ROF LIFE IN one roy Student Workbook CPR A-B-CPR & First Aid Training 11865 Ramsdell Ct. San Diego CA 92131 619-281-3304What is CPR? Cc P R When we compress the victim’s chest, the heart is squeezed between the breastbone and the spine. This compression squeezes blood from the heart to the lungs to oxygenate blood. Then oxygen-rich blood is circulated systemically, especially to the brain, and other vital organs. When we release the pressure, the heart will refill with un-oxygenated blood. As we continue this, we create an artificial heart rate for the victim, Once we accomplish the required number of compressions, we need to replenish the oxygen to the lungs. We do this by providing rescue breaths. The rescuer’s exhale contains about 16% oxygen and this is enough to sustain the vietim’s life What is the purpose of CPR? Most people think that by doing CPR we will bring the person back, or start the heart. It is very rare for CPR alone to start the heart. The purpose of CPR is to stop the dying process. We “buy time” so that brain damage does not occur by the time EMS arrives to care for victim. Clinical Death Early defibrillation: Out of hospital survival rates for cardiac arrest is less than 5%. ‘The only cure for sudden cardiac arrest is early defibrillation. This is an electrical shock given to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm. The non-medical responder can do this with a unit called an AED (automated external defibrillator). Studies have shown that survival rates can be as high as 80% with the use of an AED within the first 5 minutes. Every minute that goes by without shocking the victim drops the survival rate by 10%. Starting and stopping CPR: We start CPR when we find an unresponsive, non-breathing individual with no signs of circulation. Once we start our care, we can’t stop unless one of the following conditions occurs: ~rOoO4snAssessment: Perform your assessments Check the scene for safety Cheek for victim’s responsiveness If victim is unresponsive, CALL 9-1-1 Provide your care to vietim, A-B-C: AYRE A = Airway: Open airway with a head-tilt, chin-ift B = Breathing: Check for signs of breathing by: LOOK- for rise and fall of chest, LISTEN. for breath sounds, and FEEL- for warm breath on your cheek. If the victim is not breathing, give two initial rescue breaths. C = Compressions: Start chest compressions immediately. | % to 2 inches deep. Hands are in the center of the chest between the nipples. Bare the chest of clothing to be sure of correct hand placement. Release pressure on the chest to let it come back to its normal position, However do not take your hands completely off the chest. Quick Glance Guide: ADULT Adult CPR ‘Check for responsiveness. If unresponsive, Call 9-1-1 and get the AED if available Open Airway- head tit chin lift Check for breathing- look, listen, & feel. If not breathing, give two initial rescue breaths. Start Compressions- Bare the chest 30 chest compressions + 2 breaths = 1 CPR Cycle. Keep giving CPR until the AED arrives, the victim starts to move, or professionals arrive. CRANESConscious Choking Adult 1 Give abdominal thrusts (a.k.a. Heimlich maneuver) A. Until object becomes dislodged (victim will start to cough, breath, talk, ete.) B. Or until the victim becomes unconscious (Go to Unconscious Choking Adult scenario) imimeaver 36 many Snes ‘A. Youare alone and you are choking B. Pregnant woman is choking C. Choking vietim is bigger built than you D. Near-drowning victims Choking Adult becomes Unconscious 1. Call 911 and get the AED. 2. Look for object in mouth using the Tongue-Jaw-Lift. Stick your thumb in the victim’s mouth, holding the tongue, opening the airway. Look for object in mouth, if object is seen, perform a finger sweep. 3. Open the airway. Head tlt-chin lift 4. Attempt to deliver rescue breaths. fbreaths still do not go in, vietim’s airway is blocked (choking) Deliver 30 chest compressions to get lodged object out Repeat from step 2 5. When 2 breaths go in, continue CPR until the AED arrives, the victim starts to move, or professionals arrive. Adult is found Unconscious, Unwitnessed Choking Victim ‘Check responsiveness. If unresponsive, Call 9-1-1 and get the AED Open Airway- head tlt chin lift Check for breathing- look, listen, & feel. Ifnot breathing, give two initial rescue breaths. If breaths do not go in, vietim’s airway is blocked (choking). Deliver 30 chest compressions to get lodged object out. ‘Look for object in mouth using the Tongue-Jaw-Lift. Stick your thumb in the victim's mouth, holding the tongue, opening the airway. If object is seen perform a finger sweep. & Repeat from step 3. 9. When 2 breaths go in, continue CPR until the AED arrives, the victim starts to move, or professionals arrive. 8 Repeat until breaths are successful. weeps nDQuick Glance Guide: CHILD (Age 1 to puberty) Child CPR 1. ‘Check for responsiveness. 2. Unresponsive, yell for help. If witnessed collapse is sudden, rescuer should call 91 first and get the AED 3. Open Airway- head tilt chin lif. 4. Check for breathing- look, listen, & feel. 5. If not breathing, give two initial rescue breaths. 6. Start Compressions- bare the chest 8. 30 chest compressions + 2 breaths = 1 CPR Cycle. 9. Deliver § CPR eyeles = approximately 2 minute. 10. Call 911, ifno one has called for you, and get the AED 11. When you retum start with ABC'S 12. Continue care, keep giving CPR until the AED arrives, the victim starts to move, or professionals arrive. Conscious Choking Child 1 Give abdominal thrusts (a.k.a. Heimlich maneuver) A. Until object becomes dislodged (victim will start to cough, breath, talk, ete.) B. Or until the victim becomes unconscious (Go to Unconscious Choking Adult scenario) Choking Child becomes Unconscious L ‘Yell for help- Call 9-1-1 and get the AED if no one has called and you have provided 2 minutes of care. 2. Look for object in mouth using the Tongue-Jaw-Lift. Stick your thumb in the vietim’s mouth, holding the tongue, opening the airway. Look for object in mouth, if object is seen, perform a finger sweep. Open the airway, 3. Attempt to deliver 2 rescue breaths. Breaths do not go: Victim's airway is blocked (choking). Deliver 30 chest compressions to get lodged object out 4. Repeat step 2 & 3 until two rescue breaths go in (NO more choking!). 5. When 2 breaths go in, continue CPR until the AED arrives, the victim starts to move, or professionals arrive Child is found Unconscious, Unwitnessed Choking Victim Check responsiveness.-Unresponsive Yell for help- Call 9-1-1 and get the AED if no one has called and you have provided 2 minutes of care. ‘Open Airway- head tilt chin Tift. Check for breathing- look, listen, & feel Ifnot breathing, give two initial rescue breaths. Ifbreaths do not go in, victim’s airway is blocked (choking). Deliver 30 chest compressions to get lodged object out. 7. Look for object in mouth using the Tongue-Jaw-Lift. Stick your thumb in the victim's mouth, holding the tongue, opening the airway. If object is seen perform a finger sweep. 8. Repeat from step 3. 9. When 2 breaths go in, continue CPR until the AED arrives, the victim starts to move, or professionals arrive.Quick Glance Guide: INFANT (Birth to 1 y/o) Infant CPR 1. Check for responsiveness. 2. If unresponsive yell for help. 3. Open Airway- head tilt- chin lift. (Be sure not to open to far. This may clamp the airway closed) 4, Check for breathing- look, listen, & feel 5. If not breathing, give two initial rescue breaths covering infant’s mouth and nose. 6. Start Compressions 8. 30 chest compressions + 2 breaths = 1 CPR Cycle. 9. Deliver 5 CPR cycles = approximately 2 minute. 10. Call 911 if no one has called for you. ie When you retum start with ABC’s. 12, Continue care, keep-giving CPR until the victim starts to move, or professionals arrive. Conscious Choking Infant - Give 5 back slaps + 5 chest thrusts, repeat. ‘A. Until object becomes dislodged (conscious infant will start to cough & ery...). B. Or until the victim becomes unconscious (Go to Unconscious Choking Infant scenario). Choking Infant becomes Unconscious 1. Yell for help. 2. Look for object in mouth using the Tongue-Jaw-Lift. Stick your thumb in the victim’s mouth, holding the tongue, opening the airway. Look for object in mouth, if object is seen perform a finger sweep. 3. Open the airway 4. Attempt to deliver 2 rescue breaths covering infant’s mouth and nose. If breaths do not go in, victim’ airway is blocked (choking), Deliver 30 Chest Compressions to get lodged object out. 5. Repeat step 2 & 3 until two rescue breaths go in (NO more choking!). 6. When 2 breaths go in, Continue compressions Infant is found Unconscious, Unwitnessed Choking Victim ~ Check responsiveness. ._If'unresponsive yell for help. Open Ainway- head tilt chin lift. (Be sure not to open to far. This may clamp the airway closed) Check for breathing. look, listen, & feel Ifnot breathing, give two initial rescue breaths, Ifbreaths do not go in, victim’s airway is blocked (choking). Deliver 30 chest compressions to get lodged object out. Look for object in mouth using the Tongue-Jaw-Lift. Stick your thumb in the victim's mouth, holding the tongue, opening the airway. If object is seen perform a finger sweep. 8. Repeat from step 3. 9. Repeat until breaths are successful or two minutes go by and no one responds to your calls for help. Leave the vietim and call 911.AED What is an AED? The purpose of the AED is to provide an electrical shock to the victim to stop fibrillation of the heart, Most people think an AED shocks the heart to start it, In reality, the AED stops the heart's bad rhythm hoping that the heart will start again in a normal rhythm. The AED is always used in conjunetion with CPR. The AED is never used by itself When do you use an AED? The AED should be used on any victim that shows no signs of circulation. The AED is completely automated. Once the unit is on,.the AED will interpret a heart rhythm. The AED will determine if a shock is advised. Universal steps- 1. Turn Power ON. 2. Connect pads/electrodes. 3. AED Machine will analyze vietim’s heart rhythm. 4, Shock will be advised or delivered (fully auto units) ifa shockable rhythm is detected. CPR is an important part of an AED rescue. If the AED indicates no shock advised, or after the shock is, delivered the AED will tell you to begin CPR. The new 2005 ECC guidelines require 2 minutes of CPR before the AED will analyze again. Listen to the AED for prompts, Older AED's that have not been updated will, “Stack” three shocks before CPR is started, Special Circumstances for AED use: 1. Water 2. Metal Surfaces 3. Medication patches 4, Children 5. Implanted medical devices 6. Hairy chest Care and Maintenance of an AED California law requires that the AED be checked on a monthly basis. The machine must be checked per ‘manufacturer’s recommended maintenance. ‘The basic things to cheek are: 1. Battery Level/ Expiration Date 2. Pads/Electrodes 3. Rescue Kit 900k amsdell Ct. San Diego CA 92131 3304CPR Chart co 2 7 Child | Infant | person | person) 1- | Under puberty | 1 year Rescue | breatns | 2 2 2 2 Ratio : : : : Rate (30:2 | 30:2 30:2 | 30:2 sions to rescue breaths) Rate | 100 per | 100 per | 100+ | At least minute | minute | per | 100 per minute | minute Depth) 1 Y=] 1 ~via 2” 2” cep ot Hand hands |2hands| lor 2 2 Position hands | fingers