THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI

1. GII THIU CHUNG

Trong hon cnh hin nay, nh cao tng ra i l mt h qu tt yu ca
vic tng dn s th, thiu t xy dng v gi t cao. Th loi cng trnh
ny cho php c nhiu tng hay nhiu khng gian s dng hn, tn dng c
mt t nghiu hn, cha c nhiu ngi v hng ho hn trong cng mt
khu t. Nh cao tng c th c xem l C my to ra ca ci hot ng
trong nn kinh t th. Tuy nhin khng nn coi chng mt cch n gin l s
gia tng khng gian xy dng theo chiu cao trn mt din tch t xy dng
hn ch m chng c nhng yu cu kh nghim ngt cn phi tun th trong
qu trnh thit k v thi cng.
Mt b phn ht sc quan trng trong cc cng trnh xy dng ni chung v
nh cao tng ni ring l mng cng trnh. Mt cng trnh bn vng, c n
nh cao, c th s dng an ton lu di ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht lng
mng ca cng trnh. Cc khoan nhi l mt trong nhng gii php mng c
p dng kh ph bin xy dng nh cao tng trn th gii v Vit Nam vo
nhng nm gn y, bi cc khoan nhi p ng c cc c im ring bit
ca nh cao tng nh :
- Ti trng tp trung rt ln chn cc ct nh.
- Nh cao tng rt nhy cm vi ln, c bit l ln lch, v ln s gy
tc ng rt ln n s lm vic tng th ca ton b to nh.
- Nh cao tng thng c xy dng trong khu vc ng dn c, mt
nh c sn kh dy. V vy vn chng rung ng v chng ln m bo an
ton cho cc cng trnh ln cn l mt c im phi c bit lu trong xy
dng loi nh ny.
Ngoi nhng u im ca cc khoan nhi l tho mn c cc yu cu
trn, thi cng cc khoan nhi cn trnh c ting n qu mc, hn na nu s
dng mng Barrette (Mt dng c bit ca cc khoan nhi) lm cc tng hm
cho loi nh ny s rt d dng v c rt nhiu thun li, cng trnh gim c

ti trng do ly i lp t cc tng hm chim ch, mt khc c tng hm th nh

cao tng s tng n nh khi chu lc ngang, ng thi cng trnh c thm
din tch s dng.
2. CC DNG CC KHOAN NHI PH BIN V CC PHNG PHP THI
CNG CC KHOAN NHI
2.1. Cc dng cc khoan nhi
- Cc nhi n gin tit din hnh tr v
khng thay i trn sut chiu su ca cc.
- Cc nhi m rng y: Cc c hnh tr
khoan bnh thng nhng khi gn n y
th dng gu c bit m rng y h
khoan, cng c th s dng mt lng nh
thuc n m rng y. Ngi ta cng c
th m rng nhiu t bng khoan hoc
thuc n trn sut chiu di thn cc. Cc c m rng y v cc c m
rng nhiu t thn cc s tng sc chu ti hn nhiu so vi cc thng
thng.
- Cc Barrette: y l mt loi cc nhi c tit din hnh ch nht,
ch L, ch I, ch H thc cht l nhng bc tng su trong t bng b tng
ct thp. Cc ny c sc chu ti rt ln ti a n 6000T v rt u vit khi xy
dng nhng nh c nhiu tng hm v n l tng c chng sp l quanh nh,
va l tng c chng nc cho cc tng hm ( thi cng ni phn sau)
2.2. Cc phng php thi cng cc khoan nhi :
Trn th gii c rt nhiu thit b v cng ngh thi cng cc khoan nhi
nhng c 2 nguyn l c s dng trong tt c cc phng php thi cng l :
- Cc khoan nhi c s dng ng vch
- Cc khoan nhi khng dng ng vch
2.2.1. Cc khoan nhi c s dng ng vch

Loi ny thng c s dng khi thi cng nhng cc nm k st vi cng

trnh c sn hoc do nhng iu kin a cht dc bit. Cc khoan nhi c dng
ng vch thp rt thun li cho thi cng v khng phi lo vic sp thnh h
khoan, cng trnh t b bn v khng phi s dng dung dch Bentonite, cht
lng cc rt cao.
Nhc im ca phng php ny l my thi cng ln, cng knh, khi my
lm vic th gy rung v ting n ln v rt kh thi cng i vi nhng cc c
di trn 30m.
2.2.2. Cc khoan nhi khng dng ng vch
y l cng ngh khoan rt ph bin. u im ca phng php ny l thi
cng nhanh, m bo v sinh mi trng v t nh hng n cc cng trnh
xung quanh.
Phng php ny thch hp vi loi t st mm, na cng na mm, t
ct mn, ct th hoc c ln si c ht t 20-100mm.
C 2 phng php dng cc khoan nhi khng s dng ng vch:
2.2.2.1. Phng php khoan thi ra (phn tun hon)
My o s dng gung xon ph t, dung dch Bentonite c bm
xung h gi vch h o. Mn khoan v dung dch c my bm v my
nn kh y t y h khoan ln a vo b lng lc tch dung dch
Bentonite ti s dng.
Cng vic t ct thp v b tng tin hnh bnh thng.
- u im : Phng php ny c gi thit b r, thi cng n gin, gi thnh
h
- Nhc im : Tc khoan chm, cht lng v tin cy cha cao.
2.2.2.2. Phng php khoan gu
Theo cng ngh khoan ny, gu khoan thng c dng thng xoay ct t
v a ra ngoi. Cn gu khoan c dng ng-ten, thng l 3 on truyn c
chuyn ng xoay t my o xung gu nh h thng rnh.

Vch h khoan c gi n nh nh dung dch Bentonite. Qa trnh to l

c thc hin trong dung dch Bentonite. Trong qu trnh khoan c th thay cc
gu khc nhau ph hp vi nn t o v khc phc cc d tt trong lng
t.
- u im : Thi cng nhanh, vic kim tra cht lng d dng thun tin,
m bo v sinh mi trng v t nh hng n cc cng trnh ln cn.
- Nhc im : Phi s dng cc thit b chuyn dng gi t, gi thnh
cc cao.
Phng php ny i hi quy trnh cng ngh rt cht ch, cn b k thut
v cng nhn phi thnh tho, c thc t chc k lut cao.
Do phng php ny khoan nhanh hn v cht lng m bo hn cc
phng php khc, nn hin nay cc cng trnh ln Vit Nam ch yu s
dng phng php ny bng cc thit b ca c (Bauer), Italia (Soil-Mec) v
ca Nht (Hitachi).
3. QUY TRNH CNG NGH THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI
Quy trnh cng ngh thi cng cc khoan nhi bao gm cc cng on :
- Cng tc chun b
- Cng tc nh v tim cc
- Cng tc h ng vch khoan v bm dung dch Bentonite
- Xc nhn su h khoan v x l cn lng y h cc
- Cng tc chun b v h lng thp
- Lp ng b tng
- Cng tc b tng v rt ng thp
- Kim tra cht lng cc
3.1. Cng tc chun b
vic thi cng cc khoan nhi t hiu qu cao th ngoi vic phi chun
b cc loi thit b thi cng cn thit phi iu tra kh nng vn chuyn, p dng

cc bin php ngn nga ting n v chn ng, ... cn phi tin hnh iu tra
y cc mt v tnh hnh phm vi chung quanh hin trng.
Cn ch my khoan thuc loi thit b ln rt nng nn nht thit phi iu
tra y v phng n v l trnh vn chuyn. Phi m bo phi c din
tch hin trng lp dng thit b, ngoi ra cn phi thc hin vic x l gia
c mt ng v nn t trong khu vc thi cng thuan tin cho cng vic
lp dng thit b v xe c i li.
Phi c cc bin php hn ch tc hi ca ting n v chn ng. Cc bin
php gim ting n nh sau :
- Gim ting n t ng c n : ch hng pht ra ting n v t chp
ht m ng c n.
- in kh ho ngun ng lc : dng ng c in thay th cho my n ,
my nn kh.
- Xy tng bao quang hin trng : hiu qu ca vic cch m bng
tng ph thuc rt nhiu vo cao v cht liu lm tng. Nu tng lm
bng vt liu cch m th hiu qu rt cao.
Cn ch xc nhn chng loi v v tr ca cc vt kin trc ngm v xem
xt kh nng gy nh hng n khu vc v cng trnh ln cn c bin php
x l thch hp.

3.2. nh v v tr t cc
Phi dng my kinh v xc nh v tr t cc. Vic nh v c tin hnh
trong thi gian dng ng vch, c th nhn thy ng vch c tc dng u tin
l m bo c nh v tr cc. Trong qu trnh ly t ra khi lng cc cn khoan
s c a ra a vo lin tc nn tc dng th hai ca ng vch l m bo
khng cho sp thnh pha trn v cc khng b lch ra khi v tr.
T mt bng nh v mng cc ca nh lp h thng nh v v li khng
ch cho cng trnh theo to . Cc li nh v ny c chuyn di v c nh
vo cc cng trnh ln cn hoc lp thnh cc mc nh v. Cc mc ny c
ro chn bo v chu o v lin tc kim tra phng x dch do va chm v
ln.
3.3. Cng tc h ng vch, khoan v bm dung dch Bentonite
ng vch l mt ng thp c ng knh ln hn ng knh gu khoan
khong 10cm, ng vch di khong 6m c t phn trn ming h khoan
nh ln khi mt t khong 0,6m
ng vch c nhim v :
- nh v v dn hng cho my khoan
- Gi n nh cho b mt h khoan v chng sp thnh phn trn h khoan
- Bo v t , thit b khng ri xung h khoan
- Lm sn tm v thao tc buc ni v lp dng ct thp, lp dng v
tho d ng b tng.
Sau khi b tng cc nhi xong, ng vch s c rt ln v thu hi li.
Cc phng php h ng vch:
- Phng php rung: L s dng loi ba rung thng thng, t su
khong 6 mt phi mt khong 10 pht, do qu trnh rung di nh hng n
ton b khu vc ln cn nn khc phc hin tng trn, trc khi h ng
vch, ngi ta o sn mt h su t 2,5 n 3 m ti v tr h cc vi mc ch
bc b lp cng trn mt t gim thi gian ca ba rung xung cn khong 2-3
pht.

- Phng php p: L s dng my p p ng vch xung su cn

thit. Phng php ny chu c rung ng nhng thit b cng knh, thi cng
phc tp v nng sut thp.
- S dng chnh my khoan h ng vch: y l phng php ph bin
hin nay. Ngi ta lp vo gu khoan thm mt ai st m rng h o
khoan n ht su ca ng vch th dng cn cu hoc my o a ng
vch vo v tr v h xung cao trnh cn thit, dng cn g nh ln ng vch
iu chnh thng ng. Sau khi t ng vch xong phi chn cht bng t
st v nm ng vch khng dch chuyn c trong qu trnh khoan.

3.3.1. Cng tc khoan to l

Qu trnh ny c thc hin sau khi t xong ng vch tm. t ly ra
khi lng cc c thc hin bng thit b khoan c bit, u khoan ly t c
th l loi gung xon cho lp t st hoc l loi thng cho lp t ct. im
c bit ca thit b ny l cn khoan: Cn c dng ng ten gm 3 ng lng vo
nhau v truyn c chuyn ng xoay, ng trong cng gn vi gu khoan v
ng ngoi cng gn vi ng c xoay ca my khoan. Cn c th ko di n
su cn thit.

Trong khi khoan do cu to nn t thay i hoc c khi gp d vt i hi

ngi ch huy khoan phi c kinh nghim x l kp thi kt hp vi mt s
cng c c bit nh mi khoan ph, mi khoan ct, gu ngom, ba my...
Mt s loi my khoan cc nhi ph bin :

3.3.2. Dung dch Bentonite

Bentonite l loi t st c kch thc ht nh hn t st kaolinite nn
ngi ta thng dng t st Bentonite ch to bn khoan. Dung dch st
Bentonite c hai tc dng chnh:
- Gi cho thnh h o khng b sp nh dung dch chui vo khe nt
quyn vi ct ri to thnh mt mng n hi bc quanh thnh vch h gi cho
ct v cc vt th vn khng b ri v ngn khng cho nc thm thu qua vch.
- To mi trng nng nng t vn khoan ni ln mt trn tro ra
hoc ht khi h khoan.
Cc c tnh k thut ca bt Bentonite :
- m 9- 11%
- trng n 14- 16 ml/g
- Khi lng ring 2,1T/m3
- pH ca keo vi 5% 9,8 - 10,5
- Gii hn lng Aherberg > 400- 450
- Ch s do 350-400

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- lt sng c 100: 98-99%

- tn trn sng c 74: 2,2-2,5%
3.3.3. Bn khoan
Bn khoan l dung dich Bentonite bao gm nc, st Bentonite, t st
thng thng, xi mng v cht ph gia
Cc thng s k thut ch yu ca dung dch Bentonite c khng ch
nh sau:
- Hm lng ct < 5%
- Dung trng 1,01-1,1
- nht 32-34giy
- pH 9,5-11,7
- Liu lng trn 30-50 kg Bentonite/m3
Do dung dch Bentonite c tm quan trng c bit vi cht lng h khoan
do phi cung cp dung dch Bentonite to thnh p lc d gi cho thnh h
khoan khng sp. Cao trnh dung dch Bentonite t nht phi cao hn cao trnh
mc nc ngm t 1-2m, thng thng nn gi cho cao trnh dung dch
Bentonite cch mt trn ca ng vch l 1m, ngi ta c th t thm ng bao
pha ngoi ng vch tng thm cao trnh v p lc ca dung dch Bentonite
nu cn thit.
Trong qu trnh khoan, chiu su ca h khoan c th uc tnh nh cun
cp hoc chiu di cn khoan. xc nh chnh xc hn ngi ta dng mt
qu di y bng ng knh khong 5cm buc vo u thc dy th xung
y o chiu su h o v cao trnh b tng trong qu trnh . Trong sut
qu trnh o, phi kim tra thng ng ca cc thng qua cn khoan. Gii
hn nghing cho php ca cc khng vt qu 1%.
3.4. Xc nhn su h khoan v x l cn lng y h cc
3.4.1. Xc nhn su h khoan
Khi tnh ton ngi ta ch da vo mt vi mi khoan kho st a cht
tnh ton su trung bnh cn thit ca cc nhi. Trong thc t thi cng do mt

11

ct a cht c th thay i, cc a tng c th khng ng u gia cc mi

khoan nn khng nht thit phi khoan ng nh su thit k qui nh m
cn c s iu chnh.
Trong thc t, ngi thit k ch qui nh a tng t y cc v khi khoan
y cc phi ngp vo a tng t y cc t nht l mt ln ng knh ca
cc. xc nh chnh xc im dng ny khi khoan ngi ta ly mu cho tng
a tng khc nhau v on cui cng nn ly mu cho tng gu khoan.
Ngi gim st hin trng xc nhn t dc chiu su yu cu, ghi
chp y , k c bng chp nh mu khoan lm t liu bo co ri cho dng
khoan, s dng gu vt vt sch t ri trong y h khoan, o chiu sau
h khoan chnh thc v cho chuyn sang cong on khc.
3.4.2. X l cn lng y h khoan
nh hng ca cn lng i vi cht lng cc : Cc khoan nhi chu ti
trng rt ln nn ng li di y h khoan bn t hoc bentonite dng
bn nho s nh hng nghim trng ti kh nng chu ti ca mi cc, gy st
ln cho kt cu bn trn, lm cho cng trnh b dch chuyn gy bin dng v
nt. V th mi cc u phi c x l cn lng rt k lng.
C 2 loi cn lng:
- Cn lng ht th: Trong qu trnh to l t ct ri vi hoc khng kp
a ln sau khi ngng khoan s lng xung a h. Loi cn lng ny to bi
cc ht ng knh tng i to, do khi lng ng xung y th rt kh
moi ln.
- Cn lng ht mn: y l nhng ht rt nh l lng trong dung dch
bentonite, sau khi khoan to l xong qua mt thi gian mi lng dn xung y
h.
Cc bc x l cn lng:
- Bc 1: X l cn lng th_ i vi phng php khoan gu sau khi l
t n su d nh m khng a gu ln vi m tip tc cho gu xoay
vt bn t cho n khi y h ht cn lng mi thi.

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i vi phng php khoan l phn tun hon th xong khi kt thc cng
vic to l phi m bm ht cho khoan chy khng ti 10 pht, n khi bm
ht ra khng cn thy t ct mi ngng v nhc u khoan ln.
- Bc 2: X k cn lng ht mn: bc ny c thc hin trc khi
b tng. C nhiu phng php x l cn lng ht mn:
+ Phng php thi ra dng kh nn: Dng ngay ng b tng
lm ng x l cn lng. Sau khi lp xong ng b tng ngi ta lp u thi
ra ln u trn ca ng. u thi ra c 2 ca, mt ca c ni vi ng dn
thu hi dung dch bentonite v bn t t y h khoan v thit b lc dung
dch, mt ca khc c th ng kh nn 45,
ng ny di khong 80% chiu di ca cc.
Khi bt u thi ra, kh nn c thi

lin

tc vi p lc 7kg/cm2 qua ng ng 45 t
bn trong ng b tng. Khi kh nn ra khi
ng 45 s quay tr li thot ln trn ng

to

thnh mt p lc ht y h a dung dch

bentonite v cn lng theo ng b tng n
thit b lc v thu hi dung dch. Trong sut
qu trnh thi ra ny phi lin tc cp b
dung dch bentonite m cao trnh v p

lc

ca bentonite ln h mng khng thay i.

Thi gian thi ra thng t 20-30 pht. Sau

khi

ngng cp kh nn, ngi ta th dy o su. Nu lp bn lng <10cm th tin

hnh kim tra dung dch bentonite ly ra t y h khoan, lng h khoan c
coi l sch khi dung dch y h khoan tho mn:
T trng =1,04-1,20 g/cm3
nht =20-30 giy
pH =9-12
Phng php ny c u im l khng cn b sung thm thit b g v c
th dng cho bt c phng php thi cng no.

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+ Phng php lun chuyn bentonite: Dng mt my bm cng sut

khong 45-60m3/h treo vo mt si cp v th xung y h khoan nhng lun
nm trong ng b tng. Mt ng ng ng knh =80-100 mm c gn
vo u trn ca my bm v c c nh vo cp treo my bm, ng ny a
dung dch bn bentonite v my lc. Trong qu trnh lun chuyn dung dch
bentonite lun lun c b sung vo ming h khoan v thng xuyn kim tra
cc ch tiu ca bn bentonite bm ra. Khi dung dch ny t ch tiu sch v
lng t yu cu 10cm th ngng bm v kt thc cng on lun chuyn
bentonite ny.
3.5. Cng tc chun b v h lng thp
Trong cc cc khoan nhi thng cc nh thit k ch t ct thp ti 1/3
chiu di ca cc nhng cng c cc thit k ca Nht hoc mt s nc khc
li t ct thp xung tn y.
Ct thp ng buc sn thnh tng lng vn chuyn v t ln gi gn h
khoan, sau khi kim tra y h khoan nu lp bn ct lng di y h <10cm
th c th tin hnh lp t ct thp. Trong gia cng ct thp ngi ta c th
dng hn in c nh ct ai, ct dng khung v ct ch. Khi dng hn in
lin kt phi ch n cht lng c th thay i hoc tit din thp b gim
i. Trng hp ct thp chu lc l ct thp cng cao th khng c hn
m phi ni buc bng dy thp mm 2mm hoc dng kp ch U c bt c. Vic
ni ct thp phi c tnh ton v theo di cn thn trnh ri mt lng thp.
V di chia on ca lng thp nu cng di cng gim c s lng
khung thp v u ni ct thp, nh vy cng tit kim c thp v trnh c
mt s khuyt im trong kt cu. Tuy nhin nu chia on di qu th d gy ra
bin dng hoc c th lm bong, lm tut cc im ni, im buc lm cho lp
bo v khng u v thm ch c khi lm cho khung thp b tri ln dn n gim
cht lng cc. Ngc li nu lng thp lm qu ngn th s tn vt liu, khi
thao tc ni u khung thp s tn nhiu thi gian.
Do tng phng php thi cng khc nhau, ph thuc vo kt cu cng
trnh, thit b thi cng v mt bng xy dng thng di chia on ca lng
thp giao ng trong khong 8-12m.

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Ct thp c h xung h khoan tng lng mt bng cn trc v c

treo tm thi trn ming h vch bng cch ngng qua cc ai tng cng buc
sn cch u trn ca lng khong 1,5m. Dng cn trc a lng thp tip theo
ni vi lng di v tip tc h xung cho n khi kt thc.
Ct thp c c nh vo ming ng vch nh cc quang treo. Trng
hp Ct thp khng di ht chiu di ca cc th cn phi chng lc y ni ct
thp ln khi b tng bng cch hn nhng thanh thp hnh vo ng vch
c nh lng thp.
Khi h ct thp phi tin hnh rt cn thn t t gi cho lng thp lun
thng ng trnh va chm lng thp vo thnh h khoan lm sp thnh gy
kh khn cho vic no vt thi ra.
m bo dy ca lp b tng bo v thng gn mt ngoi Ct
thp ch mt dng c nh v Ct thp bng b tng, bng cht do hoc hn
thm tai thp trn hay thp bn vo mt ngoi lng thp. C ly theo chiu di
ca dng c nh v ct thp thng t 3-6m v trnh lch tm s lng dng
c nh v mi mt ct l t 4-6 ci.
3.6. Lp ng b tng
Tu theo phng php x l cn lng, ng b tng c th c lp ngay
sau khi khoan h xong lm cng vic thi ra y h khoan nhng cng c
th c lp ch b tng sau khi x l cn lng.
ng b tng l ng thp dy khong 3mm ng knh t 25-30cm c
ch to thnh tng on c cc mun c bn l 0,5m; 1,0m; 1,5m; 2,0m;
2,50m; 3,00m; 5,00m; 6,00m c th t hp lp rp tu theo chiu su ca h
khoan.
C 2 cch ni ng hin nay l ni bng ren v ni bng cp. Cch ni bng
cp c s dng rng ri hn nhanh hn v d thao tc hn. Ch ni thng
c giong cao su ngn dung dch bentonite thm nhp vo ng v c
bi m tho lp c d dng.
ng b tng c lp dn tng on t di ln trn. lp ng
c thun tin ngi ta s dng mt h gi c bit qua ming h vch,

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trn gi c 2 na vnh khuyn c bn l, ming ca mi on ng c ng

knh to hn v khi th xung th b gi li trn 2 na vnh khuyn . V th ng
b tng c treo vo ming h vch qua gi c bit ny. Khi na vnh
khuyn trn gi sp xung s to thnh mt hnh trn m kht ly thn ng
b tng. y di ca ng b tng c t cch y h khoan 20cm
trnh b tc ng do t di y h khoan nt li.
3.7. Cng tc b tng v rt ng vch
Sau khi kt thc thi ra h khoan v t lng thp cn phi tin hnh
b tng ngay v lu bn ct s tip tc lng nh hng n cht lng ca
cc.
V nguyn tc b tng cc khoan nhi l b tng di nc bng
ng dn, cho nn t l cp phi b tng phi ph hp vi do, dnh, d
chy trong ng dn m khng hay b gin on, thng ngi ta dng loi b
tng do c st 13-18cm. T l ct khong 45%, lng xi mng trn
370kg/m3. T l nc xi mng nh hn 50%. Thng ngi dng b tng si
v b tng si d chy hn b tng dm.
tng cng mt s tnh cht ca b tng v thun li trong thi cng
ngi ta c th cho vo b tng mt s cht ph gia nh cht tng kh, cht
gim nc hoc cht ng rn chm.
3.7.1. Hnh thc ng dn dng b tng
C 2 loi : Loi y y v loi c van trt
+ Loi y y l loi ng dn c mt np y di y. y np li v
cho ng dn t t chm xung y h, lc ny trong ng dn khng c nc.
Sau tin hnh b tng vo v nhc ng dn ln, ci np s ri ra v lu li
y h. Ngi ta cng c th s dng mt nt bc t vo ng ngn
cch gia b tng v dung dch bentonite trong ng , sau khi nhc ng ln
nt bc s ri ra v ni ln mt bentonite trn ming cc v c thu hi.
+ Phng php van trt: y ng dn vn h, cng nh phng
php trn, ngi ta t t a ng dn xung cch y h khoan khong 1020cm. Trc khi b tng cho van trt vo trong ng st ti mt dung dch

16

bentonite, sau nh trng lng b tng c lin tc m y nc

trong ng dn ra ngoi.
3.7.2. Tc v thi gian b tng
Nu qu trnh b tng b gin on th d sinh ra s c t cc nn
b tng phi tht lin tc, mt khc nu phn b tng trc vo giai
on s ninh th s tr ngi cho vic chuyn ng ca b tng tip theo trong
ng dn.
Tc b tng nn c gng cng nhanh cng tt. Phng php thng
dng l cho trc tip b tng t xe vn chuyn qua mng vo trong phu ca
ng dn, tuy vy nu qu trnh qu nhanh cng s c vn l to ma st
ln gia b tng v thnh h khoan gy l t lm gim cht lng b tng.
Kinh nghim cho thy tc b tng thch hp l khong 0,6m3/pht.
Thi gian b tng 1 cc ch nn khng ch trong 4 gi, v m b tng
u tin s b y ni ln trn cng nn m b tng ny nn c ph gia ko di
ninh kt m bo khng b ninh kt trc khi kt thc hon ton vic b
tng cc . Ngoi ra phi ch l theo phng php ng dn th khong 1,5
gi t khi bt u trn b tng phi cho k ht.
3.7.3. su cm ng dn vo trong b tng v cao vt ln ca b
tng trn u cc:
Trong qu trnh b tng, ng c rt ln dn bng cch tho b dn
tng on ng sao cho ng lun lun ngp trong va b tng t 2-9m mc ch
y b tng t y ng dn ra, b tng dng dn ln khng cho dung dch
bentonite v bn ct pha trn ln vo b tng.
Mt khc nu ng dn cm vo b tng qu su th b tng phn y ca
ng chy khng thng v s lm cho b tng trong phu u ng dn b trn ra
ngoi v ri t do vo tronhg l lm km cht lng b tng v lm gim rt
nhiu kh nng gi thnh t ca dung dch bentonite.
phn trn u cc khi b tng di nc th khng th trnh khi bn,
cn lng ln vo trong b tng lm gim cht lng ca b tng do vy m

17

bo an ton ngi ta thng b tong cc vt ln mt o so vi cao ca

thit k khong 50cm.
kt thc qu trnh b tng, phi xc nh c cao trnh ca b tng
v cao trnh tht ca b tng cht lng tt. Vic quyt nh thi im ngng
b tng s do nh thu xut v gim st hin trng chp thun.
3.7.4. Rt ng vch
Lc ny cc gi , sn cng tc, treo ct thp vo ng vch u c
tho d. ng vch c ko ln t t bng cn cu v phi ko thng ng
trnh x dch tim u cc. C th phi gn thm mt thit b rung vo ng vch
vic rt ng vch c d dng.
Sau khi rt ng vch phi lp ct vo h cc nu cc su, lp h thu
bentonite v ro chn tm bo v cc.
Khng c php rung ng hoc khoan cc khc trong vng 24 gi k t
khi kt thc b tng cc trong phm vi 5 ln ng knh ca cc.
3.8. Kim tra cht lng cc khoan nhi
Vic kim tra cht lng thi cng cc khoan nhi ni chung phi thc hin
trc tip ti hin trng, do s phc tp trong thi cng, gi thnh cng nh tnh
cht quan trng ca cc khoan nhi i vi cng trnh nn yu cu kim tra
giai on ch to cc phi ht sc nghim ngt, t l lng cc kim tra nhiu v
nu c mt s sai st no trong qu trnh ch to gy h hng s rt kh sa
hoc nu khc phc th chi ph s rt ln.
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy : nguyn nhn gy h hng cc khoan nhi rt
a dng nhng phn ln cc khuyt tt l do cng ngh thi cng khng thch
hp gy ra v vy cn phi kim tra cht ch ton b cc cng on thi cng cc.
Tuy vy, sau khi b tng vic kim tra cht lng cc vn cn thit
nhm pht hin cc khuyt tt v x l nhng cc b h hng. i tng ca
vic kim tra cc khoan nhi l cht lng ca nn t v cht lng ca bn
thn cc. Vn kim tra c 2 ch tiu ny c nhiu phng php thc hin
bng cc cng c hin i, c th phn ra 2 phng php c bn l phng
php tnh v phng php ng.

18

3.8.1. Kim tra bng phng php tnh

* Phng php gia ti tnh : y l phng php ph bin v ng tin cy
kim tra kh nng chu ti ca cc. Tu theo yu cu c th ngi ta c th
xc nh kh nng chu nn, chu ko hay chu y ca cc. V i tng gia ti
c th s dng cc vt nng cht ti hoc s dng khoan neo xung t. C
2 quy trnh nn tnh c s dng trong thc t l :
+ Quy trnh th nghim nn chm vi ti trng khng i nh gi ng
thi kh nng chu ti v tc ln ca cc theo thi gian. Th nghim cc theo
quy trnh ny i hi nhiu thi gian, c th ko di nhiu ngy.
+ Quy trnh tc chuyn dch khng i nhm mc ch duy nht l ng
gi kh nng chu ti ca cc. Th nghim theo quy trnh ny ch ko di 3-5 gi.
Ngoi 2 quy trnh trn ngi ta cn p dng mt s quy trnh gia ti khc
nh quy trnh th nghim nhanh vi gia ti khng i, quy trnh th nghim cn
bng...
Nhc im c bn ca phng php ny l gi thnh rt cao v cng tc
chun b th nghim i hi nhiu thi gian.
* Phng php khoan ly mu li cc: Dng my khoan ly cc mu
hnh tr c ng knh 50-150 mm cc su khc nhau dc sut chiu di
thn cc 3 v tr cch u nhau trn mt ct ngang ca cc.
u im ca phng php ny l c th xc nh chnh xc cht lng b
tng ca cc nhng nhc im l chi ph ly mu kh ln. Khi khoan 3 l cho
mi cc nu khoan ht c chiu di th chi ph khoan xp x gi thnh cc.
* Phng php siu m: y l phng php rt ph bin v nh n c th
pht hin cc khuyt tt ca b tng ng thi da vo s tng quan gia tc
truyn sng v cng b tng ta c th bit c cng b tng m
khng phi ly mu hay ph hu kt cu.
Ngi ta t 2 ng thp c ng knh 80mm vo lng thp vi chiu di
ng bng chiu su h o v i xng nhau qua trc ca cc trc khi tin
hnh b tng. Sau ny, khi kim tra cht lng ca cc th a u thu v
u pht siu m vo 2 ng thp trn v lun c gi cng mt cao trnh,

19

sng siu m s qut theo tit din ca cc. Bng cch ny ngi ta nh gi
c cht lng b tng nm gia 2 l khoan. kim tra cht ch hn cht
lng cc c th khoan hoc t sn t 3-5 l trn mi cy cc th nghim. C
th s dng phng php siu m m u thu v u pht cng c gn trn
mt thanh ch to bng vt liu cch m.
Phng php siu m cho kt qu kh chnh xc, ng tin cy, gi thnh th
nghim khng qu cao, nhiu nc quy nh s cc phi th nghim theo
phng php ny l 10% s cc.
3.8.2. Kim tra bng phng php ng
* Phng php o m di : Nguyn l l s dng l thuyt t hin tng
m di : Ngi ta g mt ba vo u cc, mt thit b ghi gn ngay trn u cc
ghi cc hiu ng v m di, kt qu o c s c my tnh x l v cho ra
kt qu v cht lng cc.
Phng php ny n gin, tc kim tra rt nhanh c th t ti 300
cc/ngy nhng nhc im c bn ca phng php ny l chnh xc ch
t yu cu vi su 20m tr li (phng php bin dng nh).
* Phng php rung : Cc th nghim c rung cng bc vi bin
khng i trong khi tn s rung c thay i trong mt di kh rng. Tn s cng
hng ghi c s cho ta bit cc khuyt tt ca cc nh tit din b gim yu,
cng b tng thay i...
Phng php ch mi p dng ch yu Php bi th nghim kh phc tp
v i hi ngi phn tch nh gi kt qu phi c trnh cao, nhiu kinh
nghim.
* Phng php bin dng ln : Theo phng php ny, xung chn ng
c to bi ba c trng lng ln (15-20 T) huy ng ton b kh nng
chu ti ca t nn. Trong th nghim ch cn 2-3 nht ba l nhng cc phi
t dch chuyn cn thit. Ngi ta ghi sng gia tc v sng bin dng cho
mi nht ba. Kt qu s c x l bng cc chng trnh my tnh. Do nng
lng s dng trong th nghim rt ln nn trong thc t c th pht hin c
khuyt tt ca cc su khng hn ch.

20

Nhc im ca phng php ny l thit b ca ba nng v cng knh

mt khc do lc xung ng ln c th lm hng cc.
* Phng php tnh ng (Statnamic): Nguyn l l p dng nguyn tc
hot ng ca ng c tn la : thit b th nghim c gn vo u cc cng
vi thit b gy n to ra phn lc trn u cc. Khi n, cc thng s v gia
tc, bin dng v chuyn v u cc s c thit b th nghim ghi li v nh
cc phng trnh v truyn sng s cho ta biu quan h gia ti trng tc
dng v chuyn v, t s xc nh c ti trng gii hn ca cc.
4. THI CNG CC BARRET
Qui trnh thi cng cc barret v c bn ginh hn thi cng cc khoan nhi,
ch khc l thit b thi cng o h v hnh dng lng ct thp. Thi cng cc
khoan nhi th dng li khoan hnh ng trn v lng ct thp hnh ng trn, cn
thi cng cc baret th dng loi gu ngom hnh ch nht v lng ct thp c tit
din hnh ch nht
Cc cng vic thi cng cc barret nh sau:
4.1. o h cc
4.1.1. Thit b o h
C th ni, hin nay thit b o h cc bart rt a dng. nc ngoi,
mi tng cng ty chuyn nghip c th c cc loi ring. Tuy nhin, ni chung th
cc loi gu ngom o h c tit din hnh ch nht vi cnh ngn t 0,60m
n 1,50m, cnh di t 2,00m n 4,00m ( phn ln l 3,00m ), cn chiu cao
th c th t 6,00m n 12,00m.
Thit b o c loi gu ngom o loi t st v loi ct. Cn khi cn
ph dng loi u ph vi nhng bnh xe rng ca c ln c gn li kim
cng, mt loi thit b ca hng Bachy Soletanche ( Php ).
Xem nh ca gu o cc barrette km y.

21

Ta c th hnh dung kch thc ca gu o vi t l l ngi ng cnh

trong hnh.
4.1.2. Chun b h o
m bo cho gu o ng v tr v xung thng, cn phi lm nh sau:
o bng tay mt h c tit din ng bng kch thc tit din cc bart
v su khong 0,80m n 1,00m.
t vo h o ni trn mt khung c bng thp ch to sn.
Nu khng c khung c bng thp ch to sn, th c th bng b tng
hoc xy bng gch tt vi xi mng mc cao.
Sau khi b tng cc xong th b khung c bng st ming h ra hoc
p phn b tng hoc gch xy c nh hng ny i ( lp b tng dy khong
14cm, hoc lp gch dy khong 20m ).

Cn ch thm rng m bo k

thut , th phi c cng nhn iu khin thit b thnh tho v tay ngh cao.

22

4.1.3. Ch to dung dch bentonite (bn khoan)

Dung dch bentonite dng gi cho thnh h o ca cc bart khng b
st l.
4.1.3.1. Tnh cht dung dch bentonite mi ( trc khi dng )
Bentonite bt c ch to sn trong nh my, thng ng thnh tng
bao 50kg ( ging nh bao xi mng ). Hin nay nc ta phi nhp bentonite t
nc ngoi, ch yu t c do cng ty ERBSLOH ch to. Tu theo yu cu k
thut khoan, o v tnh cht a tng, m ho tan t 20kg n 50kg bt
bentonite vo 1 mt khi nc.
Mt dung dch mi, trc lc s dng phi c cc c tnh sau y:
-

Dung trng nm trong khong t 1,01 n 1,05 ( tr trng hp loi

bn st c bit, c th c dung trng n 1,15 ).

nht Marsh > 35 giy.

tch nc di 30 cm khi.

Hm lng ct bng 0.

ng knh ht di 3mm.

4.1.3.2. S dng v s l dung dch bentonite (bn khoan)

Qu trnh ch to, s dng, thu hi, x l v ti to s dng dung dch
bentonite ( dung dch khoan, bn khoan ) c thc hin nh sau:
Ch to dung dch bentonite mi gm:
Cc bao bentonite mi gm:
-

Cc bao bentonite bt c cha trong kho ( bao ) hoc trong sil

(bt).

Ch to dung dch bentonite:

+ C th dng phu trn n gin.
+ C th dng my trn.

Thng trn 20kg n 50kg bt bentonite vi 1 mt khi nc ( tu theo

yu cu ca thit k ). Ngoi ra, theo yu cu k thut c th, m c th cho

23

thm vo dung dch mt s cht ph gia mc ch lm cho n nng thm, khc

phc kh nng vn cc ca bt bentonite, tng thm st hoc ngc li gim
st bng cch chuyn n thnh th lng, chng li s nhim bn ca n bi
xi mng hoc thch cao, gim pH ca n hoc tng ln, gim tnh tch nc
ca n, v.v
Sau dung dch khoan mi c cha vo b cha bng thp, b
cha xy gch, b cha bng cao su c khung thp hoc bng sil ( tu tng
iu kin c th m s dng loi b cha no ).
S dng dung dch bentonite mt cch tun hon. Trong khi khoan hoc
o h phi lun lun y dung dch khoan trong h. Dung dch khoan ny l
dung dch mi. Gu o xung su n u th phi b xung ngay dung dch
khoan cho y h. Trong khi o dung dch khoan bentonite b nhim bn ( do
t, ct ) lm gim kh nng gi n nh thnh h, do phi thay th. lm
vic , phi ht bn bn t h khoan, o ln a v trm x l. C th dng
loi bm chm t y h o hoc bm ht c mng lc trn mt t.
Dung dch khoan c a v trm x l. Cc tp cht b kh i, cn li l
dung dch khoan nh mi ti x dng.
Dung dch sau khi c x l phi c cc c tnh sau y:
-

Dung trng di 1,2 ( tr loi dung dch nng c bit ).

nht Marsh nm gia 35 v 40 giy.

tch nc di 40 cm khi.

Hm lng ct ti a 5%.

4.1.4. o h cc bart bng gu ngom

Dng loi kch thc gu o thch hp m bo c kch thc h
o ng vi kch thc cc bart theo thit k. Gu o phi th ng c nh
hng t sn. H o phi m bo ng v tr v thng ng. Hin nay c
thit b kim tra kch thc hnh hc v thng ng ca h khoan, h o ( v
d ti Vin Khoa hc cng ngh v Giao thng vn ti ). Trong lc o, phi
cung cp thng xuyn dung dch bentonite ( bn khoan ) mi, tt vo y h
o. Mt khc, mc cao ca dung dch bentonite trong h o bao gi cng phi

24

cao hn mc nc ngm ngoi h o ti thiu 2,00m. Dung dch bentonite

c tun hon v x l trong h o thng xuyn c dung dch bentonite
tt, sch, mi. Phi m bo cho kch thc hnh hc ( tit din v chiu su )
h o ng thit k v khng b st l thnh h. Mun vy, phi m bo cho
dung dch bentonite thu hi ch cha cn lng t ct di 5%. ng thi cng
c th kim tra thng ng v hin tng st l h o thng xuyn mt
cch on gin bng dy di vi u dy l qu di nng.
Khi o n su thit k, phi tin hnh thi ra bng nc c p
lm sch y h. C th dng loi bm chm ht cn lng bng t ct nh
ln. Cn ct to, cui si, vn th dng gu ngom vt sch ri a ln. Lng
cn lng thng rt kh vt sch c hon ton, do trong thc t c th cho
php chiu dy lp cn lng di y h o nh thua 10cm.
kim tra chiu dy lp cn lng c th dng dy di vi qu nng
ngi o c th cm nhn c hoc dng thit b o bng phng php chnh
lch in tr kiu CZ.IIB do Trung Quc mi ch to.
Ch l vic thi ra y h o rt quan trng v ht sc ht sc cn
thn. Do phi s dng thit b chuyn dng, thch hp v ngi thc hin
phi c tay ngh thnh tho, c kinh nghim v c tinh thn trch nhim. m
bo c y h cng sch th sc chu ti ca cc cng tt.
Sau khi o xong h cc bart, phi kim tra li ln cui cng kch thc
hnh hc ca n. Kch thc cnh ngn ca tit din ch c php sai s
5cm, kch thc cnh di ca tit din ch c php sai s 10cm, chiu su
h ch c php sai s trong khong 10cm v nghing ca h theo cnh
ngn ch c sai s trong khong 1% so vi chiu su h o.
4.2. Ch to lng ct thp v th vo h o cho cc bart
Sai s cho php v kch thc hnh hc ca lng ct thp nh sau:
-

C li gia cc ct thp dc:

1mm;

C li gia cc ct thp ai:

2mm;

Kch thc cnh ngn tit din:

5mm;

Kch thc cnh di tit din:

10mm;

25

di tng cng ca lng ct thp:

50mm.

Chiu di ca mi on lng thp, tu theo kh nng ca cu, thng di

t 6m n 12m. Ngoi vic phi t hp lng ct thp nh thit k, tu tnh hnh
thc t, nu cn, cn c th tng cng cc thp ai cho ( c ng knh ln
hn ct ai ) gng lng ct thp thp li cho chc chn, khng b xc xch khi
vn chuyn.
Khi th tng on lng ct thp vo h o sn cho cc bart, phi cn
chnh cho chnh xc, phi thng ng v khng c va chm vo thnh h
o.
Ni cc on lng ct thp vi nhau khi th xong tng on c th dng
phng php buc ( nu cc ch chu nn ) v dung phng php hn in ( nu
cc chu c lc nn, lc un v lc nh ).
Ch :
-

Khi th tng on lng ct thp xung h o, phi c cc thanh

thp nh hnh kho ngng gi vo ming h n khi ri
xung h.

Trong trng hp nh ca lng ct thp nm di mt t, hoc

nm di mc ca dung dch betonite, th phi c du hiu bit
c v tr ca lng ct thp.

4.3. cc btng bart:

Sau khi vt sch y h ( dung dch bentonite ), trong khong thi gian
khng qu 3 gi, phi tin hnh btng. btng bng phng php va
dy hay cn gi l btng trong nc.
Cp phi btng thng thng nh sau: Dng ct liu nh (1 x 2cm hoc 2
x 3cm ) bng si hay dm; ct vng khoang 45%, t l nc trn ximng
khong 50%; dng lng xi mng PC30 khong 370 n 400kg cho mi mt
khi b tng. st ca btng trong khong t 13 n 18cm.
C th dng thm ph gia nhng phi thn trng.

26

Trc khi btng phi lp ng cong b tng cho mt cc bart,

theo tng t btng mt. Mt ng cong btng c t nht 5 im phn b
u n trn chiu di cc.
btng bng phu hoc mng nghing ni vi ng dn. ng dn lm
bng kim loi, c ng knh trong ln hn 4 ln ng knh ca ct liu ht v
thng ln hn hay bng 120mm. ng dn c t hp bng cc loi ng c
chiu di khong 2 n 3m, c ni vi nhau rt kht bng ren, nhng ng
thi d tho lp.
Trc khi btng vo phu hay mng nghing, phi c nt tm ( bng
va ximng ct t ) u ng dn. Khi btng y p phu, trong lng
btng s y nt va xung dng btng chy lin tc xung h cc. Lm
nh vy trnh cho btng b phn tng.
ng btng c chiu di ton b bng chiu di cc. Trc lc
btng n chm y, sau c nng ln khong 15cm dng btng ( sau
khi b nt tm ) chy lin tc xung y h cc v dng dn ln trn.
Khi btng t di y h dng ln dn dn, th cng rt ng dn btng
dn dn ln, nhng phi lun m bo cho ng dn ngp trong btng ti mt
on t 2 n 3m. Lm nh vy btng khng b phn tng v sau khi ninh
kt xong th btng khng b khuyt tt.
Tc btng khng c chm qu hay nhanh qu, tc hp l nht
l 0,60 mt khi/pht.
Khng nn bt u btng vo ban m m nn bt u b tng cho
mi cc vo bui sng sm. Phi lin tc khng c ngh cho xong tng cc
trong mt ngy.
Phi thng xuyn theo di ghi chp mc cao ca mt btng ti dng
ln sau mi xe t ( mch ) b tng vo h cc.
Phi tnh c khi lng btng cn thit xong cho mi cc; nh
vy c th ch ng c trong vic chun b s xe btng cn thit mt cch
hp l, y v kp thi.

27

Khi lng btng thc t thng nhiu hn khi lng btng tnh ton
( theo kch thc hnh hc ca h o cho cc ) l khong t 5% n 20%. Nu
qu 20% th phi bo cho thit k kim tra li.
Mt s iu cn ch thm v qu trnh btng cc bart:
Khi b tng n vi ba mt nh cc th u ng dn btng ch cn
ngp trong b tng ti khong 1m.
Nn b tng cao hn mc nh cc l thuyt khong 5cm. Khi rt ng
dn ra khi cc phi nh nhng, t t trnh cho btng b xo trn.
Phi m bo cho lp btng bo v ct thp dy hn hay ti thiu l 7cm.
Ch c o h cc bn cnh h ang btng cc vi iu kin:
+ Khong cch gia hai mp cnh cc bart ln hn hay bng 2b ( trong
b l cnh ngn ca tit din cc ).
+ Btng cc xong trn 6 ting ng h ( v sau 6 gi th btng
cc mi cng cn thit ).
Chiu cao gii hn ct u cc ( on btng xu li ct thp cu to
vo i cc ) tnh t gia mt phng u cc theo l thuyt v u cc lc kt
thc l:
+ 0,3 ( Z + 1 ), khi cao l thuyt ca mt phng u cc nm chiu
su Z (m) di mt sn cng tc, nh hn 5m.
+ Bng 0,8m khi cao l thuyt ca mt phng u cc nm chiu su
di mt sn cng tc, ln hn 5m. Chiu cao ti thiu ct u cc c xc
nh bi ngi thi cng sao cho btng u cc thc t l tt.
- Khi o h thi cng cc v lc btng cc phi ch khng c thc
hin khi trong chiu su ca cc c dng nc ngm ang chy v n s lm st
l thnh h v hng btng. Trong trng hp ny phi bo cho t vn thit k
x l. C th x l bng cch h ng vch bng thp.
4.4. Kim tra cht lng btng cc bart:
Quy trnh m bo cht lng thi cng cc bart, cng ging nh cc
khoan nhi, thc hin theo TCXD 206 : 1988 - Cc khoan nhi - yu cu v cht

28

lng thi cng. Khi btng ninh kt xong ( sau 28 ngy ) th kim tra cht
lng bng phng php khng ph hu.
C nhiu phng php kim tra cht lng btng cc. Phng php
ph bin nht v m bo tin cy hn c - phng php siu m truyn qua.
Nh phng php siu m truyn qua, ngi ta pht hin c cc khuyt
tt ca btng trong thn cc mt cch tng i chnh xc.
4.4.1. Nguyn l cu to thit b kim tra siu m truyn qua
Thit b kim tra cht lng btng cc nhi, cc bart, tng trong t,
v.v theo phng php siu m truyn qua c s cu to nh sau:
- Mt u o pht sng dao ng n hi ( xung siu m ) c tn s truyn
sng t 20 n 100kHz;
- Mt u o thu sng: u pht v u thu c iu khin ln xung
ng thi nh h thng cp ti in v nm trong hai ng ng y nc sch.
- Mt thit b iu khin cc dy cp c ni vi cc u o cho php t
ng o chiu su h u o;
- Mt b thit b in t ghi nhn v iu chnh tn hiu thu c;
- Mt h thng hin th tn hiu;
- Mt h thng ghi nhn v bin i tn hiu thnh nhng i lng vt l
o c;
- C cu nh tm cho hai u o trong ng o.
4.4.2. Phng php kim tra
Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
- Pht xung siu m t mt u o t trong ng o ng y nc sch
v truyn qua btng cc
- Thu sng siu m mt u o th 2 t trong ng o khc cng cha
y nc sch, cng mc vi u pht
- o thi gian truyn sng gia hai u o trn sut chiu di ca ng t
sn, t u cc n chn cc

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- Ghi s bin thin ca tn hiu thu c

- Nh sng siu m truyn qua m thit b c th ghi li ngay tnh hnh
truyn sng qua be tng ca cc v cc khuyt tt ca b tng cc
5. TNG TRONG T
Thi cng tng trong t thc cht l thi cng tng barrette, nhng panel
( mt on tng khong 2.4 mt ) c ni lin nhau qua cc giong chng
thm to thnh mt bc tng trong t bng b tng ct thp
V c bn thi cng tng trong t cng ging nh thi cng cc barrette.
Trnh t thi cng tng trong t bng phng php b tng ti ch c
thc hin nh sau:
5.2. o h cho panen (barrette) u tin
Bc 1: Dng gu o thch hp o mt phn h n chiu su thit k.
Ch o n u, phi cung cp kp thi dung dch bentonite n , cho y
h o, g cho thnh h o khi b st l
Bc 2: o phn h bn cnh, cch phn h u tin mt gii t. Lm
nh vy khi cung cp dung dch bentonite vo h s khng lm l thnh h
c
o nt phn t cn li ( o trong dung dch bentonite ) hon thnh
mt h cho panel u tin theo thit k.
5.2. H lng ct thp, t giong chng thm v b tng cho panel
barret u tin
Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Bc 4 : H lng ct thp vo h o sn, trong dung dch bentonite . Sau
t giong chng thm CWS vo v tr
Bc 5 : b tng theo phng php va dng, thu hi dung dch
bentonite v trm x l
Bc 6 : Hon thnh b tng cho ton b panel th nht
5.3. o h cho panel barret tip theo v tho ton b g lp giong chng
thm

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Cc bc thc hin nh sau:

Bc 7 : o mt phn h su n ct thit k y Panel ( o trong dung
dch bentonite ). Ch o cch panel u tin mt di t
Bc 8 : o tip n st Panel s 1
Bc 9 : G b g lp giong chng thm bng gu o khi cnh ca panel
s 1, nhng giong chng thm CWS vn nm ti ch tip gip gia 2 panel
5.4. H lng ct thp,t giong chng thm v b tng cho panel barret
th hai
Bc 10 : H lng ct thp xung h o cha y dung dch bentonite . Sau
t b g lp vi giong chng thm CWS vo v tr
Bc 11: b tng theo phng php va dng nh panel s 1
Bc 12 : Tip tc o h cho panel th 3 pha bn kia ca panel s 1.
Thc hin vic h lng ct thp, t b g lp cng giong chng thm v b
tng cho panel th 3 ging nh thc hin cho cc panel trc
Tip tc tin hnh theo qui trnh thi cng nh vy hon thnh ton b bc
tng trong t theo thit k
Kim tra cht lng b tng dng phng php siu m ging nh kim tra
cc barrette.
Ngoi ra cn kim tra cht lng chng thm nc qua tng. Thng gp
l hin tng thm chung quanh khu vc tm giong. Cha bng phng php
bm va epoxy c p lc epoxy lp y nhng ch thm.

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