacbon X (ktc) phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3
trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C4H4.
B. C2H2.
C. C4H6.
D. C3H4.
p n B
Hng dn:
Hirocacbon X + AgNO3/NH3 Kt ta
X c dng CHC-R
TH1: R l mch C
P:
CHC-R CAgC-R
0,15 mol
0,15 mol
mCAgC-R = 36/0,15 = 240 R = 240 (24 + 108) = 108 = C8H12 Loi
Vy R l H hay X l C2H2
Cu 13: Tn gi ca anken (sn phm chnh) thu c khi un nng ancol c cng thc
(CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 vi dung dch H2SO4 c l
A. 2-metylbut-2-en.
B. 2-metylbut-1-en.
C. 3-metylbut-1-en.
D. 3-metylbut-2-en.
p n A
Hng dn:
Phn ng:
-
H2SO4, 1800C
CH3-CH-CH-CH3
CH3-C=CH-CH3 + H2O
CH3 OH
CH3
Cu 14: Trong cc cht: stiren, axit acrylic, axit axetic, vinylaxetilen v butan, s cht c kh nng
tham gia phn ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, un nng) l
A. 3.
p n A
B. 5.
C. 2.
D. 4.
CH2-CH-CCH
H2O
xt, t0
C2H2
CH3CHO + 0,5 O2
CH3CHO
xt
CH3COOH
Cu 16: Ha tan hon ton x mol Fe vo dung dch cha y mol FeCl 3 v z mol HCl, thu c dung
dch ch cha mt cht tan duy nht. Biu thc lin h gia x, y v z l
A. x = y 2z.
B. 2x = y + z.
C. 2x = y + 2z.
D. y = 2x.
p n B
Hng dn:
Dung dch cha cht tan duy nht l FeCl2 Fe p va vi FeCl3 v HCl.
Bo ton e:
2nFe = nFe3+ + nH+ 2x = y + z
Cch 2: Trong FeCl2 ta thy: nCl = 2nFe 3y + z = 2(x + y) 2x = y + z
Cu 17: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Cc cht CH3NH2, C2H5OH, NaHCO3 u c kh nng phn ng vi HCOOH.
(b) Phn ng th brom vo vng benzen ca phenol (C6H5OH) d hn ca benzen.
(c) Oxi ha khng hon ton etilen l phng php hin i sn xut anehit axetic.
(d) Phenol (C6H5OH) tan t trong etanol.
Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 1.
p n C
Hng dn:
Cu 18: S ng phn amin bc mt, cha vng benzen, c cng cng thc phn t C7H9N l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 2.
D. 4.
p n D
Hng dn: Amin bc 1 c dng R-NH2
Mch C:
C=C-NH2 v 3 p na -NH2 gn vo C trn vng
4
4nCO2 + (4n-1)H2O
nCO2 nH2O = nY =0,05 mol (1) ;
44nCO2 + 18nH2O = 36,3 g (2)
nCO2 = 0,6 mol; nH2O =0,55 mol
Trong Y:
S C = 4n = nCO2/nY = 0,6/0,05 = 12 n = 3
X l tripeptit
X c 3*3 = 9 C nCO2 = 9*0,01 = 0,09
mBaCO3 = 197*0,09 = 17,73 g
Cu 25: Cacbohirat no sau y thuc loi isaccarit?
A. Xenluloz
B. Glucoz
C. Saccaroz
p n C
Hng dn:
Xenluloz, amiloz l polisaccarit
-
D. Amiloz
Glucoz l monosaccarit.
Cu 26: Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,25M cn cho vo 15 ml dung dch Al 2(SO4)3 0,5M thu c
lng kt ta ln nht l
A. 210 ml
B. 90 ml
C. 180 ml
D. 60 ml
p n C
Hng dn:
nAl2(SO4)3 = 0,0075 mol
nAl3+ = 0,0075*2 = 0,015 mol
thu c kt ta ln nht: nOH- = 3nAl3+ = 3*0,015 = 0,045 mol
V = 0,045/0,25 = 0,18 l = 180 ml
Cu 27: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Thnh phn chnh ca supephotphat kp gm hai mui Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaSO4
B. Supephotphat n ch c Ca(H2PO4)2
C. Ur c cng thc l (NH2)2CO
D. Phn ln cung cp nit cho cy trng.
p n C
Hng dn:
Supephotphat kpch c Ca(H2PO4)2
Thnh phn chnh ca supephotphat n gm hai mui Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaSO4
Phn ln cung cp photpho cho cy trng di dng ion photphat.
Cu 28: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi cc in cc bng than ch, thu c m kilogram Al catot
v 89,6 m3 (ktc) hn hp kh X anot. T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 16,7. Cho 1,12 lt X (ktc)
phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 1,5 gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 115,2
B. 82,8
C. 144,0
D. 104,4
p n D
Hng dn:
nX = 4 kmol; nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0,015 mol
6
Hng dn:
nAg = 0,26 mol
Khi t X hoc Y u thu c nCO2 = nH2O
X, Y u c 1 trong phn t.
Ta c:
nAg = 2,6nX
X l HCHO v ch c HCHO c 1 m 1 mol p to ra > 2,6 mol Ag.
Y cng c 1 C, c tham gia p trng bc l HCOOH
Ta c h:
nX + nY = 0,1 mol (1) ;
4nX + 2nY = 0,26 mol (2)
nHCHO = 0,03 mol; nHCOOH =0,07 mol
% mHCHO = 0,03*30/(0,03*30 + 0,07 *46) = 21,84%
Cu 30: Khi ha tan hon ton m gam mi kim loi vo nc d, t kim loi no sau y thu c
th tch kh H2 (cng iu kin nhit v p sut) l nh nht?
A. Na
p n C
B. Ca
C. K
D. Li
Hng dn:
KL kim to t H2 hn so vi KL kim th
MKL cng ln nKL cng nh nH2 cng nh
Cu 31: Cho 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,1M vo 300 ml dung dch NaHCO 3 0,1M, thu c dung
dch X v kt ta Y. Cho t t dung dch HCl 0,25M vo X n khi bt u c kh sinh ra th ht V
ml. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca V l
A. 80
B.160
C. 60
D. 40
p n A
Hng dn: Dng BT cho OH- + HCO3-, sau cho H+
Coi nh H+ p vi OH- ban u; H+ phn ng vi OH- ban u.
H+ va khng to kh CO2
nH+ = nOH- = 0,04 mol
V = 160 ml
Cu 32: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th. Ha tan hon ton 1,788 gam
X vo nc, thu c dung dch Y v 537,6 ml kh H 2 (ktc). Dung dch Z gm H2SO4 v HCl, trong
s mol ca HCl gp hai ln s mol ca H 2SO4. Trung ha dung dch Y bng dung dch Z to ra m
gam hn hp mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,656
B. 4,460
C. 2,790
D. 3,792
p n D
Hng dn:
nH2 = 0,024 mol
KL tan trong nc th:
mOH- = 2nH2 = 0,048 mol
Trung ha baz:
nH+ = nOH- = nHCl + 2nH2SO4 = 0,048 mol (1)
7
Trong Z:
nHCl = 2nH2SO4 (2)
nHCl = 0,024 mol; nH2SO4 = 0,012 mol
mmui = mKL + mCl- + mSO42- = 1,788 + 35,5*0,024 + 96*0,012 = 3,792 g
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Trong
cc cht: NaOH, Cu, Fe(NO3)2, KMnO4, BaCl2, Cl2 v Al, s cht c kh nng phn ng c vi
dung dch X l
A. 7.
B.4.
C. 6
D. 5
p n A
Hng dn: Trong X cha: Fe2+, Fe3+, H+ v SO42NaOH phn ng vi Fe2+, Fe3+ to kt ta Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3
Cu phn ng vi Fe3+ to Cu2+ v Fe2+.
Fe(NO3)2 tc dng vi H+ to Fe3+ v kh NO.
KMnO4, Cl2 trong mi trng axit oxi ha Fe2+ ln Fe3+.
BaCl2 tc dng vi SO32- to BaSO4
Al tc dng vi Fe2+, Fe3+ to Al3+ v kim loi Fe.
2+
Cu 34: Dung dch X cha 0,12 mol Na+; x mol SO 4 ; 0,12 mol Cl- v 0,05 mol NH 4 . Cho 300 ml
dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo X n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc b kt ta, thu c
dung dch Y. C cn Y, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,190
B. 7,020
C. 7,875
D. 7,705
p n C
Hng dn:
nBaSO4 = 0,06 mol
Bo ton in tch trong X: 0,12 + 0,05 = 2x + 0,12 x = 0,025 mol
Khi cho Ba(OH)2 vo X:
o SO42- +
Ba2+ BaSO4
0,025 0,025 0,025 mol
o NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 mol
Dung dch Y cha: 0,12 mol NaCl v 0,005 mol Ba(OH)2 d v 0,05 mol H2O
mrn c cn Y = 0,12*58,5 + 0,005*171 = 7,875 g
Cu 35: Trong cc polime: t tm, si bng, t visco, t nilon-6, t nitron, nhng polime c ngun
gc t xenluloz l
A. t tm, si bng v t nitron
B. t visco v t nilon-6
C. si bng, t visco v t nilon-6
D. si bng v t visco
p n D
Hng dn:
Xenluloz
-
Cu 36: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 2,8 gam Fe v 1,6 gam Cu trong 500 ml dung dch hn hp
HNO3 0,1M v HCl 0,4M, thu c kh NO (kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Cho X vo dung dch
AgNO3 d, thu c m gam cht rn, Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton, NO l sn phm kh
duy nht ca N+5 trong cc phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,24
B. 30,05
C. 28,70
D. 34,10
p n B
Hng dn:
Bin lun:
-
nCu = 0,025;
Cu 37: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 750 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M, thu c m
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,55
B. 9,85
C. 19,70
D. 39,40
p n C
Hng dn:
nCO2 = 0,1 mol;nBa2+ = 0,15 mol;
nOH- = 0,3 mol
nOH- / nCO2 = 3
OH- d, ton b CO2 to CO32 mBaCO3 = 19,7 g
Cu 38: Axit cacboxylic X hai chc (c phn trm khi lng ca oxi nh hn 70%), Y v Z l hai
ancol ng ng k tip (MY < MZ). t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp gm X, Y, Z cn va
8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 8,1 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y
trong hn hp trn l
A. 15,9%.
B. 12,6%.
C. 29,9%
D. 29,6%
p n C
Hng dn:
nO2 = 0,4 mol;
nCO2 = 0,35 mol;
nH2O = 0,45 mol
S CTB = nCO2 / nhh = 0,35 / 0,2 = 1,75 C cht c s C < 1,75 CH3OH
Y l CH3OH, Z l C2H5OH
Bo ton KL: mhh + mO2= mCO2 + mH2O mO2
mhh = 10,7 g
Bo ton O:
nO trong hh + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO trong hh = 0,35
4nX + (nY + nZ) = 0,35 mol (1) (Do X l axit 2 chc nn c 4O)
nx + (nY + nZ) = 0,2 mol (2)
nX = 0,05 mol; nY + nZ = 0,15 mol (3)
Gi s C ca axit l m:
nCO2 = m*nX + nY + 2nZ = 0,35 mol (4)
Ta c: nY + nZ < nY + 2nZ < 2(nY + nZ)
0,15 < nY + 2nZ < 0,3
T (4) k = [0,35 (nY + 2nZ)] / 0,05 1 < k < 4 k = 2 hoc k = 3
o k = 2 X l HOOC-COOH c % O = 71% (Loi)
o k = 3 X l HOOC-CH2-COOH c % O = 62%
Ta c h:
nCH3OH + 2nC2H5OH + 3nC3H4O2 = nCO2
ny + 2nZ = 0,2 mol (4)
T (3), (4) nCH3OH = 0,1 mol; nC2H5OH = 0,05 mol
% mCH3OH = 0,1*32 / 10,7 = 29,9 %
Cch 2:
Ta xc nh c X l CH3OH v mhh = 10,7 g
Ta tnh mCH3OH = % tng A * mhh ri tinh xem nCH3OH no chn
Ch c p n 29,9 % l s mol chn = 0,1 mol.
Cu 39: Mt loi nc cng khi un si th mt tnh cng. Trong loi nc cng ny c ha tan
nhng hp cht no sau y?
A. Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2
B. Mg(HCO3)2, CaCl2
C. CaSO4, MgCl2
D. Ca(HCO3)2, MgCl2
p n A
Hng dn:
Y l Al2O3
CaCO3, CaSO3
Ca(NO2)2
+
Ca(NO3)2 +
2H2O
CH3OOCCOOCH3
2NaOH
NaOOCCOONa
+ 2CH3OH
Cu 44: Tin hnh ln men gim 460 ml ancol etylic 8 vi hiu sut bng 30%. Bit khi lng
ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht bng 0,8 g/ml v ca nc bng 1 g/ml. Nng phn trm ca
axit axetic trong dung dch thu c l
A. 2,47%.
B. 7,99%.
C. 2,51%.
D. 3,76%.
p n C
Hng dn:
mC2H5OH = 0,08*460*0,8 = 29,44 g
nC2H5OH = 0,64 mol
Phn ng:
C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH
+
H2O
(H = 30%)
0,64*30% = 0,192 0,192
0,192 mol
Bo ton khi lng:
mdd ancol + mO2 = mdd sau
mdd sau = (0,08*460*0,8 + 0,92*460*1) + 32*0,192 = 458,784 g
10
Cu 46: Ha tan hon ton 24 gam hn hp X gm MO, M(OH)2 v MCO3 (M l kim loi c ha
tr khng i) trong 100 gam dung dch H 2SO4 39,2% thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y ch
cha mt cht tan duy nht c nng 39,41%. Kim loi M l
A. Mg
B. Cu
D. Zn
D. Ca
p n A
Hng dn:
nH2SO4 = 0,392*100/98 = 0,4 mol;
nCO2 = 0,05 mol
Bo ton KL: mX + mdd H2SO4 = mdd Y + mH2
mdd Y = 24 + 100 0,05*44 = 121,8 g
mMSO4 = 0,3941*121,8 = 48 g
dd Y ch cha mt cht tan duy nht Trong Y ch cha MSO4; H2SO4 p ht.
nMSO4 = nH2SO4 = 0,4 mol
MMSO4 = 48/0,4 = 120
M = 24 = Mg
Cu 47: Cu 47: Trong s cc dung dch c cng nng 0,1M di y, dung dch cht no c gi
tr pH nh nht?
A. Ba(OH)2
B. H2SO 4
C. HCl
D. NaOH
p n B
Hng dn:
Dung dch c gi tr pH nh nht
-
3HCl
3AgNO3
H2O
AlCl3
Al(NO3)3
NaOH
+
+
+
D.2
1,5H2
3Ag
0,5H2
Cht kh: s oxi ha tng; cht oxi ha: s oxi ha gim. sau p.
Cu 50: Hirocacbon no sau y khi phn ng vi dung dch brom thu c 1,2-ibrombutan?
A. But-1-en
B. Butan
C. But-1-in
D. Buta-1,3-ien
p n A
Hng dn
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Nhng mt thanh st vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,02 mol AgNO 3 v 0,05 mol Cu(NO3)2.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng thanh st tng m gam (coi ton b kim loi sinh
ra bm vo thanh st). Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,36
B. 3,60
C. 2,00
D. 1,44
p n C
Hng dn:
Bo ton e:
2nFe = nAg+ + 2nCu2+
nFe = 0,06 mol
mtng = mAg + mCu mFe p = 0,02*108 + 0,05*64 0,06*56 = 2 g
Cu 52: Trong mt bnh kn c cn bng ha hc sau: 2 NO2 (k) N2O4 (k)
T khi hi ca hn hp kh trong bnh so vi H 2 nhit T1 bng 27,6 v nhit T2 bng 34,5.
Bit T1 > T2. Pht biu no sau y v cn bng trn l ng?
A. Phn ng thun l phn ng ta nhit.
B. Khi tng nhit , p sut chung ca h cn bng gim
C. Khi gim nhit , p sut chung ca h cn bng tng
D. Phn ng nghch l phn ng ta nhit
p n A
Hng dn:
Khi gim nhit t T1 T2 th Mhh kh tng Kh mol kh gim (M = m/n)
Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi gim nhit
Chiu thun l phn ng ta nhit (Tng thu gim ta)
Cu 53: Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v mt ancol n chc, mch
h. t chy hon ton 21,7 gam X, thu c 20,16 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 18,9 gam H2O . Thc hin
phn ng este ha X vi hiu sut 60%, thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,30
B. 12,24
C. 10,80
D. 9,18
p n D
Hng dn:
nCO2 = 0,9 mol;
nH2O = 1,05 mol
nH2O > nH2O Ancol no vi nancol = 1,05 0,9 = 0,15 mol (Do axit no, n, h)
Bo ton KL:
mX + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O
mO2 = 36,8 g
Bo
ton
O:
n
+
2n
=
2n
+
n
nO trong X = 0,55 = 2naxit + nancol
O trong X
O2
CO2
H2O
naxit = 0,2 mol
Gi s C ca axit, ancol l m, n; ta c: nCO2 = 0,2m + 0,15n = 0,9 mol
m = 4,5 0,75n
n = 2 (Do 0,75n phi = x,5)
m=3
Axit l C3H6O2 0,2 mol; ancol l C2H6O 0,15 mol
meste = 60%*[0,15*(74 + 46 18)] = 9,18 g
Cu 54: Cht no di y khi cho vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, un nng, khng xy ra
phn ng trng bc?
12
A. Mantoz
p n D
Hng dn:
B. Glucoz
C. Fructoz
D. Saccaroz
Cu 55: Cho dy cht sau: isopren, anilin, anehit axetic, toluen, pentan, axit metacrylic v stiren.
S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l
A. 7
B. 6
C. 5
D. 4
p n C
Hng dn:
Cc cht tc dng c vi nc Brom: c ni =; ni ; c nhm CHO (nh
anhit, glucoz, mantoz); phenol; anilin; c tnh kh mnh (nh SO2, H2S,)
Isopren CH2=C-CH=CH2; axit metacrylic CH2=C-COOH, stiren C6H5-CH=CH2
CH3
CH3
Anilin C6H5-NH2, anhit axetic CH3-CHO.
Cu 56: Ha tan mt kh X vo nc, thu c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch Y n d vo dung
dch ZnSO4, ban u thy c kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan ra. Kh X l
A. HCl
B. NO2
C. SO2
D. NH3
p n D
Hng dn: Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, Ni(OH)2, AgOH, AgCl tan trong NH3 to phc
Cu 57: un si dung dch gm cht X v KOH c trong C 2H5OH, thu c etilen. Cng thc ca
X l
A. CH3CH2Cl
B. CH3COOH
C.CH3CHCl2
D. CH3COOCH=CH2
p n A
C2H5OH
Hng dn: CH3CH2Cl + KOH
CH2=CH2 + KCl + H2O
Cu 58: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng?
A. Ag + O3
B. Sn + HNO3 long
C. Sn + HNO3 c
D. Ag + HNO3 c
p n C
Hng dn: Au, Pt khng tan trong HNO3, H2SO4 k c c, nng.
Ag + O3
AgO
+
O2
Sn
+
8HNO
3Sn(NO
2NO +
4H2O
3 long
3)2 +
Ag +
2HNO3 c
AgNO3
+
NO2
+ H2O
Cu 59: T nitron (olon) l sn phm trng hp ca monome no sau y?
A. CH2=C(CH3)-COO-CH3
B. CH3COO-CH=CH2
C. CH2=CH-CN
D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2
p n D
Hng dn: Trng hp vinyl xianua (acrilonitrin) CH2=CH-CN ti ra t nitron (olon)
Cu 60: Ha tan hn hp X gm 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu
c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo Y thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i, thu c m gam cht rn. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 24
B. 20
C. 36
D. 18
p n C
Hng dn:
nFe = 0,2 mol;
nMg = 0,1 mol
S phn ng: Fe + H2SO4 Fe2+ + NaOH d
Fe(OH)2 Nung trong kk
Fe2O3
Mg
Mg2+
Mg(OH)2
MgO
mrn = mFe2O3 + mMgO = 0,1*160 + 0,1*40 = 20 g
-------- HT -------13