UNIT 4

PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE

OBJEKTIF
Explain 5 programming language
Draw basic ladder diagram
Write mnemonic code

ITEMS NEEDED IN PROGRAMMING

Start
Operation Mode
Reset Condition
Operation/Process sequence
Output Signal
Output Status
End

Programming Language
Ladder Diagram
Instruction List
Structured Text
Sequential Function Chart
Function Block Diagram

Ladder Diagram
Graphical programming language
Have +ve and ve/common track
This track either being joined by NO or NC

Instruction List
Built from control command consist of operator and

operand
Also known as mnemonic code
Eg : LD, AND, OR

Structured Text
Consist of quote and command

EVENT
DESIRED

COMPONENT INVOLVED

Sequential Function Chart

Graphical language type
The element consist of steps, transition, choices and

parallel junction
Each step shows active or inactive control
Each step consist of execution based on transition
The execution have its own structural sequences

Sequential Function Chart

STEP 1

MOTOR START
TRANSITION

STEP 2

MOTOR STOP
TRANSITION

STEP 3

execution

Function Block Diagram

Graphical type language
The element being visualized using graphic function

and block function

Switch 1
Switch 2

Lamp ON

OR
AND

Cylinder Out

LADDER DIAGRAM BASIC

Consist of 2 vertical line each at the left and right of

the diagram called bus bar.

The horizontal line from left to right is called
instruction line.
Along the line consist of logic combination called
condition.
This condition either NO or NC

LADDER DIAGRAM BASIC

CONDITION

INSTRUCTION LINE
BUSBAR

BASIC TERMS
EXECUTION CONDITION
OPERAND BITS
LOGIC BLOCKS
INSTRUCTION BLOCK
MNEMONIK CODE

EXECUTION CONDITION
Combination ON and OFF logic produced collective

condition for an instruction.

Instruction will be in Execution Condition ON when

IR 00 ON, IR 01 OFF and IR 02 ON

OPERAND BITS
Operation bit for each instruction can be from any of memory area IR,

SR, HR, TC, or TR

Condition in ladder diagram can be determine by I/O bits, flags, work

bits and timer/counter.

LOGIK BLOCKS
Way condition give interaction towards instruction is

determine by communication between condition

Each condition group produced a logic block

MNEMONIK CODE
Ladder diagram cannot be read by programming console
The ladder diagram then need to convert to mnemonic code