Giao An Hoa 12 Co Ban

THPT Nng Cng
L Thanh Quyt
GV:
N TP U NM.
Tit 1:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: n tp, cng c, h thng ho cc chng v ho hc hu c (i cng v
ho hc hu c, hirocacbon, dn xut halogen ancol phenol , anehit xeton axit
cacboxylic).
2. K nng:
- Rn luyn k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht.
Ngc li, da vo tnh cht ca cht d on cng thc ca cht.
- K nng gii bi tp xc nh CTPT ca hp cht.
3. Thi : Thng qua vic rn luyn t duy bin chng trong vic xt mi quan h gia cu
to v tnh cht ca cht, lm cho HS hng th hc tp v yu thch mn Ho hc hn.
II. TRNG TM:
- n tp, cng c, h thng ho cc chng v ho hc hu c
III. CHUN B:
- Yu cu HS lp bng tng kt kin thc ca tng chng theo s hng dn ca GV trc
khi hc tit n tp u nm.
- GV lp bng kin thc vo giy kh ln hoc bng ph.
IV. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
1. n nh lp: kim din.
2. Kim tra bi c: thong qua phn n tp.
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG GHI BNG

I. I CNG HO HU C:
Hot ng 1:
- ng ng: Nhng hp cht hu c c thnh
- GV yu cu HS cho bit cc loi hp cht
phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm
hu c c hc.
CH2 nhng c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau l
- GV: Yu cu HS nu khi nim ng ng, nhng cht ng ng, chng hp thnh dy
ng phn
ng ng.
- ng phn: Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau
c cng CTPT gi l cc cht ng phn.
Cng
ANKAN
ANKEN
CnH2n+2 (n 1)
CnH2n (n 2)
II. HIROCACBON:
ANKIN
ANKAIEN
CnH2n-2 (n 2)
1
CnH2n-2 (n 3)
ANKYLBEZE
N
CnH2n-6 (n 6)
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
thc
chung
c
im
cu to
- Ch c lin
kt n chc,
mch h
- C ng
phn mch
cacbon
Tnh
- Phn ng th
cht ho halogen.
hc
- Phn ng
tch hiro.
- Khng lm
mt mu dung
dch KMnO4
Cng thc
chung
Tnh cht ho
hc
iu ch
- C 1 lin kt
i, mch h
- C f mch
cacbon, f v
tr lin kt i
v ng phn
hnh hc
- C 1 lin kt
ba, mch h
- C 2 lin kt
i, mch h
- C vng
benzen
- C ng
phn mch
- C ng phn
cacbon v
v tr tng i
ng phn v
ca nhnh
tr lin kt ba.
ankyl
- Phn ng
- Phn ng
- Phn ng
- Phn ng th
cng.
cng.
cng.
(halogen,
- Phn ng
- Phn ng th - Phn ng
nitro).
trng hp.
H cacbon
trng hp.
- Phn ng
u mch c
- Tc dng vi cng.
- Tc dng vi lin kt ba.
cht oxi ho.
cht oxi ho.
- Tc dng vi
cht oxi ho.
III. DN XUT HALOGENANCOL -PHENOL
DN XUT
HALOGEN
CxHyX
- Phn ng th X bng
nhm OH.
- Phn ng tch
hirohalogenua.
- Th H ca hirocacbon
bng X.
- Cng HX hoc X2 vo
anken, ankin.
ANCOL NO, N CHC,

MCH H
PHENOL
CnH2n+1OH (n 1)
C6H5OH
- Phn ng vi kim loi

kim.
- Phn ng th nhm
OH
- Phn ng tch nc.
- Phn ng oxi ho
khng hon ton.
- Phn ng chy.
T dn xut halogen
hoc anken.
- Phn ng vi kim loi

kim.
- Phn ng vi dung
dch kim.
- Phn ng th nguyn t
H ca vng benzen.
T benzen hay cumen.
IV. ANEHITXETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC
ANEHIT NO, N
XETON NO, N
2
AXIT
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
CTCT
GV:
CHC, MCH H
CHC, MCH H
CnH2n+1CHO (n 0)
CnH2n+1 C CmH2m+1
O
(n 1, m 1)
- Tnh oxi ho
- Tnh oxi ho
- Tnh kh
Tnh cht ho hc
iu ch
- Oxi ho ancol bc I
- Oxi ho ancol bc II
- Oxi ho etilen iu
ch anehit axetic
CACBOXYLIC NO,
N CHC,
MCH H
CnH2n+1COOH (n
0)
- C tnh cht chung
ca axit (tc dng vi
baz, oxit baz, kim
loi hot ng)
- Tc dng vi ancol
- Oxi ho anehit
- Oxi ho ct mch
cacbon.
- Sn xut CH3COOH
+ Ln men gim.
+ T CH3OH.
4. CNG C:
1. Thc nghim cho bit phenol lm mt mu dung dch nc brom cn toluen th khng. T
kt qu thc nghim trn rt ra kt lun g ?
2. C th dng Na phn bit cc ancol: CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH c khng ? Nu
c, hy trnh by cch lm.
VI. DN D: Xem li phn ng gia axit cacboxylic v ancol.
VII. Rt kinh nghim:
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
CHNG 1:
Tit 2:
GV:
ESTE - LIPIT
este
Bi 1 :
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Hc sinh nm c:
- Th no l hp cht este, CTCT, danh php ca este.
- Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca este v cc tnh cht ca gc H-C.
- Phng php iu ch v ng dng
- Nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn.
2. K nng:
- Vit ng phn este. Vit cc phn ng th hin tnh cht ho hc ca este.
- Vn dng kin thc v lin kt hiro gii thch nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v
c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn.
3. Thi : Kch thch HS hng th hc tp v yu thch mn Ho hc hn.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca este v cc tnh cht ca gc H-C.
III. CHUN B: Dng c, ho cht: Mt vi mu du n, m ng vt, m hnh trnh chiu
m phng phn ng este ha.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: khng
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
I KHI NIM, DANH PHP
1. Cu to phn t:
Hot ng 1
H2SO4
c,to
- GV yu cu HS vit phng trnh phn
C2H5OH + CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
ng este ho ca axit axetic vi ancol etylic
etyl axetat
- GV cho HS bit cc sn phm to thnh
Tng qut:
sau 2 phn ng trn thuc loi hp cht
H2SO4 a
c, t0
RCOOH + R'OH
RCOOR' +H2O
este ? Vy este l g ?
Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit
Hoc:
- GV yu cu HS so snh CTCT ca 2 cht cacboxylic bng nhm OR th c este.
* CTCT ca este n chc: Este to bi axit v
sau y, t rt ra nhn xt v cu to
ru u n chc, mch h c CTCT:
phn t ca este.
CH3 C OH
O
axit axetic
CH3 C O CH2 CH3

O
etyl axetat
- GV: Hng dn HS
+ Vit CTCT tng qut ca este to bi axit
v u n chc.
- HS nghin cu SGK bit cch phn loi
este, vn dng phn bit mt vi este no,
n chc n gin.
- GV gii thiu cch gi tn este, gi 1 este
minh ho, sau ly tip th d v yu
cu HS gi tn.
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK bit mt vi tnh
cht vt l ca este.
- GV ?: V sao este li c nhit si thp
hn hn vi cc axit ng phn hoc cc
ancol c cng khi lng mol phn t hoc
c cng s nguyn t cacbon ?
- GV dn dt HS tr li da vo kin thc
v lin kt hiro.
R-C-O-R/ (R,R/ l gc hydrocacbon, R c th l H)

O
CTPT: CnH2n-2kO2 hoc CxHyO2 (y 2x)

* CTCT chung ca este no n chc:
- CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 (n 0, m 1)
- CxH2xO2 (x 2)
2. Tn gi: Tn gc hirocacbon ca ancol + tn

gc axit.
- Tn gc axit: Xut pht t tn ca axit tng ng,
thay ui icat.
Th d:
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 propyl axetat
HCOOCH3
metyl fomat
CH3-COO-C2H5
etylaxetat
H-COO-CH3
metylfomat
CH2=C(CH3)-COO-CH3 metylmetacrylat
CH3-COO-CH=CH2
vinylaxetat
C6H5COO-CH3
metylbenzoat
II TNH CHT VT L
- Cc este l cht lng hoc cht rn trong iu kin
thng, hu nh khng tan trong nc.
- C nhit si thp hn hn so vi cc axit ng
phn hoc cc ancol c cng khi lng mol phn
t hoc c cng s nguyn t cacbon.
Th d:
CH3CH2CH2
5
CH3[CH2]3C
CH3COOC2H
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
- GV cho HS ngi mi ca mt s este (etyl
axetat, isoamyl axeta), yu cu HS nhn xt
v mi ca este.
- GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht vt l
khc ca este ?
Hot ng 3
- GV yu cu HS nhn xt v phn ng este
ho th d u tin ? Phn ng este ho
c c im g ?
- GV t vn : Trong iu kin ca phn
ng este ho th mt phn este to thnh s
b thu phn.
- GV yu cu HS vit phng trnh ho hc
ca phn ng thu phn este trong mi
trng axit.
- GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh phn
ng thu phn este trong mi trng kim.
- HS: Lu s thu phn c bit ca 1 s
este khc.
HS: Vit cc phn ng thu phn theo yu
cu ca GV:
Thu phn este trong dung dch axit to
thnh sn phm g? V sao phn ng ny
thun nghch?
Thu phn este trong dung dch baz
to thnh sn phm g? V sao phn ng
ny khng thun nghch?
Vit phn ng x phng ho ca 1 s
este nu ra.
- GV: HD hc sinh pht hin tnh cht ca
gc H-C ca este khng no.
HS: Vit p i vi este c gc axit hoc
gc ru khng no.
Vit phn ng cng dung dch Br2, phn
ng trng hp ca metylmetacrylat.
Vit phn ng trng gng, phn ng
GV:
COOH
H2OH
5
0
0
t
(M = 88) s
(M = 88), ts = (M = 88), ts0
=163,50C
= 770C
1320C
Tan nhiu
Tan t trong Khng tan
trong nc
trong nc
nc
Nguyn nhn: Do gia cc phn t este khng to
c lin kt hiro vi nhau v lin kt hiro gia
cc phn t este vi nc rt km.
- Cc este thng c mi c trng: isoamyl axetat
c mi chui chn, etyl butirat v etyl propionat c
mi da; geranyl axetat c mi hoa hng
III. TNH CHT HO HC

1. 1.Phn ng nhm chc
a. Thu phn trong mi trng axit
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
H+
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
to
* c im ca phn ng: Thun nghch v xy ra

chm, v axit v ru c th phn ng to li este.
b. Thu phn trong mi trng baz (Phn ng
x phng ho)
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH
to
CH3COONa + C2H5OH
* c im ca phn ng: Phn ng ch xy ra 1

chiu, v khng cn axit phn ng to li este.
* Lu : Mt s este c phn ng thu phn c
bit hn:
T este cha gc ru khng no to ra andehit,
xeton. Vd:
to
CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH
CH3CHO
CH3COONa+
T este cha gc phenol to ra 2 mui. Vd:

o
CH3COOC6H5 + 2NaOH t CH3COONa + C6H5ONa +
H2O
- Este khng no c phn ng cng (vi H2, X2,

HX), trng hp:
CH3[CH2]7 CH=CH[CH2]7 COOCH3 + H2 Ni / t
CH3[CH2]16 COOCH3
o
COOCH3
to ,P,XT
nCH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3
6
( -CH2-C - ) n
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
kh Cu(OH)2 ca metylfomiat.
GV:
CH 3
- Este ca axit fomic c phn ng trng gng,

phn ng kh Cu(OH)2 to kt ta gch.
/ to
Vd: H-COO-R + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 + H2O NH
3
HO-COO-R +2Ag + 2NH4NO3
Hot ng 4
- GV ?: Em hy cho bit phng php
chung iu ch este ?
- GV gii thiu phng php ring iu
ch este ca cc ancol khng bn.
- Gv trnh chiu cho hc sinh quan st c
ch ca phn ng este ha gia axit axetic
v ancol etylic
IV. IU CH
1. Phng php chung: Bng phn ng este ho
gia axit cacboxylic v ancol.
RCOOH + R'OH
RCOOR' +H2O
2. Phng php ring: iu ch este ca anol

khng bn bng phn ng gia axit cacboxylic v
ancol tng ng.
CH3COOH +CH CH
Hot ng 5
- HS tm hiu SGK bit mt s ng dng
ca este.
- GV ?: Nhng ng dng ca este c da
trn nhng tnh cht no ca este ?
H2SO4 a
c, t0
t0, xt
CH3COOCH=CH2
V. NG DNG
- Dng lm dung mi tch, chit cht hu c
(etyl axetat), pha sn (butyl axetat),...
- Mt s polime ca este c dng sn xut
cht do nh poli(vinyl axetat), poli (metyl
metacrylat),.. hoc dng lm keo dn.
- Mt s este c mi thm, khng c, c dng
lm cht to hng trong cng nghip thc phm
(benzyl fomat, etyl fomat,..), m phm (linalyl
axetat, geranyl axetat,),
V. CNG C: Bi tp 1 v 6 trang 7 (SGK)

VI. DN D:
- Hc sinh nhc li v cu to v tnh cht ho hc ca este
- Bi tp v nh: 1 6 trang 7 (SGK)
- Xem trc bi LIPIT
VII. Rt kinh nghim:
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 3:
GV:
LIPIT
Bi 2 :
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit: Lipit l g ? Cc loi lipit. Tnh cht ho hc ca cht bo.
- HS hiu nguyn nhn to nn cc tnh cht ca cht bo.
2. K nng:
- Phn bit lipit , cht bo, cht bo lng , cht bo rn.
- Vn dng mi quan h cu to tnh cht vit cc PTHH minh ho tnh cht este cho cht
bo.
- Gii thch c s chuyn ha cht bo trong c th.
3. Thi : Bit qu trng v s dng hp l cc ngun cht bo trong t nhin.
II. TRNG TM:
Lipit l g ? Cc loi lipit. Tnh cht ho hc ca cht bo. ng dng.
III. CHUN B:
- GV: M du n hoc m ln, cc, nc, etanol,.. lm th nghim x phng ho cht bo.
- HS: Chun b t liu v ng dng ca cht bo.
IV. PHNG PHP: trc quan , nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: ng vi CTPT C4H8O2 c bao nhiu ng phn l este ? Chn mt
CTCT ca este v trnh by tnh cht ho hc ca chng. Minh ho bng phng trnh phn
ng.
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG GHI BNG

8
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 1
- GV a ra 3 mu vt: du n, m heo,
sp ong v cho Hs bit c 3 u gl
lipit. Lipit bao gm cht bo, sp,
steroit, photpholipit...Cht bo l thnh
phn chnh ca du, m ng thc vt.
- HS qs v nghin cu SGK nm khi
nim ca lipit.
I KHI NIM
Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng,
khng ho tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong cc
dung mi hu c khng cc.
- Cu to: Phn ln lipit l cc este phc tp, bao gm
cht bo (triglixerit), sp, steroit v photpholipit,
- GV t vn : Lipit l cc este phc

tp. Sau y chng ta ch xt v cht
bo.
II CHT BO
1. Khi nim
Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo, gi chung l
triglixerit hay l triaxylglixerol.
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK nm khi nim * Cc axit bo hay gp:
ca cht bo.
C17H35COOH hay CH3[CH2]16COOH: axit stearic
C17H33COOH hay cis-CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COOH:
- GV gii thiu c im cu to ca cc axit oleic
axit bo hay gp, nhn xt nhng im C15H31COOH hay CH3[CH2]14COOH: axit panmitic
ging nhau v mt cu to ca cc axit
Axit bo l nhng axit n chc c mch cacbon di,
bo.
khng phn nhnh, c th no hoc khng no.
- GV gii thiu CTCT chung ca axit
* CTCT chung ca cht bo:
bo, gii thch cc k hiu trong cng
R1COO CH2
thc.
R2COO CH
R3COO CH2
- HS ly mt s th d v CTCT ca cc R1, R2, R3 l gc hirocacbon ca axit bo, c th ging

trieste ca glixerol v mt s axit bo
hoc khc nhau.
m GV gi thiu.
Th d:
(C17H35COO)3C3H5: tristearoylglixerol (tristearin)
(C17H33COO)3C3H5: trioleoylglixerol (triolein)
(C15H31COO)3C3H5: tripanmitoylglixerol (tripanmitin)
Hot ng 3
- GV ?: Lin h thc t, em hy cho bit
trong iu kin thng du, m ng
thc vt c th tn ti trng thi no ?
- GV vit CT 2 cht bo:
CH2 - O - CO - C17H33
CH - O - CO - C17H33
CH2 - O - CO - C17H33
tnc = - 5,50C
V:
2. Tnh cht vt l
- iu kin thng: L cht lng hoc cht rn.
- R1, R2, R3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon no th cht bo
l cht rn.
- R1, R2, R3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon khng no th cht
bo l cht lng.
- Khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung
mi hu c khng cc: benzen, clorofom,
- Nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc.
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
CH2 - O - CO - C17H35
CH - O - CO - C17H35
CH2 - O - CO - C17H35
tnc = 71,50C
- Da vo tnc hy cho bit trng thi ca
mi cht bo trn?
- GV l gii cho HS bit khi no th cht
bo tn ti trng thi lng, khi no th
cht bo tn ti trng thi rn.
- GV ? Em hy cho bit du m ng
thc vt c tan trong nc hay khng ?
Nng hay nh hn nc ? ty vt du
m ng thc vt bm ln o qun,
ngoi x phng th ta c th s dng cht
no git ra ?
Hot ng 4
- GV ?: Trn s s c im cu to ca
este, em hy cho bit este c th tham
gia c nhng phn ng ho hc no ?
- HS vit PTHH thu phn este trong
mi trng axit v phn ng x phng
ho.
- GV biu din th nghim v phn ng
thu phn v phn ng x phng ho.
HS quan st hin tng.
3. Tnh cht ho hc
a) Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit
un nng vi nc c xc tc axit, cht bo b thy phn
to ra glixerol v cc axit bo :
Khi un nng vi nc c xc tc axit, cht bo b thy
phn to ra glixerol v cc axit bo :
1
CH2 - OH
1
R - COOH
CH - OH +
R - COOH
CH2 - OH
R - COOH
CH2 - O - CO - R
H+ , t0
CH - O - CO - R + 3H2O
CH2 - O - CO - R
triglixerit
glixerol
cc axit bo
b) Phn ng x phng ha
Khi un nng vi dung dch kim (NaOH
hoc KOH) th to ra glixerol v hn hp mui ca cc
axit bo. Mui natri hoc kali ca cc axit bo chnh l x
phng
1
CH2 - O - CO - R
CH - O - CO - R
+ 3NaOH
3
CH2 - O - CO - R
t0
CH2 - OH
1
R - COONa
CH - OH +
R - COONa
CH2 - OH
R - COONa
triglixerit
glixerol
x phng
Phn ng ca cht bo vi dung dch kim c gi l
phn ng x phng ha. Phn ng x phng ha xy ra
nhanh hn phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit v
khng thun nghch.
10
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
c) Phn ng hiro ha
- GV ?: i vi cht bo lng cn tham
Cht bo c cha cc gc axit bo khng no
gia c phn ng cng H2, v sao ?
tc dng vi hiro nhit v p sut cao c Ni xc
- HS: tr li Nhng cht bo cha no tc. Khi hiro cng vo ni i C = C :
nh du cn th hin thm tnh cht
cng
CH2 - O - CO - C17H33
CH2 - O - CO - C17H35
CH - O - CO - C17H33+ 3H2
CH2 - O - CO - C17H33
V sao cht bo lng lu ngy b i,

c mi kh chu ?
Vai tr ca phn ng hidro l g ?
Hot ng 5
- GV lin h n vic s dng cht bo
trong nu n, s dng nu x phng.
T HS rt ra nhng ng dng ca
cht bo.
Ni ,t , p
CH - O - CO - C17H35
CH2 - O - CO - C17H35
triolein ( lng )
tristearin (rn)
d) Phn ng oxi ha
Ni i C = C gc axi khng no ca cht
bo b oxi ha chm bi oxi khng kh to thnh peoxit,
cht ny b phn hy thnh cc sn phm c mi kh
chu. l nguyn nhn ca hin tng du m lu b
i.
4. ng dng
- Thc n cho ngi, l ngun dinh dng quan trng v
cung cp phn ln nng lng cho c th hot ng.
- L nguyn liu tng hp mt s cht khc cn thit
cho c th. Bo m s vn chuyn v hp th c cc
cht ho tan c trong cht bo.
- Trong cng nghip, mt lng ln cht bo dng sn
xut x phng v glixerol. Sn xut mt s thc phm
khc nh m si, hp,
4. CNG C
1. Cht bo l g ? Du n v m ng vt c im g khc nhau v cu to v tnh cht vt
l ? Cho th d minh ho.
2. Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Cht bo khng tan trong nc.
B. Cht bo khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu
c.
C. Du n v m bi trn c cng thnh phn nguyn t.
D. Cht bo l este ca glixerol v cc axit cacboxylic mch di, khng phn nhnh.
3. Trong thnh phn ca mt loi sn c trieste ca glixerol vi axit linoleic C17H31COOH v
axit linolenic C17H29COOH. Vit CTCT thu gn ca cc trieste c th ca hai axit trn vi
glixerol.
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 11-12 (SGK).
2. Xem trc bi KHI NIM V X PHNG V CHT GIT RA TNG HP
VII. Rt kinh nghim:
11
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 3:
GV:
Luyn tp este
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit :
- Cc phng php chuyn ha gia hidrocacbon, dn xut halogen v cc dn xut cha oxi
- Cng c kin thc v este
2. K nng:
- Nh kin thc c chn lc, c h thng.
- Gii cc bi tp v este,
3. Thi : Pht huy kh nng t duy ca hc sinh, tinh thn hc tp tch cc
II. TRNG TM:
- Gii cc bi tp v este,
III. CHUN B:
* GV: Cc bi tp. My chiu
* HS:
- Chun b trc ni dung SGK
- Cu to , tnh cht ca este.
- Ch cc este dng R-COOCH=CH 2, R-COOC6H5 khng iu ch trc tip t axit v ru ;
phn ng thy phn khng sinh ra ancol.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp vi ni dung tit luyn tp
3. Ni dung:
12
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
I. Kin thc cn nh:
- GV: pht vn HS v: Thnh phn nguyn t,
c im cu to phn t v tnh cht ho hc.
Este
Thnh phn nguyn t
Cha C, H, O
c im cu to
L este ca ancol v axit
phn t
Tnh cht ho hc
- Phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit
- Phn ng x phng ho
Hot ng 2
- GV: Hng dn HS lm cc bt trang 18 sgk
- HS hot ng nhm gii bi tp
- GV ?: Trong s cc CTCT ca este no, n
chc, mch h, theo em nn chn cng thc no
gii quyt bi ton ngn gn ?
- HS xc nh Meste, sau da vo CTCT chung
ca este gii quyt bi ton.
- GV hng dn HS xc nh CTCT ca este. HS
t gi tn este sau khi c CTCT.
II. Bi tp:
Bi 4: Lm bay hi 7,4g mt este A no, n
chc, mch h thu c th tch hi ng
bng th tch ca 3,2g O2 (o cng iu kin
t0, p).
a) Xc nh CTPT ca A.
b) Thc hin phn ng x phng ho 7,4g A
vi dung dch NaOH n khi phn ng hon
ton thu c 6,8g mui. Xc nh CTCT v
tn gi ca A.
Gii
a) CTPT ca A
nA = nO2 =
3,2
32
= 0,1 (mol) MA =
74
= 74
0,1
t cng thc ca A: CnH2nO2 14n + 32 =

74 n = 3.
CTPT ca A: C3H6O2.
b) CTCT v tn ca A
t cng thc ca A: RCOOR (R: gc
hirocacbon no hoc H; R: gc hirocacbon
no).
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
0,1
0,1
mRCOONa = (R + 67).0,1 = 6,8 R = 1
R l H
CTCT ca A: HCOOC2H5: etyl fomat
Bi 6: Thu phn hon ton 8,8g este n,
- HS xc nh CTCT ca este da vo 2 d kin: mch h X vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M
khi lng ca este v khi lng ca ancol thu (va ) thu c 4,6g mt ancol Y. Tn ca
c.
X l
- HS khc xc nh tn gi ca este.
13
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
A. etyl fomat
C. etyl axetat
- HS xc nh nCO2 v nH2O.
- Nhn xt v s mol CO2 v H2O thu c
este no n chc.
- GV ?: Vi NaOH th c bao nhiu phn ng

xy ra ?
- HS xc nh s mol ca etyl axetat, t suy ra
% khi lng.
B. etyl propionat
D. propyl axetat
Bi 7: t chy hon ton 3,7g mt este n

chc X thu c 3,36 lt CO2 (kc) v 2,7g
H2O. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H4O2
B. C3H6O2
C. C4H8O2
D. C5H8O2
Bi 8: 10,4g hn hp X gm axit axetic v

etyl axetat tc dng va vi 150 g dung
dch NaOH 4%. % khi lng ca etyl axetat
trong hn hp l
A. 22%
B. 42,3% C. 57,7%
D. 88%
V. CNG C: Trong tng bi tp

VI. DN D: Xem li kin thc hc.
VII. Rt kinh nghim :
Tit 5:
Luyn tp LIPIT
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit :
- Cc phng php chuyn ha gia hidrocacbon, dn xut halogen v cc dn xut cha oxi
- Cng c kin thc v lipit.
2. K nng:
- Nh kin thc c chn lc, c h thng.
- Gii cc bi tp v lipit
II. TRNG TM:
- Gii cc bi tp v lipit
14
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
III. CHUN B:
* GV: Cc bi tp. My chiu.
* HS:
- Chun b trc ni dung SGK
- Cu to , tnh cht ca cht bo.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp vi ni dung tit luyn tp
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
I. Kin thc cn nh:
- GV: pht vn HS v: Thnh phn nguyn t,
c im cu to phn t v tnh cht ho hc.
Cht bo
Thnh phn nguyn t
Cha C, H, O
c im cu to
Trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo.
phn t
Tnh cht ho hc
- Phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit
- Phn ng x phng ho
II. Bi tp:
Hot ng 2
Bi 2: Khi un hn hp 2 axit cacboxylic n
- GV: Hng dn HS lm cc bt trang 18 sgk
chc vi glixerol (xt H2SO4 c) c th thu
- HS hot ng nhm gii bi tp
c my trieste ? Vit CTCT ca cc cht
ny.
- GV hng dn HS vit tt c cc CTCT ca
Gii
este.
C th thu c 6 trieste.
RCOO CH2
R'COO CH2
RCOO CH2
- HS vit di s hng dn ca GV.
- GV ?:
- Em hy cho bit CTCT ca cc este 4 p n
15
RCOO CH
R'COO CH2
R'COO CH
RCOO CH2
R'COO CH
RCOO CH2
R'COO CH2
RCOO CH
R'COO CH2
RCOO CH2
RCOO CH
RCOO CH2
R'COO CH2
R'COO CH
R'COO CH2
Bi 3: Khi thu phn (xt axit) mt este thu

c hn hp axit stearic (C17H35COOH) v
axit panmitic (C15H31COOH) theo t l mol
2:1.
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
c im g ging nhau ?
- T t l s mol nC17H35COOH : nC15H31COOH
= 2:1, em hy cho bit s lng cc gc stearat v
panmitat c trong este ?
- HS chn p n, mt HS khc nhn xt v kt
qu bi lm.
- GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi ton.

- HS gii quyt bi ton trn c s hng dn ca
GV.
Este c th c CTCT no sau y ?

A. C17H35COO CH2
C17H35COO CH
C17H35COO CH2
B. C17H35COO CH2
C15H31COO CH
C17H35COO CH2
C17H35COO CH2
C17H33COO CH
C. C15H31COO CH2
C17H35COO CH2
C15H31COO CH
D. C15H31COO CH2
Bi 5: Khi thu phn a gam este X thu c

0,92g
glixerol,
3,02g
natri
linoleat
C17H31COONa v m gam natri oleat
C17H33COONa. Tnh gi tr a, m. Vit CTCT
c th ca X.
Gii
nC3H5(OH)3 = 0,01 (mol); nC17H31COONa =
0,01 (mol)
nC17H33COONa = 0,02 (mol) m =
0,02.304 = 6,08g
X l C17H31COOC3H5(C17H33COO)2
nX = nC3H5(OH)3 = 0,01 (mol) a = 0,01.882
= 8,82g
4. CNG C: Trong tit luyn tp

VI. DN D: Xem li kin thc hc v bi glucoz.
16
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
CACBOHIRAT
CHNG 2:
M U
I KHI NIM: Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp cha v thng c cng thc
chung l Cn(H2O)m.
Th d:
Tinh bt: (C6H10O5)n hay [C6(H2O)5]n hay C6n(H2O)5n
Glucoz: C6H12O6 hay C6(H2O)6
II PHN LOI
- Monosaccarit: L nhm cacbohirat n chc gin nht, khng th thu phn c.
Th d: Glucoz, fructoz.
- isaccarit: L nhm cacbohirat m khi thu phn mi phn t sinh ra hai phn t
monosaccarit
Th d: Saccaroz, mantoz.
- Polisaccarit: L nhm cacbohirat phc tp, khi thu phn n cng mi phn t u sinh ra
nhiu phn t monosaccarit.
Th d: Tinh bt, xenlulz
Tit 6:
Bi 5 :
glucoz
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
* HS bit:
- Cu trc dng mch h, mch vng ca glucoz, fructoz.
- Bit s chuyn ho gia 2 ng phn: glucoz, fructoz.
* HS hiu :
- Cc nhm chc c trong phn t glucoz, fructoz, vn dng tnh cht ca cc nhm chc
gii thch cc tnh cht ho hc ca glucoz, fructoz
- Phng php iu ch, ng dng ca glucoz v fructoz.
2. K nng:
17
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Khai thc mi quan h gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc.

- Rn luyn k nng quan st, phn tch cc kt qu th nghim.
- Gii cc b tp c lin quan n hp cht glucoz v fructoz.
- Rn luyn phng php t duy tru tng khi nghin cu cu trc phn t phc tp (cu
to vng ca glucoz, fructoz).
3. Thi : Vai tr quan trng ca glucoz v fructoz trong i sng v sn xut, t to
hng th cho HS mun nghin cu, tm ti v hp cht glucoz, fructoz.
II. TRNG TM:
- Cu trc dng mch h, mch vng ca glucoz
- Khai thc mi quan h gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc ca glucoz
III. CHUN B:
1. Dng c: ng nghim, kp g, ng ht nh git, n cn.
2. Ho cht: Glucoz, cc dung dch AgNO3, NH3, CuSO4, NaOH.
3. Cc m hnh phn t glucoz, fructoz, hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n bi hc.
IV. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + trc quan + hot ng nhm.
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
1. n nh lp: Kim din.
2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra.
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV cho HS quan st mu glucoz. Nhn xt
v trng thi mu sc ?
- HS tham kho thm SGK bit c mt s
tnh cht vt l khc ca glucoz cng nh
trng thi thin nhin ca glucoz.
NI DUNG
I TNH CHT VT L TRNG THI
T NHIN
- Cht rn, tinh th khng mu, d tan trong
nc, c v ngt nhng khng ngt bng ng
ma.
- C trong hu ht cc b phn ca c th thc
vt nh hoa, l, r, v nht l trong qu chn
(qu nho), trong mu ngi (0,1%).
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit: xc nh
CTCT ca glucoz, ngi ta cn c vo kt qu
thc nghim no ?
- T cc kt qu th nghim trn, HS rt ra
nhng c im cu to ca glucoz.
- HS nn CTCT ca glucoz: cch nh s
mch cacbon.
II CU TO PHN T
* CTPT: C6H12O6
- Glucoz c phn ng trng bc, b oxi ho
bi nc brom to thnh axit gluconic Phn
t glucoz c nhm -CHO.
- Glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 dung dch
mu xanh lam Phn t glucoz c nhiu
nhm -OH k nhau.
- Glucoz to este cha 5 gc axit CH3COO
18
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Phn t glucoz c 5 nhm OH.
- Kh hon ton glucoz thu c hexan
Trong phn t glucoz c 6 nguyn t C v c
mch C khng phn nhnh.
Kt lun: Glucoz l hp cht tp cha,
dng mch h phn t c cu to ca anehit
n chc v ancol 5 chc.
CTCT:
6
* GV nu:
- Glucoz c hai nhit nng chy khc nhau,
nh vy c hai dng cu to khc nhau.
-OH C5 cng vo nhm C=O to ra 2 dng
vng 6 cnh v .
- Vit s chuyn ho gia dng mch h v
2 ng phn mch vnglucoz v ca
glucoz.
CH2OH CHOH CHOH CHOH CHOH CH O
Hay CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO
-OH C5 cng vo nhm C=O to ra 2 dng
vng 6 cnh v .
Trong thin nhin, Glucoz tn ti hoc dng
hoc dng . Trong dung dch, hai dng ny
chim u th hn v lun chuyn ho ln nhau
theo mt cn bng qua dng mch h.
6
H
4
HO
CH 2OH
OH
3
H
H
OH
H OH
-Glucoz
6
H
CH2O
OH
H
4
HO
OH
3
H C H
1
OH
Glucoz
H
4
HO
CHO2OH
OH
H
OH
3
H OH
-Glucoz
III TNH CHT HO HC

1. Tnh cht ca ancol a chc
Hot ng 3
- GV ?: T c im cu to ca glucoz, em a) Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 dung dch mu
hy cho bit glucoz c th tham gia c xanh lam.
nhng phn ng ho hc no ?
- GV biu din th nghim dung dch glucoz +
Cu(OH)2. Hs quan st hin tng, gii thch v
kt lun v phn ng ca glucoz vi Cu(OH)2.
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cng thc b) Phn ng to estepiriin
Este ch
a 5 go
c CH3COO
3CO)2O
este ca glucoz m phn t cho cha 5 gc Glucoz + (CH
axetat. T CTCT ny rt ra kt lun g v
glucoz ?
2. Tnh cht ca anehit n chc
a) Oxi ho glucoz bng dung dch
Hot ng 4
- GV biu din th nghim dung dch glucoz + AgNO3/NH3
t0
dd AgNO3/NH3, vi Cu(OH)2 un nng. Hs
CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + 2AgNO
3 + 3NH
3+ H
2O
quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit PTHH
CH2OH[CHOH]4COONH4 +2Ag+NH4NO3
amoni gluconat
ca phn ng.
b) Oxi ho bng Cu(OH)2
19
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
t0
CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2 + NaOH
CH2OH[CHOH]4COONa +2Cu2O(ogach) +3H2O

natri gluconat
- HS vit PTTT ca phn ng kh glucoz c) Kh glucoz bng hiro

Ni, t0
bng H2.
CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + H2
CH2OH[CHOH]4CH2OH
sobitol
4. CNG C:
a) Hy cho bit cng thc dng mch h ca glucoz v nhn xt v cc nhm chc ca n
(tn nhm chc, s lng , bc nu c). Nhng th nghim no chng minh c glucoz tn
ti dng mch vng ?
b) Hy cho bit cng thc dng mch vng ca glucoz v nhn xt v cc nhm chc ca
n (tn, s lng, bc v v tr tng i trong khng gian). Nhng th nghim no chng
minh c glucoz tn ti dng mch vng ?
c) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti nhng dng no (vit cng thc v gi tn) ?
VI. DN D
Bi tp v nh: 1 8 trang 32 - 33 (SGK).
VII. Rt kinh nghim:
20
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 7:
Bi 5 :
GV:
glucoz (Tit 2 )
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
* HS bit:
- Cu trc dng mch h, mch vng ca fructozo.
- Tnh cht cc nhm chc ca fructozo gii thch cc hin tng ho hc.
* HS hiu c phng php iu ch, ng dng ca glucoz v fructoz.
2. K nng:
- Khai thc mi quan h gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc.
- Rn luyn k nng quan st, phn tch cc kt qu th nghim.
- Gii cc b tp c lin quan n hp cht glucoz v fructoz.
3. Thi : Vai tr quan trng ca glucoz v fructoz trong i sng v sn xut, t to
hng th cho HS mun nghin cu, tm ti v hp cht glucoz, fructoz.
II. TRNG TM:
- Cu trc dng mch h, mch vng ca fructozo.
- Tnh cht cc nhm chc ca fructozo gii thch cc hin tng ho hc.
III. CHUN B:
Cc m hnh phn t glucoz, fructoz, hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n bi hc.
IV. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + trc quan + hot ng nhm.
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2. Kim tra bi c:
1. Nu cc th nghim dng xc nh cu to ca glucozo v kt lun.
2. Nu tnh cht ha hc ca glucozo v vit ptp minh ha ?
3. Ni dung:
21
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
NI DUNG GHI BNG

III TNH CHT HO HC
3. Phn ng ln men
- GV gii thiu phn ng ln men.
C6H12O6
enzim
30-350C
2C2H5OH +2CO2
IV IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit phng php - Thu phn tinh bt nh xc tc axit HCl long
hoc enzim.
iu ch glucoz trong cng nghip.
- Thu phn xenluloz (v bo, mn ca) nh
xc tc axit HCl c.
2. ng dng: Dng lm thuc tng lc, trng
- HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng ng dng gng rut phch, l sn phm trung gian sn
xut etanol t cc nguyn liu c cha tinh bt
ca glucoz.
hoc xenluloz.
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit: CTCT ca
fructoz v nhng c in cu to ca n.
V NG PHN CA GLUCOZ
FRUCTOZ
- CTCT dng mch h
6
CH2OH CHOH CHOH CHOH CO CH2OH
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nhng tnh

cht l hc, ho hc c trng ca fructoz.
Hay CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH
Cng vi dng mch h fructoz tn ti dng
mch vng 5 cnh. Dng 5 cnh c hai ng
phn v .
1
HOCH2O
5
H OH
4
CH2OH
OH 3
OH
OH 5
4
OH H
OH H
-Fructoz
- GV yu cu HS gii thch nguyn nhn

fructoz tham gia phn ng oxi ho bi dd
AgNO3/NH3, mc d khng c nhm chc
anehit.
OH
HOCH2O
CH2OH
-Fructoz
- L cht kt tinh, khng mu, d tan trong

nc, c v ngt hn ng ma, c nhiu trong
qu ngt nh da, xoi,..c bit trong mt ong
c ti 40% fructoz.
- Tnh cht ho hc:
- Tnh cht ca ancol a chc: Tng t
glucoz.
- Phn ng cng H2
CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH + H
2
Ni, t0
CH2OH[CHOH]4CH2OH
sobitol
* Trong mi trng baz fructoz b oxi ho bi

22
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
H
HO
H
H
CHO
OH
H
OH
OH
CH2OH
glucoz
GV:
dung dch AgNO3/NH3 do trong mi trng
OH-
CH OH
CH2OH baz fructoz chuyn thnh glucoz.
OHC OH
C O
Fructoz
Glucoz
OH HO
HO
H
H
H
OH
H
OH
H
OH
H
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
eniol
fructoz
4. Cng c :
1. Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Glucoz v fructoz l ng phn cu to ca nhau.
B. C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng trng bc.
C. Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti dng mch vng u tin hn dng mch h.
D. Metyl -glicozit khng th chuyn sang dng mch h.
2. Hs lm cc bi tp 5,6,7/ SGK
VI. DN D :
Tit 8:
(Tit 1)
Bi 6:
SACCAROZ,TINH BT,XENLULOZO
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS:
- Bit cu trc phn t ca saccaroz,tinh bt v xenlulozo
- Bit cc nhm chc trong phn t saccaroz, tinh bt v xenlulozo
- Bit cc phn ng ha hc c trng ca chng.
2. K nng:
- So snh nhn dng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz.
- Vit cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht trn.
- Rn luyn cho HS phng php t duy khoa hc, t cu to ca cc hp cht hu c phc
tp d on tnh cht ha hc ca chng.
- Quan st, phn tch cc kt qu th nghim.
- Thc hnh th nghim.
- Gii cc bi tp v saccaroz ,tinh bt v xenlulozo.
3. Thi : HS nhn thc c tm quan trng ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz trong
cuc sng.
II. TRNG TM:
- Bit cu trc phn t ca saccaroz,tinh bt v xenlulozo
- Bit cc nhm chc trong phn t saccaroz, tinh bt v xenlulozo
- Bit cc phn ng ha hc c trng ca chng.
III. CHUN B:
1. Dng c: ng nghim, ng nh git.
2. Ho cht: Dung dch I2, cc mu saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz.
23
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
3. Cc s , hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n ni dung bi hc.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Trnh by c im cu to dng mch h ca glucoz. Vit PTHH minh
ho cho cc c im cu to .
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG GHI BNG

I. SACCAROZ
Saccaroz l loi ng ph bin nht, c
trong nhiu loi thc vt, c nhiu nht trong
cy ma, c ci ng, hoa tht nt.
Hot ng 1
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt
l, trnh thi thin nhin ca c saccaroz.
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK vcho bit xc nh
CTCT ca saccaroz, ngi ta cn c vo nhng
kt qu th nghim no ?
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit CTCT ca

saccaroz, phn tch v rt ra c im cu to
.
1. Tnh cht vt l
- Cht rn, kt tinh, khng mu, khng mi, c
v ngt, nng chy 1850C.
- Tan tt trong nc, tan tng nhanh theo
nhit .
2. Cng thc cu to
- Saccaroz khng c phn ng trng bc,
khng lm mt mu nc Br2 phn t
saccaroz khng c nhm CHO.
- un nng dd saccaroz vi H2SO4 long thu
c dd c phn ng trng bc (dd ny c
cha glucoz v fructoz).
Kt lun: Saccaroz l mt isaccarit c
cu to t mt gc glucoz v mt gc
fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua nguyn t oxi.
6
H
4
OH
CH2OH
O
OH
H
OH
G
c -glucoz
CH2OH
2 H
3
OH
H
OH
4
CH2OH
6
G
c -fructoz
Trong phn t saccaroz khng c nhm

anehit, ch c cc nhm OH ancol.
Hot ng 3
3. Tnh cht ho hc
- HS nghin cu SGK vcho bit hin tng phn a. Phn ng vi Cu(OH)2
ng khi cho dung dch saccaroz tc dng vi
Dung dch saccaroz + Cu(OH)2 dung dch
24
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Cu(OH)2. Gii thch hin tng trn.

- HS nghin cu SGK v vit PTHH ca phn
ng thu phn dung dch saccaroz v iu kin
ca phn ng ny.
ng saccarat mu xanh lam.

b. Phn ng thu phn
C12H22O11 + H2O
H+, t0
C6H12O6 +C6H12O6
glucoz
fructoz
4. Sn xut v ng dng
a. Sn xut saccaroz
Hot ng 4
Sn xut t cy ma, c ci ng hoc hoa
- HS xem SGK v nghin cu cc cng on ca tht nt
- Quy trnh sn xut ng saccaroz t cy
qu trnh sn xut ng saccaroz.
ma
Cay ma
(1) E
p (hoa
c nga
m, chie
t)
N
c ma (12-15%
ng)
(2)
+Vo
i s
a, loc botap cha
t
Dung dch
ng cocanxi saccarat
(3)
+CO2, loc boCO2
Dung dch
ng (coma
u)
(4)
+SO2 (ta
y ma
u)
Dung dch
ng (kho
ng ma
u)
(5)
ng knh
- HS tm hiu SGK v cho bit nhng ng dng

ca saccaroz.
4. CNG C:
1. c im cu to ca saccaroz ?
2. Tnh cht ho hc ca saccaroz ?
VI. DN D:
25
Coa
c eke
t tinh, loc
N
c r
ng
b. ng dng
- L thc phm quan trng cho ngi.
- Trong cng nghip thc phm, saccaroz l
nguyn liu sn xut bnh ko, nc gi
kht, hp.
- Trong cng nghip dc phm, saccaroz l
nguyn liu dng pha thuc. Saccaroz cn
l nguyn liu thu phn thnh glucoz v
fructoz dng trong k thut trng gng, trng
rut phch.
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Cc bi tp trong SGK c lin quan n phn glucoz v fructoz.

- Xem trc phn XENLULOZ
VII. Rt kinh nghim:
Tit 9:
(Tit 2)
Bi 6:
SACCAROZ,TINH BT,XENLULOZO
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Gip HS bit cu to v tnh cht in hnh ca saccaroz, tinh bt v
xenluloz.
2. K nng:
- So snh nhn dng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz.
- Vit cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht trn.
- Gii cc bi tp v saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz.
3. Thi : HS nhn thc c tm quan trng ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz trong
cuc sng.
II. TRNG TM:
- Cu to v tnh cht in hnh ca tinh bt v xenluloz.
III. CHUN B:
1. Dng c: ng nghim, ng nh git.
2. Ho cht: Dung dch I2, cc mu saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz.
3. Cc s , hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n ni dung bi hc.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din.
2. Kim tra bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ho hc ca saccaroz. Vit cc PTHH ca phn
ng.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1
II. TINH BT
- GV cho HS quan st mu tinh bt.
1. Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, dng bt, v
- HS quan st, lin h thc t, nghin cu SGK nh hnh, mu trng, khng tan trong nc
26
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
cho bit tnh cht vt l ca tinh bt.
lanh. Trong nc nng, ht tinh bt s ngm

nc v trng phng ln to thnh dung dch
keo, gi l h tinh bt.
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cu trc
phn t ca tinh bt.
2. Cu to phn t
- Thuc loi polisaccarit, phn t gm nhiu mt
xch C6H10O5 lin kt vi nhau.
CTPT : (C6H10O5)n
- Cc mt xch lin kt vi nhau to thnh 2
dng:
- Amiloz: Gm cc gc -glucoz lin kt vi
nhau to thnh mch di, xon li c phn t
khi ln (~200.000).
- Amilopectin: Gm cc gc -glucoz lin kt
vi nhau to thnh mng khng gian phn
nhnh.
- Tinh bt c to thnh trong cy xanh nh
qu trnh quang hp.
CO2
H2O, as
die
p luc
C6H12O6
(C6H10O5)n
glucoz
tinh bo
t
3. Tnh cht ho hc
a. Phn ng thu phn
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit iu kin
xy ra phn ng thu phn tinh bt. Vit
PTHH ca phn ng.
- GV biu din th nghim h tinh bt + dung
dch I2.
- HS quan st hin tng, nhn xt.
- GV c th gii thch thm s to thnh hp
cht mu xanh.
(C6H10O5)n + nH
2O
H+, t0
nC6H12O6
b. Phn ng mu vi iot
H tinh bt + dd I2 hp cht mu xanh.
nhn bit h tinh bt
Gii thch: Do cu to dng xon, c l rng,
tinh bt hp th iot cho mu xanh lc.
4. ng dng
- L cht dinh dng c bn cho ngi v mt
s ng vt.
- Trong cng nghip, tinh bt c dng sn
xut bnh ko v h dn.
- Trong c th ngi, tinh bt b thu phn
thnh glucoz nh cc enzim trong nc bt v
rut non. Phn ln glucoz c hp th trc
tip qua thnh rut v i vo mu nui c th ;
phn cn d c chuyn v gan. gan,
glucoz c tng hp lai nh enzim thnh
glicogen d tr cho c th.
Hot ng 4
- HS nghin cu SGK bit cc ng dng
ca tinh bt cng nh s chuyn ho tinh bt
trong c th ngi.
27
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 5
- GV cho HS quan st mt mu bng nn.
- HS quan st + nghin cu SGK v cho bit
tnh cht vt l cng nh trng thi thin nhin
ca xenluloz.
III. XENLULOZ
1. Tnh cht vt l, trng thi thin nhin
- Xenluloz l cht rn dng si, mu trng,
khng mi v. Khng tan trong nc v nhiu
dung mi hu c nh etanol, ete, benzen,..
nhng tan c trong nc Svayde l dung dch
Cu(OH)2/dd NH3.
- L thnh phn chnh to nn mng t bo thc
vt, to nn b khung ca cy ci
Hot ng 6
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit c im
cu to ca phn t xenluloz ?
- GV ?: Gia tinh bt v xenluloz c im g
ging v khc nhau v mt cu to ?
2. Cu to phn t
- L mt polisaccarit, phn t gm nhiu gc
-glucoz lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch di,
c khi lng phn t rt ln (2.000.000).
Nhiu mch xenluloz ghp li vi nhau thnh
si xenluloz.
- Xenluloz ch c cu to mch khng phn
nhnh, mi gc C6H10O5 c 3 nhm OH.
C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7O2(OH)3]n
Hot ng 7
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit iu kin
ca phn ng thu phn xenluloz v vit
PTHH ca phn ng.
- GV cho HS bit cc nhm OH trong phn t
xenluloz c kh nng tham gia phn ng vi
axit HNO3 c H2SO4 c lm xc tc tng t
nh ancol a chc.
- HS tham kho SGK v vit PTHH ca phn
ng.
3. Tnh cht ho hc
a. Phn ng thu phn
(C6H10O5)n + nH
2O
H+, t0
nC6H12O6
b. Phn ng vi axit nitric

[C6H7O2(OH)3] + 3HNO
3
H2SO4 a
c
t0
[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3H2O
- GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit 4. ng dng

nhng ng dng ca xenluloz.
- Nhng nguyn liu cha xenluloz (bng,
- GV c th lin h n cc s kin lch s
ay, g,) thng c dng trc tip (ko si
nh: chin thng Bch ng,
dt vi, trong xy dng, lm g,) hoc ch
bin thnh giy.
- Xenluloz l nguyn liu sn xut t nhn
to nh t visco, t axetat, ch to thuc sng
khng khi v ch to phim nh.
28
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
4. CNG C
1. c im cu to ca tinh bt, xenlulozo ?
2. Tnh cht ho hc ca tinh bt, xenluloz ?
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: Cc cu hi v bi tp c lin quan n xenluloz trong SGK.
2. Xem trc bi ni dung ca phn KIN THC CN NH trongbi LUYN TP: CU
TO V TNH CHT CA CACBOHIRAT v ghi vo v bi tp theo bng sau:
Hp cht
Monosaccarit
cacbohirat
Glucoz
CTPT
c im cu to
Tnh cht ho hc
VII. Rt kinh nghim:
isaccarit
Fructoz
Polisaccarit
Saccaroz
Monosaccarit isaccarit
Tinhbt
Xenluloz
LUYN TP
CU TO V TNH CHT CA CACBOHIRAT
Tit 10: Bi 7:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Cu to ca cc loi cacbohirat in hnh.
- Cc tnh cht ho hc c trng ca cc loi cacbohirat v mt quan h gia cc loi hp
cht .
2. K nng:
- Rn luyn cho HS phng php t duy tru tng, t cu to phc tp ca cc loi
cacbohirat, c bit l cc nhm chc suy ra tnh cht ho hc thng qua gii cc bi tp
luyn tp.
- Gii cc bi tp ho hc v hp cht cacbohirat.
II. TRNG TM:
- Gii cc bi tp ho hc v hp cht cacbohirat.
III. CHUN B:
- HS chun b bng tng kt v cc hp cht cacbohirat theo mu cho sn.
- Mt s bi tp ho hc trong SGK.
29
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:

V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp vi ni dung luyn tp.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV ? Cc cht glucoz, saccaroz v anehit
axetic c im g ging v khc nhau v mt cu
tao ?
- HS phn bit 3 dung dch trn da vo cc
phn ng ho hc c trng ca mi cht.
NI DUNG
Bi 1: phn bit cc dung dch glucoz,
saccaroz v anehit axetic c th dng dy
cht no sau y lm thuc th ?
A. Cu(OH)2 & AgNO3/NH3
B. Nc Br2 & NaOH
C. HNO3 & AgNO3/NH3
D. AgNO3/NH3 & NaOH
Bi 2: Khi t chy mt hp cht hu c thu

Hot ng 2
c hn hp kh CO2 v hi nc c t l mol
- HS da vo t l mol CO2 v H2O cng nh bit 1:1. Cht ny c th ln men ru. Cht l
cht X c th ln men ru p n B
cht no trong s cc cht sau y ?
A. Axit axetic
B. Glucoz
C. Saccaroz
D. Fructoz
Hot ng 3
Bi 3: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn
- HS da vo tnh cht ring c trng ca mi
bit cc dung dch ring bit trong mi nhm
ch phn bit cc dung dch ring bit.
cht sau y:
- GV hng dn HS gii quyt nu HS khng t a) Glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic
gii quyt c.
b) Glucoz, saccaroz, glixerol
c) Saccaroz, anehit axetic, h tinh bt
Hot ng 4
- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng thu phn tinh bt
vcn c vo hiu sut phn ng tnh khi
lng glucoz thu c.
Bi 4: T 1 tn tinh bt cha 20% tp cht tr

c th sn xut c bao nhiu kg glucoz,
nu hiu sut ca qu trnh sn xut l 75%.
p n
666,67kg
Hot ng 5
- HS tnh khi lng ca tinh bt v xenluloz.
- Vit PTHH thu phn cc hp cht, t phng
trnh phn ng tnh khi lng cc cht c lin
quan.
Bi 5: Tnh khi lng glucoz thu c khi

thu phn:
a) 1 kg bt go c cha 80% tinh bt.
b) 1 kg mn ca c cha 50% xenluloz, cn
li l tp cht tr.
c) 1 kg saccaroz.
Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
p s
30
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
a) 0,8889 kg b) 0,556 kg c) 0,5263kg
Hot ng 6
- Cu a HS t gii quyt c trn c s ca bi
ton xc nh CTPT hp cht hu c.
- Cu b HS vit PTHH ca phn ng v tnh khi
lng Ag thu c da vo phng trnh phn
ng .
Bi 6: t chy hon ton 16,2g mt

cacbohirat thu c 13,44 lt CO2 (kc) v 9g
H2O.
a) Xc nh CTGN ca X. X thuc loi
cacbohirat hc.
b) un 16,2g X trong dung dch axit thu c
dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dd
AgNO3/NH3 thu c bao nhiu gam Ag ? Gi
s hiu sut ca qu trnh l 80%.
p n
a) CTGN l C6H10O5 CTPT l (C6H10O5)n,
X l polisaccarit.
b) mAg = 17,28g
4. CNG C
1. Xenluloz khng thuc loi
A. cacbohirat
B. gluxit
C. polisaccarit
D.
isaccarit
2. Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng kh CO2
sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 75g kt ta. Gi tr m l:
A. 75
B. 65
C. 8
D. 55
3. Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch xenluloz v axit HNO3 c c xc tc l H2SO4 c,
nng. c c 29,7kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha m kg axit HNO3 (hiu
sut phn ng 90%). Gi tr m l:
A. 30
B. 21
C. 42
D. 10
4. Cho s chuyn ho sau: Tinh bt X Y Axit axetic. X, Y ln lt l:
A. glucoz, ancol etylic
B. mantoz, glucoz
C. glucoz, etyl axetat
D. ancol etylic, anehit axetic
5. Cht lng ho tan c xenluloz l
A. benzen
B. ete
C. etanol
D. nc Svayde
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: Cc cu hi v bi tp c lin quan n xenluloz trong SGK.
2. Chun b cho kim tra 45 pht
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
31
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
KIM TRA 1 TIT
I. MC TIU :
1. Kin thc : Cng c v kin thc
- Este, lipit v cht bo .
- Nhm cacbohidrat (tinh bt, saccarozo v glucozo) .
- ng dng ca cht bo v nhm cacbohidrat
2. K nng :
- Tnh theo phng trnh phn ng
-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc hu c .
-D on sn phm ca phn ng v phn bit cc hp cht da vo tnh cht ha hc.
II. PHNG PHP:
- Trc nghim : 100% - 30 cu * 0,33 = 10 im
III. CHUN B :
- kim tra .
IV. TIN HNH KIM TRA :
V. RT KINH NGHIM:
32
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 11: Bi 8:
GV:
THC HNH
IU CH, TNH CHT HO HC
CA ESTE V CABOHIRAT
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Cng c nhng kin thc quan trng ca este, gluxit nh phn ng x phng ha, phn ng
vi dung dch Cu(OH)2 ca glucoz, phn ng vi dung dch I2 ca tinh bt, khi nim v
phn ng iu ch este, x phng.
- Tin hnh mt s th nghim:
+ iu ch etyl axetat
+ Phn ng x phng ho cht
bo
+ Phn ng ca glucoz vi Cu(OH)2
+ Phn ng mu ca h tinh bt
vi dung dch iot
2. K nng:
- Rn luyn k nng thc hin cc phn ng ho hc hu c nh: va un nng hn hp lin
tc, va khuy u hn hp, lm lnh sn phm phn ng,
- Rn luyn k nng lp rp dng c th nghim, k nng thc hin v quan st cc hin tng
th nghim xy ra.
3. Thi : Cn thn trong thao tc thc hnh, nghim tc
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin: Chun b:
- Dng c: ng nghim, bt s nh, a thu tinh, ng thu tinh, nt cao su, gi th nghim,
gi ng nghim, n cn, king st.
- Ho cht: C2H5OH, CH3COOH nguyn cht; dung dch: NaOH 4%, CuSO 4 5%; glucoz
1%; NaCl bo ho; m hoc du thc vt; nc .
33
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. Hc sinh: + Chun b ni dung thc hnh

+ K bn tng trnh vo v:
STT
Tn th nghim
Cch tin hnh
Hin tng
PTP- Gii
thch
1
2
3
III. PHNG PHP: - Gv hng dn, Hs hp tc nhm nh t lm th nghim, cc hs lun
phin nhau lm th nghim.
IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
I. NI DUNG TH NGHIM V CCH
- GV nu mc tiu, yu cu, nhn mnh nhng
TIN HNH:
im cn ch trong tit thc hnh.
- GV hng dn HS lp rp thit b iu ch etyl
axetat, thao tc dng a thu tinh khuy u
trong th nghim v phn ng x phng ho.
Hot ng 2
- HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn trong
SGK.
- GV hng dn HS quan st hin tng xy ra
trong qu trnh th nghim. HS quan st mi v
tnh tan ca este iu ch c.
Th nghim 1: iu ch etyl axetat

SGK.
- GV hng dn HS quan st lp cht rn, trng
nh ni trn b mt bt s, l mui natri ca
axit bo.
- Cn lu phi dng a thu tinh khuy u
hn hp trong bt s c thm vi git nc
hn hp khng cn i.
Th nghim 2: Phn ng x phng ho.
- HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn trong Th nghim 3: Phn ng ca glucoz vi

SGK.
Cu(OH)2
- GV hng dn HS quan st thy mu ca dung
34
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
dch chuyn thnh mu xanh thm, trong sut.

Sau dng cp g cp ng nghim, un nng
nh, dung dch chuyn sang mu gch ca
Cu2O.
SGK.
Th nghim 4: Phn ng ca tinh bt vi iot
Hot ng 3
- GV nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh.
- HS thu dn dng c, ho cht, v sinh phng
th nghim, lp hc, vit bn tng trnh.
II. VIT TNG TR NH:
V. DN D: c trc ni dung bi amin

VI. RT KINH NGHIM:
CHNG 3:
Tit 13:
AMIN, AMINOAXIT V PROTEIN
Bi 9:
AMIN
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit: nh ngha, phn loi v gi tn amin
- HS hiu: Cc tnh cht in hnh ca amin.
2. K nng:
- Nhn dng cc hp cht amin.
- Vit chnh xc cc PTHH ca amin
- Quan st, phn tch cc th nghim chng minh ca amin.
3. Thi : Thy c tm quan trng ca cc hp cht amin trong i sng v sn xut,
cng vi hiu bit v cu to, tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht amin.
II. TR NG T M:
- Cc tnh cht in hnh ca amin. Vit cc PTHH ca amin
III. CHUN B:
- Dng c: ng nghim, a thu tinh, ng nh git, kp th nghim.
- Ho cht : metylamin, qu tm, anilin, nc brom.
- Hnh v tranh nh lin quan n bi hc. My chiu.
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
- Hs hot ng nhm, t gii quyt vn di s hng dn ca gv
- Kt hp sch gio khoa, trc quan HS t chim lnh kin thc
35
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:

3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
I. KHI NIM, PHN LOI V DANH
PHP
1. Khi nim, phn loi
Hot ng 1
a. Khi nim: Khi thay th nguyn t H trong
- GV ly th d v CTCT ca amoniac v mt phn t NH3 bng gc hirocacbon ta thu c
s amin nh bn v yu cu HS so snh CTCT hp cht amin.
ca amoniac vi amin.
Th d
- HS nghin cu SGK v nu nh ngha amin
NH2
NH3 CH3NH2 C6H5-NH2 CH3-NH-CH3
trn c s so snh cu to ca NH3 v amin.
amoniac metylamin
phenylamin
imetylamin
xiclohexylamin
BI
B II
BI
BI
- GV gii thiu cch tnh bc ca amin v yu

cu HS xc nh bc ca cc amin trn.
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c cc loi
ng phn ca amin.
- GV ly mt s th d bn v yu cu HS xc
nh loi ng phn ca amin.
- Bc ca amin: Bng s nguyn t hiro trong

phn t NH3 b thay th bi gc hirocacbon.
- Amin thng c ng phn v mch cacbon, v
v tr nhm chc v v bc ca amin.
Th d:
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH2
CH3 CH CH2 NH2
CH3
o
ng pha
n vemach cacbon
CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2

o
ng pha
n vevtr nho
m ch
c
CH3 CH CH3
NH2
CH3 CH2 NH2
o
ng pha
n veba
c cu
a amin
CH3 NH CH3
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c cch phn

loi amin thng dng nht.
b. Phn loi
- Theo gc hirocacbon: Amin bo nh CH3NH2,
C2H5NH2,, amin thm nh C6H5NH2,
CH3C6H4NH2,
- Theo bc ca amin: Amin bc I, amin bc II,
amin bc
2. Danh php: Gi tn theo tn gc chc (tn
gc hirocacbon + amin) v tn thay th.
Th d: SGK
CTCT
Tn gc
Tn thay th
chc
CH3NH2
metylamin
metanamin
CH3CH2 NH2 etylamin
etanamin
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK bit cch gi tn
amin.
- HS vn dng gi tn cc amin bn.
36
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
CH3NHCH3
imetylamin
CH3CH2CH2
NH2
(CH3)3N
propylamin
trimetylamin
Nmetylmetanam
in
propan-1amin
N,Nimetylmetana
min
CH3[CH2]3
NH2
C6H5NH2
C2H5NHC2H5
H2N[CH2]6N
H2
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK vcho bit tnh cht vt
l ca amin.
- GV lu HS l cc amin u rt c, th d
nicotin c trong thnh phn ca thuc l.
butan-1-amin
phenylamin
ietylamin
Benzenamin
Netyletanamin
hexametylen Hexan-1,6iamin
iamin
II. TNH CHT VT L

- Metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin,
etylamin l nhng cht kh, mi khai, kh chu,
tan nhiu trong nc. Cc amin c phn t khi
cao hn l nhng cht lng hoc rn, tan
trong nc gim dn theo chiu tng ca phn t
khi.
- Anilin l cht lng, khng mu, t tan trong
nc v nng hn nc.
- Cc amin u rt c.
4. CNG C:
1. Khi nim v amin. Bc ca amin. Tn gi ca amin.
2. Vit tt c cc ng phn ca amin c CTPT C4H11N. Gi tn.
V. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh:
2. Xem trc phn cn li ca bi AMIN
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
37
butylamin
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 14:
Bi 9:
GV:
AMIN (Tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit: nh ngha, phn loi v gi tn amin
- HS hiu: Cc tnh cht in hnh ca amin.
2. K nng:
- Quan st, phn tch cc th nghim chng minh ca amin.
3. Thi : Thy c tm quan trng ca cc hp cht amin trong i sng v sn xut,
cng vi hiu bit v cu to, tnh cht ho hc ca cc hp cht amin.
II. TRNG TM:
III. CHUN B:
- Dng c: ng nghim, a thu tinh, ng nh git, kp th nghim.
- Ho cht : metylamin, qu tm, anilin, nc brom.
- Hnh v tranh nh lin quan n bi hc. My chiu.
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
38
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:

2. Kim tra bi c: Vit tt c cc ng phn ca amin C 3H9N. Ch r bc ca cc amin v
gi tn.
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
III. CU TO PHN T V TNH CHT
Hot ng 1
HO HC
- GV ? Phn t amin v amoniac c im g 1. Cu to phn t
ging nhau v mt cu to ?
- Tu thuc vo s lin kt v nguyn t N to ra
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit c im cu vi nguyn t cacbon m ta c amin bc I, bc II,
to ca phn t amin.
bc III.
R-NH2
R NH R1
Ba
cI
Ba
c II
R N R1
R2
Ba
c III
- Phn t amin c nguyn t nit tng t trong

phn t NH3 nn cc amin c tinh baz. Ngoi ra
amin cn c tnh cht ca gc hirocacbon.
2. Tnh cht ho hc
a. Tnh baz
- Tc dng vi nc: Dung dch cc amin mch
h trong nc lm qu tm ho xanh,
phenolphtalein ho hng.
Hot ng 2
- GV biu din 2 th nghim sau HS quan
st:
- Th nghim 1: Cho mu giy qu thm
nc ln ming l ng CH3NH2.
- a u a thu tinh nhng dung dch
HCl c ln ming l ng CH3NH2.
- HS quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch.
- HS nghin cu SGK so snh tnh baz ca
CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2. Gii thch nguyn
nhn.
CH3NH2 + H2O
[CH3NH3]+ +OH-
Anilin v cc amin thm phn ng rt km vi

nc.
- Tc dng vi axit
C6H5NH2 + HCl [C6H5NH3]+Cl
anilin
phenylamoni clorua
Nhn xt:
- Cc amin tan nhiu trong nc nh metylamin,
etylamin,c kh nng lm xanh giy qu tm
hoc lm hng phenolphtalein, c tnh baz mnh
hn amoniac nh nh hng ca nhm ankyl.
- Anilin c tnh baz, nhng dung dch ca n
khng lm xanh giy qu tm, cng khng lm
hng phenolphtalein v tnh baz ca n rt yu
v yu hn amoniac. l nh hng ca gc
phenyl (tng t phenol).
Tnh baz: CH3NH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2
39
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
b. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin
:NH2
Hot ng 3
- GV biu din th nghim khi nh vi git
dung dch Br2 bo ho vo ng nghim ng
dung dch anilin.
- HS quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch
nguyn nhn, vit PTHH ca phn ng.
+ 3Br2
H2O
Br
NH2
Br
+ 3HBr
Br
(2,4,6-tribromanilin)
Nhn bit anilin
4. CNG C:
1. C 3 ho cht sau y: Etylamin, phenylamin v amoniac. Th t tng dn lc baz c
sp xp theo dy
A. amoniac < etylamin < phenylamin
B. etylamin < amoniac < phenylamin
C. phenylamin < amoniac < etylamin
D. phenylamin < etylamin < amoniac
2. C th nhn bit l ng dung dch CH3NH2 bng cch no trong cc cch sau ?
A. Nhn bit bng mi.
B. Thm vi git dung dch H2SO4
C. Thm vi git dung dch Na2CO3
D. a a thu tinh nhng ddHCl c ln pha trn ming l ng dd CH3NH2 c.
3. Trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring tng cht trong mi hn hp sau y:
a) Hn hp kh: CH4 v CH3NH2
b) Hn hp lng: C6H6, C6H5OH v C6H5NH2
V. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 1 6 trang 44 (SGK).
2. Xem trc bi AMINOAXIT
VI. RT KINH NGHIM:
40
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 15:
Bi 10:
GV:
AMINOAXIT (Tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit: Khi nim v amino axit
- HS hiu: Nhng tnh cht ho hc in hnh ca amino axit.
2. K nng:
- Nhn dng cc hp cht amino axit.
- Gi tn mt s aminoaxit thng gp
- Vit chnh xc cc PTHH ca amino axit
3. Thi : Amino axit c tm quan trng trong vic tng hp ra protein, quyt nh s sng,
khi nm c bn cht ca n (nh ngha, danh php v cc tnh cht c trng ca n) s to
hng th cho HS khi hc bi ny.
II. TRNG TM:
- Nhn dng cc hp cht amino axit.
- Gi tn mt s aminoaxit thng gp
- Nhng tnh cht ho hc in hnh ca amino axit.
III. CHUN B:
- Hnh v, tranh nh lin quan n bi hc. My chiu.
- H thng cc cu hi ca bi hc.
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
41
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
V. TIN TRNH BI DY:

2. Kim tra bi c: Cho cc cht sau: dd HCl, NaCl, qu tm, dd Br 2. Cht no phn ng
c vi anilin. Vit PTHH ca phn ng.
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
- GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit
nh ngha v hp cht amino axit. Cho th d.
I. KHI NIM
1. Khi nim
Th d:
CH3 CH COOH H2N CH2[CH2]3 CH COOH

NH2
NH2
alanin
lysin
Aminoaxit l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc,

phn t cha ng thi nhm amino (NH2) v
nhm cacboxyl (COOH).
CTTQ: (H2N)xR(COOH)y (x 1, y 1)
Hot ng 2
cch gi tn amino axit. Cho th d.
- Hs: xem bng gi tn mt s aminoaxit

a ra cng thc gi tn theo danh php thay
th hoc bn h thng.
2. Danh php
- Xut pht t tn axit tng ng (tn h thng,
tn thng) c thm tip u ng amino v s
hoc ch ci Hi Lp (, ) ch v tr ca nhm
NH2 trong mch l tn thay th, tn bn h
thng
- Cc -amino axit c trong thin nhin thng
c gi bng tn ring.
- Tn gi ca mt s amino axit (SGK)
CTCT
Tn thay th:
Tn = axit + v tr nhm NH2 + amino + v tr
nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch chnh + oic
- Gv: y/cu hs vit cc cng thc cu to ca
aminoaxit c th c ng vi cng thc phn t
C4H9NO2 v gi tn
- Hs: ln bng trnh by
42
CH2COOH
NH2
Tn bn h
thng
Axit
aminoaxetic
CH3CHCOOH
NH2
Axit aminopropionic
CH3CHCHCOOH
CH3 NH2
Axit -
Tn thay th
Axit 2aminoetanoic
Axit 2aminopropan
oic
Axit 2-amino-3aminoisovaleric metylbutanoic
- Ctct aminoaxit ca C4H9NO2

1. CH3CH2CHCOOH axit 2-aminobutanoic
NH2
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2.
CH3CHCH2COOH axit 3-aminobutanoic

NH2
3. CH2CH2CH2COOH axit 4-aminobutanoic
NH2
4.
CH3
CH3CCOOH axit 2-amino-2-metylpropanoic
NH2
CH3
5. CH2CHCOOH axit 3-amino-2-metylpropanoic
NH2
Hot ng 3
- GV vit CTCT ca axit amino axetic v yu
cu HS nhn xt v c im cu to.
- GV khc su c im cu to (1 nhm COOH
v 1 nhm NH2), cc nhm ny mang tnh cht
khc nhau, chng c th tc dng vi nhau, t
yu cu HS vit di dng ion lng cc.
- GV thng bo cho HS mt s tnh cht vt l
c trng ca amino axit.
Hot ng 4
- GV ? T c im cu to ca amino axit, em
hy cho bit amino axit c th th hin nhng
tnh cht g ?
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia
glyxin vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH.
- GV nu vn : Tu thuc vo s lng nhm
COOH v NH2 trong mi amino axit s cho mi
trng nht nh.
- GV biu din th nghim nhng giy qu tm
vo dung dch glyxin, axit glutamic, lysin.
- HS nhn xt hin tng, vit phng trnh
in li v gii thch.
II. CU TO PHN T V TNH CHT

HO HC
1. Cu to phn t:
Tn ti di hai dng: Phn t v ion lng cc.
H2N-CH2-COOH
dang pha
n t
H3N-CH2-COOion l
ng cc
Cc amino axit l nhng hp cht ion nn

iu kin thng l cht rn kt tinh, tng i
d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao
(phn hu khi un nng).
2. Tnh cht ho hc
Cc amino axit l nhng hp cht lng tnh,
tnh cht ring ca mi nhm chc v c phn
ng trng ngng.
a. Tnh cht lng tnh
+
HOOC-CH2-NH2 + HCl HOOC-CH2-NH3ClH2N-CH2-COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2-COONa + H

2O
b. Tnh axit baz ca dung dch amino axit

- Dung dch glyxin khng lm i mu qu tm.
H2N CH2 COOH
H3N-CH2-COO-
- Dung dch axit glutamic lm qu tm ho hng

HOOC-CH2CH2CHCOOH
NH2
OOC-CH2CH2CHCOO+
NH3
- Dung dch lysin lm qu tm ho xanh.

H2N[CH2]4CH COOH + H
2O
NH2
H3N[CH2]4 CH COO- +OH

+NH
3
c. Phn ng ring ca nhm COOH: phn

ng este ho
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng este H2N-CH2-COOH + C2H5OH HCl kh H2N-CH2-COOC2H5 +H2O

ho gia glyxin vi etanol (xt kh HCl)
Thc ra este hnh thnh di dng mui.
43
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
H2N-CH2-COOC2H5 +HCl
Cl H3N CH2COOC2H 5

iu kin cc amino axit tham gia phn ng
trng ngng to ra polime loi poliamit.
- GV yu cu HS nu c im ca loi phn
ng ny. Vit PTHH trng ngng
-aminocaproic
d. Phn ng trng ngng

...+ H NH [CH2]5 CO OH +H NH [CH2]5 CO OH +H NH [CH2]5 CO OH + ...
t0
... NH [CH2]5 CO NH [CH2]5 CO NH [CH2]5 CO ... +nH2O

t0
(NH
axit -aminocaproic
hay nH2N-[CH2]5COOH
[CH2]5 CO )n +nH2O
policaproamit
II. NG DNG
- Cc amino axit thin nhin (hu ht l cc
Hot ng 5
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cc ng dng -amino axit) l nhng hp cht c s kin to
nn cc loi protein ca c th sng.
ca aminoaxit.
- Mui mononatri ca axit glutamic dng lm
gia v thc n (m chnh hay bt ngt), axit
glutamic l thuc h tr thn kinh, methionin l
thuc b gan.
- Cc axit 6-aminohexanoic (-aminocaproic) v
7-aminoheptanoic (-aminoenantoic) l nguyn
liu sn xut t nilon nh nilon-6, nilon-7,
4. CNG C
1. bt5/sgk/48
2. C 3 cht hu c: H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH v CH3[CH2]3NH2.
nhn ra dung dch ca cc hp cht trn, ch cn dng thuc th no sau y ?
A. NaOH
B. HCl
C. CH3OH/HCl
D. Qu tm
V. DN D
2. Xem trc bi PEPTIT V PROTEIN
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
44
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 16:
Bi 11:
GV:
PEPTIT V PROTEIN (Tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit:
- Peptit, protein, axit nucleic l g v vai tr ca chng trong c th sinh vt.
- Bit s lc v cu trc v tnh cht ca protein.
2. K nng:
- Nhn dng mch peptit.
- Vit cc PTHH ca peptit v protein.
- Gii cc bi tp ho hc phn peptit v protein.
3. Thi : C th khm ph c nhng hp cht cu to nn c th sng v th gii xung
quanh.
II. TRNG TM:
III. CHUN B:
- Hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n bi hc. My chiu.
- H thng cu hi cho bi dy.
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
45
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:

2. Kim tra bi c: bi tp s 4/SGK/tr48
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh
ngha v peptit.
- GV yu cu HS ch ra lin kt peptit
trong cng thc sau:
lie
n ke
t peptit
... NH CH C N CH C ...
R1 O H R2 O
NI DUNG
I. PEPTIT
1. Khi nim
* Peptit l hp cht cha t 2 n 50 gc -amino axit
lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt peptit.
* Lien ket peptit la lien ket -CO-NH- gia hai n
-aminoaxit. Nho
m C NH gi
a hai n v
O
-aminoaxit c goi lanho
m peptit
lie
n ke
t peptit
... NH CH C N CH C ...
R1 O H R2 O
* Phn t peptit hp thnh t cc gc -amino axit

bng lin kt peptit theo mt trt t nht nh. Amino
axit u N cn nhm NH2, amino axit u C cn
nhm COOH.
- GV ghi cng thc ca amino axit v yu Th du: H2N CH2CO NH CH COOH

CH3
cu HS nghin cu SGK bit c
a
uN
amino axit u N v u C.
a
uC
- GV yu cu HS cho bit cch phn loi * Nhng phn t peptit cha 2, 3, 4,gc -amino
peptit qua nghin cu SGK.
axit c gi l i, tri, tetrapeptit. Nhng phn t
peptit cha nhiu gc -amino axit (trn 10) hp thnh
c gi l polipeptit.
* CTCT ca cc peptit c th biu din bng cch
ghp t tn vit tt ca cc gc -amino axit theo trt
t ca chng.
Th d: Hai ipeptit t alanin v glyxin l: Ala-Gly v
Gly-Ala.
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK v vit PTHH thu
phn mch peptit gm 3 gc -amino axit.
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit hin
tng CuSO4 tc dng vi cc peptit trong
mi trng OH. Gii thch hin tng.
- GV nu vn : y l thuc th dng
nhn ra peptit c p dng trong cc bi
2. Tnh cht ho hc
a. Phn ng thu phn
...H2N CH CO NH CH CO NH CH CO ...NH CHCOOH + (n - 1)H

2O
R1
R2
R3
Rn
H+ hoac OH
H2NCHCOOH+H2NCHCOOH+H2NCHCOOH + ... +
H2NCHCOOH
R1
R2
R3
Rn
b. Phn ng mu biure
Trong mi trng kim, Cu(OH)2 tc dng vi peptit
cho mu tm (mu ca hp cht phc ng vi peptit
c t 2 lin kt peptit tr ln).
46
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
tp nhn bit.
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh
ngha v protein.
- GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK vcho
bit cc loi protein v c im ca cc
loi protein.
Hot ng 4
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nhng
c im chnh v cu trc phn t ca
protein.
II. PROTEIN
1. Khi nim: Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn
t c khi lng phn t t vi chc nghn n vi
triu.
- Phn loi:
* Protein n gin: L loi protein m khi thy phn
ch cho hn hp cc -amino axit.
Th d: anbumin ca lng trng trng, fibroin ca t
tm,
* Protein phc tp: c to thnh t protein n
gin cng vi thnh phn phi protein.
Th d: nucleoprotein cha axit nucleic, lipoprotein
cha cht bo,
2. Cu to phn t
c to nn bi nhiu gc -amino axit ni vi nhau
bng lin kt peptit.
... NH CH C N CH C NH CH C ... hay
R1 O H R2 O
R3 O
NH CH C
Ri O n
(n 50)
4. CNG C
1. Peptit l g ? Lin kt peptit l g ? C bao nhiu lin kt peptit trong mt phn t tripeptit ?
Vit CTCT v gi tn cc tripeptit c th c hnh thnh t glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin
(C6H5CH2CH(NH2)COOH, vit tt l Phe)
2. Hp cht no sau y thuc loi ipeptit ?
A. H2NCH2CONHCH2CONHCH2COOH
B.
H2NCH2CONHCH(CH3)COOH
C. H2NCH2CH2CONHCH2CH2COOH
D. H2NCH2CH2CONHCH2COOH
3. Thuc th no sau y dng phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, glixerol, etanol v lng
trng trng ?
A. NaOH
B. AgNO3/NH3
C. Cu(OH)2
D. HNO3
VI. DN D
- Bi tp v nh: 1 3 trang 55 (SGK).
Xem trc phn cn li ca bi bi PEPTIT V PROTEIN
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
47
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 18:
Bi 11:
GV:
PEPTIT V PROTEIN (Tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit:
- Peptit, protein, axit nucleic l g v vai tr ca chng trong c th sinh vt.
- Bit s lc v cu trc v tnh cht ca protein.
2. K nng:
quanh.
II. TRNG TM:
- Vit cc PTHH ca protein.
III. CHUN B:
- Hnh v, tranh nh c lin quan n bi hc. My chiu.
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
48
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:

2. Kim tra bi c: Th no l peptit? Tnh cht ha hc ca peptit? Vit pthh minh ha?
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV biu din th nghim v s ho tan v ng
t ca lng trng trng.
- HS quan st hin tng, nhn xt.
- GV tm tt li mt s tnh cht vt l c trng
ca protein.
NI DUNG
3. Tnh cht
a. Tnh cht vt l:
- Nhiu protein hnh cu tan c trong nc
to thnh dung dch keo v ng t li khi un
nng.
Th d: Ho tan lng trng trng vo nc, sau
un si, lng trng trng s ng t li.
- S ng t v kt ta protein cng xy ra khi
cho axit, baz v mt s mui vo dung dch
protein.
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nhng tnh

cht ho hc c trng ca protein.
- GV biu din th nghim phn ng mu biure.
HS quan st hin tng xy ra, nhn xt.
- GV ?: V sao protein c tnh cht ho hc
tng t peptit.
b. Tnh cht ho hc
- B thu phn nh xt axit, baz hoc enzim
Protein chui polipeptit -amino axit
- C phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2 mu
tm
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c tm quan
trng ca protein.
4. Vai tr ca protein i vi s sng (SGK)
III. KHI NIM V ENZIM V AXIT

Hot ng 3
NUCLEIC
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v 1. Enzim
enzim.
a. Khi nim: L nhng cht hu ht c bn
- GV yu cu HS cho bit:
cht protein, c kh nng xc tc cho cc qu
- Tn gi ca cc enzim.
trnh ho hc, c bit trong c th sinh vt.
- c im ca xc tc enzim.
* Tn ca enzim: Xut pht t tn ca phn ng
- Nhng c im ca xc tc enzim.
hay cht phn ng thm ui aza.
Th d: enzim amilazt cho qu trnh thu phn
tinh bt (amylum) thnh matoz.
b. c im ca enzim
- Hot ng xt ca enzim c tnh chn lc rt
cao: mi enzim ch xuc tc cho mt s chuyn
ho nht nh.
- Tc phn ng nh xc tc enzim rt ln,
thng ln gp t 109 n 1011 ln tc ca
49
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
cng phn ng nh xc tc ho hc.
Hot ng 4
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit:
+ nh ngha chung v axit nucleic.
+ Nhng c im ca axit nucleic.
- GV thng bo cho HS bit vai tr quan trng

ca axit nucleic trong hot ng sng ca c
th.
2. Axit nucleic
a. Khi nim: Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit
photphoric v pentoz (monosaccarit c 5C);
mi pentoz li lin kt vi mt baz nit ( l
cc hp cht d vng cha nit c k hiu l
A, C, G, T, U).
* Axit nucleic thng tng ti di dng kt hp
vi protein gi l nucleoprotein. Axit nucleic c
hai loi c k hiu l AND v ARN.
b. Vai tr
- Axit nucleic c vai tr quan trng bc nht
trong cc hot ng ca c th, nh s tng hp
protein, s chuyn cc thng tin di truyn.
- AND cha cc thng tinh di truyn. N l vt
liu di truyn cp phn t mang thng tinh
di truyn m ho cho hot ng sinh trng v
pht trin ca cc c th sng.
- ARN ch yu nm trong t bo cht, n tham
gia vo qu trnh gii m thng tinh di truyn.
4. CNG C
1. Phn bit cc khi nim:
a. Peptit v protein
b. Protein phc tp v protein n chc gin.
2. Xc nh phn t khi gn ng ca mt hemoglobin (huyt cu t) cha 0,4% Fe v khi
lng (mi phn t hemoglobin ch cha 1 nguyn t st).
4. HS v nh gii quyt bi tp sau:
Protein
Cht
Amin bc 1
Amino axit
Vn
... HN CH CO NH CH CO ...
R CH COOH
Cng thc
NH2
RNH2
NH2
R1
R2
chung
Tnh cht ho hc
+ HCl
+ NaOH
+ ROH/kh
HCl
+ Br2
(dd)/H2O
Trng
ngng
Phn ng
50
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
biure
+ Cu(OH)2
VI. DN D: Xem trc bi LUYN TP: CU TO V TNH CHT CA AMIN,
AMINO AXIT V PROTEIN
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
Tit 18:
LUYN TP:
CU TO V TNH CHT CA AMIN,
AMINO AXIT V PROTEIN
Bi 12:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: So snh, cng c kin thc v cu to cng nh tnh cht ca amin, amino axit
v protein.
2. K nng:
- Lm bng tng kt v cc hp cht quan trng trong chng.
- Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng di dng tng qut cho cc hp cht amin, amino axit.
- Gii cc bi tp ho hc phn amin, amino axit v protein.
quanh.
II. TRNG TM:
- Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng di dng tng qut cho cc hp cht amin, amino axit.
- Gii cc bi tp ho hc phn amin, amino axit v protein.
III. CHUN B:
- Bng tng kt mt s hp cht quan trng ca amin, amino axit. My chiu.
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
51
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:

2. Kim tra bi c: Phn bit cc khi nim:
a. Peptit v protein
b. Protein phc tp v protein n chc gin.
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Bi 1: Dung dch no di y lm qu tm ho
xanh ?
A. CH3CH2CH2NH2 B. H2NCH2COOH
C. C6H5NH2
D.
H2NCH(COOH)CH2CH2COOH
Hot ng 1
- HS 1 chn p n ph hp.
- HS 2 nhn xt v p n HS 1 chn.
- GV nhn xt kt qu.
Bi 2: C2H5NH2 tan trong nc khng phn ng

vi cht no trong s cc cht sau ?
A. HCl B. H2SO4 C. NaOH D. Qu tm
Bi 3: Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng gia tirozin
Hot ng 2
HO
CH2 CH COOH
- GV ?: tirozin thuc loi hp cht g ?
NH2
- HS vn dng cc kin thc hc v amino axit
Vi cc cht sau y:
hon thnh PTHH ca phn ng.
a) HCl
b) Nc brom
c) NaOH
d) CH3OH/HCl (hi bo ho)
Gii
a) HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH + HCl
HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH3Cl)-COOH
b) HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH + 2Br2
HO-C6H2Br2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH + 2HBr
c) HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH + 2NaOH
NaO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COONa + 2H2O
d)HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH +CH3OH
HCl ba
o hoa
HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOCH3 + H2O
Bi 4: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit
dung dch tng cht trong cc nhm cht sau:
a. CH3NH2, H2N-CH2-COOH, CH3COONa
Hot ng 3
- HS da trn tnh cht ho hc c trng ca cc b. C6H5NH2, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH, C3H5(OH)3,
CH3CHO
cht gii quyt bi tp.
Gii
a.
CH3NH2 H2N-CH2CH3COO
COOH
Na
52
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Qu
tm
Xanh (1)
Dd
HCl
khi
trng
(nhn ra
glyxin)
Xanh (2)
(1) CH3NH2 +H2O

(2) CH3COO +H2O
CH3NH+
3 +OH
CH3COOH +OH
b.
Cu(OH)2, lc
nh
Cu(OH)2, t0
Dung dch Br2
C6H5NH2
CH3 CH COOH
NH2
CH2 CH CH2
OH OH OH
CH3CHO
Dd trong sut
mu xanh lam (1)
gch (2)
trng (3)
Hot ng 3
- GV dn dt HS gii quyt bi ton.
- HS t gii quyt di s hng dn ca GV.
Bi 5: Cho 0,01 mol amino axit A tc dng va

vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M; sau phn
ng em c cn th thu c 1,815g mui. Nu
trung ho A bng mt lng va NaOH th
thy t l mol gia A v NaOH l 1:1.
a) Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A, bit rng
phn t ca A c mch cacbon khng phn
nhnh v A thuc loi
- amino axit
b) Vit CTCT cc ng phn c th ca A vgi
tn chng theo danh php th, khi
- thay i v tr nhm amino.
- thay i cu to gc hirocacbon v nhm
amino vn v tr .
Gii
a) CTCT ca A
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH COOH
NH2
b)
- Thay i v tr nhm amino
7
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 COOH

NH2
axit 3-aminoheptanoic
4. CNG C
- Cng c: Trong tit luyn tp.
VI. DN D
- Xem trc bi I CNG V POLIME
53
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
CHNG 4:
Tit 19:
POLIME V VT LIU POLIME
Bi 13 : I CNG V POLIME (Tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit: nh ngha, c im cu to ca polime.
- HS hiu: Phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng.
2. K nng:
- Phn loi v gi tn polime.
- So snh phn ng trng hp vi phn ng trng ngng.
- Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng tng hp ra cc polime.
3. Thi : Mt s hp cht polime l nhng loi vt liu gn gi trong cuc sng.
II. TRNG TM:
III. CHUN B: Cc bng tng kt, s , hnh v lin quan n bi hc.
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
54
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. Kim tra bi c: Vit phng trnh phn ng to polime t cc monome sau: CH 2=CH2,
H2N[CH2]5COOH v cho bit tn ca cc phn ng .
3. Ni dung:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
nh ngha v polime.
- HS cho th d. Gii thch cc khi nim nh:
h s polime ho, monome.
- HS c SGK v cho bit cch gi tn polime.
Vn dng vo mt s th d c th. (Vit PTHH,
ch r monome, h s trng hp).
NI DUNG
I. KHI NIM: Polime l nhng hp cht c
phn t khi ln do nhiu n v c s gi l
mt xch lin kt vi nhau to nn.
Th du:polietilen (CH2 CH2 )n, nilon-6 ( NH [CH2]5 CO )n
- n: H s polime ho hay polime ho.

- Cc phn t nh CH2=CH2, H2N[CH2]5COOH:
monome
* Tn gi: Ghp t poli trc tn monome. Nu
tn ca monome gm hai cm t tr ln th
c t trong du ngoc n.
Th d:
polietilen( CH2 CH2 )n; poli(vinyl clorua) ( CH2 CHCl )n
* Mt s polime c tn ring:
Th d:
Teflon:
CF2 CF2 n
Nilon-6:
NH [CH2]5 CO n
Xenluloz: (C6H10O5)n
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit c im cu
trc phn t polime. Cho th d.
- GV s dng m hnh cc kiu mch polime
minh ho cho HS.
II. C IM CU TRC
- Mch khng phn nhnh: amiloz, tinh bt,
- Mch phn nhnh: amilopectin, glicogen,
- Mng khng gian: cao su lu ho, nha
bakelit,
oooooooooooo
ooooo
oooo
o
o
o
o
oo
o
o
oooooo
b) ooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooo
oo
o
o
oo
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
oo
c) ooooooooooooo
ooooooooo
o
oo
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
oo
oo
o
o
o
oo
ooooooooo
o
oooooooooo
o
oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooo
a) ooooooooooooooo
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit mt s tnh
cht vt l ca polime.
- GV ly mt s tc dng v cc sn phm
polime trong i sng v sn xut chng
minh thm cho tnh cht vt l ca cc sn phm
polime.
55
a) mang kho
ng pha
n nha
nh
b) mang pha
n nha
nh
c) mang kho
ng gian
III. TNH CHT VT L

Cc polime hu ht l nhng cht rn, khng
bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh.
Polime khi nng chy cho cht lng nht,
ngui rn li gi l cht nhit do. Polime khng
nng chy, khi un b phn hu gi l cht nhit
rn.
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
IV. TNH CHT HO HC
1. Phn ng phn ct mch polime
- Polime c nhm chc trong mch d b thu
phn
Hot ng 4
- GV gii thiu cc phn ng ho hc ca
polime.
- HS nghin cu SGK v vit cc PTHH
minh ho.
Th du:(C6H10O5)n +nH2O
Tinh bo
t
H+, t0
nC6H12O6
Glucoz
- Polime trng hp b nhit phn nhit thch

hp to thnh cc on ngn, cui cng thnh
monome ban u (phn ng gii trng hp hay
phn ng epolime ho)
Th du:
CH CH2
C6H5
n
polistiren
3000C
nCH CH2
C6H5
stiren
2. Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime

CH2 CH C CH2 +nHCl
CH3
n
poliisopren
Cl
CH2 CH2 C CH2
CH3 n
poliisopren hiroclo hoa
3. Phn ng tng mch polime

- Phn ng lu ho chuyn cao su thnh cao su
lu ho.
- Phn ng chuyn nha rezol thnh nha rezit.
OH
OH
CH2
CH2
CH2OH n
+
CH2
+nH2O
CH2
CH2
OH
t0
OH
4. CNG C: H s polime ho l g ? C th xc nh chnh xc h s polime ho c

khng ?
Tnh h s polime ho ca PE, PVC v xenluloz, bit rng phn t khi trung bnh ca chng
ln lt l: 420.000, 250.000 v 1.620.000.
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 1, 6 trang 64 (SGK).
2. Xem trc phn cn li ca bi bi I CNG V POLIME
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
56
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 20:
GV:
Bi 13 : I CNG V POLIME (Tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit: nh ngha, c im cu to ca polime.
- HS hiu: Phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng.
2. K nng:
3. Thi : Mt s hp cht polime l nhng loi vt liu gn gi trong cuc sng.
II. TRNG TM:
III. CHUN B: Cc bng tng kt, s , hnh v lin quan n bi hc.
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
57
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. Kim tra bi c: H s polime ho l g ? C th xc nh chnh xc h s polime ho

c khng ?
Tnh h s polime ho ca PE, PVC v xenluloz, bit rng phn t khi trung bnh ca chng
ln lt l: 420.000, 250.000 v 1.620.000.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
V. PHNG PHP IU CH
1. Phn ng trng hp: Trng hp l qu
Hot ng 1
trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome)
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v ging nhau hay tng t nhau thnh phn t
phn ng trng hp ?
ln (polime).
- GV ?: Qua mt s phn ng trng hp m
- iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham
chng ta c hc. Em hy cho bit mt
gia phn ng trng hp l trong phn t phi
monome mun tham gia c phn ng trng
c lin kt bi (CH2=CH2, CH2=CH-Cl,
hp th v c im cu to, phn t monome CH2=CH-CH-CH2,) hoc l vng km bn
phi tho mn c im cu to nh th no ?
c th m ra nh:
CH2 CH2 C O
- GV b sung thm iu kin nu HS nu ra cha
CH2 CH2, H2C
y v ly mt s th d chng minh.
O
CH2 CH2 NH,...
Th d:
nCH2 CH
Cl
xt, t0, p
vinyl clorua
CH2 CH2 C O
H2C
CH2 CH2 NH
caprolactam
CH2 CH
Cl n
poli(vinyl clorua)
t0, xt
NH[CH2]5CO n
capron
2. Phn ng trng ngng

Hot ng 2
CH2 CH2 C O 0
t , xt
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha v
H2C
NH[CH2]5CO n
phn ng trng ngng ?
CH2 CH2 NH
caprolactam
capron
- GV ?: Qua mt s phn ng trng ngng m
t0
chng ta c hc. Em hy cho bit mt
nHOOC-C6H4-COOH + nHOCH
2-CH2OH
monome mun tham gia c phn ng trng
CO C6H4-CO OC2H4 O n +2nH2O
ngng th v c im cu to, phn t monome
phi tho mn c im cu to nh th no ? - Trng ngng l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn
- GV b sung thm iu kin nu HS nu ra cha t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime)
ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc
y v ly mt s th d chng minh.
(th d H2O).
- iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham
gia phn ng trng ngng l trong phn t
phi c t nht hai nhm chc c kh nng
58
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
phn ng.
VI. NG DNG: Vt liu polime phc v
cho sn xut v i sng: Cht do, t si, cao
su, keo dn.
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt s ng
dng quan trng ca cc polime.
4. CNG C
1. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng hp ?
A. Poli(vinyl clorua)
B. Polisaccarit
C. Protein
D. Nilon6,6
2. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng ?
A. Nilon-6,6
B. Polistiren
C. Poli(vinyl clorua)
D.
Polipropilen
3. T cc sn phm ho du (C6H6 v CH2=CH2) c th tng hp c polistiren, cht c
dng sn xut nha trao i ion. Hy vit cc PTHH ca phn ng xy ra (c th dng
thm cc hp cht v c cn thit).
VI. DN D
2. Xem trc bi VT LIU POLIME
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
Tit 21:
Bi 14:
VT LIU POLIME (Tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Khi nim v mt s vt liu: Cht do, sao su, t, keo dn.
- Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca chng.
2. K nng:
- So snh cc loi vt liu.
- Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng tng hp ra mt s polime dng lm cht do, cao su v t
tng hp.
- Gii cc bi tp polime.
3. Thi : HS thy c nhng u im v tm quan trng ca cc vt liu polime trong i
sng v sn xut.
59
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
II. TRNG TM:

tng hp.
III. CHUN B:
- Cc mu polime, cao su, t, keo dn,
- Cc tranh nh, hnh v, t liu lin quan n bi ging.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Phn bit s trng hp v trng ngng v cc mt: phn ng, monome
v phn t khi ca polime so vi monome. Ly th d minh ho.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
- GV nu vn : Hin nay do tc dng ca mi
trng xung quanh (khng kh, nc, kh thi,
) kim loi v hp kim b n mn rt nhiu,
trong khi cc khong sn ny nag cng cn
kit. V vy vic i tm cc nguyn liu mi l
cn thit. Mt trong cc gi php l iu ch vt
liu polime.
- Gv yu cu HS c SGK v cho bit nh
ngha v cht do, vt liu compozit. Th no l
tnh do ? Cho th d khi nghin cu SGK.
I. CHT DO
1. Khi nim v cht do v vt liu compozit
- Cht do l vt liu polime c tnh do.
- Vt liu compozit l vt liu hn hp gm t
nht hai thnh phn phn tn vo nhau v
khng tan vo nhau.
Thnh phn ca vt liu compozit gm cht nn
(polime) v cc cht ph gia khc. Cc cht nn
c th l nha nhit do hay nha nhit rn.
Cht n c th l si (bng, ay, poliamit,
aming,) hoc bt (silicat, bt nhe (CaCO3),
bt tan (3MgO.4SiO2.2H2O),
Hot ng 2
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng trng
hp PE.
- HS nu nhng tnh cht l ho c trng, ng
dng ca PE, c im ca PE.
2. Mt s polime dng lm cht do
a) Polietilen (PE): CH2 CH2 n

PE l cht do mm, nng chy nhit trn
1100C, c tnh tr tng i ca ankan mch
khng phn nhnh, c dng lm mng mng,
vt liu in, bnh cha,
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng trng b) Poli (vinyl clorua) (PVC):

CH2 CH
hp PVC.
Cl n
- HS nu nhng tnh cht l ho c trng, ng PVC l cht rn v nh hnh, cch in tt, bn
60
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
dng ca PVC, c im ca PVC.
vi axit, c dng lm vt liu cch in, ng

dn nc, vi che ma.
CH3
c) Poli (metyl metacylat)CH
: 2 C
COOCH3 n
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng trng

L cht rn trong sut cho nh sng truyn qua
hp PMM.
- HS nu nhng tnh cht l ho c trng, ng tt (gn 90%) nn c dng ch to thu tinh
hu c plexiglat.
dng ca PMM, c im ca PMM.
d) Poli (phenol fomanehit)
(PPF)
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng trng C 3 dng: Nha novolac, nha rezol v nha
rezit
hp PPF.
- HS nu nhng tnh cht l ho c trng, ng
- S iu ch nha novolac:
dng ca PPF, c im ca PPF.
OH
OH
+nCH2O
OH
CH2OH H , 75 C
-nH2O
CH2
n
ancol o-hiroxibenzylic
OH
OH
CH2
OH
CH2 ...
CH2
CH2
OH
CH2
OH
nha novolac
nha novolac
- iu ch nha rezol: un nng hn hp

phenol v fomanehit theo t l mol 1:1,2 (xt
OH kim), thu c nha rezol.
- iu ch nha rezit:
0
> 140 C
Nha rezol
Nha rezit
enguo
i
OH
OHCH2
OH
CH2
OH
OH
CH2
CH2OH
CH2
...
CH2OH
OH
CH2
OH
CH2
CH2
OH
CH2OH
Nha rezit
Mo
t oan mach pha
n tnha rezol
OH
OH
CH2
OH
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
Mo
t oan mach pha
n tnha rezit
Hot ng 3
- HS c SGK v cho bit nh ngha v t, cc
c im t.
61
II. T
1. Khi nim
- T l nhng polime hnh si di v mnh vi
bn nht nh.
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Trong t, nhng phn t polime c mch
khng phn nhnh, sp xp song song vi nhau.

cc loi t v c im ca n.
2. Phn loi
a) T thin nhin (sn c trong thin nhin) nh
bng, len, t tm.
b) T ho hc (ch to bng phng php ho
hc)
- T tng hp (ch to t polime tng hp): t
poliamit (nilon, capron), t vinylic th (vinilon,
nitron,)
- T bn tng hp hay t nhn to (xut pht t
polime thin nhin nhng c ch bin thm
bng con ng ho hc): t visco, t xenluloz
axetat,
Hot ng 4
3. Mt s loi t tng hp thng gp
- HS c SGK, sau vit PTHH ca phn ng a) T nilon-6,6
t0
tng hp t nilon-6,6 v nu nhng c im
nH2N CH2]6 NH2 + nHOOC-[CH2]4-COOH
ca loi t ny.
NH [CH ] NHCO [CH ] CO
n +2nH2O
poli(hexametylen aipamit) hay nilon-6,6
26
24
- Tnh cht: T nilon-6,6 dai, bn, mm mi,

ng mt, t thm nc, git mau kh nhng
km bn vi nhit, vi axit v kim.
- ng dng: Dt vi may mc, vi lt sm lp
xe, dt bt tt, bn lm dy cp, dy d, an li,
b) T nitron (hay olon)

nCH2 CH
CN
RCOOR', t0
CH2 CH
CN n
acrilonitrin
poliacrilonitrin
- HS c SGK, sau vit PTHH ca phn ng
- Tnh cht: Dai, bn vi nhit v gi nhit tt.
tng hp t nitron v nu nhng c im ca
- ng dng: Dt vi, may qun o m, bn len
loi t ny.
an o rt.
4. CNG C:
1. T nilon-6,6 thuc loi
A. t nhn to
B. t bn tng hp
C. t thin nhin
D. t tng
hp
2. T visco khng thuc loi
A. t ho hc
B. t tng hp
C. t bn tng hp
D.
t nhn to
3. Nha phenol-fomanehit c iu ch bng cch un nng phenol vi dung dch
62
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
A. CH3COOH trong mi trng axit.

B. CH3CHO trong mi trng axit.
C. HCOOH trong mi trng axit.
D. HCHO trong mi trng axit.
4. Khi clo ho PVC, tnh trung bnh c k mt xch trong mch PVC phn ng vi mt phn t
clo. Sau khi clo ho, thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng. Gi tr ca k l
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 2, 4 trang 72 SGK
2. Xem trc phn cn li ca bi VT LIU POLIME.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
Tit 22:
Bi 14:
VT LIU POLIME (Tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Khi nim v mt s vt liu: Cht do, sao su, t, keo dn.
- Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca chng.
2. K nng:
tng hp.
- Gii cc bi tp polime.
3. Thi : HS thy c nhng u im v tm quan trng ca cc vt liu polime trong i
sng v sn xut.
II. TRNG TM:
tng hp.
III. CHUN B:
- Cc mu polime, cao su, t, keo dn,
- Cc tranh nh, hnh v, t liu lin quan n bi ging.
63
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:

2. Kim tra bi c:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- HS c SGK v quan st si dy sao su lm
mu ca GV, cho bit nh ngha cao su, phn
loi cao su.
NI DUNG
III. CAO SU
1. Khi nim: Cao su l vt liu c tnh n
hi.

cu trc phn t ca sao su thin nhin.
2. Phn loi: C hai loi cao su: Cao su thin

nhin v cao su tng hp.
a) Cao su thin nhin
- Cu to:
0
250-300 C
Cao su thien nhien
isopren
Cao su thin nhin l polime ca isopren:

CH2 C CH CH2
n
CH3
n~
~1.500 - 15.000
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit tnh cht ca

- Tnh cht v ng dng
cao su thin nhin v tnh cht ca n.
- Cao su thin nhin c tnh n hi, khng dn
- GV lin h nc ta do iu kin t ai v kh
in v nhit, khng thm kh v nc, khng
hu rt thun tin cho vic trng cy sao su, cy
tan trong nc, etanol, axeton,nhng tan
cng nghip c gi tr cao.
trong xng, benzen.
- Cao su thin nhin tham gia c phn ng
cng (H2, HCl, Cl2,) do trong phn t c cha
lin kt i. Tc dng c vi lu hunh cho
cao su lu ho c tnh n hi, chu nhit, lu
mn, kh ho tan trong cc dung mi hn so vi
cao su thng.
- Bn cht ca qu trnh lu ho cao su (un
nng 1500C hn hp cao su v lu hunh vi
t l khong 97:3 v khi lng) l to cu ni
SS gia cc mch cao su to thnh mng
li.
nS
,t
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nh ngha
cao su tng hp.
b) Cao su tng hp: L loi vt liu polime

64
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
tng t cao su thin nhin, thng c iu
ch t cc ankaien bng phn ng trng hp.
- Cao su buna
- HS nghin cu SGK, sau vit PTHH ca

phn ng tng hp cao su buna v cho bit
nhng c im ca loi cao su ny.
nCH2 CH CH CH2
buta-1,3-ien
- HS nghin cu SGK, sau vit PTHH ca

phn ng tng hp cao su buna-S v buna-N v
cho bit nhng c im ca loi cao su ny.
Na
CH2 CH CH CH2 n
t0, xt
polibuta-1,3-ien
Cao su buna c tnh n hi v bn km cao

su thin nhin.
- Cao su buna-S v buna-N
t0
nCH2 CH CH CH2 +nCH CH2 xt

C6H5
buta-1,3-ien
stiren
t0,p
nCH2 CH CH CH2 +nCH2 CH xt

CN
buta-1,3-ien
acrilonitrin
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK, sau cho bit nh
ngha keo dn v nu bn cht ca keo dn.
- HS nghin cu SGK v lin h thc t sau

cho bit nh ngha nha v xm v cch dng
n.
- GV yu cu HS nu nhng c im cu to
ca keo dn epoxi, sau khi nghin cu SGK.
- GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK, sau vit
PTHH ca phn ng tng hp keo dn urefomaehit v nu c im ca loi keo dn
ny.
nH2N-CO-NH2 +nCH2O
ure
fomanehit
H+, t0
nH2N-CO-NH-CH2OH
monomemetylolure
CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2

n
C6H5
cao su buna-S
CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2

n
CN
cao su buna-N
IV. KEO DN TNG HP

1. Khi nim: Keo dn l vt liu c kh nng
kt dnh hai mnh vt liu rn ging hoc khc
nhau m khng lm bin i bn cht ca cc
vt liu c kt dnh.
2. Mt s loi keo dn tng hp thng dng
a) Nha v sm: L dung dch c ca cao su
trong dung mi hu c.
b) Keo dn epoxi: Lm t polime c cha
nhm epoxi
CH2 CH
O
c) Keo dn ure-fomanehit
nH2N-CO-NH2 + nCH
2=O
t0, xt
HN CO NH CH2 n +nH2O
4. CNG C
1. Kt lun no sau y khng hon ton ng ?
A. Cao su l nhng polime c tnh n hi.
B. Vt liu compozit c thnh phn chnh l polime.
C. Nilon-6,6 thuc loi t tng hp.
D. T tm thuc loi t thin nhin.
2. T tm v nilon-6,6 u
A. c cng phn t khi.
B. thuc loi t tng hp.
C. thuc loi t thin nhin.
D. cha cc loi nguyn t ging nhau trong phn t.
65
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
3. Phn t khi trung bnh ca poli(hexametylen aipamit) l 30.000, ca sao su t nhin l

105.000.
Hy tnh s mt xch (tr s n) gn ng trong CTPT mi loi polime trn.
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 1, 3, 5, 6 trang 72-73 (SGK).
2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP POLIME V VT LIU POLIME.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
Tit 23:
LUYN TP
POLIME V VT LIU POLIME
Bi 15:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Cng c nhng hiu bit v cc phng php iu ch polime.
- Cng c kin thc v cu to mch polime.
2. K nng:
- So snh hai phn ng trng hp v trng ngng iu ch polime (nh ngha, sn phm,
iu kin).
- Gii cc bi tp v hp cht polime.
3. Thi : HS khng nh tm quan trng ca hp cht polime trong cuc sng, sn xut v
bit p dng s hiu bit v cc hp cht polime trong thc t.
II. TRNG TM:
- So snh hai phn ng trng hp v trng ngng iu ch polime (nh ngha, sn phm,
iu kin).
- Gii cc bi tp v hp cht polime.
III. CHUN B: H thng cu hi v l thuyt v chn cc bi tp tiu biu cho bi hc.
66
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:

2. Kim tra bi c: Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng tng hp PVC, PVA t etilen.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Bi 1: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Polime l hp cht c phn t khi ln do
Hot ng 1
nhiu mt xch lin kt vi nhau to nn.
B. Nhng phn t nh c lin kt i hoc vng
km bn gi l monome.
- HS cn c vo cc kin thc hc v polime C. H s n mt xch trong cng thc polime gi
v vt liu polime chn p n ph hp.
l h s trng hp.
D. Polime tng hp c to thnh nh phn
ng trng hp hoc phn ng trng ngng.
Bi 2: Nhm vt liu no c ch to t
polime thin nhin ?
A. T visco, t tm, sao su buna, keo dn g.
B. T visco, t tm, phim nh.
C. Cao su isopren, t visco, nilon-6, keo dn g.
D. Nha bakelit, t tm, t axetat.
Bi 3: Cho bit cc monome c dng iu
ch cc polime sau:
Hot ng 2
a) ...
CH2 CH CH2 CH
Cl
Cl
...
b) ... CF CF CF CF ...
2
2
2
2
c)
CH2 C CH CH2
CH3
d)
NH [CH2]6 CO
e)
CO
COOCH2
CH2 O
g)
NH [CH ]
NH CO [CH ]
CO
26
24
- HS phn tch c im cu to ca mi polime
n
tm ra cng thc ca monome tng ng.
Gii
- HS vit CTCT ca cc monome. GV quan st a) CH2=CHCl
b) CF2=CF2
HS lm v hng dn.
c) CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2 d) H2N-[CH2]6COOH
e) HOOC
HOCH2
67
COOH g) H2N-[CH2]6-NH2
CH2OH
HOOC-[CH2]4COOH
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 3
- GV ?: Em hy cho bit thnh phn nguyn t
ca da tht v da gi khc nhau nh th no ?
- GV gii thiu cch phn bit.
Cu 4: Trnh by cch phn bit cc mu vt

liu sau:
a) PVC (lm gi da) v da tht.
b) T tm v t axetat.
Gii
Trong c hai trng hp (a), (b), ly mt t mu
t, nu c mi kht l da tht hoc t tm.
Cu 5:
a) Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng iu ch cc
cht theo s sau:
- Stiren polistiren
- Axit -aminoenantoic (H2N-[CH2]6-COOH)
polienantamit (nilon-7)
b) iu ch 1 tn mi loi polime trn cn
bao nhiu tn monome mi loi, bit rng hiu
sut ca c 2 qu trnh iu ch l 90%.
Gii
a) PTHH
Hot ng 4
- HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng.
- GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi ton.
CH CH2
CH CH2
0
t , p, xt
n
n H2N-[CH2]6-COOH
xt, t0
(1)
NH [CH2]6 CO
+nH2O
b) Khi lng monome mi loi

Theo (1), mun iu ch 1 tn polistiren cn
1.100
1,11(tn)
90
stiren (H = 90%)
Theo (2), 145 tn H2N-[CH2]-COOH iu ch

127 tn polime.
145
1,14(tan)
mH2N[CH2]6COOH =
127
V H=90%mH2N[CH2]6COOH thc t =1,14.

100
1,27(tan)
90

VI. DN D: Xem trc bi thc hnh MT S TNH CHT CA POLIME V VT
LIU POLIME.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
68
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 24:
GV:
THC HNH
MT S TNH CHT CA POLIME
V VT LIU POLIME
Bi 16:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Cng c nhng tnh cht c trng ca protein v vt liu polime.
- Tin hnh mt s th nghim.
+ S ng t ca protein khi un nng.
+Phn ng mu ca protein (phn ng biure).
+ Tnh cht ca PE, PVC, si len, si xenluloz khi un nng (tnh cht ca mt vi vt liu
polime khi un nng).
+ Phn ng ca PE, PVC, si len, si xenluloz vi kim (phn ng ca vt liu polime vi
kim).
2. K nng: S dng dng c, ho cht tin hnh thnh cng mt s th nghim v tnh
cht ca polime v vt liu polime thng gp.
3. Thi : Bit c tnh cht ca polime bo v cc vt liu polime trong cuc sng.
II. TRNG TM:
- Cng c nhng tnh cht c trng ca protein v vt liu polime.
III. CHUN B:
1. Dng c: ng nghim, ng nh git, n cn, kp g, gi ng nghim, kp st (hoc
panh st).
69
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. Ho cht: Dung dch protein (lng trng trng) 10%, dung dch NaOH 30%, CuSO 4 2%,
AgNO3 1%, HNO3 20%, mu nh PVC, PE, si len, si xenluloz (hoc si bng). Dng c,
ho cht cho HS thc hin th nghim theo nhm hoc c nhn.
IV. PHNG PHP: - Hs hp tc nhm nh t lm th nghim, cc hs lun phin nhau lm
th nghim
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Khng.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1. Cng vic u bui thc hnh.
I. NI DUNG V CCH TIN HNH:
- GV: Nu mc tiu, yu cu, nhn mnh nhng
lu trong bui thc hnh, nhn mnh yu cu
an ton trong khi lm th nghim vi dd axit, dd
xt.
- n tp mt s kin thc c bn v protein v
polime.
- Hng dn mt s thao tc nh dng kp st
(hoc panh st) kp cc mu PE, PVC, si t
gn ngn la n cn, quan st hin tng. Sau
mi t cc vt liu trn quan st.
- HS: Theo di, lng nghe.
Hot ng 2
Th nghim 1: S ng t ca protein khi un
- HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca nng
SGK.
- GV: Quan st, hng dn HS thc hin th
nghim, quan st s ng t ca protein khi un
nng.
Hot ng 3
- HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca Th nghim 2: Phn ng mu biure
SGK.
- GV: Hng dn HS gii thch.
Cu(OH)2 to thnh theo phn ng:
CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
C phn ng gia Cu(OH)2 vi cc nhm peptit
CONH to sn phm mu tm.
Hot ng 4
- HS: Tin hnh th nghim vi tng vt liu
Th nghim 3: Tnh cht ca mt vi vt liu

polime khi un nng
70
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
polime.
- H nng gn ngn la n cn: PE, PVC, si
xenluloz.
- t cc vt liu trn ngn la.
Quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch.
- GV: Theo di, hng dn HS quan st phn
bit hin tng khi h nng cc vt liu gn
ngn la n cn v khi t chy cc vt liu
. T c nhn xt chnh xc v cc hin
tng xy ra.
- HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca
SGK.
- GV: Hng dn HS thc hin cc th nghim.
Th nghim 4: Phn ng ca mt vi vt liu

polime vi kim
Hot ng 6:
II. VIT TNG TR NH:
- GV: Nhn xt, nh gi v tit thc hnh.
- HS: Thu dn dng c, ho cht, v sinh PTN.
Vit tng trnh theo mu sau.
4 CNG C:
VI. DN D:
1. Vit bn tng trnh th nghim 3, 4 theo mu sau:
Hin tng quan st c t th nghim vi vt liu
Th nghim
PE (1)
PVC (2)
Si len (3)
Si xenluloz
(4)
H nng gn
ngn la n cn
t vt liu trn
ngn la n cn
Dung dch 1, 2
tc dng vi dd
AgNO3
Dung dch 3, 4
tc dng vi dd
CuSO4
2. Tit sau kim tra vit.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
71
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
I CNG V KIM LOI
CHNG 5:
Tit 26:
GV:
Bi 17:
V TR CA KIM LOI
TRONG BNG TUN HON
V CU TO CA KIM LOI
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit:
- V tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon.
- Cu to ca nguyn t kim loi v cu to tinh th ca cc kim loi.
- Lin kt kim loi.
2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng t v tr ca kim loi suy ra cu to v tnh cht, t tnh cht
suy ra ng dng v phng php iu ch.
3. Thi : Kch thch s hng th vi b mn, pht huy kh nng t duy ca hc sinh
II. TRNG TM:
- T v tr ca kim loi suy ra cu to v tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v phng
php iu ch.
III. CHUN B:
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
- Bng ph v s cu to nguyn t (c ghi bn knh nguyn t) ca cc nguyn t thuc
chu k 2.
72
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Tranh v 3 kiu mng tinh th v m hnh tinh th kim loi (mng tinh th lc phng, lp
phng tm din, lp phng tm khi).
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t 11Na, 20Ca, 13Al. Xc
nh s electron lp ngoi cng v cho bit l nguyn t kim loi hay phi kim ?
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
I. V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG BNG
- GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS
TUN HON
xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t kim loi
- Nhm IA (tr H), nhm IIA (tr B) v mt phn
trong bng tun hon.
ca cc nhm IVA, VA, VIA.
- GV gi HS t rt ra kt lun v v tr - Cc nhm B (t IB n VIIIB).
ca cc nguyn t kim loi trong bng tun - H lantan v actini.
hon.
Hot ng 2
- GV yu cu HS vit cu hnh electron ca
cc nguyn t kim loi: Na, Mg, Al v cc
nguyn t phi kim P, S, Cl. So snh s
electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t
kim loi v phi kim trn. Nhn xt v rt ra
kt lun.
- GV dng bng ph v s cu to
nguyn t ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k 2
v yu cu HS rt ra nhn xt v s bin
thin ca in tch ht nhn v bn knh
nguyn t.
II. CU TO CA KIM LOI

1. Cu to nguyn t
- Nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi u
c t electron lp ngoi cng (1, 2 hoc 3e).
Th d:
Na: [Ne]3s1 Mg: [Ne]3s2 Al: [Ne]3s23p1
- Trong chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c
bn knh nguyn t ln hn v in tch ht nhn
nh hn so vi cc nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim.
Th d:
11Na
12Mg
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
0,15 0,13 0,12 0,11 0,11 0,10 0,09
7
6
5
7
0
4
9
2. Cu to tinh th
- nhit thng, tr Hg th lng, cn cc kim
Hot ng 3
loi khc th rn v c cu to tinh th.
- GV thng bo v cu to ca n cht kim - Trong tinh th kim loi, nguyn t v ion kim loi
loi.
nm nhng nt ca mng tinh th. Cc electron
- GV dng m hnh thng bo 3 kiu mng ho tr lin kt yu vi ht nhn nn d tch khi
tinh th ca kim loi.
nguyn t v chuyn ng t do trong mng tinh th.
- HS nhn xt v s khc nhau ca 3 kiu
a) Mng tinh th lc phng
mng tinh th trn.
- Cc nguyn t, ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v
tm cc mt ca hnh lc gic ng v ba nguyn t,
73
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
ion nm pha trong ca hnh lc gic.

- Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion
kim loi chim 74%, cn li 26% l khng gian
trng.
V d: Be, Mg, Zn.
b) Mng tinh th lp phng tm din
- Cc nguyn t, ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v
tm cc mt ca hnh lp phng.
trng.
V d: Cu, Ag, Au, Al,
c) Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi
- Cc nguyn t,ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v
tm ca hnh lp phng.
trng.
V d: Li, Na, K, V, Mo,
3. Lin kt kim loi
Hot ng 4
Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh gia
- GV thng bo v lin kt kim loi v yu cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mng tinh th do
cu HS so snh lin kt kim loi vi lin kt c s tham gia ca cc electron t do.
cng ho tr v lin kt ion.
4. CNG C:
1. GV treo bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh v tr ca 22 nguyn t phi kim. T
thy phn cn li ca bng tun hon l gm cc nguyn t kim loi.
2. Phn bit cu to ca nguyn t kim loi v cu to ca n cht kim loi thy trong
n cht, kim loi c lin kt kim loi.
VI. DN D
2. Xem trc bi phn TNH CHT CA KIM LOI
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
74
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 27:
Bi 18:
GV:
TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

DY IN HO CA KIM LOI (Tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi.
- HS hiu: Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi.
2. K nng: Gii thch c nguyn nhn gy nn mt s tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi.
3. Thi : Gii thch c mt s hin tng trong i sng
II. TRNG TM:
- Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi.
III. CHUN B:
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Lin kt kim loi l g ? So snh lin kt kim loi vi lin kt cng ho
tr v lin kt ion.
3. Bi mi:
75
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV yu cu HS nu nhng tnh cht vt l
chung ca kim loi ( hc nm lp 9).
NI DUNG
I. TNH CHT VT L
1. Tnh cht chung: iu kin thng, cc
kim loi u trng thi rn (tr Hg), c tnh
do, dn in, dn nhit v c nh kim.
Hot ng 2
- HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch tnh do ca
kim loi.
- GV ?: Nhiu ng dng quan trng ca kim loi
trong cuc sng l nh vo tnh do ca kim
loi. Em hy k tn nhng ng dng .
2. Gii thch
a) Tnh do
Kim loi c tnh do l v cc ion dng trong
mng tinh th kim loi c th trt ln nhau d
dng m khng tch ri nhau nh nhng
electron t do chuyn ng dnh kt chng vi
nhau.
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn nhn
v tnh dn in ca kim loi.
- GV dn dt HS gii thch nguyn nhn v sao
nhit cao th dn in ca kim loi cng
gim.
b) Tnh dn in
- Khi t mt hiu in th vo hai u dy kim
loi, nhng electron chuyn ng t do trong
kim loi s chuyn ng thnh dng c hng
t cc m n cc dng, to thnh dng in.
- nhit cng cao th tnh dn in ca kim
loi cng gim do nhit cao, cc ion dng
dao ng mnh cn tr dng electron chuyn
ng.
c) Tnh dn nhit
Hot ng 4
- Cc electron trong vng nhit cao c ng
- HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn nhn
nng ln, chuyn ng hn lon v nhanh chng
v tnh dn nhit ca kim loi.
sang vng c nhit thp hn, truyn nng
lng cho cc ion dng vng ny nn nhit
lan truyn c t vng ny n vng khc
trong khi kim loi.
- Thng cc kim loi dn in tt cng dn
nhit tt.
d) nh kim
Cc electron t do trong tinh th kim loi phn
x hu ht nhng tia sng nhn thy c, do
kim loi c v sng lp lnh gi l nh kim.
Hot ng 5
- HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn
nhn v tnh nh kim ca kim loi.
76
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht vt l khc Kt lun: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi
ca kim loi.
gy nn bi s c mt ca cc electron t do
trong mng tinh th kim loi.
- Khng nhng cc electron t do trong tinh th
kim loi, m c im cu trc mng tinh th
kim loi, bn knh nguyn t,cng nh hng
n tnh cht vt l ca kim loi.
* Ngoi mt s tnh cht vt l chung ca cc
kim loi, kim loi cn c mt s tnh cht vt l
khng ging nhau.
- Khi lng ring: Nh nht: Li (0,5g/cm3);
ln nht Os (22,6g/cm3).
- Nhit nng chy: Thp nht: Hg (390C);
cao nht W (34100C).
- Tnh cng: Kim loi mm nht l K, Rb, Cs
(dng dao ct c) v cng nht l Cr (c th
ct c knh).
4. CNG C
1. Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi ? Gii thch.
2. Em hy k tn cc vt dng trong gia nh c lm bng kim loi. Nhng ng dng ca
cc vt da trn tnh cht vt l no ca kim loi ?
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 1, 8 trang 88 (SGK).
2. Xem trc phn TNH CHT HO HC CHUNG CA KIM LOI
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
77
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 28:
Bi 18:
GV:
TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi v dn ra c cc PTHH chng minh cho
cc tnh cht ho hc chung .
- HS hiu c nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi.
2. K nng: T v tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon, suy ra cu to nguyn t v t cu
to nguyn t suy ra tnh cht ca kim loi.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi
III. CHUN B:
- Ho cht: Kim loi Na, inh st, dy st, dy ng, dy nhm, ht km. Dung dch HCl,
H2SO4 long, dung dch HNO3 long.
- Dng c: ng nghim, cc thu tinh, n cn, gi th nghim,
78
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:

2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi l g ? Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng
tnh cht vt l chung .
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
II. TNH CHT HO HC
- GV ?: Cc electron ho tr d tch ra khi
- Trong mt chu k: Bn knh nguyn t ca
nguyn t kim loi ? V sao ?
nguyn t kim loi < bn knh nguyn t ca
- GV ?: Vy cc electron ho tr d tch ra khi nguyn t phi kim.
nguyn t kim loi. Vy tnh cht ho hc
- S electron ho tr t, lc lin kt vi ht nhn
chung ca kim loi l g ?
tng i yu nn chng d tch khi nguyn
t.
Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh
kh.
M Mn+ + ne
Hot ng 2
- GV ?: Fe tc dng vi Cl2 s thu c sn
phm g ?
- GV biu din th nghim chng minh sn
phm to thnh sau phn ng trn l mui st
(III).
- HS vit cc PTHH: Al chy trong kh O2; Hg
tc dng vi S; Fe chy trong kh O2; Fe + S.
- HS so snh s oxi ho ca st trong FeCl3,
Fe3O4, FeS v rt ra kt lun v s nhng
electron ca st.
1. Tc dng vi phi kim

a) Tc dng vi clo
0
+3 -1
t0
2Fe + 3Cl2
2FeCl3
b) Tc dng vi oxi
0
2Al + 3O
2
0
t0
3Fe + 2O
2
+3 -2
2Al2O3
t0
+8/3 -2
Fe3O4
c) Tc dng vi lu hunh
Vi Hg xy ra nhit thng, cc kim loi
cn un nng.
0
t0
Fe + S
79
HgS
2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit

a) Dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long
0
+1
+2
FeCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl
b) Dung dch HNO3, H2SO4 c: Phn ng vi

hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt)
0
+5
+2
+2
3Cu + 8HNO
3 (loang) 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO+4H2O
0
+6
Cu + 2H
2SO4 (ac)
3. Tc dng vi nc
Hot ng 4
FeS
+2 -2
Hg + S
Hot ng 3
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca kim loi Fe vi
dung dch HCl, nhn xt v s oxi ho ca Fe
trong mui thu c.
- GV thng bo Cu cng nh cc kim loi khc
c th kh N+5 v S+6 trong HNO3 v H2SO4
long v cc mc oxi ho thp hn.
- HS vit cc PTHH ca phn ng.
+2 -2
+2
+4
CuSO4 +SO2+2H2O
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- GV thng bo v kh nng phn ng vi nc

ca cc kim loi nhit thng v yu cu
HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia Na v Ca vi
nc.
- GV thng bo mt s kim loi tc dng vi
hi nc nhit cao nh Mg, Fe,
- Cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh: kim loi nhm

IA v IIA (tr Be, Mg) kh H2O d dng nhit
thng.
- Cc kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh ch kh
nc nhit cao (Fe, Zn,). Cc kim loi
cn li khng kh c H2O.
0
+1
2Na + 2H2O
Hot ng 5
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH khi cho Fe tc
dng vi dd CuSO4 dng phn t v ion thu
gn. Xc nh vai tr ca cc cht trong phn
ng trn.
- HS nu iu kin ca phn ng (kim loi
mnh khng tc dng vi nc v mui tan).
+1
2NaOH + 2H
4. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Kim loi

mnh hn c th kh c ion ca kim loi yu
hn trong dung dch mui thnh kim loi t do.
0
+2
Fe + CuSO4
+2
FeSO4 + Cu
4. CNG C:
1. Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca kim loi l g v v sao kim loi c nhng tnh cht ?
2. Thu ngn d bay hi v rt c. Nu chng may nhit k thu ngn b v th dng cht
no trong cc cht sau kh c thu ngn ?
A. Bt st
B. Bt lu hunh
C. Bt than
D. Nc
3. Dung dch FeSO4 c ln tp cht l CuSO4. Hy gii thiu phng php ho hc n gin
c th loi c tp cht. Gii thch vic lm v vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn.
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 2, 3, 4, 5 trang 88-89 (SGK).
2. Xem trc bi DY IN HO CA KIM LOI
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
80
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 29:
GV:
TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

Bi 18:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit dy in ho ca kim loi v ngha ca n.
2. K nng: D on c chiu ca phn ng oxi ho kh da vo quy tc .
II. TRNG TM:
- Dy in ho ca kim loi
III. CHUN B:
- GV: Gio n, my chiu.
- HS: hc bi c
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
81
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. Kim tra bi c: Hon thnh cc PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn ng sau: Cu
+ dd AgNO3; Fe + CuSO4. Cho bit vai tr ca cc cht trong phn ng.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
III. DY IN HO CA KIM LOI
1. Cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi
Hot ng 1
Ag+ + 1e
Ag
- GV thng bo v cp oxi ho kh ca kim
2+
loi: Dng oxi ho v dng kh ca cng mt
Cu + 2e Cu
nguyn t kim loi to thnh cp oxi ho kh
Fe2++ 2e
Fe
ca kim loi.
[O]
[K]
- GV ?: Cch vit cc cp oxi ho kh ca kim Dng oxi ho v dng kh ca cng mt nguyn
loi c im g ging nhau ?
t kim loi to nn cp oxi ho kh ca kim
loi.
Th d: Cp oxi ho kh Ag+/Ag; Cu2+/Cu;
Fe2+/Fe
Hot ng 2
- GV lu HS trc khi so snh tnh cht ca
hai cp oxi ho kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag l
phn ng
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag ch xy ra theo 1
chiu.
- GV dn dt HS so snh c c kt qu
nh bn.
Hot ng 3: GV gii thiu dy in ho ca
kim loi v lu HS y l dy cha nhng cp
oxi ho kh thng dng, ngoi nhng cp oxi
ho kh ny ra vn cn c nhng cp khc.
2. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho

kh
Th d: So snh tnh cht ca hai cp oxi ho
kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag.
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag
Kt lun: Tnh kh: Cu > Ag
Tnh oxi ho: Ag+ > Cu2+
3. Dy in ho ca kim loi
K+ Na+ Mg+ Al3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu+ Ag+ Au3+
Tnh oxi ha ca kim loi tng

K Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni
Sn
Pb H Cu
Ag
Au
Tnh oxi ha ca kim loi gim

4. ngha dy in ho ca kim loi
D on chiu ca phn ng oxi ho kh theo
quy tc : Phn ng gia hai cp oxi ho kh
s xy ra theo chiu cht oxi ho mnh hn s
oxi ho cht kh mnh hn, sinh ra cht oxi ho
yu hn v cht kh yu hn.
Hot ng 4:
- GV gii thiu ngha dy in ho ca kim
loi v quy tc .
- HS vn dng quy tc xt chiu ca phn
82
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Th d: Phn ng gia hai cp Fe2+/Fe v
Cu2+/Cu xy ra theo chiu ion Cu2+ oxi ho Fe
to ra ion Fe2+ v Cu.
ng oxi ho kh.
Fe2+
Cu2+
Fe
Cu
2+
2+
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu
Tng qut: Gi s c 2 cp oxi ho kh Xx+/X
v Yy+/Y (cp Xx+/X ng trc cp Yy+/Y).
Xx+
Yy+
Phng trnh phn ng:

Yy+ + X Xx+ + Y
4. CNG C
1. Da vo dy in ho ca kim loi hy cho bit:
- Kim loi no d b oxi ho nht ?
- Kim loi no c tnh kh yu nht ?
- Ion kim loi no c tnh oxi ho mnh nht.
- Ion kim loi no kh b kh nht.
2.
a) Hy cho bit v tr ca cp Mn2+/Mn trong dy in ho. Bit rng ion H+ oxi ho c
Mn. Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng.
b) C th d on c iu g xy ra khi nhng l Mn vo cc dung dch mui: AgNO 3,
MnSO4, CuSO4. Nu c, hy vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng.
3. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho kh sau: Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag; Sn2+/Sn v Fe2+/Fe.
4. Kim loi ng c tan c trong dung dch FeCl3 hay khng, bit trong dy in ho cp
Cu2+/Cu ng trc cp Fe3+/Fe. Nu c, vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn
ng.
5. Hy sp xp theo chiu gim tnh kh v chiu tng tnh oxi ho ca cc nguyn t v ion
trong hai trng hp sau y:
a) Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn, Zn2+, Ni, Ni2+, H, H+, Hg, Hg2+, Ag, Ag+
b) Cl, Cl, Br, Br, F, F, I, I.
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 6,7 trang 89 (SGK).
2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA KIM LOI
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
83
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 30: Bi 22:
GV:
LUYN TP
TNH CHT CA KIM LOI
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: H thng ho v kin thc ca kim loi qua mt s bi tp l thuyt v tnh
ton.
2. K nng: Gii c cc bi tp lin quan n tnh cht ca kim loi.
3. Thi : Hc sinh ch ng t duy, sng to gii bi tp
II. TRNG TM:
- Gii cc bi tp lin quan n tnh cht ca kim loi
III. CHUN B:
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Trong tit luyn tp.
84
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- HS vn dng tnh cht ho hc chung ca
kim loi gii quyt bi tp.
NI DUNG
Bi 1: Dy cc kim loi u phn ng vi H2O
nhit thng l:
A. Fe, Zn, Li, Sn
B. Cu, Pb, Rb, Ag
C. K, Na, Ca, Ba D. Al, Hg, Cs, Sr
Bi 2: Ngm mt inh st trong 100 ml dung dch
CuCl2 1M, gi s Cu to ra bm ht vo inh st.
Sau khi phn ng xong, ly inh st ra, sy kh,
khi lng inh st tng thm
A. 15,5g
B. 0,8g
C. 2,7g
D. 2,4g
- Vn dng phng php tng gim khi

lng (nhanh nht).
Fe + CuCl2 FeCl2 + Cu
56g 1mol
64g tng 8g
0,1 mol
tng 0,8g.
Bi 3: Cho 4,8g kim loi R ho tr II tan hon

- Bi ny ch cn cn bng s tng quan gia ton trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,12
kim loi R v NO
lt NO duy nht (kc). Kim loi R l:
3R 2NO
A. Zn
B. Mg
C. Fe
D. Cu
0,075
0,05
R = 4,8/0,075 = 64
- Tng t bi 3, cn bng s tng quan gia Bi 4: Cho 3,2g Cu tc dng vi dung dch
Cu v NO2
HNO3 c, d th th tch kh NO2 thu c (kc)
Cu 2NO2
l
A. 1,12 lt
B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48
lt
- Fe v FeS tc dng vi HCl u cho cng
mt s mol kh nn th tch kh thu c xem
nh ch do mt mnh lng Fe ban u phn
ng.
Fe H2
nH2 = nFe = 16,8/56 = 0,3 V = 6,72 lt
Bi 5: Nung nng 16,8g Fe vi 6,4g bt S (khng

c khng kh) thu c sn phm X. Cho X tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d th c V lt kh thot
ra (kc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr V
l
A. 2,24 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 6,72 lt D. 3,36
lt
- nhh oxit = nH2 = nhh kim loi = 0,1 (mol)

Khi hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch
HCl th:
nH2 = nhh kim loi = 0,1 (mol) V = 2,24 lt
Bi 6: kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO v

ZnO thnh kim loi cn 2,24 lt H2 (kc). Nu
em ht hn hp thu c cho tc dng vi dung
dch HCl th th tch kh H2 thu c (kc) l
A. 4,48 lt
B. 1,12 lt
C. 3,36 lt D. 2,24
lt
85
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Tnh s mol CuO to thnh nHCl = nCuO Bi 7: Cho 6,72 lt H2 (kc) i qua ng s ng
32g CuO un nng thu c cht rn A. Th tch
kt qu
dung dch HCl tc dng ht vi A l
A. 0,2 lt B. 0,1 lt
C. 0,3 lt
D. 0,01
lt
Hot ng 2
- HS vn dng quy lut phn ng gia kim
loi v dung dch mui bit trng hp no
xy ra phn ng v vit PTHH ca phn ng.
- GV lu n phn ng ca Fe vi dung dch
AgNO3, trong trng hp AgNO3 th tip tc
xy ra phn ng gia dung dch mui Fe2+ v
dung dch mui Ag+.
Bi 8: Cho mt l st nh vo dung dch cha

mt trong nhng mui sau: CuSO4, AlCl3,
Pb(NO3)2, ZnCl2, KNO3, AgNO3. Vit PTHH dng
phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra
(nu c). Cho bit vai tr ca cc cht tham gia
phn ng.
Gii
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
Fe + Pb(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Pb
Fe + Pb2+ Fe2+ + Pb
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag
Nu AgNO3 d th: Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
2+
+
3+
Fe + Ag Fe + Ag
Bi 9: Ho tan hon ton 1,5g hn hp bt Al v
Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H2 (kc).
Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.
Gii
Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca Al v Mg.
- Cch lm nhanh nht l vn dng phng

php bo ton electron.
27a 24b 1,5
a 1/30
1,68
3a 2b 22,4.2 0,15 b 0,025
%Al =
27/30
.100 60%
1,5
%Mg = 40%
4. CNG C
1. t chy ht 1,08g mt kim loi ho tr III trong kh Cl2 thu c 5,34g mui clorua ca
kim loi . Xc nh kim loi.
2. Khi lng thanh Zn thay i nh th no sau khi ngm mt thi gian trong cc dung dch:
a) CuCl2
b) Pb(NO3)2
c) AgNO3
d) NiSO4
86
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
3. Cho 8,85g hn hp Mg, Cu v Zn vo lng d dung dch HCl thu c 3,36 lt H2 (kc).
Phn cht rn khng tan trong axit c ra sch ri t trong kh O2 thu c 4g cht bt
mu en.
Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.
VI. DN DXem trc bi tip theo
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
Tit 31:
Bi 21:
IU CH KIM LOI
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS hiu: Nguyn tc chung ca vic iu ch kim loi.
- HS bit: Cc phng php iu ch kim loi.
2. K nng: Rn luyn t duy: Tnh kh khc nhau ca cc kim loi v bit cch chn
phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi.
3. Thi : pht huy kh nng t duy ca hc sinh
II. TRNG TM:
Cc phng php iu ch kim loi
III. CHUN B:
87
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Ho cht: dung dch CuSO4, inh st.

- Dng c: ng nghim thng, ng nghim hnh ch U, li than ly t pin hng dng lm
in cc, dy in, pin hoc bnh cquy.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV t h thng cu hi:
+ Trong t nhin, ngoi vng v platin c
trng thi t do, hu ht cc kim loi cn li
u tn ti trng thi no ?
+ Mun iu ch kim loi ta phi lm g ?
+ Nguyn tc chung ca vic iu ch kim
loi l g ?
NI DUNG
I. NGUYN TC IU CH KIM LOI
Kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t.
Mn+ + ne M
Hot ng 2
- GV gii thiu phng php nhit luyn.
- GV yu cu HS vit PTHH iu ch Cu v
Fe bng phng php nhit luyn sau:
CuO + H2
Fe2O3 + CO
Fe2O3 + Al
II. PHNG PHP

1. Phng php nhit luyn
- Nguyn tc: Kh ion kim loi trong hp cht
nhit cao bng cc cht kh nh C, CO, H2
hoc cc kim loi hot ng.
- Phm vi p dng: Sn xut cc kim loi c tnh
kht trung bnh (Zn, FE, Sn, Pb,) trong cng
nghip.
Th d:
PbO + H
2
t0
0
Fe3O4 + 4CO
Fe2O3 + 2Al
Pb +H2O
3Fe +4CO2
2Fe +Al2O3
2. Phng php thu luyn

- Nguyn tc: Dng nhng dung dch thch hp
nh: H2SO4, NaOH, NaCN, ho tan kim loi
hoc cc hp cht ca kim loi v tch ra khi
phn khng tan c trong qung. Sau kh
nhng ion kim loi ny trong dung dch bng
nhng kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Fe, Zn,
Th d:
Hot ng 3
- GV gii thiu phng php thu luyn.
- GV biu din th nghim Fe + dd CuSO4 v
yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng.
- HS tm thm mt s th d khc v phng
php dng kim loi kh ion kim loi yu
hn.
88
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
- Phm vi p dng: Thng s dng iu ch
cc kim loi c tnh kh yu.
Hot ng 4:
- GV ?:
+ Nhng kim loi c hot ng ho hc
nh th no phi iu ch bng phng php
in phn nng chy ? Chng ng v tr
no trong dy hot ng ho hc ca kim
loi ?
ng xy ra cc in cc v PTHH chung ca
s in phn khi in phn nng chy Al2O3,
MgCl2.
3. Phng php in phn

a) in phn hp cht nng chy
- Nguyn tc: Kh cc ion kim loi bng dng
in bng cch in phn nng chy hp cht ca
kim loi.
- Phm vi p dng: iu ch cc kim loi hot
ng ho hc mnh nh K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al.
Th d 1: in phn Al2O3 nng chy iu ch
Al.
K (-)
Al 3+
Al3+ +3e
Al2O3
Al
pnc
2Al2O3
A (+)
O22O2O2 +4e
4Al +3O2
Th d 2: in phn MgCl2 nng chy iu ch

Mg.
K (-)
Mg2+
Mg2+ +2e
MgCl2
Mg
MgCl2
Hot ng 5:
-GV ?:
+ Nhng kim loi c hot ng ho hc
nh th no phi iu ch bng phng php
in phn dung dch ? Chng ng v tr no
trong dy hot ng ho hc ca kim loi ?
ng xy ra cc in cc v PTHH chung ca
s in phn khi in phn dung dch CuCl2.
Mg +Cl2
b) in phn dung dch

- Nguyn tc: in phn dung dch mui ca kim
loi.
- Phm vi p dng: iu ch cc kim loi c
hot ng ho hc trung bnh hoc yu.
Th d: in phn dung dch CuCl2 iu ch
kim loi Cu.
K (-)
CuCl2
A (+)
Cu , H2O
(H2O)
Cl-, H2O
Cu2+ +2e
Cu
2ClCl2 +2e
2+
CuCl2
Hot ng 6
- GV gii thiu cng thc Faray dng
tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc v
gii thch cc k hiu c trong cng thc.
pnc
A (+)
Cl2ClCl2 +2e
pdd
Cu +Cl2
c) Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc

Da vo cng thc Faray: m =
AIt
nF
, trong :
m: Khi lng cht thu c in cc (g).

A: Khi lng mol nguyn t ca cht thu c
in cc.
89
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
n: S electron m nguyn t hoc ion cho hoc
nhn.
I: Cng dng in (ampe)
t: Thi gian in phn (giy)
F: Hng s Faray (F = 96.500).
4. CNG C:
1. Trnh by cch
- iu ch Ca t CaCO3
- iu ch Cu t CuSO4
2. T Cu(OH)2, MgO, Fe2O3 hy iu ch cc kim loi tng ng bng mt phng php
thch hp. Vit PTHH ca phn ng.
VI. DN D:
1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 98 SGK.
2. Xem trc bi Luyn tp IU CH KIM LOI
VII. RT KINH NGHIM.
Tit 32:
LUYN TP
IU CH KIM LOI
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v nguyn tc iu ch kim loi v cc phng php iu
ch kim loi.
2. K nng: K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cc i
lng c lin quan.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch
90
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
III. CHUN B: Cc bi tp.

V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Bi 1: Bng nhng phng php no c th iu ch
c Ag t dung dch AgNO3, iu ch Mg t dung
Hot ng 1
dch MgCl2 ? Vit cc phng trnh ho hc.
- HS nhc li cc phng php iu ch
Gii
kim loi v phm vi p dng ca mi
1. T dung dch AgNO3 iu ch Ag. C 3 cch:
phng php.
- Dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion
- GV ?: Kim loi Ag, Mg hot ng ho hc Ag+.
mnh hay yu ? Ta c th s dng phng
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
php no iu ch kim loi Ag t dung
- in phn dung dch AgNO3:
pdd
dch AgNO3, kim loi Mg t dung dch
4AgNO3 + 2H
4Ag +O2 +4HNO3
2O
MgCl2 ?
- C cn dung dch ri nhit phn AgNO3:
- HS vn dng cc kin thc c lin quan
t0
2AgNO
2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
3
gii quyt bi ton.
2. T dung dch MgCl2 iu ch Mg: ch c 1 cch l
c cn dung dch ri in phn nng chy:
MgCl2
Hot ng 2
- HS
+ Vit PTHH ca phn ng.
+ Xc nh khi lng AgNO3 c trong
250g dung dch v s mol AgNO3 phn
ng.
- GV pht vn dn dt HS tnh c khi
lng ca vt sau phn ng theo cng thc:
mvt sau phn ng = mCu(b) mCu(phn ng) + mAg(bm
vo)
pnc
Mg + Cl2
Bi 2: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 10g

trong 250g dung dch AgNO3 4%. Khi ly vt ra th
khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 17%.
a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng v cho
bit vai tr ca cc cht tham gia phn ng.
b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng.
Gii
a) PTHH
b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng
Khi lng AgNO3 c trong 250g dd:
250
.4 10(g)
100
S mol AgNO3 tham gia phn ng l:

10.17
0,01(mol)
100.170
91
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
mol: 0,005
0,01
0,01
Khi lng vt sau phn ng l:
10 + (108.0,01) (64.0,005+ = 10,76 (g)
Hot ng 3
- GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi tp.
Bi 3: kh hon ton 23,2g mt oxit kim loi,

cn dng 8,96 lt H2 (kc). Kim loi l
A. Mg
B. Cu
C. Fe
D.
Cr
Gii
MxOy + yH2 xM + yH2O
nH2 = 0,4 nO(oxit) = nH2 = 0,4
mkim loi trong oxit = 23,2 0,4.16 = 16,8 (g)
x:y=
16,8
M
: 0,4. Thay gi tr nguyn t khi ca
cc kim loi vo biu thc trn ta tm c gi tr M

bng 56 l ph hp vi t l x : y.
Hot ng 4
- GV ?:
+ Trong s 4 kim loi cho, kim loi no
phn ng c vi dung dch HCl ? Ho tr
ca kim loi trong mui clorua thu c c
im g ging nhau ?
+ Sau phn ng gia kim loi vi dd HCl
th kim loi ht hay khng ?
- HS gii quyt bi ton trn c s hng
dn ca GV.
Bi 4: Cho 9,6g bt kim loi M vo 500 ml dung

dch HCl 1M, khi phn ng kt thc thu c 5,376
lt H2 (kc). Kim loi M l:
A. Mg
B. Ca
C. Fe
D.
Ba
Gii
nH2 = 5,376/22,4 = 0,24 (mol)
nHCl = 0,5.1 = 0,5 (mol)
M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2
0,24
0,48
0,24
nHCl(p) = 0,48 < nHCl(b) = 0,5 Kim loi ht,
HCl d
M=
9,6
40
0,24
M l Ca
Bi 5: in phn nng chy mui clorua kim loi M.

catot thu c 6g kim loi v anot thu c 3,36
Hot ng 5
lt kh (kc) thot ra. Mui clorua l
- HS lp 1 phng trnh lin h gia ho tr A. NaCl
B. KCl
C. BaCl2
ca kim loi v khi lng mol ca kim
D. CaCl2
loi.
Gii
- GV theo di, gip HS gii quyt bi
nCl2 = 0,15
ton.
2MCln 2M + nCl2
92
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
0,3
n
M=
6
0,3 =
0,15
20n n = 2 & M = 40 M l Ca
4. CNG C:
1. Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al2O3 v MgO (un nng). Khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c cht rn gm:
A. Cu, Al, Mg
B. Cu, Al, MgO
C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg
D.
Cu, Al2O3, MgO
2. Ho tan hon ton 28g Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 108g
B. 162g
C. 216g
D. 154g
VI. DN D: Xem trc bi HP KIM
Tit 33: Bi 19:
HP KIM
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
* HS bit:
- Khi nim v hp kim.
- Tnh cht v ng dng ca hp kim trong cc ngnh kinh t quc dn.
* HS hiu: V sao hp kim c tnh cht c hc u vit hn cc kim loi v thnh phn ca
hp kim.
2. K nng:
3. Thi :
93
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
II. TRNG TM:

- Tnh cht v ng dng ca hp kim trong cc ngnh kinh t quc dn.
III. CHUN B: GV su tm mt s hp kim nh gang, thp, uyra cho HS quan st.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- HS nghin cu SGK bit khi nim v hp
kim.
Hot ng 2
- Hs tr li cc cu hi sau:
+ V sao hp kim dn in v nhit km cc
kim loi thnh phn ?
+ V sao cc hp kim cng hn cc kim loi
thnh phn ?
+ V sao hp kim c nhit nng chy thp
hn cc kim loi thnh phn ?
94
NI DUNG
I. KHI NIM: Hp kim l vt liu kim
loi c cha mt s kim loi c bn v mt
s kim loi hoc phi kim khc.
Th d:
- Thp l hp kim ca Fe vi C v mt s
nguyn t khac.
- uyra l hp kim ca nhm vi ng,
mangan, magie, silic.
II. TNH CHT
Tnh cht ca hp kim ph thuc vo thnh
phn cc n cht tham gia cu to mng
tinh th hp kim.
* Tnh cht ho hc: Tng t tnh cht
ca cc n cht tham gia vo hp kim.
Th d: Hp kim Cu-Zn
- Tc dng vi dung dch NaOH: Ch c Zn
phn ng
Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2
- Tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng:
C 2 u phn ng
Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Zn + 2H2SO4 ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
* Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht c hc: Khc
nhiu so vi tnh cht ca cc n cht.
Th d:
- Hp kim khng b n mn: Fe-Cr-Ni (thp
inoc),
- Hp kim siu cng: W-Co, Co-Cr-W-Fe,
- Hp kim c nhit nng chy thp: SnPb (thic hn, tnc = 2100C,
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Hp kim nh, cng v bn: Al-Si, Al-CuMn-Mg.
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK v tm nhng th d thc
t v ng dng ca hp kim.
- GV b sung thm mt s ng dng khc ca
cc hp kim.
III. NG DNG
- Nhng hp kim nh,bn chu c nhit
cao v p sut cao dng ch to tn
la, tu v tr, my bay, t,
- Nhng hp kim c tnh bn ho hc v c
hc cao dng ch to cc thit b trong
ngnh du m v cng nghip ho cht.
- Nhng hp kim khng g dng ch to
cc dng c y t, dng c lm bp,
- Hp kim ca vng vi Ag, Cu (vng ty)
p v cng dng ch to trang sc v
trc y mt s nc cn dng c
tin.
4. THNG TIN B SUNG

1. V thnh phn ca mt s hp kim
- Thp khng g (gm Fe, C, Cr, Ni).
- uyra l hp kim ca nhm (gm 8% - 12%Cu), cng hn vng, dng c tin, lm
trang sc, ngi bt my,
- Hp kim Pb-Sn (gm 80%Pb v 20%Sn) cng hn Pb nhiu, dng c ch in.
- Hp kim ca Hg gi l hn hng.
- ng thau (gm Cu v Zn).
- ng thic (gm Cu, Zn v Sn).
- ng bch (gm Cu; 20-30%Ni v lng nh st v mangan)
2. V ng dng ca hp kim
- C nhng hp kim tr vi axit, baz v cc ho cht khc dng ch to cc my mc, thit
b dng trong nh my sn xut ho cht.
- C hp kim chu nhit cao, chu ma st mnh dng lm ng x trong ng c phn lc.
- C hp kim c nhit nng chy rt thp dng ch to dn ng cha chy t ng.
Trong cc kho hng ho, khi c chy, nhit tng lm hp kim nng chy v nc phun qua
nhng l c hn bng hp kim ny.
VI. DN D
2. Chun b n tp hc k I
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
95
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 34, 35:
GV:
N TP HC K I
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: n tp, cng c, h thng ho kin thc cc chng ho hc hu c (Este
lipit; Cacbohirat; Amin, amino axit v protein; Polime v vt liu polime).
2. K nng:
- Pht trin k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht.
- Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp trc nghim v bi tp t lun thuc cc chng ho hc hu
c lp 12.
96
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
3. Thi : Hc sinh ch ng t duy, sng to gii quyt vn

II. TRNG TM:
- n tp, cng c, h thng ho kin thc cc chng ho hc hu c
III. CHUN B:
- Yu cu HS lp bng tng kt kin thc ca cc chng ho hc hu c trc khi ln lp
n tp phn ho hc hu c.
- GV lp bng tng kt kin thc ca cc chng vo giy kh ln hoc bng ph.My chiu
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng ESTE LIPIT theo bng
sau:
Khi nim
Tnh cht ho
hc
Este
Khi thay th nhm OH nhm
cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng
nhm OR th c este.
Cng thc chung: RCOOR
- Phn ng thu phn, xt axit.

- Phn ng gc hirocacbon khng
no:
+ Phn ng cng.
+ Phn ng trng hp.
Lipit
- Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c
trong t bo sng, khng ho tan
trong nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi
hu c khng phn cc. Lipit l cc
este phc tp.
- Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi
axit bo (axit bo l axit n chc c
mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh).
- Phn ng thu phn
- Phn ng x phng ho.
Phn ng cng H2 ca cht bo lng.
Hot ng 2: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng
CACBOHIRAT theo bng sau:
Glucoz
Saccaroz
Tinh bt
Xenluloz
CTPT
C6H12O6
C12H22O11
(C6H10O5)n
(C6H10O5)n
CH2OH[CHOH]4 C6H11O5-O[C6H7O2(OH)3]
CHO
C6H11O5
n
CTCT thu gn Glucoz l
(saccaroz l
(monoanehit v
poliancol, khng
poliancol)
c nhm CHO)
97
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
- C phn ng
ca chc anehit
(phn ng trng
bc)
- C phn ng
ca chc
Tnh cht ho hc poliancol (phn
ng vi Cu(OH)2
cho hp cht tan
mu xanh lam.
GV:
- C phn ng
thu phn nh xt
H+ hay enzim
- C phn ng
ca chc
poliancol
- C phn ng
thu phn nh xt
H+ hay enzim.
- C phn ng
vi iot to hp
cht mu xanh
tm.
- C phn ng
ca chc
poliancol.
- C phn ng
vi axit HNO3
c to ra
xenluloztrinitr
at
- C phn ng
thu phn nh
xt H+ hay
enzim
Hot ng 3: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng AMIN
AMINO AXIT - PROTEIN theo bng sau:
Amin
Amino axit
Peptit v protein
Amin l hp cht hu c Amino axit l hp cht - Peptit l hp cht
c th coi nh c to
hu c tp chc, phn
cha t 2 50 gc nn khi thay th mt hay
t cha ng thi nhm amino axit lin kt vi
Khi nim
nhiu nguyn t H trong
amino (NH2) v nhm
nhau bng cc lin
ket peptitC N
phn t NH3 bng gc
cacboxyl (COOH)
O H
hirocacbon.
CTPT
Tnh cht ho
hc
CH3NH2; CH3NHCH3
(CH3)3N, C6H5NH2
(anilin)
H2NCH2COOH
(Glyxin)
CH3CH(NH2)COOH
(alanin)
- Tnh cht lng tnh
H2N-R-COOH + HCl
ClH3N-R-COOH
H2N-R-COOH + NaOH
H2N-R-COONa +
H2 O
- Phn ng ho este.
- Phn ng trng ngng
- Tnh baz
CH3NH2 + H2O
[CH3NH3]+ + OH
RNH2 + HCl RNH3Cl
- Protein l loi
polipeptit cao phn t
c PTK t vi chc
nghn n vi triu.
- Phn ng thu phn.
- Phn ng mu biure
Hot ng 4: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng AMIN
POLIME V VT LIU POLIME theo bng sau:
Polime
Vt liu polime
Khi nim
Polime hay hp cht cao phn t l
A. Cht do l nhng vt liu polime
nhng hp cht c PTK ln do nhiu
c tnh do.
n chc v c s gi l mt xch lin Mt s polime dng lm cht do:
kt vi nhau to nn.
1. PE
2. PVC
98
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tnh cht ho
hc
iu ch
GV:
C phn ng phn ct mch, gi

nguyn mch v pht trin mch.
- Phn ng trng hp: Trng hp l
qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh
(monome) ging nhau hay tng t
nhau thnh phn t ln (polime).
- Phn ng trng ngng: Trng ngng
l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh
(monome) thnh phn t ln (polime)
ng thi gii phng nhng phn t
nh khc (nh nc).
3. Poli(metyl metacrylat)
4. Poli(phenol-fomanehit)
B. T l nhng polime hnh si di v
mnh vi bn nht nh.
1. T nilon-6,6
2. T nitron (olon)
C. Cao su l loi vt liu polime c
tnh n hi.
1. Cao su thin nhin.
2. Cao su tng hp.
D. Keo dn l loi vt liu c khi
nim kt dnh hai mnh vt liu rn
khc nhau.
1. Nha v sm
2. Keo dn epxi
3. Keo dn ure-fomanehit.
4. CNG C: Trong tit n tp.

VI. DN D: TIT SAU THI HC K.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
Tit 37: B i 20:
S N MN KIM LOI (Tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
* HS bit:
- Khi nim v n mn kim loi v cc dng n mn chnh.
- Cch bo v cc dng bng kim loi v my mc khi b n mn.
* HS hiu: Bn cht ca qu trnh n mn kim loi l qu trnh oxi ho kh trong kim
loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng.
2. K nng: Vn dng nhng hiu bit v pin in ho gii thch hin tng n mn in
ho hc.
3. Thi : C thc bo v kim loi, chng n mn kim loi do hiu r nguyn nhn v tc
hi ca hin tng n mn kim loi.
99
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
II. TRNG TM:

- n mn kim loi v cc dng n mn chnh.
III. CHUN B: Hnh biu din th nghim n mn in ho v c ch ca s n mn in
ho i vi st. My chiu.
IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi bin i nh th no khi chuyn
thnh hp kim ?
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV nu cu hi: V sao kim loi hay hp kim
d b n mn ? Bn cht ca n mn kim loi l
g ?
- GV gi HS t nu ra khi nim s n mn
kim loi v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi.
Hot ng 2
- GV nu khi nim v s n mn ho hc v
ly th d minh ho.
NI DUNG
I. KHI NIM: S n mn kim loi l s ph
hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc
cht trong mi trng xung quanh.
H qu: Kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng
M Mn+ + ne
II. CC DNG N MN
1. n mn ho hc:
Th d:
- Thanh st trong nh my sn xut kh Cl2
0
+3 -1
2Fe + 3Cl
2
2FeCl3
- Cc thit b ca l t, cc chi tit ca ng

c t trong
0
+1
3Fe + 2O
2
3Fe + 2H
2O
Hot ng 3
- GV chiu hnh biu din th nghim n mn
in ho v yu cu HS nghin cu th nghim
v s n mn in ho.
- GV yu cu HS nu cc hin tng v gii
thch cc hin tng .
100
t0
t0
+8/3 -2
Fe3O4
+8/3
Fe3O4 +H2
n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho kh,

trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn
trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng.
2. n mn in ho
a) Khi nim
*Th nghim: (SGK)
* Hin tng:
+ Kim in k quay chng t c dng in
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
chy qua.
+ Thanh Zn b mn dn.
+ Bt kh H2 thot ra c thanh Cu.
* Gii thch:
- in cc m (anot); Zn b n mn theo phn
ng:
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
Ion Zn2+ i vo dung dch, cc electron theo dy
dn sang in cc Cu.
- in cc dng (catot): ion H+ ca dung dch
H2SO4 nhn electron bin thnh nguyn t H ri
thnh phn t H2 thot ra.
2H+ + 2e H2
n mn in ho l qu trnh oxi ho kh,
trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca
dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron
chuyn di t cc m n cc dng.
e
-
--o ------o
o -o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
oZn2+ o
o
o
+
o H o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Hot ng 4
- GV treo bng ph v s n mn in ho hc
ca hp kim st.
L
p dd cha
t ie
n li
O2 + 2H2O + 4e
4OH-
Fe2+
Fe
C
Va
t la
m ba
ng gang
e
- GV dn dt HS xt c ch ca qu trnh g st
trong khng kh m.
b) n mn in ho hc hp kim st trong
khng kh m
Th d: S n mn gang trong khng kh m.
- Trong khng kh m, trn b mt ca gang
lun c mt lp nc rt mng ho tan O2 v
kh CO2, to thnh dung dch cht in li.
- Gang c thnh phn chnh l Fe v C cng
tip xc vi dung dch to nn v s cc pin
nh m st l anot v cacbon l catot.
Ti anot: Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Cc electron c gii phng chuyn dch n
catot.
Ti catot: O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH
Ion Fe2+ tan vo dung dch cht in li c ho
tan kh O2, Ti y, ion Fe2+ tip tc b oxi ho,
di tc dng ca ion OH
to ra g st c thnh phn ch yu l
Fe2O3.nH2O.
4. CNG C
1. n mn kim loi l g ? C my dng n mn kim loi ? Dng no xy ra ph bin hn ?
2. C ch ca qu trnh n mn in ho ?
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 1,2 trang 95 (SGK).
2. Xem trc phn II.C cho n ht bi S N MN KIM LOI
101
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
VII. R T KINH NGHIM:
Tit 38:
Bi 20:
S N MN KIM LOI (Tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
* HS bit:
- Khi nim v n mn kim loi v cc dng n mn chnh.
- Cch bo v cc dng bng kim loi v my mc khi b n mn.
* HS hiu: Bn cht ca qu trnh n mn kim loi l qu trnh oxi ho kh trong kim
loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng.
2. K nng: Vn dng nhng hiu bit v pin in ho gii thch hin tng n mn in
ho hc.
3. Thi : C thc bo v kim loi, chng n mn kim loi do hiu r nguyn nhn v tc
hi ca hin tng n mn kim loi.
102
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
II. TRNG TM:

- Bn cht ca qu trnh n mn kim loi
III. CHUN B: Bng ph v hnh biu din th nghim n mn in ho v c ch ca s n
mn in ho i vi st.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: n mn kim loi l g ? C my dng n mn kim loi ? Dng no xy ra
ph bin hn ?
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV ?: T th nghim v qu trnh n mn in
ho hc, em hy cho bit cc iu kin qu
trnh n mn in ho xy ra ?
- GV lu HS l qu trnh n mn in ho ch
xy ra khi tho mn ng thi c 3 iu kin
trn, nu thiu 1 trong 3 iu kin trn th qu
trnh n mn in ho s khng xy ra.
NI DUNG
c) iu kin xy ra s m mn in ho hc
- Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht.
Cp KL KL; KL PK; KL Hp cht ho hc
- Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin
tip qu dy dn.
- Cc in cc cng tip xc vi mt dung dch
cht in li.
III. CHNG N MN KIM LOI
1. Phng php bo v b mt
Dng nhng cht bn vng vi mi trng
ph mt ngoi nhng vt bng kim loi nh
bi du m, sn, m, trng men,
Th d: St ty l st c trng thic, tn l st
c trng km. Cc vt lm bng st c
m niken hay crom.
Hot ng 2
- GV gii thiu nguyn tc ca phng php
bo v b mt.
- HS ly th d v cc dng lm bng kim
loi c bo v bng phng php b mt.
Hot ng 3
- GV gii thiu nguyn tc ca phng php
in ho.
- GV ?: Tnh khoa hc ca phng php in
ho l g?
2. Phng php in ho
Ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt kim loi hot
ng hn to thnh pin in ho v kim loi
hot ng hn s b n mn, kim loi kia c
bo v.
Th d: Bo v v tu bin lm bng thp bng
cch gn vo mt ngoi ca v tu (phn chm
di nc) nhng khi Zn, kt qu l Zn b
nc bin n mn thay cho thp.
4. CNG C
1. Trong hai trng hp sau y, trng hp no v tu c bo v ? Gii thch.
103
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- V tu thp c ni vi thanh km.

- V tu thp c ni vi thanh ng.
2. Cho l st vo
a) dung dch H2SO4 long.
b) dung dch H2SO4 long c thm vi git dung dch CuSO4.
Nu hin tng xy ra, gii thch v vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong mi trng
hp.
3. Mt dy phi qun o mt mt on dy ng ni vi mt on dy thp. Hin tng no
sau y xy ra ch ni 2 on dy khi lu ngy ?
A. St b n mn.
B. ng b n mn
C. St v ng u b n mn.
D. St v ng u khng b n mn.
4. S n mn kim loi khng phi l
A. s kh kim loi
B. s oxi ho kim loi.
C. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng.
D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hp cht.
5. inh st b n mn nhanh nht trong trng hp no sau y ?
A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl.
B. Ngm trong dung dch HgSO4.
C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long.
D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long c thm vi git dung dch CuSO4.
6. St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic b xc su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn trc
l
A. thic
B. st
C. c hai u b n mn nh nhau.
D. khng kim loi
b n mn.
VI. DN D
1. Bi tp v nh: 36 trang 95 (SGK).
2. Xem li tt c cc kin thc v phn ho hu c hc v h thng li vo bng sau, tit
sau n tp HK I (1 tit)
VII. RTKINH NGHIM
Tit 39:
LUYN TP: S N MN KIM LOI
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi, cc kiu n mn kim
loi v chng n mn.
2. K nng: K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cc i
lng c lin quan.
3. Thi : Nhn thc c tc hi nghim trng ca s n mn kim loi, nht l nc ta
vo vng nhit i gi ma, nng nhiu v m cao. T , c thc v hnh ng c th
bo v kim loi, tuyn truyn v vn ng mi ngi cng thc hin nhim v ny.
II.TRNG TM:
- Cng c kin thc v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi, cc kiu n mn kim loi v chng
n mn.
104
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
III. CHUN B: Cc bi tp.

V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- HS vn dng kin thc v l thuyt n
mn kim loi chn p n ng.
Hot ng 2
- HS xc nh trong mi trng hp, trng
hp no l n mn ho hc, trng hp no
l n mn in ho.
- GV yu cu HS cho bit c ch ca qu
trnh n mn in ho p n D.
Hot ng 3
- HS so snh hot ng ho hc ca 2
kim loi bit c kh nng n mn ca
2 kim loi Fe v Sn.
NI DUNG
Bi 1: S n mn kim loi khng phi l
A. s kh kim loi.
B. s oxi ho kim loi
C. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng
ca cc cht trong mi trng.
D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hp cht.
Bi 2: inh st b n mn nhanh nht trong trng
hp no sau y ?
A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl.
B. Ngm trong dung dch HgSO4.
C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long.
D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long c nh thm
vi git dung dch CuSO4.
Bi 3: St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic b
xc su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn trc l:
A. thic
B. st
C. c hai b n mn nh nhau D. khng kim loi b
n mn
Hot ng 3: HS vn dng kin thc v n Bi 4: Sau mt ngy lao ng, ngi ta phi lm v
mn kim loi v lin h n kin thc ca sinh b mt kim loi ca cc thit b my mc, dng
cuc sng ch p n ng nht.
c lao ng. Vic lm ny c mc ch chnh l g ?
A. kim loi sng bng p mt.
B. khng gy nhim mi trng.
C. khng lm bn qun o khi lao ng.
D. kim loi b n mn.
Hot ng 4
- GV ?: Trong s cc ho cht cho, ho
cht no c kh nng n mn kim loi ?
Bi 5: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c

khung lm bng kim loi. Sau mt thi gian, ngi
ta thy khung kim loi b g. Ho cht no sau y c
kh nng gy ra hin tng trn ?
105
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- HS chn p n ng v gii thch.

Hot ng 5
HS vn dng nh ngha v s n mn ho
hc v n mn in ho chn p n
ng.
Hot ng 6
- GV ?: Ban u xy ra qu trnh n mn
ho hc hay n mn in ho ? V sao tc
thot kh ra li b chm li ?
- Khi thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4
th c phn ng ho hc no xy ra ? V khi
xy ra qu trnh n mn loi no ?
Hot ng 7
- GV ?: Khi ngm hp kim Cu Zn trong
dung dch HCl th kim loi no b n mn ?
- HS da vo lng kh H2 thu c, tnh
lng Zn c trong hp kim v t xc
nh % khi lng ca hp kim.
A. Etanol
C. Du ho
B. Dy nhm
D. Axit clohiric
Bi 6: S ph hu kim loi hay hp kim do kim loi

tc dng trc tip vi cc cht oxi ho trong mi
trng c gi l
A. s kh kim loi.
B. s tc dng ca kim loi vi nc.
C. s n mn ho hc.
D. s n mn in ho hc.
Bi 7: Khi iu ch H2 t Zn v dung dch H2SO4
long, nu thm mt vi git dung dch CuSO4 vo
dung dch axit th thy kh H2 thot ra nhanh hn
hn. Hy gii thch hin tng trn.
Gii
- Ban u Zn tip xc trc tip vi dung dch H2SO4
long v b n mn ho hc.
Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
Kh H2 sinh ra bm vo b mt l Zn , ngn cn s
tip xc gia Zn v H2SO4 nn phn ng xy ra
chm.
- Khi thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4, c phn
ng:
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
Cu to thnh bm vo Fe to thnh cp in cc v
Fe b n mn in ho.
- cc m (Fe): Km b oxi ho.
Zn 2e Zn2+
- cc dng (Cu): Cc ion H+ ca dung dch
H2SO4 long b kh thnh kh H2.
2H+ + 2e H2
H2 thot ra cc ng, nn Zn b n mn nhanh hn,
phn ng xy ra mnh hn.
Bi 8: Ngm 9g hp kim Cu Zn trong dung dch
HCl d thu c 896 ml H2 (kc). Xc nh % khi
lng ca hp kim.
Gii
Ngm hp kim Cu Zn trong dung dch HCl d, ch
c Zn phn ng.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
0,986
nZn = nH2 = 22,4 0,04
106
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
%Zn =
0,04.65
.100 28,89%
9
%Cu = 71,11%
4. CNG C:
1. C nhng cp kim loi sau y cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li: a) Al Fe; b) Cu
Fe; c) Fe Sn.
Cho bit kim loi no trong mi cp b n mn in ho hc.
A. Cu, Al, Mg
B. Cu, Al, MgO
C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg
D.
Cu, Al2O3, MgO
2. V sao khi ni mt si dy in bng ng vi mt si dy in bng nhm th ch ni tr
nn mau km tip xc.
VI. DN D: Xem trc bi tip theo
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
Tit 40: Bi 24:
THC HNH
TNH CHT, IU CH V
S N MN KIM LOI
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Cng c kin thc v: dy in ho ca kim loi, iu ch kim loi, s n mn kim loi.
+ So snh phn ng ca Al, Fe, Cu vi ion H + trong dung dch HCl (dy in ho ca kim
loi).
+ Fe phn ng vi Cu 2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 (iu ch kim loi bng cch dng kim loi
mnh kh kim loi yu trong dung dch).
107
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
+ Zn phn ng vi dung dch H 2SO4, dung dch H2SO4 thm CuSO4 (s n mn in ho

hc).
2. K nng:
- Tip tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh ho hc: lm vic vi dng c th nghim, ho
cht, quan st hin tng.
- Vn dng gii thch cc vn lin quan n dy in ho ca kim loi, v s n mn
kim loi, chng n mn kim loi.
3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tin hnh th nghim
III. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn, ko, da hoc giy gip.
- Ho cht: Kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe (inh st nh hoc dy st); Dung dch: HCl. H2SO4, CuSO4
Chun b dng c, ho cht
2. Hc sinh:
+ Chun b ni dung thc hnh
STT
Tn th nghim
Cch tin hnh
Hin tng
PTPGii thch
1
2
3
IV. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh lm cc th nghim di s hng dn ca GV.

V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. Nhc nh ni quy PTN, nhng lu trc khi tin
hnh cc th nghim ho hc.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bui thc hnh
- GV nu mc tiu, yu cu tit thc hnh v
mt s im cn lu trong bui thc hnh.
- GV c th lm mu mt s th nghim.
NI DUNG
I. Ni dung th nghim v cch tin hnh:
Hot ng 2:
- HS tin hnh cc th nghim nh yu cu ca
SGK
Th nghim 1: Dy in ho ca kim loi
108
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 3:
Th nghim 2: iu ch kim loi bng cch
- HS tin hnh th nghim nh SGK.
dng kim loi mnh kh ion kim loi trong
- Lu l nh tht sch g st phn ng xy dung dch.
ra nhanh v r hn.
Hot ng 4:
- HS tin hnh th nghim nh SGK.
- GV hng dn HS quan st hin tng.
Th nghim 3: n mn in ho
Hot ng 5: Cng vic cui bui thc hnh.

II. Vit tng trnh:
- GV nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh.
- HS thu dn dng c, ho cht, v sinh PTN,
lp hc, vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu.
4. CNG C: Trong tit thc hnh.
VI. DN D: Xem trc bi KIM LOI KIM.
VII. R t kinh nghim:
CHNG 6: KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH, NHM
KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT

QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM(Tit 1)
Tit 41: Bi 25:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
* HS bit.
- V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim.
- Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch mt s kim loi kim.
* HS hiu: Nguyn nhn ca tnh kh rt mnh ca kim loi kim.
2. K nng:
- Lm mt s th nghim n gin v kim loi kim.
109
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Gii bi tp v kim loi kim.

II. TRNG TM:
- V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim.
III. CHUN B:
1. Bng tun hon, bng ph ghi mt s tnh cht vt l ca kim loi kim. My chiu.
2. Dng c, ho cht: Na kim loi, bnh kh O2 v bnh kh Cl2, nc, dao.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
110
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 1
- GV dng bng HTTH v yu cu HS t tm
hiu v tr ca nhm IA v cu hnh electron
nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm IA
Hot ng 2
- GV dng dao ct mt mu nh kim loi Na.
- HS quan st b mt ca kim loi Na sau khi
ct v nhn xt v tnh cng ca kim loi Na.
- GV gii thch cc nguyn nhn gy nn
nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca cc kim loi
kim.
- HS da vo bng ph bit thm quy lut
bin i tnh cht vt l ca kim loi kim.
Hot ng 3
- GV ?: Trn c s cu hnh electron nguyn
t v cu to mng tinh th ca kim loi kim,
em hy d on tnh cht ho hc chung ca
cc kim loi kim.
A. KIM LOI KIM

I. V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU
HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
- Thuc nhm IA ca bng tun hon, gm cc
nguyn t: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs v Fr (nguyn t
phng x).
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t:
Li: [He]2s1 Na: [Ne]3s1 K: [Ar]4s1
Rb: [Kr]5s1 Cs: [Xe]6s1
II. TNH CHT VT L
- Mu trng bc v c nh kim, dn in tt, nhit
nng chy v nhit si thp, khi lng
ring nh, cng thp.
- Nguyn nhn: Kim loi kim c cu trc mng
tinh th lp phng tm khi, cu trc tng i
rng. Mt khc, trong tinh th cc nguyn t v
ion lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt kim loi yu.
III. TNH CHT HO HC
Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion
ho nh, v vy kim loi kim c tnh kh rt
mnh. Tnh kh tng dn t Li Cs.
M M+ + 1e
Trong cc hp cht, cc kim loi kim c s oxi
ho +1.
a. Tc dng vi oxi
2Na + O2 Na2O2 (natri peoxit)
4Na + O2 2Na2O (natri oxit)
b. Tc dng vi clo
2K + Cl2 2KCl
- GV biu din cc th nghim: Na + O2; K +

Cl2; Na + HCl.
- HS quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH
ca phn ng. Nhn xt v mc phn ng
ca cc kim loi kim.
2. Tc dng vi axit
2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2
3. Tc dng vi nc
2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2
bo v kim loi kim ngi ta ngm kim
loi kim trong du ho.
Hot ng 4
HS nghin cu SGK bit c cc ng
IV. NG DNG, TRNG THI THIN

111
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
dng quan trng ca kim loi kim.
NHIN V IU CH
1. ng dng:
HS nghin cu SGK.
- Dng ch to hp kim c nhit ngoi cng
- GV ? Em hy cho bit iu ch kim loi
thp.
kim ta c th s dng phng php no ?
Th d: Hp kim Na-K nng chy nhit 700C
- GV dng tranh v hng dn HS nghin cu dng lm cht trao i nhit trong cc l phn ng
s thit b in phn NaCl nng chy trong ht nhn.
cng nghip.
- Hp kim Li Al siu nh, c dng trong k
thut hng khng.
- Cs c dng lm t bo quang in.
2. Trng thi thin nhin
Tn ti dng hp cht: NaCl (nc bin), mt
s hp cht ca kim loi kim dng silicat v
aluminat c trong t.
3. iu ch: Kh ion ca kim loi kim trong hp
cht bng cch in phn nng chy hp cht ca
chng.
Th d:
2NaCl
pnc
2Na +Cl2
4. CNG C:
1. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi kim l
A. ns1
B. ns2
C. ns2np1
D. (n 1)dxnsy
2. Cation M+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6. M+ l cation no sau y ?
A. Ag+
B. Cu+
C. Na+
D. K+
3. Nng % ca dung dch to thnh khi ho tan 39g kali kim loi vo 362g nc l kt qu
no sau y ?
A. 15,47% B. 13,97% C. 14%
D. 14,04%
VI. DN D:
1. BTVN: 1 4 trang 111 (SGK)
2. Xem trc phn HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
112
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 42:
GV:
KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT

QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM (Tit 2)
Bi 25:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit c tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi
kim.
2. K nng:
- Lm mt s th nghim n gin v hp cht ca kim loi kim.
- Gii bi tp v hp cht ca kim loi kim.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim.
III. CHUN B:
1. Dng c: ng nghim, kp g, ng ht. My chiu.
2. Ho cht: NaOH dng vin,
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
NI DUNG
B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG
CA KIM LOI KIM
I. NATRI HIROXIT
1. Tnh cht
- GV cho HS quan st mt mu NaOH di
a. Tnh cht vt l:
dng vin v nghin cu tnh tan, tnh ht m - Cht rn, khng mu, d nng chy (tnc =
ca n.
3220C), ht m mnh (d chy ra), tan nhiu
trong nc.
- Khi tan trong nc, NaOH phn li hon ton
thnh ion:
- HS vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn
NaOH Na+ + OH
ca cc phn ng minh ho cho tnh cht ca b. Tnh cht ho hc
NaOH
- Tc dng vi axit
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
H+ + OH H2O
- Tc dng vi oxit axit
-GV: Gii thch cc trng hp xy ra phn
NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3 (nNaOH : nCO2 1)
113
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
ng cho mui axt, trung ho hoc c hai.
2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 (nNaOH : nCO2 2)

- Tc dng vi dung dch mui
- HS nghin cu SKG bit nhng ng dng
CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
quan trng ca NaOH.
Cu2+ + 2OH Cu(OH)2
2. ng dng: Nu x phng, ch phm
nhum, t nhn to, tinh ch qung nhm trong
cng nghip luyn nhm v dng trong cng
nghip ch bin du m.
Hot ng 2
II. NATRI HIROCACBONAT
- HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht 1. Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, t tan
vt l ca NaHCO3.
trong nc.
2. Tnh cht ho hc
- HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht a. Phn ng phn hu
ho hc ca NaHCO3.
t0
2NaHCO
Na CO +CO +H O
3
- GV ?: V sao c th ni NaHCO3 l hp cht b. NaHCO3 l hp cht lng tnh

NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O
lng tnh ?
NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
quan trng ca NaHCO3.
2. ng dng: Dng trong cng nghip dc
phm (ch thuc au d dy,) v cng
nghip thc phm (lm bt n,)
III. NATRI CACBONAT
1. Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn mu trng, tan
- HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht nhiu trong nc. nhit thng tn ti
di dng mui ngm nc Na2CO3.10H2O,
vt l ca Na2CO3.
nhit cao mui ny mt dn nc tr thnh
Na2CO3 khan, nng chy 8500C.
- HS dn ra nhng phn ng ho hc minh
ho cho tnh cht ca Na2CO3.
2. Tnh cht ho hc
Phn ng vi axit, kim, mui
- GV gii thiu cho HS bit mi trng ca
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
mui Na2CO3
Na2CO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + 2NaOH
Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl
quan trng ca Na2CO3.
Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim trong dung
dch nc cho mi trng kim.
Hot ng 3
3. ng dng: L ho cht quan trng trong

cng nghip thu tinh, bt git, phm nhum,
giy, si,
114
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Hot ng 4
- HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht
vt l ca KNO3.
- GV ?: Em c nhn xt g v sn phm ca
phn ng phn hu KNO3 ?
- ng dng thuc n ca KNO3 da trn tnh
cht no ca mui KNO3?
GV:
IV. KALI NITRAT
1. Tnh cht vt l: L nhng tinh th khng
mu, bn trong khng kh, tan nhiu trong
nc.
2. Tnh cht ho hc: B phn hu nhit
cao
2KNO3
t0
2KNO2 +O2
3. ng dng: Dng lm phn bn (phn m,

phn kali) v ch to thuc n. Thuc n thng
thng (thuc sng) l hn hp 68%KNO3,
15%S v 17%C (than)
- Phn ng chy ca thuc sng:
2KNO3 +3C +S
t0
N2 +3CO2 +K 2S
4. CNG C:
1. Trong cc mui sau, mui no d b nhit phn ?
A. LiCl
B. NaNO3 C. KHCO3 D. KBr
2. Cho 100g CaCO3 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl thu c mt lng kh CO2. Sc
kh CO2 thu c vo dung dch cha 60g NaOH. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh.
3. Nung 100g hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng ca hn hp khng thay
i, c 69g cht rn. Xc nh % khi lng ca mi cht rn trong hn hp u.
VI. DN D:
1. BTVN: 5 8 trang 111 (SGK)
2. Xem trc phn KIM LOI KIM TH
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
115
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Tit 43: Bi 26: KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT
QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH(Tit 1)

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit:
- V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim th.
- Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch kim loi kim th.
2. K nng:
- T cu to suy ra tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v iu ch.
- Gii bi tp v kim loi kim th..
II. TRNG TM:
- V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim th.
III. CHUN B: Bng tun hon, bng hng s vt l ca mt s kim loi kim th.My
chiu.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t 4Be, 12Mg, 20Ca.
Nhn xt v s electron lp ngoi cng.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV dng bng tun hon v cho HS tm
v tr nhm IIA.
- HS vit cu hnh electron ca cc kim
loi Be, Mg, Ca, v nhn xt v s
electron lp ngoi cng.
NI DUNG
A. KIM LOI KIM TH
- Kim loi kim th thuc nhm IIA ca bng tun
hon, gm cc nguyn t beri (Be), magie (Mg),
canxi (Ca), stronti (Sr), bari (Ba) v Ra (Ra).
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2 (n l s
th t ca lp).
Be: [He]2s2; Mg: [Ne]2s2; Ca: [Ar]2s2;
Sr: [Kr]2s2; Ba: [Xe]2s2
Hot ng 2
- HS da nghin cu bng 6.2. Mt s
hng s vt l quan trng v kiu mng
tinh th ca kim loi kim th rt ra cc
II. TNH CHT VT L

- Mu trng bc, c th dt mng.
- Nhit nng chy v nhit si ca cc kim
loi kim th tuy c cao hn cc kim loi kim
116
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
kt lun v tnh cht vt l ca kim loi
kim th nh bn.
- GV ?: Theo em, v sao tnh cht vt l
ca cc kim loi kim th li bin i
khng theo mt quy lut nht nh ging
nh kim loi kim ?
Hot ng 3
- GV ?: T cu hnh electron nguyn t
ca cc kim loi kim th, em c d on
g v tnh cht ho hc ca cc kim loi
kim th ?
- HS vit bn phn ng dng tng qut
biu din tnh kh ca kim loi kim th.
GV:
nhng vn tng i thp.
- Khi lng ring nh, nh hn nhm (tr Ba).
cng cao hn cc kim loi kim nhng vn
tng i mm.
III. TNH CHT HO HC
- Cc nguyn t kim loi kim th c nng lng
ion ho tng i nh, v vy kim loi kim th c
tnh kh mnh. Tnh kh tng dn t Be n Ba.
M M2+ + 2e
- Trong cc hp cht cc kim loi kim th c s
oxi ho +2.
0
2Mg + O
2
2. Tc dng vi axit
a) Vi HCl, H2SO4 long
0
+1
+2 -2
2MgO
+2
MgCl2 +H2
2Mg + 2HCl
b) Vi HNO3, H2SO4 c
0
+5
+6
+2
-3
4Mg + 10HNO
3(loang) 4Mg(NO3)2 +NH4NO3 +3H2O
- GV yu cu HS ly cc th d minh ho
v vit PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht
ca kim loi nhm IIA.
Hot ng 4
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng
tnh cht ca Ca(OH)2.
- GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht ca
Ca(OH)2 m HS cha bit.
- GV biu din th nghim sc kh CO2 t
t n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
bng phng trnh phn ng.
- GV hng dn HS da vo phn ng
phn hu Ca(HCO3)2 gii thch cc hin
tng trong t nhin nh cn trong nc
un nc, thch nh trong cc hang
ng,..
+2
-2
4Mg + 5H
2SO4(ac) 4MgSO4 +H2S +4H2O
3. Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng Be

khng kh c nc, Mg kh chm. Cc kim
loi cn li kh mnh nc gii phng kh H2.
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA
CANXI
1. Canxi hiroxit
- Ca(OH)2 cn gi l vi ti, l cht rn mu trng,
t tan trong nc. Nc vi l dung dch Ca(OH)2.
- Hp th d dng kh CO2:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O nhn bit kh
CO2
- ng dng rng ri trong nhiu ngnh cng
nghip: sn xut NH3, CaOCl2, vt liu xy dng,
2. Canxi cacbonat
- Cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong nc, b
phn hu nhit cao.
CaCO3
117
t0
CaO +CO2
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- B ho tan trong nc c ho tan kh CO2
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
Hot ng 4
- GV gii thiu v thch cao sng, thch
cao nung.
- B sung nhng ng dng ca CaSO4 m
HS cha bit.
t0
Ca(HCO3)2
3. Canxi sunfat
- Trong t nhin, CaSO4 tn ti di dng mui
ngm nc CaSO4.2H2O gi l thch cao sng.
- Thch cao nung:
1600C
CaSO4.2H2O
thach cao song
CaSO4.H2O +H2O
thach cao nung
- Thch cao khan l CaSO4

3500C
CaSO4.2H2O
thach cao song
CaSO4 +2H2O
thach cao khan
4. CNG C:
1. Xp cc kim loi kim th theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, th
A. bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
B. nng lng ion ho gim dn.
C. tnh kh gim dn.
D. kh nng tc dng vi nc gim
dn.
2. Cho 2 g mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 5,55g mui clorua.
Kim loi l kim loi no sau y ?
A. Be
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Ba
VI. DN D:
1. BTVN: 1 7 trang 119 (SGK).
2. Xem trc phn NC CNG.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
118
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Tit 44: Bi 26: KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT
QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH(Tit 2)

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit:
- Tnh cht, ng dng ca mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim th
2. K nng:
- T cu to suy ra tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v iu ch.
- Gii bi tp v kim loi kim th..
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht, ng dng ca mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim th
III. CHUN B: Bng tun hon, bng hng s vt l ca mt s kim loi kim th.My
chiu.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c:lm bt 4/sgk
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
CA CANXI
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng tnh 1. Canxi hiroxit
cht ca Ca(OH)2.
- Ca(OH)2 cn gi l vi ti, l cht rn mu
- GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht ca
trng, t tan trong nc. Nc vi l dung dch
Ca(OH)2 m HS cha bit.
Ca(OH)2.
- GV biu din th nghim sc kh CO2 t t - Hp th d dng kh CO2:
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O nhn bit
kh CO2
bng phng trnh phn ng.
- ng dng rng ri trong nhiu ngnh cng
nghip: sn xut NH3, CaOCl2, vt liu xy
dng,
- GV hng dn HS da vo phn ng phn
hu Ca(HCO3)2 gii thch cc hin tng
2. Canxi cacbonat
119
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
trong t nhin nh cn trong nc un nc,
thch nh trong cc hang ng,..
GV:
- Cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong nc, b
phn hu nhit cao.
CaCO3
t0
CaO +CO2
- B ho tan trong nc c ho tan kh CO2

CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
t0
Ca(HCO3)2
3. Canxi sunfat
- Trong t nhin, CaSO4 tn ti di dng
Hot ng 2
- GV gii thiu v thch cao sng, thch cao mui ngm nc CaSO4.2H2O gi l thch cao
sng.
nung.
- B sung nhng ng dng ca CaSO4 m HS - Thch cao nung:
1600C
cha bit.
CaSO4.2H2O
CaSO4.H2O +H2O
thach cao song
thach cao nung
- Thch cao khan l CaSO4

3500C
CaSO4.2H2O
thach cao song
CaSO4 +2H2O
thach cao khan
4. CNG C:
1. Cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 s
A. C kt ta trng.
B. c bt kh thot ra.
C. c kt ta trng v bt kh.
D. khng c hin tng g.
2. Cho 2,84g hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 672 ml kh
CO2 (kc). Phn trm khi lng ca 2 mui trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 35,2% & 64,8% B. 70,4% & 26,9%
C. 85,49% & 14,51%
D.17,6% & 82,4%
VI. DN D:
2. Xem trc phn NC CNG.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
120
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT

QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH (Tit 3)
Tit 45: Bi 26:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit: Nc cng l g ? Nguyn tc v cc phng php lm mm nc
cng.
2. K nng: Bit cch dng cc ho cht lm mm cc loi nc cng.
3. Thi : bit tc hi ca nc cng trong i sng.
II. TRNG TM:
- Nc cng l g ? Nguyn tc v cc phng php lm mm nc cng.
III. CHUN B:
- GV: gio n, my chiu
- HS: hc bi c
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Trnh by hin tng xy ra khi cho t t kh CO 2 sc vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 cho n d. Gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
C. NC CNG
Hot ng 1
1. Khi nim:
- GV ?
- Nc cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c gi
+ Nc c vai tr nh th no i vi i
l nc cng.
sng con ngi v sn xut?
- Nc cha t hoc khng cha cc ion Mg2+
+ Nc sinh hot hng ngy ly t u? L
v Ca2+ c gi l nc mm.
ngun nc g?
* Phn loi:
- GV: thng bo: Nc t nhin ly t sng
a) Tnh cng tm thi: Gy nn bi cc mui
sui, ao h. nc ngm l nc cng, vy
Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2.
nc cng l g ?
Khi un si nc, cc mui Ca(HCO 3)2 v
Nc mm l g? Ly v d.
Mg(HCO3)2 b phn hu tnh cng b mt.
t0
- GV ?: Em hy cho bit c s ca vic phn
Ca(HCO3)2
CaCO3+CO2+H2O
loi tnh cng l g ? V sao gi l tnh cng
0
t
Mg(HCO3)2
MgCO3+CO2+H2O
tm thi ? Tnh cng vnh cu ?
b) Tnh cng vnh cu: Gy nn bi cc
mui sunfat, clorua ca canxi v magie. Khi
un si, cc mui ny khng b phn hu.
c) Tnh cng ton phn: Gm c tnh cng
121
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
tm thi v tnh cng vnh cu.
Hot ng 2
- GV ? Trong thc t em bit nhng tc hi
no ca nc cng ?
- HS: c SGK v tho lun.
2. Tc hi
- un si nc cng lu ngy trong ni hi,
ni s b ph mt lp cn. Lp cn dy 1mm
lm tn thm 5% nhin liu, thm ch c th
gy n.
- Cc ng dn nc cng lu ngy c th b
ng cn, lm gim lu lng ca nc.
- Qun o gi bng nc cng th x phng
khng ra bt, tn x phng v lm o qun
mau chng h hng do nhng kt ta kh tan
bm vo qun o.
- Pha tr bng nc cng s lm gim hng
v ca tr. Nu n bng nc cng s lm
thc phm lu chn v gim mi v.
3. Cch lm mm nc cng
Hot ng 3
- Nguyn tc: Lm gim nng cc ion
- GVt vn : Nh chng ta bit nc
Ca2+, Mg2+ trong nc cng.
cng c cha cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+, vy theo cc a) Phng php kt ta
em nguyn tc lm mm nc cng l g? * Tnh cng tm thi:
- GV ?: Nc cng tm thi c cha nhng
- un si nc, cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v
mui no ? khi ung nng th c nhng phn Mg(HCO3)2 b phn hu to ra mui cacbonat
ng ho hc no xy ra ?
khng tan. Lc b kt ta nc mm.
+ C th dng nc vi trong va trung - Dng Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 (hoc Na3PO4).
ho mui axit tnh mui trung ho khng
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
tan , lc b cht khng tan c nc mm.
Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3
- GV ?: Khi cho dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4
* Tnh cng vnh cu: Dng Na2CO3 (hoc
vo nc cng tm thi hoc vnh cu th c Na3PO4).
hin tng g xy ra ? Vit p di dng ion. CaSO4 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + Na2SO4
- GV t vn : Da trn kh nng c th
b) Phng php trao i ion
trao i ion ca mt s cht cao phn t t
- Dng cc vt liu polime c kh nng trao
nhin hoc nhn to ngi ta c phng php i ion, gi chung l nha cationit. Khi i qua
trao i ion.
ct c cha cht trao i ion, cc ion Ca2+ v
- GV ?: Phng php trao i ion c th lm Mg2+ c trong nc cng i vo cc l trng
mt nhng loi tnh cng no ?
trong cu trc polime, th ch cho cc ion Na+
hoc H+ ca cationit i vo dung dch.
- Cc zeolit l cc vt liu trao i ion v c
cng c dng lm mm nc.
Hot ng 4
4. Nhn bit ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong dung dch

- Thuc th: dung dch mui CO32 v kh
122
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c cch nhn CO2.

bit ion Ca2+ v Mg2+.
- Hin tng: C kt ta, sau kt ta b ho
tan tr li.
- Phng trnh phn ng:
Ca2+ + CO32 CaCO3
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
Mg2+ +
2
CO3
MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O
Ca(HCO3)2 (tan)
Ca2+ + 2HCO3-
MgCO3
Mg(HCO3)2 (tan)
Mg2+ + 2HCO3-
4. CNG C:
1. Trong mt cc nc c cha 0,01 mol Na+, 0,02 mol Ca2+, 0,01 mol Mg2+, 0,05 mol HCO3,
0,02 mol Cl. Nc trong cc thuc loi no ?
A. Nc cng c tnh cng tm thi.
B. Nc cng c tnh cng vnh
cu.
C. Nc cng c tnh cng ton phn.
D. Nc mm.
2. C th dng cht no sau y lm mm nc c tnh cng tm thi ?
A. NaCl.
B. H2SO4.
C. Na2CO3.
D. KNO3.
3. Anion gc axit no sau y c th lm mm nc cng ?
A. NO3
B. SO24
C. ClO4
D. PO34
4. C th loi b tnh cng tm thi ca nc bng cch un si v l do no sau y ?
A. Nc si nhit cao ( 1000C, p sut kh quyn).
B. Khi un si lm tng tan ca cc cht kt ta.
C. Khi un si cc cht kh ho tan trong nc thot ra.
D. Cc mui hirocacbonat ca magie v canxi b phn hu bi nhit to ra kt ta.
VI. DN D:
2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI
KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
123
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
LUYN TP
TNH CHT CA KIM LOI KIM
KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG
Tit 46: Bi 46:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Cng c, h thng ho kin thc v kim loi kim, kim loi kim th v hp
cht ca chng.
2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v kim loi kim v kim loi kim th cng nh
hp cht ca chng.
II. TRNG TM:
- Cng c, h thng ho kin thc
III. CHUN B:
- HS: c trc phn ni dung ni dung KIN THC CN NH.
- GV: Cc bi tp lin quan n ni dung luyn tp.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH ca phn ng gii thch vic dng Na 3PO4 lm mm nc
c tnh cng ton phn.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
Bi 1: Hon thnh PTHH ca cc phn ng
- HS vn dng cc kin thc hc gii
xy ra theo s sau y
CaO
Ca(OH)2
CaCl2
quyt bi tp bn.
CaCO3
CaCO3
CaCO3
CaCO3
- GV quan st, hng dn HS gii quyt bi
tp.
CO2
KHCO3
K 2CO3
Hot ng 2
- HS gii quyt theo phng php tng gim
khi lng hoc phng php t n gii h
thng thng.
- GV quan st, hng dn HS gii quyt bi
tp.
Bi 2: Cho 3,04g hn hp NaOH v KOH tc

dng vi axit HCl thu c 4,15g hn hp
mui clorua. Khi lng mi hiroxit trong
hn hp ln lt l
A. 1,17g & 2,98g B. 1,12g & 1,6g
C. 1,12g & 1,92g D. 0,8g & 2,24g
Gii
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
KOH + HCl KCl + H2O
Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca NaOH v
KOH
124
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
40a + 56b = 3,04 (1)
T 2 PTHH trn ta thy:
1 mol NaOH 1 mol NaCl, khi lng tng
35,5 17 = 18,5g.
1 mol NaOH 1 mol NaCl, khi lng tng
35,5 17 = 18,5g.
1 mol hn hp (KOH, NaOH) 1 mol
hn hp (KCl v NaCl), khi lng tng
18,5g.
Theo bi cho khi lng hn hp tng 4,15
3,04 = 1,11g
a + b = 1,11:18,5 = 0,06 (2)
T (1) v (2): a = 0,02; b = 0,04
mKOH = 40.0,02 = 0,8g; p n D.
Hot ng 3
- GV gii thiu cho HS phng php gii
ton CO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim.
- HS gii quyt bi ton theo s hng dn
ca GV.
- HS vn dng phng php lm mm nc
cng c tnh cng vnh cu gii quyt bi
ton.
Bi 3: Sc 6,72 lt CO2 (kc) vo dung dch

c cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)2. Khi lng kt
ta thu c l
A. 10g
B. 15g
C. 20g
D.
25g
Gii
nCO2 = 0,3 1 <
nCO2
nNaOH
0,3
= 1,2 < 2
0,25
Phn ng to mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3
a
a
Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2
b
2b
a b 0,25 a 0,2
mCaCO
a 2 b 0,3 b 0,05
100.0,2 = 20g
Hot ng 4
HS gii quyt bi ton theo s hng dn ca Bi 4: Cht no sau y c th lm mm nc
cng c tnh cng vnh cu ?
GV.
A. NaCl
B. H2SO4
C. Na2CO3 D.
HCl
Bi 5: Cho 28,1 g hn hp MgCO3 v BaCO3,
trong MgCO3 chim a% khi lng. Cho
hn hp trn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl
ly kh CO2 ri em sc vo dung dch c
125
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
cha 0,2 mol Ca(OH)2 c kt ta B. Tnh a
kt ta B thu c l ln nht.
Gii
MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1)
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (2)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (3)
Theo (1), (2) v (3): nCO2 = nMgCO3 +
nCaCO3 = 0,2 mol th lng kt ta thu c
l ln nht.
Hot ng 5
- GV ?: Kim loi Ca l kim loi c tnh kh
mnh. Vy iu ch kim loi Ca ta c th
s dng phng php no trong s cc
phng php iu ch cc kim loi m ta
hc ?
- HS chn p n ph hp.
Ta c:
28,1.a
+
100.84
28,1.(100
- a)
100.197
= 0,2 a =
29,89%
Hot ng 6
- GV ? V sao khi un nng dung dch sau khi
lc b kt ta ta li thu c thm kt ta
na ?
- HS: Vit 2 PTHH v da vo 2 lng kt
ta tm lng CO2.
Bi 6: Cch no sau y thng c dng

iu ch kim loi Ca ?
A. in phn dung dch CaCl2 c mng ngn.
B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy.
C. Dng Al kh CaO nhit cao.
D. Dng kim loi Ba y Ca ra khi dung
dch CaCl2.
Bi 7: Sc a mol kh CO2 vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 thu c 3g kt ta. Lc tch kt
ta, dung dch cn li em un nng li thu
c thm 2g kt ta na. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,05 mol
B. 0,06 mol
C. 0,07 mol
D. 0,08
mol
4. CNG C:
- B tc chui phn ng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng (mi mi tn l mt phn ng).
Cho bit B l kh dng np cho cc bnh cha la (dp tt la). A l khong sn thng
dng sn xut vi sng.
E
OH
Na
t0
F
Na
OH
NaOH
HCl
VI. DN D: Xem trc bi: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

VII. RT KINH NGHIM
126
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 47:
GV:
Bi 27: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM (Tit 1)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit: V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca nhm, ng dng v trng thi thin nhin
ca Al.
- HS hiu:
+ Nguyn nhn gy nn tnh kh mnh ca nhm v v sao nhm ch c s oxi ho +3 trong
cc hp cht.
+ C s khoa hc ca phng php iu ch kim loi Al.
2. K nng:
- Tin hnh mt s th nghim n gin.
- Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v kim loi nhm.
- Vit c cc qu trnh oxi ho kh xy ra trn b mt cc in cc trong qu trnh sn
xut nhm.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht ha hc ca nhm.
III. CHUN B:
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. My chiu.
- Dng c, ho cht: ht nhm hoc l nhm, cc dung dch HCl, H 2SO4 long, NaOH, NH3,
HgCl2.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH ca phn ng gii thch vic dng Na 3PO4 lm mm nc
c tnh cng ton phn.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
A. NHM:
I. V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON,
Hot ng 1
CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
- GV dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc
- s 13, nhm IIIA, chu k 3.
nh vi tr ca Al trong bng tun hon.
- Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay
- HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Al, [Ne]3s23p1
suy ra tnh kh mnh v ch c s oxi ho duy - D nhng c 3 electron ho tr nn c s
nht l +3.
oxi ho +3 trong cc hp cht.
127
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
II. TNH CHT VT L
- Mu trng bc, tnc = 6600C, kh mm, d ko
si, d dt mng.
- L kim loi nh (d = 2,7g/cm3), dn in tt
v dn nhit tt.
HS t nghin cu SGK bit c cc tnh

cht vt l ca kim loi Al
Hot ng 2
- HS: Cho bit v tr cp oxi ha kh ca
nhm trong dy in ha, t xc nh tnh
cht ha hc ca Al.
- GV biu din th nghim Al mc lng t. HS
quan st hin tng xy ra v vit PTHH ca
phn ng.
- GV ?: V sao cc vt dng lm bng Al li
rt bn vng trong khng kh nhit
thng ?
- GV lm th nghim vi oxi, axit HCl,
H2SO4, HNO3.
- HS quan st gii thch hin tng v vit
phng trnh phn ng.
- Vi axit HCl, H2SO4l. th Al kh ion
no ? Sn phm ?
- Vi axit HNO3, H2SO4th Al kh ion
no ? V sao ?
- Trng hp vi axit HNO3, H2SO4 ngui
th phn ng cho sn phm g ? V sao ?
III. TNH CHT HO HC

Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh, ch sau
kim loi kim v kim loi kim th, nn d b
oxi ho thnh ion dng.
Al Al3+ + 3e
a) Tc dng vi halogen
2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3
b) Tc dng vi oxi
4Al + 3O
2
t0
2Al2O3
Al bn trong khng kh nhit thng

do c lp mng oxit Al2O3 rt mng bo v.
2. Tc dng vi axit
- Kh d dng ion H+ trong dung dch HCl v
H2SO4 long H2
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
- Tc dng mnh vi dung dch HNO3 long,
HNO3 c, nng v H2SO4 c, nng.
t0
Al + 4HNO
3 (loang) Al(NO3)3 +NO+2H2O
t0
2Al + 6H
2SO4 (ac) Al2(SO4)3 +3SO2+6H2O
- Nhm b th ng ho bi dung dch HNO3

c, ngui hoc H2SO4 c ngui.
3. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi
- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng.
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c phn ng

ca Al vi nc xy ra trong iu kin no.
- GV ?: V sao cc vt lm bng Al li rt bn
vng vi nc ?
2Al + Fe
2O3
t0
Al2O3 +2Fe
4. Tc dng vi nc
- Ph b lp oxit trn b mt Al (hoc to
thnh hn hng Al-Hg th Al s phn ng vi
nc nit thng)
2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2
- Nhm khng phn ng vi nc d nhit
128
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
cao l v trn b mt ca nhm c ph
kn mt lp Al2O3 rt mng, bn v mn, khng
cho nc v kh thm qua.
5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim

- GV gii thiu v dn dt HS vit PTHH ca - Trc ht, lp bo v Al2O3 b ho tan trong
phn ng xy ra khi cho kim loi Al tc dng dung dch kim:
vi dung dch kim.
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1)
- Al kh nc:
2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 (2)
- Lp bo v Al(OH)3 b ho tan trong dung
dch kim
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O (3)
Cc phn ng (2) v (3) xy ra xen k nhau
cho n kh nhm b ho tan ht.
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
IV. NG DNG V TRNG THI THIN
NHIN
1. ng dng
Hot ng 3
- Dng lm vt liu ch to t, my bay, tn
- HS trnh by cc ng dng quan trng ca Al la, tu v tr.
v cho bit nhng ng dng da trn
- Dng trong xy dng nh ca, trang tr ni
nhng tnh cht vt l no ca nhm.
tht.
- Dng lm dy dn in, dng lm dng c
- GV b sung thm mt s ng dng khc ca nh bp.
nhm.
- Hn hp tecmit (Al + FexOy) thc hin
phn ng nhit nhm dng hn ng ray.
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c trng thi

thin nhin ca Al.
Hot ng 4
- HS nghin cu SGK bit Al trong cng
nghip c sn xut theo phng php no.
- GV ?: V sao trong cng nghip sn xut
Al ngi ta li s dng phng php in
phn nng chy m khng s dng cc
phng php khc ?
2. Trng thi thin nhin

t st (Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O), mica
(K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2), boxit (Al2O3.2H2O), criolit
(3NaF.AlF3),...
V. SN XUT NHM
Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut bng
phng php in phn Al2O3 nng chy.
1. Nguyn liu: Qung boxit Al2O3.2H2O c
ln tp cht l Fe2O3 v SiO2. Loi b tp cht
bng phng php ho hc Al2O3 gn nh
nguyn cht.
2. in phn nhm oxit nng chy
129
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Chun b cht in li nng chy: Ho tan

- GV ?: Nguyn liu c s dng sn xut Al2O3 trong criolit nng chy nhm h nhit
Al l g ? Nc ta c sn ngun nguyn liu
nng chy ca hn hp xung 9000 C v dn
hay khng ?
in tt, khi lng ring nh.
- Qu trnh in phn
- HS nghin cu SGK bit v sao phi ho
Al2O3 2Al3+ + 3O2K (-)
Al2O3 (no
ng cha
y)
A (+)
tan Al2O3 trong criolit nng chy ? Vic lm
3+
Al
O2ny nhm mc ch g ?
3+
22O
O2 +4e
- GV gii thiu s in phn Al 2O3 nng Al +3e Al
pnc
chy.
Phng trnh ien phan:
2Al2O3
4Al +3O2
Kh oxi nhit cao t chy cc
dng l cacbon, sinh ra hn hp kh CO v
- GV ?: V sao sau mt thi gian in phn, CO2. Do vy trong qu trnh in phn phi
ngi ta phi thay th in cc dng ?
h thp dn dn cc dng.
to
4. CNG C: Tnh cht ha hc ca nhm l g? Ly cc phn ng khc minh ha.

VI. DN D: Xem trc phn cn li ca bi: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
130
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 48:
GV:
Bi 27: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM (Tit 2)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit tnh cht v ng dng ca mt s hp cht ca nhm.
2. K nng: Tin hnh c mt s th nghim v hp cht quan trong ca nhm v gii c
mt s bi tp lin quan n tnh cht hp cht ca nhm.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht v ng dng ca mt s hp cht ca nhm.
III. CHUN B: Cc ho cht v dng c th nghim c lin quan.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Trnh by cc giai on sn xut nhm. Vit phng trnh phn ng minh
ho.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt s
tnh cht vt l ca nhm oxit.
- HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng

chng minh Al2O3 l hp cht lng tnh.
NI DUNG
CA NHM
I. NHM OXIT
1. Tnh cht
* Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, khng
tan trong nc v khng tc dng vi nc, tnc
> 20500C.
* Tnh cht ho hc: L oxit lng tnh.
- Tc dng vi dung dch axit
Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2O
- Tc dng vi dung dch kim
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
natri aluminat
Al2O3 + 2OH 2AlO2 + H2O
2. ng dng: Nhm oxit tn ti di dng

ngm nc v dng khan.
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt s ng - Dng ngm nc l thnh phn ca yu ca
dng ca nhm oxit.
qung boxit (Al2O3.2H2O) dng sn xut
131
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
nhm.
- Dng oxit khan, c cu to tinh th qu,
hay gp l:
- Corinon: Dng tinh th trong sut, khng
mu, rt rn, c dng ch to mi,
giy nhm,...
- Trong tinh th Al2O3, nu mt s ion Al3+
c thay bng ion Cr3+ ta c hng ngc dng
lm trang sc, chn knh ng h, dng
trong k thut laze.
- Tinh th Al2O3 c ln tp cht Fe2+, Fe3+ v
Ti4+ ta c saphia dng lm trang sc.
- Bt nhm oxit dng trong cng nghip sn
xut cht xc tc cho tng hp hu c.
II. NHM HIROXIT
* Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, kt
ta dng keo.
Hot ng 2
- HS biu din th nghim iu ch Al(OH)3,
sau cho HS quan st Al(OH)3 va iu ch
c.
- HS nhn xt v trng thi, mu sc ca
Al(OH)3.
* Tnh cht ho hc: L hiroxit lng tnh.

- Tc dng vi dung dch axit
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O
- Tc dng vi dung dch kim
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
natri aluminat
Al(OH)3 + OH AlO2 + 2H2O
- GV biu din th nghim ho tan Al(OH)3

trong dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH.
- HS quan st hin tng xy ra, vit phng
trnh phn t v phng trnh ion ca phn
ng.
III. NHM SUNFAT

- Mui nhm sunfat khan tan trong nc
vlm dung dch nng ln do b hirat ho.
- Phn chua: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay
KAl(SO4)2.12H2O c dng trong ngnh
thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu
trong cng nghip nhum vi, cht lm trong
nc,...
- Phn nhm: M2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O (M+ l
Na+; Li+, NH4+)
Hot ng 3: HS nghin cu SGK bit

c mt s ng dng quan trng ca nhm
sunfat.
- GV ?: Trn s s tnh cht ca mt s hp

cht ca nhm, theo em chng minh s c
mt ca ion Al3+ trong mt dung dch no
th ta c th lm nh th no ?
IV. CCH NHN BIT ION Al3+ TRONG

DUNG DCH
Cho t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch th
nghim, nu thy kt ta keo xut hin ri tan
trong NaOH d c ion Al3+.
132
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Al3+ + 3OH Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + OH (d) AlO2 + 2H2O
4. CNG C:
1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng thc hin dy chuyn i sau:
Al
(1)
AlCl3
(2)
Al(OH)3
(3)
NaAlO2
(4)
Al(OH)3
(5)
Al2O3
(6)
Al
2. C 2 l khng nhn ng dung dch AlCl3 v dung dch NaOH. Khng dng thm cht no
khc, lm th no nhn bit mi ho cht ?
3. Pht biu no di y l ng ?
A. Nhm l mt kim loi lng tnh.
B. Al(OH)3 l mt baz lng tnh.
C. Al2O3 l oxit trung tnh.
D. Al(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh.
4. Trong nhng cht sau, cht no khng c tnh lng tnh ?
A. Al(OH)3 B. Al2O3
C. ZnSO4 D. NaHCO3
5. C 4 mu bt kim loi l Na, Al, Ca, Fe. Ch dng nc lm thuc th th s kim loi c
th phn bit c ti a l bao nhiu ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
VI. DN D: XEM TRC BI LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA NHM V HP
CHT CA NHM.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
133
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 49:
GV:
LUYN TP
TNH CHT CA NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.
Bi 29:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Cng c h thng ho kin thc v nhm v hp cht ca nhm.
2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v nhm v hp cht ca nhm.
II. TRNG TM:
- Gii bi tp v nhm v hp cht ca nhm.
III. CHUN B: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Bng ph ghi mt s hng s vt l
quan trng ca nhm. My chiu.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Kt hp vi bi luyn tp.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
HS da vo kin thc hc v Al, Al2O3 v
Al(OH)3 chn p n ph hp.
NI DUNG
Bi 1: Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh
v nc l do
A. nhm l kim loi km hot ng.
B. c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo v.
C. c mng oxit Al(OH)3 bn vng bo v.
D. Nhm c tnh th ng vi khng kh v
nc.
Hot ng 2
HS da vo kin thc hc v Al chn
p n ph hp.
Bi 2: Nhm khng tan trong dung dch no

sau y ?
A. HCl
B. H2SO4
C. NaHSO4 D.
NH3
Hot ng 3
HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng,
sau da vo phng trnh phn ndung
dch tnh lng kim loi Al c trong hn
hp (theo p n th ch cn tnh c khi
Bi 3: Cho 31,2 gam hn hp bt Al v Al2O3

tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c
13,44 lt H2 (kc). Khi lng mi cht trong
hn hp ban u ln lt l
A. 16,2g v 15g
B. 10,8g v
134
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
lng ca mt trong 2 cht v khi lng ca
mi cht 4 p n l khc nhau)
GV:
20,4g
C. 6,4g v 24,8g
D. 11,2g v 20g
Gii
Al
nAl =
3
2
H2
2
2 13,44
nH2 = . 22,4 = 0,4 mol mAl =
3
3
0,4.27 = 10,8g p n B.
Hot ng 4: HS vn dng nhng kin thc

hc v nhm, cc hp cht ca nhm cng
nh tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca kim loi
nhm IA, IIA gii quyt bi ton.
Bi 4: Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn

bit cc cht trong nhng dy sau v vit
phng trnh ho hc gii thch.
a) cc kim loi: Al, Mg, Ca, Na.
b) Cc dung dch: NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3.
c) Cc cht bt: CaO, MgO, Al2O3.
Gii
a) H2O
b) dd Na2CO3 hoc dd NaOH
c) H2O
Bi 5: Vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch

cc hin tng xy ra khi
a) cho dung dch NH3 d vo dung dch AlCl3.
b) cho t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung
Hot ng 5:
- GV hng dn HS vit PTHH ca cc phn dch AlCl3.
c) cho t t dung dch Al2(SO4)3 vo dung dch
ng xy ra.
- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng, nu hin tng NaOH v ngc li.
d) sc t t kh n d kh CO2 vo dung dch
xy ra.
NaAlO2.
e) cho t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung
dch NaAlO2.
Bi 6: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi K v Al c
khi lng 10,5g. Ho tan hon ton hn hp
X trong nc thu c dung dch A. Thm t
Hot ng 6:
t dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A: lc
- GV t h thng cu hi pht vn:
u khng c kt ta, khi thm c 100 ml
+ Hn hp X c tan ht hay khng ? V sao
dung dch HCl 1M th bt u c kt ta. Tnh
hn hp X li tan c trong nc ?
% s mol mi kim loi trong X.
+ V sao khi thm dung dch HCl vo dung
Gii
dch A th ban u cha c kt ta xut hin,
Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca K v Al.
nhng sau kt ta li xut hin ?
39x + 27y = 10,5 (a)
- HS tr li cc cu hi v gii quyt bi ton
di s hng dn ca GV.
2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 (1)
x
x
135
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O 2KAlO2 + 3H2 (2)
y y
Do X tan ht nn Al ht, KOH d sau phn
ng (2). Khi thm HCl ban u cha c kt
ta v:
HCl + KOHd HCl + H2O (3)
xy
x y
Khi HCl trung ho ht KOH d th bt u c
kt ta.
KAlO2 + HCl + H2O Al(OH)3 + KCl (4)
Vy trung ho KOH d cn 100 ml dung
dch HCl 1M.
Ta c: nHCl = nKOH(d sau p (2)) = x y = 0,1.1 =
0,1 (b)
T (a) v (b): x = 0,2, y = 0,1.
%nK =
0,2.100
0,3
= 66,67% %nAl = 33,33%
4. CNG C:
1. Pht biu no sau y l ng khi ni v Al2O3 ?
A. Al2O3 c sinh ra khi nhit phn mui Al(NO3)3. B. Al2O3 b kh bi CO nhit
cao.
C. Al2O3 tan c trong dung dch NH3.
D. Al2O3 l oxit khng to
mui.
2. C cc dung dch: KNO3, Cu(NO3)2, FeCl3, AlCl3, NH4Cl. Ch dng ho cht no sau y
c th nhn bit c tt c cc dung dch trn ?
A. dung dch NaOH d. B. dung dch AgNO3C. dung dch Na2SO4
D. dung
dch HCl
3. Ho tan hon ton m gam bt Al vo dung dch HNO3 d ch thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh
X gm NO v N2O (kc) c t l mol l 1:3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 24,3
B. 42,3
C. 25,3
D. 25,7
4. Trn 24g Fe2O3 vi 10,8g Al ri nung nhit cao (khng c khng kh). Hn hp thu
c sau phn ng em ho tan vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 5,376 lt kh (kc). Hiu
sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 12,5%
B. 60%
C. 80%
D. 90%
VI. DN D:
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
136
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 50:
GV:
THC HNH
TNH CHT CA NATRI, MAGIE, NHM
V HP CHT CA CHNG
Bi 30:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Cng c kin thc hc v tnh cht ho hc c trng ca natri, magie, nhm v hp
cht quan trng ca chng.
+ So snh phn ng ca Na, Mg, Al vi nc.
+ Al tc dng vi dung dch kim.
+ Al(OH)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, H2SO4 long.
2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim thc hnh nh lm vic vi ho cht, vi dng
c th nghim, k nng lm th nghim vi lng nh ho cht.
3. Thi : Nghim tc khi tip xc vi cc ho cht c hi.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- Dng c: ng ngim + gi ng nghim + cc thu tinh + n cn.
- Ho cht: Cc kim loi: Na, Mg, Al; cc dung dch: NaOH, AlCl 3, NH3, phenolphtalein.
2. Hc sinh:
+ Chun b ni dung thc hnh
STT
Tn th nghim
Cch tin hnh
Hin tng
PTPGii thch
1
2
3
III. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh th nghim di s hng dn ca gio vin.

IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bc thc hnh.
- GV: Nu mc tiu, yu cu ca tit thc
hnh, nhng lu cn thit, th d nh phn
NI DUNG
137
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
ng gia Na vi nc, khng c dng

nhiu Na, dng ng nghim cha gn y
nc.
- GV c th tin hnh mt s tnh cht mu
cho HS quan st.
Hot ng 2
- Thc hin th nghim nh SGK.
- GV hng dn HS lm th nghim, quan st
hin tng xy ra.
Th nghim 1: So snh kh nng phn ng

ca Na, Mg, Al vi H2O.
Th nghim 2: Nhm tc dng vi dung

dch kim.
Hot ng 3
hin tng xy ra.
Th nghim 3: Tnh cht lng tnh ca

Al(OH)3.
Hot ng 4
hin tng xy ra.
II. Vit tng trnh:
Hot ng 5: Cng vic sau bui thc hnh.

- GV: Nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh, yu
cu HS vit tng trnh.
- HS: Thu dn ho cht, v sinh PTN.
VI. DN D: Tit sau kim tra vit.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
138
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
CHNG 7: ST V MT S KIM LOI QUAN TRNG

Tit 52:
Bi 31:
ST
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Gip HS bit
- V tr, cu to nguyn t ca st.
- Tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca st.
2. K nng:
- Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca st.
- Gii c cc bi tp v st.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht ho hc ca st.
III. CHUN B:
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
- Dng c, ho cht: bnh kh O2 v bnh kh Cl2 (iu ch trc), dy st, inh st, dung dch
H2SO4 long, dung dch CuSO4, ng nghim, n cn, gi th nghim, kp st,
IV. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV dng bng HTTH v yu cu HS
xc nh v tr ca Fe trong bng tun
hon.
- HS vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe2+,
Fe3+; suy ra tnh cht ho hc c bn ca
st.
NI DUNG
- th 26, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4.
- Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay
[Ar]3d64s2
St d nhng 2 electron phn lp 4s tr thnh
ion Fe2+ v c th nhng thm 1 electron phn
lp 3d tr thnh ion Fe3+.
II. TNH CHT VT L: L kim loi mu trng
hi xm, c khi lng ring ln (d = 8,9 g/cm3),
nng chy 15400C. St c tnh dn in, dn nhit
139
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c
nhng tnh cht vt l c bn ca st.
GV:
tt v c tnh nhim t.
III. TNH CHT HO HC

C tnh kh trung bnh.
Vi cht oxi ho yu: Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Hot ng 2
Vi cht oxi ho mnh: Fe Fe3+ + 3e
- HS bit c tnh cht ho hc c
bn ca st nn GV yu cu HS xc nh a) Tc dng vi lu hunh
0
0 t0 +2 -2
xem khi no th st th oxi ho thnh Fe2+,
Fe
+
S
FeS
khi no th b oxi ho thnh Fe3+ ?
b) Tc dng vi oxi
0
- HS tm cc th d minh ho cho tnh

cht ho hc c bn ca st.
- GV biu din cc th nghim:
+ Fe chy trong kh O2.
+ Fe chy trong kh Cl2.
+ Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl v
H2SO4 long.
- HS quan st cc hin tng xy ra. Vit
PTHH ca phn ng.
- GV yu cu HS hon thnh cc PTHH:
+ Fe + HNO3 (l)
+ Fe + HNO3 ()
+ Fe + H2SO4 ()
3Fe + 2O2
t0 +8/3 -2
+2
+3
Fe3O4 (FeO.Fe2O3)
c) Tc dng vi clo
0
2Fe + 3Cl2
t0
+3 -1
2FeCl3
2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit

a) Vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long
0
+1
Fe + H
2SO4
+2
FeSO4 + H2
b) Vi dung dch HNO3 v H2SO4 c, nng

5
6
Fe kh N hoc S trong HNO3 hoc H2SO4 c,
nng n s oxi ho thp hn, cn Fe b oxi ho
3
thnh Fe .
0
+5
Fe + 4HNO3 (loa
ng)
+3
+2
Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
- Fe b th ng bi cc axit HNO3 c, ngui hoc

H2SO4 c, ngui.
3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui
0
+2
Fe + CuSO
4
+2
FeSO4 + Cu
- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng: Fe + 4. Tc dng vi nc

t0 <5700C
CuSO4
3Fe + 4H2O
Fe3O4 + 4H2O
Fe + H2O
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c iu

kin phn ng gia Fe v H2O xy ra.
t0 >5700C
FeO + H2O
IV. TRNG THI THIN NHIN

- Chim khong 5% khi lng v tri t, ng
hng th hai trong cc kim loi (sau Al).
- Trong t nhin st ch yu tn ti di dng hp
cht c trong cc qung: qung manhetit (Fe3O4),
qung hematit (Fe2O3), qung hematit nu
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c trng (Fe2O3.nH2O), qung xierit (FeCO3), qung pirit
140
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
thi thin nhin ca st.
GV:
(FeS2).
- C trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu.
- C trong cc thin thch.
4. CNG C:
1. Cc kim loi no sau y u phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 ?
A. Na, Mg, Ag.
B. Fe, Na, Mg
C. Ba, Mg, Hg.
D. Na, Ba, Ag
3+
2. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe ?
A. [Ar]3d6
B. [Ar]3d5
C. [Ar]3d4
D. [Ar]3d3
3. Cho 2,52g mt kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 6,84g mui
sunfat. Kim loi l
A. Mg
B. Zn
C. Fe
D. Al
4. Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50g trong dung dch HCl. Sau khi thu c 336 ml H2
(kc) thi khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi l
A. Zn
B. Fe
C. Al
D. Ni
VI. DN D:
1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 141 (SGK)
2. Xem trc bi HP CHT CA ST
VII. RT KINH NGHIM :
141
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 53 :
GV:
LUYN TP: ST
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS hiu:
- V sao st thng c s oxi ho +2 v +3.
2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp v hp cht ca st.
II. TRNG TM:
- Gii cc bi tp v st.
III. CHUN B: Cc bi tp c lin quan n st v hp cht ca st.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp vi bi luyn tp
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1: HS tr li cu hi.
NI DUNG
Bi 1: Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe2+ v
Fe3+. T hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc c
bn ca st l g ?
Bi 2: Hon thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng

- HS vn dng cc kin thc hc hon
theo s sau:
(1)
FeCl2
thnh PTHH ca cc phn ng theo s bn.
- GV quan st, theo di, gip HS hon
(2)
Fe
(3) (4)
thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng.
(6)
(5)
FeCl3
Gii
(1) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
(2) FeCl2 + Mg MgCl2 + Fe
(3) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3
(4) 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2
(5) 2FeCl3 + 3Mg 3MgCl2 + 2Fe
(6) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
Bi 3: in CTHH ca cc cht vo nhng
142
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Hot ng 2
- HS da vo cc kin thc hc hon
thnh cc phn ng.
- GV lu HS phn ng (d) c nhiu phng
trnh phn t nhng c cng chung phng
trnh ion thu gn.
GV:
ch trng v lp cc PTHH sau:
a) Fe + H2SO4 (c) SO2 +
b) Fe + HNO3 (c) NO2 +
c) Fe + HNO3 (long) NO +
Gii
a) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2
+ 6H2O
b) Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
c) Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
Hot ng 3
Bi 4: Mt hn hp bt gm Al, Fe, Cu. Hy

- HS da vo tnh cht ho hc c trng ring trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring
bit ca mi kim loi hon thnh s tng kim loi t hn hp . Vit PTHH ca
tch. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra cc phn ng.
Gii
trong qu trnh tch.
Al, Fe, Cu
dd HCl d
Cu
AlCl3, FeCl2, HCl d

NaOH d
Fe(OH)2
O2 + H2O t0
Fe(OH)3
t0
Fe2O3
CO t0
Fe

VI. DN D: Xem trc bi tip theo
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
143
NaAlO2, NaOHd
CO2 d
Al(OH)3
t0
Al2O3
pnc
Al
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 54: Bi 32:
GV:
HP CHT CA ST
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
* HS bit:
- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v hp cht st (III).
- Cch iu ch Fe(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3.
* HS hiu: Nguyn nhn tnh kh ca hp cht st (II) v tnh oxi ho ca hp cht st (III).
2. K nng:
- T cu to nguyn t, phn t v mc oxi ho suy ra tnh cht.
- Gii c cc bi tp v hp cht ca st.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v hp cht st (III).
III. CHUN B: inh st, mu dy ng, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, dung dch FeCl3.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: khng kim tra
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
I. HP CHT ST (II)
Hot ng 1:
Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l
- GV ?: Em hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc tnh kh.
c bn ca hp cht st (II) l g ? V sao ?
Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e
1. St (II) oxit
- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca st (II) a. Tnh cht vt l: (SGK)
oxit.
b. Tnh cht ho hc
+2
+5
+3
+2
t0
- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng biu din
3FeO + 10HNO
3 (loang) 3Fe(NO3)3 +NO+5H2O
tnh kh ca FeO.
3FeO + 10H+ + NO3 3Fe3+ + NO + 5H2O
c. iu ch
- GV gii thiu cch iu ch FeO.
Fe2O3 + CO
144
t0
2FeO +CO2
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. St (II) hiroxit
- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca st (II) a. Tnh cht vt l : (SGK)
hiroxit.
b. Tnh cht ho hc
Th nghim: Cho dung dch FeCl2 + dung dch
- GV biu din th nghim iu ch
NaOH
Fe(OH)2.
FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
- HS quan st hin tng xy ra v gii
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
thch v sao kt ta thu c c mu trng
c. iu ch: iu ch trong iu kin khng c
xanh ri chuyn dn sang mu nu .
khng kh.
3. Mui st (II)
a. Tnh cht vt l : a s cc mui st (II) tan
- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca mui
trong nc, khi kt tinh thng dng ngm
st (II).
nc.
- HS ly th d minh ho cho tnh cht Th d: FeSO4.7H2O; FeCl2.4H2O
ho hc ca hp cht st (II).
b. Tnh cht ho hc
+2
2FeCl2 + Cl2
+3 -1
2FeCl3
- GV gii thiu phng php iu ch mui

c. iu ch: Cho Fe (hoc FeO; Fe(OH)2) tc
st (II).
dng vi HCl hoc H2SO4 long.
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
FeO + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2O
- GV ?: V sao dung dch mui st (II) iu
- Dung dch mui st (II) iu ch c phi
ch c phi dng ngay ?
dng ngay v trong khng kh s chuyn dn
thnh mui st (III).
II. HP CHT ST (III)
Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca hp cht st
Hot ng 2
- GV ?: Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp (III) l tnh oxi ho.3+
Fe + 1e Fe2+
cht st (III) l g ? V sao ?
Fe3+ + 2e Fe
1. St (III) oxit
- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Fe2O3. a. Tnh cht vt l: (SGK)
b. Tnh cht ho hc
- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng chng - Fe2O3 l oxit baz
Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
minh Fe2O3 l mt oxit baz.
Fe2O3 + 6H+ 2Fe3+ + 3H2O
- Tc dng vi CO, H2
Fe2O3 + 3CO
- GV gii thiu phn ng nhit phn

Fe(OH)3 iu ch Fe2O3.
t0
2Fe +3CO2
c. iu ch
2Fe(OH)3
t0
Fe2O3 + 3H
2O
- Fe3O3 c trong t nhin di dng qung

- HS tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca Fe(OH) 3 hematit dng luyn gang.
145
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
trong SGK.
2. St (III) hiroxit
- Fe(OH)3 l cht rn, mu nu , khng tan
- GV ?: Chng ta c th iu ch trong nc, d tan trong dung dch axit to thnh
Fe(OH)3bng phn ng ho hc no ?
dung dch mui st (III).
2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca mui - iu ch: dung dch kim + dung dch mui st
st (III).
(III).
FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
3. Mui st (III)
- GV biu din th nghim:
- a s cc mui st (III) tan trong nc, khi kt
+ Fe + dung dch FeCl3.
tinh thng dng ngm nc.
+ Cu + dung dch FeCl3.
Th d: FeCl3.6H2O; Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O
- HS quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit - Mui st (III) c tnh oxi ho, d b kh thnh
PTHH ca phn ng.
mui st (II)
0
+3
Fe + 2FeCl
3
+3
Cu + 2FeCl
3
+2
+2
3FeCl2
+2
CuCl2 +2FeCl2
4. CNG C:
1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn i sau:
FeS2
(1)
Fe2O3
(2)
FeCl3
(3)
Fe(OH)3
(4)
(5)
Fe2O3
FeO
(6)
FeSO4
(7)
Fe
2. Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt H2 (kc), dung dch thu c
cho bay hi c tinh th FeSO4.7H2O c khi lng l 55,6g. Th tch kh H2 gii phng
l
A. 8,19
B. 7,33
C. 4,48
D. 3,23
3. Kh hon ton 16g Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Khi i ra sau phn ng c dn
vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng (g) kt ta thu c l
A. 15
B. 20
C. 25
D. 30
VI. DN D:
2. Xem trc bi HP KIM CA ST
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
146
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 55:
Bi 33:
GV:
HP KIM CA ST
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit
- Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca gang, thp.
- Nguyn tc v quy trnh sn xut gang, thp.
2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp lin quan n gang, thp.
II. TRNG TM:
- Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca gang, thp.
III. CHUN B: inh st, mu dy ng, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, dung dch FeCl 3.
My chiu.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v st (III) l g ? Dn ra
cc PTHH minh ho.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
I. GANG
1. Khi nim: Gang l hp kim ca st v
cacbon trong c t 2 5% khi lng
cacbon, ngoi ra cn c mt lng nh cc
nguyn t Si, Mn, S,
Hot ng 1
- Gang l g ?
- C my loi gang ?
- GV b sung, sa cha nhng ch cha chnh
xc trong nh ngha v phn loi v gang ca
HS.
2. Phn loi: C 2 loi gang

a) Gang xm: Cha cacbon dng than ch.
Gngms c dng c b my, ng dn
nc, cnh ca,
b) Gang trng
- Gang trng cha t cacbon hn v ch yu
dng xementit (Fe3C).
- Gang trng (c mu sng hn gang xm)
c dng luyn thp.
147
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 2
- GV nu nguyn tc sn xut gang.
- GV thng bo cc qung st thng dung
sn xut gang l: hematit (Fe 2O3), hematit
nu (Fe2O3.nH2O) v manhetit (Fe3O4).
3. Sn xut gang
a) Nguyn tc: Kh qung st oxit bng than
cc trong l cao.
b) Nguyn liu: Qung st oxit (thng l
hematit Fe2O3), than cc v cht chy
(CaCO3 hoc SiO2).
c) Cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu
trnh luyn qung thnh gang
- GV dng hnh v 7.2 trang 148 gii thiu - Phn ng to cht kh CO
t0
v cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong l cao.
C +O2
CO2
- HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong
0
t
CO2 +C
2CO
l cao.
- Phn ng kh oxit st
- Phn trn thn l (4000C)
3Fe2O3 +CO
t0
2Fe3O4 + CO2
- Phn gia thn l (500 6000C)

Fe3O4 +CO
t0
3FeO + CO
2
- Phn di thn l (700 8000C)

FeO +CO
t0
Fe + CO
2
- Phn ng to x (1000 C)
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3
d) S to thnh gang (SGK)
II. THP
1. Khi nim: Thp l hp kim ca st cha
t 0,01 2% khi lng cacbon cng vi mt
s nguyn t khc (Si, Mn, Cr, Ni,)
Hot ng 3
+ Thp l g ?
+ C my loi thp ?
- GV b sung, sa cha nhng ch cha chnh
xc trong nh ngha v phn loi v thp ca
HS v thng bo thm: Hin nay c ti 8000
chng loi thp khc nhau. Hng nm trn th
gii tiu th c 1 t tn gang thp.
2. Phn loi
a) Thp thng (thp cacbon)
- Thp mm: Cha khng qu 0,1%C. Thp
mm d gia cng, c dng kp si,, cn
thnh thp l dng ch to cc vt dng trong
i sng v xy dng nh ca.
- Thp cng: Cha trn 0,9%C, c dng
ch to cc cng c, cc chi tit my nh cc
vng bi, v xe bc thp,
b) Thp c bit: a thm vo mt s
nguyn t lm cho thp c nhng tnh cht c
bit.
- Thp cha 13% Mn rt cng, c dng
148
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
lm my nghin .
- Thp cha khong 20% Cr v 10% Ni rt
cng v khng g, c dng lm dng c gia
nh (tha, dao,), dng c y t.
- Thp cha khong 18% W v 5% Cr rt
cng, c dng ch to my ct, gt nh
my phay, my nghin ,
3. Sn xut thp
a) Nguyn tc: Gim hm lng cc tp cht
C, Si, S, Mn,c trong thnh phn gang bng
cch oxi ho cc tp cht thnh oxit ri
bin thnh x v tch khi thp.
b) Cc phng php luyn gang thnh thp
- Phng php Bet-x-me
- Phng php Mac-tanh
- Phng php l in
Hot ng 3
- GV nu nguyn tc ca vic sn xut thp.
- GV dng s gii thiu cc phng
php luyn thp, phn tch u v nhc im
ca mi phng php.
- GV cung cp thm cho HS: Khu lin hp
gang thp Thi Nguyn c 3 l luyn gang, 2
l Mac-cp-nhi-cp-tanh v mt s l in
luyn thp.
4. CNG C:
1. Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao.
2. Nu cc phng php luyn thp v u nhc im ca mi phng php.
3. Kh hon ton 17,6g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4,Fe2O3 n Fe cn va 2,24 lt CO
(kc). Khi lng st thu c l
A. 15
B. 16
C. 17
D. 18
VI. DN D:
2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA ST
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
149
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Tit 56: LUYN TP: HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA ST

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS hiu:
- V sao tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh, ca hp cht st (III) l
tnh oxi ho.
2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp v hp cht ca st.
II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp c lin quan n st v hp cht ca st.
III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan.
IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- HS da vo cc kin thc hc hon
thnh cc phn ng.
- GV lu HS phn ng (d) c nhiu phng
trnh phn t nhng c cng chung phng
trnh ion thu gn.
NI DUNG
Bi 1: in CTHH ca cc cht vo nhng
ch trng v lp cc PTHH sau:
a) FeO + H2SO4 (c) SO2 +
b) Fe3O4 + HNO3 (c) NO2 +
c) FeO + HNO3 (long) NO +
d) FeS + HNO3 NO + Fe2(SO4)3 +
e) Fe2O3 +.... Fe
f) FeS2 + O2
Gii
a) 2FeO + 4H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2
+ 4H2O
b) Fe3O4 + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 +
5H2O
c) 3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO +
5H2O
d) FeS + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + NO +
Fe(NO3)3 + H2O
e) Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
150
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
f) 4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Hot ng 2
- GV t cu hi: Cc kim loi trong mi cp
c s ging v khc nhau nh th no v mt
tnh cht ho hc ?
- HS phn bit mi cp kim loi da vo tnh
cht ho hc c bn ca chng.
Hot ng 3:
- HS t gii quyt bi ton.
- GV: nhn xt, nh gi
Bi 2: Bng phng php ho hc, hy phn

bit 3 mu hp kim sau: Al Fe, Al Cu v
Cu Fe.
Gii
- Cho 3 mu hp kim trn tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH, mu no khng thy si bt kh l
mu Cu Fe.
- Cho 2 mu cn li vo dung dch HCl d,
mu no tan ht l mu Al Fe, mu no
khng tan ht l mu Al Cu.
Bi 3: Bit 2,3g hn hp gm MgO, CuO v
FeO tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch
H2SO4 0,2M. Khi lng mui thu c l
A. 3,6g
B. 3,7g
C. 3,8g
D. 3,9g
Gii
nH2SO4 = 0,02 (mol)
mmui = 2,3 + 0,02(96 16) = 3,9g

VI. DN D: Chun b bi luyn tp
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
151
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Tit 57: LUYN TP: HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA ST

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS hiu:
- V sao st thng c s oxi ho +2 v +3.
- V sao tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh, ca hp cht st (III) l
tnh oxi ho.
2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp v st v hp cht ca st.
II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp c lin quan n st v hp cht ca st.
III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan.
IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: Kt hp vi bi luyn tp.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1
Bi 1: Hon thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng
- HS vn dng cc kin thc hc hon
theo s sau:
thnh PTHH ca cc phn ng theo s bn.
(1) FeCl2
(5) Fe(OH)2
(2)
Fe
(7)
thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng.
(3)
(4)
FeCl3
(6)
Fe (OH)3
Gii
(1) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
(2) FeCl2 + Mg MgCl2 + Fe
(3) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
(4) 2FeCl3 + 3Mg 3MgCl2 + 2Fe
(5) FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
(6) FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
(7) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
152
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 2: HS t gii quyt bi ton.
- HS t gii quyt bi ton.

- GV: nhn xt, nh gi.
Bi 2: Cho mt t bt Fe nguyn cht tc dng

vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 560 ml
mt cht kh (kc). Nu cho mt lng gp i
bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch
CuSO4 d th thu c mt cht rn. Tnh
khi lng ca st dng trong hai trng
hp trn v khi lng cht rn thu c.
Gii
- Fe + dung dch H2SO4 long:
nFe = nH2 = 0,025 (mol) mFe = 0,025.56 =
1,4g
- Fe + dung dch CuSO4
nFe = 0,025.2 = 0,05 (mol) mFe = 0,05.56 =
2,8g
nFe = nCu = 0,05.64 = 3,2g
Bi 3: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c
tng s ht proton, ntron v electron l 82,
trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 22. Nguyn t X l
A. Fe
B. Br
C. P
D.
Cr
Gii
2Z N 82
2Z N 22

VI. DN D: Xem trc bi CROM V HP CHT CA CROM
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
153
Z = 26 Fe
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Tit 58: Bi 34: CROM V HP CHT CA CROM

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit:
- V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca crom.
- Tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca crom.
2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng biu din tnh cht ho hc ca crom v hp cht
ca crom.
II. TRNG TM:
- Tnh cht ha hc ca crom v cc hp cht ca crom.
III. CHUN B:
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. My chiu
- Dng c, ho cht: Chn s, gi th nghim, kp ng nghim, n cn.
- Tinh th K2Cr2O7, dung dch CrCl3, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, tinh th (NH4)2Cr2O7
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1
- GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc
nh v tr ca Cr trong bng tun hon.
- HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Cr.
- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Cr trong
SGK theo s hng dn ca GV.
NI DUNG
I. V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON,
CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
- 24, nhm VIB, chu k 4.
- Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay
[Ar]3d54s1.
II. TNH CHT VT L
- Crom l kim loi mu trng bc, c khi
lng ring ln (d = 7,2g/cm3), t0nc = 18900C.
154
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- L kim loi cng nht, c th rch c thu
tinh.
III. TNH CHT HO HC

Hot ng 2
- L kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st.
- GV gii thiu v tnh kh ca kim loi Cr so - Trong cc hp cht crom c s oxi ho t +1
vi Fe v cc mc oxi ho hay gp ca crom. +6 (hay gp +2, +3 v +6).
t0
- HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim
4Cr + 3O
2Cr2O3
2
loi Cr vi cc phi kim O2, Cl2, S
0
t
2Cr + 3Cl
2
2CrCl3
t0
- HS nghin cu SGK tr li cu hi sau:

2Cr + 3S Cr2S3
V sao Cr li bn vng vi nc v khng
2. Tc dng vi nc
kh ?
Cr bn vi nc v khng kh do c lp mng
oxit rt mng, bn bo v m crom ln st
- HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim
bo v st v dng Cr ch to thp
loi Cr vi cc axit HCl v H2SO4 long.
khng g.
3. Tc dng vi axit
Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2
Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2
- Cr khng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 hoc
H2SO4 c, ngui.
Hot ng 3
- HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt
l ca Cr2O3.
- HS dn ra cc PTHH chng minh Cr2O3
th hin tnh cht lng tnh.
- HS nghin cu SGK bit tnh cht vt l
ca Cr(OH)3.
- GV ?: V sao hp cht Cr3+ va th hin tnh
kh, va th hin tnh oxi ho ?
- HS dn ra cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh
cht ca hp cht Cr3+.
IV. HP CHT CA CROM

1. Hp cht crom (III)
a) Crom (III) oxit Cr2O3
- Cr2O3 l cht rn, mu lc thm, khng tan
trong nc.
- Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH (c) 2NaCrO2 + H2O
Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2
b) Crom (III) hiroxit Cr(OH)3
- Cr(OH)3 l cht rn, mu lc xm, khng tan
trong nc.
- Cr(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O
Cr(OH)3+ 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O
- Tnh kh v tnh oxi ho: Do c s oxi ho
trung gian nn trong dung dch va c tnh oxi
ho (mi trng axit) va c tnh kh (trong
mi trng baz)
2CrCl3 + Zn 2CrCl2 + ZnCl2
2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+
155
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 4
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht
vt l ca CrO3.
- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia CrO 3 vi
H2O.
- HS nghin cu SGK vit PTHH ca phn

ng gia K2Cr2O7 vi FeSO4 trong mi trng
axit.
2NaCrO2 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH 2Na2CrO4 +

6NaBr + 4H2O
2CrO2 + 3Br2 + 8OH 2CrO24 + 6Br +
4H2O
2. Hp cht crom (VI)
a) Crom (VI) oxit CrO3
- CrO3 l cht rn mu thm.
- L mt oxit axit
CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 (axit cromic)
2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 (axit icromic)
- C tnh oxi ho mnh: Mt s cht hu c v
v c (S, P, C, C2H5OH) bc chy khi tip xc
vi CrO3.
b) Mui crom (VI)
- L nhng hp cht bn.
+ Na2CrO4 v K2CrO4 c mu vng (mu ca
ion CrO24 )
+ Na2Cr2O7 v K2Cr2O7 c mu da cam (mu
ca ion Cr2O27 )
- Cc mui cromat v icromat c tnh oxi ho
mnh.
+6
+2
K 2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO
4 + 7H
2SO4
+3
+3
3Fe2(SO4)3 +Cr2(SO4)3 +K 2SO4 +7H2O
- Trong dung dch ca ion Cr2O27 lun c c

ion CrO24 trng thi cn bng vi nhau:
Cr2O72- + H2O
4. CNG C: yu cu HS nu tnh cht ha hc ca crom

VI. DN D: Xem trc bi luyn t p.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM
156
2CrO24- +2H+
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 59:
GV:
LUYN TP
TNH CHT HO HC CA CROM
V HP CHT CA CHNG
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS bit:
- Cu hnh electron bt thng ca nguyn t Cr, Cu.
- V sao ng c s oxi ho +1 v +2, cn crom c s oxi ho t +1 n + 6.
2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn ca cc phn ng th
hin tnh cht ho hc ca Cr v Cu.
II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp luyn tp.
III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + hot ng nhm.
IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp vi bi luyn tp.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
Hot ng 1:
- Gv: Chia lp thnh 4 nhm; Pht phiu
hc tp cho hc sinh:
+ BT1a: Nhm 1
+ BT1b: Nhm 2
+ BT2: Nhm 3
+ BT3: Nhm 4
- GV pht phiu hc tp
Hot ng 2:
NI DUNG
I. KIN THC CN NM VNG:SGK

157
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Gv pht vn hc sinh v ni dung kin

thc hc
Hot ng 3
- HS vn dng kin thc hc lm bi
tp.
II. BI TP:
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn
ng trong s chuyn ho sau
a.
Cr
b. Cr
(1)
(1)
Cr2O3
Cr2O3
(2)
(2)
Cr2(SO4)3
Cr2(SO4)3
(3)
(3)
Cr(OH)3
Cr(OH)3
(4)
(4)
NaCrO2
Cr2O3
Bi 2. Khi un nng 2 mol natri icromat ngi

ta thu c 48g O2 v 1 mol Cr2O3. Hy vit
phng trnh phn ng v xem natri icromat
b nhit phn hon ton cha ?
- GV ?: Vi NaOH th kim loi no phn
ng ? Phn khng tan sau phn ng gia
hp kim v dung dch NaOH c thnh
phn nh th no ?
Bi 3: Khi cho 100g hp kim gm c Fe, Cr v

Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c
6,72 lt kh. Ly phn khng tan cho tc dng vi
dung dch HCl d (khng c khng kh) thu c
38,08 lt kh. Cc th tch kh o kc. Xc nh
% khi lng ca hp kim.
Gii
- Vi NaOH d: Ch c Al phn ng
Al
- GV ?: Phn khng tan tc dng vi dung

dch HCl th c phn ng no xy ra ?
- HS hon thnh cc phn ng v tnh ton
cc lng cht c lin quan.
- GV nhn xt nh gi
3
2
H2
2
2 6, 72
nH2 = .
= 0,2 (mol)
3
3 22, 4
0, 2.27
.100 = 5,4%
%Al =
100
nAl =
- Phn khng tan + dd HCl

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
a
a
Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2
b
b
56a 52 b 94, 6
%Fe =86,8%
a 1,55
38, 08
b 0,15
%Cr =7,8%
a b 22, 4
VI. DN D: TIT SAU KIM TRA VIT

VII. RT KINH NGHIM
158
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 61:
GV:
THC HNH
TNH CHT HO HC CA ST, CROM
V NHNG HP CHT CA CHNG
Bi 37:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Cng c kin thc v tnh cht ho hc quan trng ca st, crom, ng v mt s hp cht
ca chng.
- Tin hnh mt s th nghim c th:
+ iu ch FeCl2, Fe(OH)2.
+ Th tnh oxi ho ca K2Cr2O7
+ Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng.
2. K nng: Tip tc rn luyn k nng lm th nghim ho hc nh k nng lm vic vi cc
ho cht (rn, lng), vi dng c th nghim, un nng dung dch, k nng quan st, gii thch
cc hin tng ho hc,
3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn.
- Ho cht: Kim loi: Cu, inh st; Cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH, K2Cr2O7; H2SO4c.
2. Hc sinh: + Chun b ni dung thc hnh
STT
Tn th nghim
Cch tin hnh
1
2
3
159
Hin tng
PTPGii thch
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
III. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh cc th nghim theo nhm.

IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th
nghim.
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung
Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bui thc hnh.

GV: nu mc tiu, yu cu ca tit thc hnh,
n tp nhng kin thc c bn v st, crom,
ng, v phn ng oxi ho kh.
- Lm mu mt s th nghim.
HS: lng nghe, tip thu, chun b thc hnh.
Hot ng 2
HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK.
GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc
hin th nghim.
Th nghim 1: Tnh cht ha hc ca

K2Cr2O7
* Tin hnh: (SGK)
* Hin tng v gii thch:
- Dung dch lc u c mu da cam ca ion
Cr2O72- sau chuyn dn sang mu xanh ca
ion Cr3+.
K2Cr2O7 + 6 FeSO4 + 7 H2SO4
Cr2(SO4)3 +K2SO4 +3 Fe2(SO4)3 + 7 H2O.
- Kt lun: K2Cr2O7 c tnh oxi ha mnh ,

c bit trong mi trng axit, Cr+6 b kh
thnh ion Cr3+.
Th nghim 2: iu ch v th tnh cht ca
hiroxit st
* Tin hnh: (SGK)
Hot ng 3
GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc - Trong ng nghim (1) xut hin kt ta mu
hin th nghim.
trng xanh, ng nghim (2) xut hin kt ta
mu nu .
P:
FeSO4 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6 NaOH 2 Fe(OH)3 + 3
Na2SO4
- Dng a thu tinh ly nhanh tng loi kt

ta, sau nh tip vo mi ng nghim vi
160
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
git dung dch HCl.
- Trong ng nghim (1) kt ta tan dn, thu
c dung dch c mu lc nht ca FeCl2.
Trong ng nghim (2) kt ta tan dn to ra
dung dch c mu nu ca FeCl3.
* Kt lun: St (II) hidroxit v st (III) hidroxit
c tnh baz.
Th nghim 3: Tnh cht ha hc ca mui

Hot ng 4
st
GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc * Tin hnh: (SGK)
* Dung dch trong ng nghim chuyn dn t
hin th nghim.
mu vng sang mu nu sm v cui cng xut
hin kt ta tm en.
P:
2 FeCl3 + 2 KI 2 FeCl2 + 2 KCl + I2
* Kt lun: Mui Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha.

Th nghim 4: Tnh cht ha hc ca ng
Hot ng 5
* Tin hnh: (SGK)
GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc
- ng nghim (1) khng c p xy ra
hin th nghim.
- ng nghim (2) p ha hc cng khng xy
ra.
- ng nghim (3) sau mt thi gian ming
ng nghim c kh mu nu , dung dch c
mu xanh.
II. Vit tng trnh:
Hot ng 6:
HS: Vit tng trnh
GV: Nhn xt bui thc hnh.
HS: Dn dp phng th nghim
VI. DN D: XEM TRC BI: NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
161
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
CHNG 8:
Tit 62:
GV:
PHN BIT MT S CHT V C
LUYN TP
NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Bit nguyn tc nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch.
- Bit cch nhn bit cc cation: Na+, NH4 , Ba2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+.
- Bit cch nhn bit cc anion: NO3 , SO24 , Cl-, CO32
2. K nng: C k nng tin hnh th nghim nhn bit cc cation v anion trong dung
dch.
II. TRNG TM:
- Nguyn tc v cch nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch.
III. CHUN B:
- GV: H thng bi tp. My chiu
- HS: hc bi
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
- Hs hp tc nhm nh t gii quyt vn di s hng dn ca gv
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
nghim.
3. Bi mi:
162
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1
I. Kin thc cn nh:
- Gv pht vn hc sinh v ni dung kin thc
v in vo bng
a) Nhn bit mt s cation trong dung dch
Thuc th
Dung dch NaOH
Dung dch NH3
Dung dch H2SO4

long
Cation
NH4
2+
Ba
Al3+
x
Fe3+
x
2+
Fe
x
2+
Cu
b) Nhn bit mt s anion trong dung dch
Thuc th
Dung dch Ba(OH)2
Anion
x
x
x
x
Dung dch NH3
NO3
SO24
Cl
Dung dch H2SO4

long
x (Cu)
CO32
x
II. Bi tp:
Bi 1: Trnh by cch nhn bit cc ion trong cc
dung dch ring r sau: Ba2+, Fe3+, Cu2+.
Gii
Hot ng 2
- HS da vo phn ng c trng dng
nhn bit cc cation gii quyt bi ton.
thnh bi tp.
Ba2+, Fe3+, Cu2+

2-
tra
ng
2+
+dd SO4
kho
ng hie
n tng
3+
2+
Ba
Fe , Cu
na
u o
3+
Fe
+dd NH3 d
xanh, sau otan
2+
Cu
Bi 2: C 5 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng

- GV yu cu HS cho bit cc hin tng xy ng mt trong cc dung dch sau y (nng
khong 0,1M): NH4Cl, FeCl2, AlCl3, MgCl2,
ra khi cho t t dung dch NaOH vo mi
dung dch, t xem c th nhn bit c ti CuCl2. Ch dng dung dch NaOH nh t t vo
tng dung dch, c th nhn bit c ti da cc
a bao nhiu dung dch.
dung dch no sau y ?
A. Hai dung dch: NH4Cl, CuCl2.
B. Ba dung dch: NH4Cl, MgCl2, CuCl2.
C. Bn dung dch: NH4Cl, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2.
D. C 5 dung dch.
163
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Bi 3: C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng

ng mt trong cc dung dch sau (nng
khong 0,01M): NaCl, Na2CO3, KHSO4 v
- GV yu cu HS xc nh mi trng ca cc CH3NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng
dung dch.
vo 4 dung dch, quan st s thay i mu sc ca
- HS gii quyt bi ton.
n c th nhn bit c dy cc dung dch no ?
A. Dung dch NaCl.
B. Hai dung dch NaCl v KHSO4.
C. Hai dung dch KHSO4 v CH3NH2.
D. Ba dung dch NaCl, KHSO4 v Na2CO3
Bi 4: Hy phn bit hai dung dch ring r sau:
(NH4)2S v (NH4)2SO4 bng mt thuc th.
Gii
Cho mt mu giy lc tm dung dch Pb(NO3)2
vo 2 dung dch trn, dung dch no lm cho mu
giy lc chuyn sang mu en l dung dch
(NH4)2S.
(NH4)2S + Pb(NO3)2 PbS + 2NH4NO3
HS t gii quyt bi ton.
- Gv nhn xt, nh gi
4. CNG C: trong tng bi tp

VI. DN D:
1. HS v nh lm bt trong sgk
2. Chun b bi: LUYN TP NHN BIT MT S CHT KH.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
164
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
Tit 63:
GV:
LUYN TP
NHN BIT MT S CHT KH
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Bit nguyn tc chung nhn bit mt cht kh.
- Bit cch nhn bit cc cht kh CO2, SO2, H2S, NH3.
2. K nng: lm th nghim thc hnh nhn bit mt s cht kh.
II. TRNG TM:
- Nguyn tc chung v cch nhn bit cht kh.
III. CHUN B:
- HS: hc bi
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
nghim.
2. Kim tra bi c: C 3 dung dch, mi dung dch cha mt cation sau: Ba2+, Al3+, NH 4 .
Trnh by cch nhn bit chng.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
165
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hot ng 1
- Gv pht vn hc sinh v ni dung kin thc
v in vo bng
Nhn bit mt s cht kh
Kh
Phng php vt l
CO2
SO2
H2 S
Mi trng thi.
NH3
Mi khai.
Hot ng 2
- GV lu HS y l bi tp chng t s c
mt ca cc cht nn nu c n cht th ta phi
chng minh c s c mt ca c n cht.
Dng bi tp nay khc so vi bi tp nhn bit
(nhn bit n cht th ta ch cn nhn bit c
n 1 cht).
- HS gii quyt bi ton di s hng dn
ca GV.
- GV: nhn xt, nh gi.
I. Kin thc cn nh:
Phng php ho hc
Dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 d.
Nht mu dung dch nc Br2 d.
To c kt ta en vi ion Cu2+ v Pb2+.
Lm giy qu tm m ho xanh.
II. Bi tp:
Bi 1: C hn hp kh gm SO2, CO2v H2. Hy
chng minh trong hn hp c mt tng kh .
Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng.
Gii
- Cho hn hp kh i qua nc Br2 d, thy nc
Br2 b nht mu chng t c kh SO2.
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr (1)
- Kh i ra sau phn ng tip tc dn vo dung
dch Ca(OH)2 d thy c kt ta trng chng t c
kh CO2.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (2)
- Kh i ra sau phn ng (2) dn qua ng ng
CuO un nng thy to ra Cu mu chng t c
kh H2.
CuO + H
2
t0
Cu + H2O
Bi 2: Khng th nhn bit cc kh CO2, SO2 v

O2 ng trong cc bnh ring bit nu ch dng
A. nc Br2 v tn m chy d.
B. nc Br2 v dung dch Ba(OH)2.
C. nc vi trong v nc Br2.
D. tn m chy d v nc vi trong.
Bi 3: phn bit cc kh CO, CO2, O2 v SO2
c th dng
A. tn m chy d, nc vi trong v
nc Br2.
B. tn m chy d, nc vi trong v
dung dch K2CO3.
C. dung dch Na2CO3 v nc Br2.
D. tn m chy d v nc Br2.
VI. DN D:
1. HS v nh lm bt trong sgk.
166
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. CHUN B CHO BI: LUYN TPCHUNG

3. VII. RT KINH NGHIM
Tit 64:
LUYN TP CHUNG
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch v mt s cht kh.
2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim nhn bit.
II. TRNG TM:
- Cng c kin thc nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch v mt s cht kh.
III. CHUN B:
- HS: chun b bng tng kt cch nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch v mt s cht kh.
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
nghim.
3. Bi mi:
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC

I. Kin thc cn nh: sgk
Hot ng 1
- Gv pht vn hc sinh v ni dung kin
thc. Yu cu hc sinh nm vng
167
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
II. Bi tp:
Hot ng 2
Bi 1: C cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc
- GV a bi cho cc nhm
l ring bit, khng c nhn: ZnSO4, Mg(NO3),
- HS: Tho lun, ln bng, hs khc nhn Al(NO3)3. phn bit cc dung dch trn c th
xt, b sung
dng
- GV: Nhn xt, nh gi
A. qu tm
B. dd NaOH
C. dd Ba(OH)2
D. dd BaCl2
Bi 2: phn bit cc dung dch trong cc l ring
bit, khng dn nhn: MgCl2, ZnCl2, AlCl3, FeCl2,
KCl bng phng php ho hc, c th dng
A. dd NaOH
B. dd NH3
C. dd Na2CO3
D. qu tm
Bi 3: phn bit 2 dung dch Na2CO3 v Na2SO3
c th ch cn dng
A. dd HCl
B. nc Br2
C. dd Ca(OH)2
D. dd H2SO4
Bi 4: Phng th nghim b nhim bn bi kh
Cl2. Ho cht no sau y c th kh c Cl2 mt
cch tng i an ton ?
A. Dung dch NaOH long.
B. Dng
kh NH3 hoc dung dch NH3.
C. Dng kh H2S.
D. Dng
kh CO2.
Bi 5: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit
cc kh: O2, O3, NH3, HCl v H2S ng trong cc
bnh ring bit.
Gii:
O2, O3, NH3, HCl v H2S
qu tm m
O2, O3, H2S
Pb2+
O2, O3
H2S
tn m
O2
168
NH3
HCl
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
VI. DN D:
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
Chng 8:
Tit 65:
HA HC V VN
KINH T X HI MI TRNG
HA HC V VN
PHT TRIN KINH T
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Bit nhng vn t ra cho nhn loi: Ngun nng lng b cn kit, khan him nhin liu,
cn nhng vt liu mi p ng yu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi.
- Bit c ha hc s gp phn gii quyt nhng vn , nh to ra ngun nng lng
mi, nhng vt liu mi...
2. K nng:
- c v tm tt thng tin bi hc.
- Vn dng kin thc hc trong chng trnh ph thng minh hc
- Tm thng tin t cc phng tin khc hoc t thc tin cuc sng.
3. Thi : quan tm, tm hiu hin trng kinh t, x hi, mi trng. Rn luyn thc bo v
mi trng.
II. TRNG TM:
- Ph t huy nhn thc ca HS
III. CHUN B:
1. GV: H thng cu hi. My chiu
- Tranh ng t liu c lin quan nh ngun nng lng cn kit, khan him..
- Mt s thng tin, t liu cp nht nh: nh my in nguyn t, t s dng nhin liu
hidro, vt liu nano, cmpozit...
- a hnh c ni dung v mt s qu trnh sn xut ha hc.
169
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. HS: chun b bi
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng 1: Vn nng lng v nhin liu:
GV yu cu hc sinh c nhng thng tin trong bi, s dng kin thc c...tho lun v tr
li cc cu hi sau:
1. Nng lng v nhin liu c vai tr nh th no i vi s pht trin ni chung v s
pht trin kinh t ni ring ?
2. Vn nng lng v nhin liu ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l g ?
3. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu nh th no trong hin
ti v tng lai ?
Kt lun: - Nhn loi ang gii quyt vn thiu nng lng v khan him nhin liu do
tiu th qu nhiu.
- Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn ny l:
+ Sn xut v s dng ngun nguyn liu nhn to thay th cho ngun nguyn
liu thin nhin nh than, du m..
+ S dng cc ngun nng lng mi mt cch khoa hc.
Hot ng 2: Vn nguyn liu cho cng nghip:
HS nghin cu sgk , c cc thng tin b sung s dng kin thc c, tr li cc cu hi
sau:
1. Vn nguyn liu ang t ra cho cc ngnh kinh t l g ?
2. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ?
HS tho lun thy c ngun nguyn liu ha hc ang c s dng cho cng nghip
hin nay l :
- Qung, khong sn v cc cht c sn trong v Tri t.
- Khng kh v nc. l ngun nguyn liu rt phong ph trong t nhin v
c s dng rng ri trong nhiu nhnh cng nghip ha hc.
- Ngun nguyn liu thc vt.
- Du m, kh, than l ngun nguyn liu cho cng nghip tng hp cht do,
t si tng hp, cao su....
Kt lun: -Nhn loi ang gp phi vn : Ngun nguyn liu t nhin ang s dng ngy
cng cn kit.
170
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Ha hc gp phn: s dng hp l c hiu qu ngun nguyn liu ch yu

cho cng nghip ha hc. s dng li cc vt liu ph thi l hng tn dng nguyn liu cho
cng nghip ha hc.
Hot ng 3: Vn vt liu:
GV: a ra cc cu hi tho lun nh sau:
1. Vn ang t ra v vt liu cho cc ngnh kinh t l g ?
2. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ?
Hot ng 4: Hng gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu cho tng lai:
HS quan st hnh nh v c nhng thng tin trong bi hc, tho lun v a ra nhng
kin .
GV: Hng dn HS tho lun, hon chnh v kt lun.
gii quyt vn khan him nng lng v cn kit ngun nguyn liu, c 3 phng
hng c bn sau y:
- Tm cch s dng mt cch c hiu qu ngun nng lng v nhin liu hin c.
- Sn xut v s dng ngun nng lng v nhin liu nhn to...
- S dng cc ngun nng lng mi.
VI. DN D: Chun b ni dung trn tho lun
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
Tit 66:
HA HC V CC VN X HI
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Hc sinh hiu c ha hc gp phn p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng v lng thc, thc
phm, may mc, thuc cha bnh v tng cng th lc cho con ngi, c th nh:
- Sn xut c phn bn, thuc bo v v pht trin cy trng...
- Sn xut t si tng hp to ra vi, len...
- Sn xut ra cc loi thuc cha bnh, thuc b v thuc chng gy nghin,....
2. K nng:
171
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Phn tch c mt vn ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay v lng thc, thc phm,
may mc, sc kho.
- Nu c hng gii quyt v v d c th v ng gp ca ha hc vi tng lnh vc
nu trn.
mi trng.
II. TRNG TM:
III. CHUN B:
- Tranh nh, hnh v, cc nh my sn xut phn bn, thuc cha bnh...
- S liu thng k thc t v lng thc, dc phm...
2. HS: chun b bi
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng 1: Ha hc v vn lng thc, thc phm.
Tm hiu mt s vn ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay v lng thc, thc phm.
GV yu cu HS tr li mt s cu hi. Vn v lng thc thc phm ang t ra cho nhn
loi hin nay l g ? L do ti sao ?
Kt lun: Do s bng n dn s v nhu cu ca con ngi ngy cng cao, do vn t
ra i vi lng thc, thc phm l: Khng nhng cn tng v s lng m cn tng v cht
lng.
GV hi: Ha hc gp phn gp phn gii quyt nhng vn lin quan n lng thc,
thc phm nh th no ?
HS: tho lun cc ni dung: ng dng ca cc cht hc ,c bit l cabohidrat, cht bo,
protein....v kin thc thc tin tho lun....v rt ra kt lun.
Kt lun: Ha hc gp phn lm tng s lng v cht lng v lng thc, thc phm.
Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ha hc c tc dng bo v v pht trin ng thc vt nh:
phn bn, thuc tr su, dit c, kch thch sinh trng.... Bng phng php ha hc, tng
cng ch bin thc phm nhn to hoc ch bin thc phm theo cng ngh ha hc to ra
sn phm c cht lng cao hn.
Hot ng 2: Ha hc v vn may mc:
172
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Hc sinh tm hiu vn may mc v ang t ra cho nhn loi v vai tr ca ha hc

trong vic gii quyt cc vn trn nh th no ?
- Nu con ngi ch da vo t si thin nhin nh bng, ay, gai,...th khng .
- Ngy nay vic sn xut ra t, si ha hc p ng c nhu cu may mc cho nhn loi.
- So vi t t nhin ( si bng, si gai, t tm), t ha hc nh t visco, t axetat, t
nilon, ....c nhiu u im ni bt: dai, n hi, mm mi, nh, xp, p v r tin.
- Cc loi t si ha hc c sn xut bng phng php cng nghip nn d p ng c
nhu cu v s lng , cht lng v m thut.
Hot ng 3: Ha hc v sc kho con ngi:
Hc sinh c thng tin trong bi hc, vn dng kin thc thc tin v cc thng tin b sung v
cc loi thuc v tm hiu thnh phn ha hc chnh ca mt s loi thuc thng dng. Nu
mt s bnh him ngho cn phi c thuc c tr mi c th cha c.... T cho bit vn
v ang t ra i vi ngnh dc phm v ng gp ca ha hc gip gii quyt vn
nh th no ?
Kt lun:
- Nhiu loi bnh khng th ch dng cc loi cy c t nhin trc tip cha tr.
- Ngnh Ha dc gp phn to ra nhng loi thuc tn dc c nhiu u th: s dng n
gin , khi bnh nhanh, hiu qu c bit i vi mt s bnh do virut v mt s bnh him
ngho...
Hc sinh tm hiu mt s cht gy nghin , ma tu v c thi phng chng tch cc. Tm
hiu sch gio khoa v tr li cc cu hi:
1. Ma ty l g ?
2. Vn hin nay ang t ra i vi vn maty l g ?
3. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ? nhim v ca ha hc ?
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
Tit 67:
HA HC V VN MI TRNG
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Hiu nh hng ca ha hc i vi mi trng sng ( kh quyn, nc, t)
173
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
- Bit v vn dng mt s bin php bo v mi trng trong cuc sng hng ngy.
2. K nng:
- Bit pht hin mt s vn thc t v mi trng.
- Bit gii quyt vn bng nhng thng tin thu thp c t ni dung bi hc, t cc kin
thc bit, qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng,...
mi trng.
II. TRNG TM:
III. CHUN B:
- T liu, tranh nh, bng a v nhim mi trng, mt s bin php bo v mi trng
sng Vit Nam v trn th gii.
2. HS: chun b bi
IV. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng 1: nhim mi trng khng kh:
GV yu cu hc sinh:
1. Nu mt s hin tng nhim khng kh m em bit ?
2. a ra nhn xt v khng kh sch v khng kh b nhim v tc hi ca n ?
GV: Vy ngun no gy nhim khng kh ?
3. Nhng cht ha hc no thng c trong khng kh b nhim v gy nh hng ti
i sng ca sinh vt nh th no ?
HS: Tho lun nhm, tho lun ton lp v rt ra kt lun.
Hot ng 2: nhim mi trng nc:
HS: c ti liu , t cc thng tin khc, tr li cc cu hi:
1. Nu mt s hin tng nhim ngun nc ?
2. a ra nhn xt v nc sch, nc b nhim v tc hi ca n .
3. Ngun gy nhim nc do u m c ?
4. Nhng cht ha hc no thng c trong ngun nc b nhim v gy nh hng
nh th no n con ngi v sinh vt khc ?
Hot ng 3: nhim mi trng t:
174
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
HS tho lun vi cu hi tng t nh trn.

Hot ng 4: Nhn bit mi trng b nhim.
GV: t vn : Bng cch no c th xc nh c mi trng b nhim ?
HS : suy ngh, c nhng thng tin trong bi hc tr li cu hi v nu phng php
xc nh .
GV: nu mt s cch nhn bit mi trng b nhim:
- Quan st mu sc, mi.
- Dng mt s ha cht xc nh cc ion gy nhim bng phng php phn tch ha
hc.
- Dng cc dng c o nh: nhit k, sc k, my o pH, ... xc nh nhit , cc ion v
pH ca t, nc...
Hot ng 5: X l cht nhim nh th no ?
GV: Nu tnh hung c th v yu cu hc sinh a ra phng php gii quyt.
HS: c thm thng tin trong sch gio khoa, quan st hnh v th d v x l cht thi, kh
thi trong cng nghip.
Tin hnh tho lun nhm, phn tch tc dng ca mi cng an v rt ra nhn xt chung v
mt s bin php c th trong sn xut, i sng v:
- X l kh thi.
- X l cht thi rn.
- X l nc thi.
Kt lun: x l cht thi theo phng php ha hc, cn cn c vo tnh cht vt l, tnh
cht ha hc ca mi loi cht thi chn phng php cho ph hp.
VII. RT KINH NGHIM:
Tit 68,69:
N TP HC K II
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Mt s kin thc quan trng: Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim lai, tnh cht ca kim loi
nhm IA,IIA,IIIA, Fe, Crm , v hp cht tng ng.
175
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
2. K nng:
- ng dng tnh cht gii mt s bi tp
3. Thi :Thi tch cc trong hc tp.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin: - Chun b bi tp
2. Hc sinh: - n tp kin thc
III. PHNG PHP:
- Dy hc nu vn , m thoi.
V. TIN TRNH BY DY:
3. Bi mi:
Cho hs n tp hnh thc kim tra th: 45 v n tp cng
Cu 1 : Nhng l st nng 8 gam vo 500 ml dung dch CuSO 4 2M .Sau mt thi gian ly l
st ra cn li thy khi lng ca n bng 8,8 gam .Xem th tch dung dch khng i th nng
CuSO4 sau phn ng bng bao nhiu ?
A. 0,9 M
B. 1,8 M
C. 1 M
D. 1,5 M
Cu 2 :Mt hn hp X (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2) tch Fe2O3 ra khi hn hp X ,ta cn khuy X
vo dung dch ly d
A . H2SO4
B. HCI
C. NaOH
D. NaCl
Cu 3 : C 5 mu kim loi: Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch dng dung dch H 2SO4 long c th
nhn bit c nhng kim loi no ?
A. Ba, Al, Ag
B. Ag, Fe, Al
C. Ag, Ba
D. c 5 kim loi
Cu 4: Ho tan hn hp gm: a mol Na 2O v b mol Al2O3 vo nc th ch thu c dung
dch cha cht tan duy nht. khng nh no ng ?
A. a b
B. a = 2b
C. a=b
D. a b
Cu 5: Hm lng oxi trong mt oxit st FexOy khng ln hn 25%. Oxit st ny c th l:
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. khng xc nh c
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Zn v CuO. X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH sinh ra 4,48 lit
kh H2 (ktc). ho tan ht X cn 400ml dung dch HCl 2M. khi lng X bng:
A. 21 gam
B. 62,5 gam
C. 34,5 gam
D. 29 gam
Cu 7: St khng tc dng vi cht no sau y ?
A. dung dch HCl long
B. dung dch H2SO4 c nng
C. dung dch CuSO4
D. dung dch Al(NO3)3
Cu 8: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. ion Ag+ c th b oxi ho thnh Ag
B. nguyn t Mg c th kh c ion
Sn2+
C. ion Cu2+ c th oxi ha c nguyn t Al D. CO khng th kh MgO thnh Mg
Cu 9: Nhm m cc kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 l:
A. Ba, Mg, Hg
B. Na, Al, Fe, Ba
C. Al, Fe, Mg, Ag
D. Na, Al, Cu
176
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Cu 10: cho s sau: Al A Al(OH)3 B Al(OH)3 C Al. cc k t A, B, C ln

lt l:
A. NaAlO2, AlCl3, Al2O3
B. Al2O3, AlCl3, Al2S3
C. KAlO2, Al2(SO4)3, Al2O3
D. A v C ng
Cu 11: Trong cc phng php iu ch kim loi sau, phng php no khng ng ?
A. iu ch nhm bng cch in phn nng chy Al2O3
B. iu ch Ag bng phn ng gia dung dch AgNO3 vi Zn
C. iu ch Cu bng phn ng gia CuO vi CO nhit cao
D. iu ch Ca bng cch in phn dung dch CaCl2
Cu 12: Ha tan ht 0,5 gam hn hp gm: Fe v kim loi ha tr 2 bng dung dch H 2SO4
long thu c 1,12 lit kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi ha tr 2 dng l:
A. Ni
B. Zn
C. Mg
D. Be
Cu 13: Ha tan 8 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M ( ha tr 2, ng trc H 2 trong dy
in ha) vo dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lit H2 (ktc). Mt khc ha tan 4,8 gam kim
loi M th dng cha n 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi M l:
A. Zn
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Ba
Cu 14: Mt vt bng hp kim Cu-Zn c nhng trong dung dch H 2SO4 long, hin tng
xy ra l:
A. Zn b n mn, c kh H2 that ra.
B. Zn b n mn, c kh SO2
thot ra.
C. Cu b n mn, c kh H2 thot ra
D. Cu b n mn, c kh SO2
thot ra.
Cu 15: Mt dung dch cha a mol NaAlO2 tc dng vi mt dung dch cha b mol HCl. iu
kin thu c kt ta Al(OH)3 sau phn ng l:
A. a=2b
B. b<4a
C. a=b
. b<5a
Cu 16: Cho 2 cp oxi ha kh: X x+/X ng trc cp Yy+/Y trong dy in ha. Pht biu
no sau y khng dng?
A. tnh oxi ha ca Yy+ mnh hn Xx+
B. X c th oxi ho c Yy+ng trc cp
y+
Y /Y
C. Yy+ c th oxi ha c X
D. tnh kh ca X mnh hn Y
Cu 17: Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch hn hp gm AlCl 3 v FeSO4, thu c
kt ta A. Nung A trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn B. cho H 2 d qua
B nung nng , phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn C. C c cha:
A. Al v Fe
B. Al2O3 v Fe
C. Al, Al2O3, Fe v FeO
D.
Fe
Cu 18: Phn ng no sau y thu c Al(OH)3 ?
A. dung dch AlO2- + dung dch HCl
B. dung dch AlO2- + dung dch Al3+
C. dung dch AlO2- + CO2/H2O
D. c A, B, C
Cu 19: kt ta hon ton Al(OH)3 c th dng cch no sau y ?
A. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d.
B. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d
C. Cho dung dch NaAlO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d.
D. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d.
177
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
Cu 20: C 3 dung dch: NaOH, HCl, H 2SO4. thuc th duy nht phn bit 3 dung dch
trn l:
A. Al
B. CaCO3
C. Na2CO3
D. qu tm
Cu 21: Khi in phn nng chy Al 2O3 sn xut Al, ngi ta thm criolit (Na 3AlF6) vo
Al2O3 vi mc ch
A. to lp mng bo v cho nhm lng
B. tng tnh dn in ca cht in
phn
C. gim nhit nng chy ca cht in phn D. c A, B, C u ng
Cu 22: in phn dung dch FeCl2 , sn phm thu c l:
A. Fe, O2, HCl
B. H2, O2, Fe(OH)2
C. Fe, Cl2
D. H2, Fe,
HCl
Cu 23: Cho dung dch cha cc ion: Na +, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, H+, Cl-+. mun loi c nhiu
cation nht ra khi dung dch trn th nn dng ha cht no sau y ?
A. dung dch NaOH
B. dung dch Na2CO3
C. dung dch KHCO3
D. dung dch Na2SO4.
Cu 24: Ha tan hon ton 2,32 gam Fe 3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c V ml
kh X ( mu nu) ktc. V c gi tr l:
A. 336 ml
B. 112 ml
C. 224 ml
D. 448 ml
Cu 25: Trong nc t nhin thng c ln nhng lng nh cc mui: Ca(NO 3)2, Mg(NO3)2,
Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2. C th dng mt ha cht no sau y loi ng thi cc cation
trong cc mui trn ?
A. NaHCO3
B. K2SO4
C. Na2SO4
D. NaOH
Cu+HCl
26: cho s
+ Fe
+ dd NH3
+HNO3
+Cl2sau:
Fe
A
B
A
D
E. Cc k t A, B,
D, E ln lt l:
A. FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)3
B. FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(OH)2,
Fe(NO3)3
C. . FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)2
D. . FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)3,
Fe(NO3)3
Cu 27: in phn dung dch NaCl n ht ( c mng ngn, in cc tr), cng dng
n 1,61A th ht 60 pht. Thm 0,03 mol H2SO4 vo dung dch sau in phn th thu c
mui vi khi lng:
A. 4,26 gam
B. 8,52 gam
C. 6,39 gam
D. 2,13 gam
Cu 28: Cho 4 kim loi: Al, Fe, Mg, Cu v bn dung dch ZnSO 4, AgNO3, CuCl2, Al2(SO4)3,
kim loi no kh c c 4 dung dch mui trn :
A. Mg
B. Mg v Al
C. Mg v Fe
D. Cu
Cu 29: Hn hp X gm Al v Fe 3O4. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton thu c
cht rn Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOh d thu
c 6,72 lit H2 (ktc). Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 26,88 lit kh H 2
(ktc). Khi lng Al v Fe3O4 trong hn hp u bng:
A. 54g; 139,2g
B. 29,7g; 69,6g
C. 27g; 69,6g D. 59,4;g; 139,2g
Cu 30: Trong qu trnh n mn in ha, in cc m xy ra:
A. qu trnh oxi ha nc trong dd in li
B. qu trnh kh kim loi
C. qa trnh oxi ha kim loi
D. qu trnh oxi ha oxi trong dd in li.
178
THPT Nng Cng

L Thanh Quyt
GV:
GV sa bi tp. (44)
V. DN D:
- n tp kin thc chun b thi HK 2 v tt nghip.
VI. RT KINH NGHIM:
Tit 70: THI HC K II
179

Giao An Hoa 12 Co Ban

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Giao An Hoa 12 Co Ban

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

THPT Nng Cng

NI DUNG GHI BNG

THPT Nng Cng

ANCOL NO, N CHC,

- Phn ng vi kim loi

- Phn ng vi kim loi

IV. ANEHITXETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC

THPT Nng Cng

THPT Nng Cng

THPT Nng Cng

CH3 C O CH2 CH3

R-C-O-R/ (R,R/ l gc hydrocacbon, R c th l H)

CTPT: CnH2n-2kO2 hoc CxHyO2 (y 2x)

2. Tn gi: Tn gc hirocacbon ca ancol + tn

THPT Nng Cng

III. TNH CHT HO HC

* c im ca phn ng: Thun nghch v xy ra

* c im ca phn ng: Phn ng ch xy ra 1

T este cha gc phenol to ra 2 mui. Vd:

- Este khng no c phn ng cng (vi H2, X2,

THPT Nng Cng

- Este ca axit fomic c phn ng trng gng,

2. Phng php ring: iu ch este ca anol

V. CNG C: Bi tp 1 v 6 trang 7 (SGK)

THPT Nng Cng

NI DUNG GHI BNG

THPT Nng Cng

- GV t vn : Lipit l cc este phc

- HS ly mt s th d v CTCT ca cc R1, R2, R3 l gc hirocacbon ca axit bo, c th ging

THPT Nng Cng

THPT Nng Cng

V sao cht bo lng lu ngy b i,

THPT Nng Cng

THPT Nng Cng

t cng thc ca A: CnH2nO2 14n + 32 =

THPT Nng Cng

- GV ?: Vi NaOH th c bao nhiu phn ng

Bi 7: t chy hon ton 3,7g mt este n

Bi 8: 10,4g hn hp X gm axit axetic v

V. CNG C: Trong tng bi tp

THPT Nng Cng

Bi 3: Khi thu phn (xt axit) mt este thu

THPT Nng Cng

- GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi ton.

Este c th c CTCT no sau y ?

Bi 5: Khi thu phn a gam este X thu c

4. CNG C: Trong tit luyn tp

THPT Nng Cng

THPT Nng Cng

- Khai thc mi quan h gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc.

THPT Nng Cng

CH2OH CHOH CHOH CHOH CHOH CH O

III TNH CHT HO HC

THPT Nng Cng

CH2OH[CHOH]4COONa +2Cu2O(ogach) +3H2O

- HS vit PTTT ca phn ng kh glucoz c) Kh glucoz bng hiro

THPT Nng Cng

THPT Nng Cng

NI DUNG GHI BNG

- GV gii thiu phn ng ln men.

CH2OH CHOH CHOH CHOH CO CH2OH

- HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit nhng tnh

- GV yu cu HS gii thch nguyn nhn