UNITED, STATES PaTENT OFFICE. NIKOLA TESLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE TESLA ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION OF POWER. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 487,766, dated Dacember 18, 1892. “Applioution Sod May 16,1888, Berlal Ho, 278,092. Cfo model.) To all whom it may concern: ’ Be it known that I, NikoLa TEsLa, a sub- ject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, for- merly of Smiljan, Lika, border country of Aus- trla-Hangary, bat now residing at New York, inthe county and State of New York, have in- vented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems for the Electrical Transmission of Power, of which the following is a specifica- tion, reference being had to the drawings ac- companying and forining a part of the same. ‘This invention is an improvement in sys- tems of electrical distribution of power where- in are employed motors having two or more 15 independent energizing-cireuits, through which are passed alternating currents differ- ing in phaso that are produced by a magneto- electric machine having independent induced cirouits, or that are obtained from any other 20 suitable source or by any othersuitable means. In illustration of the various conditions which Tregard as most importantto an attainment of the best results from the use of motors of this character, J have heretofore used gener- 25 ally forms of generator in which therelations. of the induced or current-generating coils and fiold-magnets were such that bat two impulses ” orcurrent are produced in each coil by a sin- gie revolution of the armature or field cores. 30 The rate, therefore, at which the different phages or impulses of current in the line-eir- enits succseded one another was 80 Ii greater than that at which the armatufe of the generator revolved that without special 35 provision the generator required to be runat ‘very high s;eed to obtain the best results. It is weli known that the most efficient ro- sults are secured in the operation of such mo- tora when they are run at high specds; but as the practicable rate of speed is much limited by mechanical conditions, particularly in the ease of large generators, which would be re- quired when a number of motorsare run from asingle sorree, Lhave sought to produce a greaternur Jer of current impulses by a slow or slower s. sed than that at which the ordi- nary bipok.r machines may be economically operated. I therefore adapttomysystem any of the various types of multipolar alternat- 50 ing-current machines which yield a consid- Q 3 4 45 erablonnmberof current reversals orimpulses for ench revolution of the armature by ob- serving the main condition essential to the operation of my system that the phases of the currents in the independent induced circuits of the generator should not coiucide, but ex- hibita sufficient difference in phaseto produce the desired resnlts. Imay accomplish this in ‘a variety of ways, which, however, vary only in detail, since they are based upon the samo underlying principle. Forexample,toadapta given typeof alternating-current generator I may couple riglly two complete machines, se- euring them so that the requisite difference in phase between tho currents produced by 65 each will be obtained, or I may secure two armatures to the same shaft within the inflo- ence of the same field and with an angwar displacement that will produce the proper difference in phase between the two currents, or I may secure two armatures to the same shaft with their coils symmetrically disposed, and place two sots of field-magnets at such angle as tosecure the same result, or, finally, T may wind on thesame armature the twosets of coila alternately, or in such manner that they will develop currents, the phases of which differ in time sufficiently to produce rotation of the motor. Another feature of my invention is in the plan which 1 have devised for utilizing gen- erators and motors of this type, whereby a single generator may be caused to run a num- ber of motors either at the same spead as its own or allat differentspeeds. This I accom- plish by constructing the motors with fowor poles than the generator, in which case their speed will be greater than that of the goner- ator, the rate of speed being higher as tho number of their poles is relatively less. This will be understood from an example, Sup- pose the generator has two independent gen- eratizg-coils which revolve between two polo- pieces oppositely magnetized and that the motor has energizing-coils that produce at 95 any given time two magnetic pules in onc element that tend to set up a rotation of the motor, A generator thus constracted yields four impulses or reversals of current by each Be go revolution, two in each of its independent roo2 3 3 4 5 5! 6 6 w 8 a ° 3 S o cirouits, and I have demonstrated that the ef- fect upon a motor such as that mentioned is to shift tho magnetic poles through threo hundred and sixty degrees, It is obvions that if the four reversals in the same order could be produced by cach half-revolution of the generator the motor wonld make two revolutions to the generator’s one. This would be readily accomplished by adding two intermediate poles to the generator or alter- ing it in auy of the other equivalent. ways above indicated. The same rule applies to generators and motors with multiple poles. Vor instance, ff a generator be constructed with two circnits, ench of which produces twelve reversals of enrrent to a revolution, and these currents be directed through the independent energizing-coils of # motor, tho coils of which are so applied as to produce twelve magnetic poles at all times, the rota tion of the two will be synchronous; but if the motor-coils produce biitsix poles the mov- able element will be rotated twice whilo the generator rotates once, or if the motor bave four poles its rotation will be three times as fast as that of the generator. ‘These features, so far as it is necessary to an understanding of the invention, are illns- trated in the accompanying drawings. Figuro 1 is a diagrammatis illustration of a genorator constracted in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar viow of a correspondingly-constracted motor, Fig.3is adiagram of agenerator of modified construc- tion.” Fig. 4 is a diagram of a motor of cor- responding character. Fig. 5 is a diagram of a system containing a generator and several motors adapted to run at various speads. In Fig. 1, let C represent 2 cylindrical arma- ture-eore wound longitudinally with insulated coils A A, which are connected up in series, the terminals of the series being connected to collecting-rings « a on the shaft G. By means of this shaft the armatare is mounted to rotate between the poles of an angular field-magnet D, formed with polar projec- tions wound with coils K, that magnetize the said projections. The coils E are included in the cirenit of a generator F, by means of which the fleld-magnet is energized. If thus constructed, the machiue isa well-Itnown form of alternating-current genorator. ‘To adapt it to my system, however, I wind ov armature, Ca second set of coils BB intermediate to tho first, or, in other words, in such positions, that white the coils of one set are iu the rela- tive positions to the poles of the field-magnet to produce the maximum current those of the other sot will be in the position in which they produce the minimum current. ‘The coils B are counected, also, in series and to two col- lecting-rings bd, secured generally to the shaft, at the opposite end of the armature. The motor shown in Fig. 2 has an anuular field-maguet I, with four pole-pieces wound with coils I. The armatare is constructed 487,798 similarly to that of the generator, but: with two sets of two coils in closed circuits to cor- respond with the reduced number of mag. netic poles in the field. From the foregoing it is evident that-one revolution of the armaturo of the gonerator producing eight current impulses in each oit- cuit will produce two revolutions of the mo- tor-armature, . ‘The application of the priueiple of this in- vention is not confied toany particular form of machine. In Iigs. 8 and 4#gonerator and motor of another well-known typeare shown. in Fig. 3,J J are magnets disposed in a circle and wound with coils‘IX, which are in cireuit with a generator which supplies tho current that maintains the field of force, Inthe usual construction of these machines the armature- conductor L is carried by a suitable frame,so 85 as to be rotated in face of the magnets J J or between these magnets and another similar set in face of them. ‘The magnets nro ener- gized so as to be of alternately-opposite pu- larity thronghont the series, so that ag the conductor Cis rotated the current impulses combine or are added to one another, those prodaced by the conductor in any given posi- tion being allin thesame direction. To adapt sach a machine to my system, I add a second set of induced conductors Bf, in a!l respects similar to the first, but so placed with refer- enco to it that the currents prodaced in each will differ by a quarter-phase. With snch ro- lations it is evident that as the current de- creases in conductor J, it inereases -in con- dnetor M, and conversely, and that any of the forms of motor invented by me for use in this system may be operated by sach generator, Fig, 4 is intended to show a motor corre- sponding to the machine in Fig.3,. ‘The con- struction of the motor is identical with that of the generator, and if coupled thereto it will van synchronously therewith. J’ J’ are the field-magnets, and K’ thecolls thereon, L’ ig one of the armature-conductors and M’ th other. ” Fig. 5 shows in diagram other forms of ma- cbine. Tho generator N in this case is shown. as consisting of a stationary ring O, wound with twenty-four coils P P’, alternate coils being connected in series in two cirenits, Within this ring is a disk or drum Q, with projections Q’ wonnd with onergizing-coils in- eladed in circuit with a generator R. By driv- ing this disk or oylinder alternating currents are produced in the coils P and P’, which are carried off to run the several motors, ‘The motors are composed of a ring or an- nular field-magnet 5, wound with two sets of energizing-coils TT’, and armatures U, hav- ing projections U’ wound with coils ¥, all connected in series in a closed cireuitor each closed independently on itself. Suppose the twelve generator-coils P are wound alternately in opposite directions, 80 that any two adjacent coils of the samo set 19 75 Bo ” 10487,706 8 tend to produce » free pole in the ring O be- tween them and tho twelve coils P” to be similarly wound. A single revolution of the disk or oylinder Q, the twelve polar projec- tions of which are of opposite polarity, will therefore produce twelve current impulges in each of the circuits WW’, Hence the motor X, which has sixteen coils or eight free poles, will make one and a half turns to the goner- ator’s one. The motor Y, with twelve coils or six poles, will rotate with twice the speed of the generator, and the motor Z, with eight coils or four poles, will revolve three times as fast a3 thegenerator. These multipolar motors have & peculiarity which may be often utilized to great advantage. For example, in the motor X, Fig. 5, the eight poles may be either alter- -hately opposite or there may be at any given time alternately two like aud two opposite poles, This is readily attained by making the proper electricalconneetions. ‘The effect of such & change, however, would be the same as reducing the number of poles one-half, and thereby doubling thospeed of any given motor. In these and other respects it will be seen that the invention involves many im- Portant and valuable features, It is obvious that the electrical transform- ers described in prior patents to me and which havo independent primary currents may be used with the genorators herein de- scribed. - It may be stated with respect to the de- vices hereinafter set forth that the moat per- fectand harmonious action of the generators, and motors is obtained when the numbers of the poles of each are even and not odd. If. this is not the case, there will be a certain ‘Wnevenness of action which is the less appre- ciable as the number of poles is grater; but even this may be ina measure corrected by special provisions which it is not here neces- sary to explain. It also follows, as a matter of course, and from the above it. is obvious, 45 that if tho numbor of the poles of tha motor be greator than that of the generator the mo- w Ss tor will revolve at a slower speed than the generator. : What I claim as my invention is— 1. The combination, with an alternating- 50 current generator comprising independent armatare-circuits formed by condactors al- tornately disposed, so that the currents de- veloped therein will differ in phase, and field- magnet poles in excess of the numberof arma- 55 ture-cireuits, of a motor having independent energizing-circuits connected tothe armature- cireuits of the generator, substantially as set forth. 2, The combination, with a source of alter- nating currents which differ in phaseandcom- prising a rotating magneto-electrie machine yielding agiven numbor of current impulses or alternations foreach turn or revolution, of a motor or motors having independent ener- gizing-cireits through which the said cur- rents are caused to flow, and poles which in number are less than the number of current impulses produced in each motor-cireuit by one turn or revolution of the magneto-ma- ching, as sot forth. 3. The combination, with a multipolar al- ternating-onrrent machine having independ- ent induced or enrront-generating cirenite, of motors having independent onergizing-cir- cuits and smaller number of polesthan the generator, as set forth. 4. The combination, with an alternating- current generator having independent in- duced cirenits and constructed or adapted to produce a given number of current impulses or alternations for each turnor revolation, of motors having corresponding energizing-cir- cuits and poles which in number are less than the number of current impulses pro- duced in each cirouit in a turn or revolution of the generator, as set forth. NIKOLA TESLA. Witnesses: Frank E. HARTLEY, FRANK B. MURPHY. 60(No Model:) 8 Bheets—Sheet 1. N. TESLA. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION OF POWER, No. 487,796. Patented Deo. 13, 1892. WITNESSES : JAVENTOR Septal. MWiheta Jade MialatF. Cory bork BY Sear ent Cenkie blag ATTORNEDS.(No Model.) . 8 Sheots—Sheet 2, N. TESLA. . SYSTEM OF ELEOTRIOAL TRANSMISSION OF POWER. Ns, 487,796, . Patented Dec. 13, 1892. WITNESSES: INVENTOR Rephadite Miele Jha Clan Hh hig By Sccutan, Cortez Wage ATTORNEY 8,(No Model.) . 8 Sheets—Sheet 3. N. TESLA. SYSTEM OF ELECTRIOAL TRANSMISSION OF POWER. No. 487,796. Patented Deo. 13, 1892.