Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Physical Diagnosis, Signs in Medicine
Physical Diagnosis, Signs in Medicine
Physical Diagnosis, Signs in Medicine
(A)
- Aarons sign seen in appendicitis. On firm pressure over the McBurneys point
the patient with appendicitis will feel distress in the epigastrium or
precordial region.
- Abadiesign - This is the test of Muscle sense .Compress or squeeze big
muscle bellies (calf,` triceps or biceps)and note whether the patient complains
of pain (Abadiesign ).This is the test of pressure sense too.
- Adlers sign- Is seen in Ectopic pregnancy .The abdominal tenderness is fixed
,even when the patient is turned from side to side.
- Albright sign-Metacarpels are shortened in pseudohypoparathyroidism , nevoid
basal cell carcinoma ,turner and Larsen .In the presence of short fourth
metacarpal ,there will be a dimple at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
- Alfred Demusset sign- Bobbing of the head with each heart beat. The rapid
blood flow in the carotids will push the head with each beat, thus leading to
movement of head up and down with each heart beat.
- Allis sign- is seen in developmental dysplasia.
- Arm drop sign- sign suggestive of complete tear of the rotator cuff.
- Antenna sign- seen in Keratosis pilaris
- Anterior drawer sign-(Bon bruise sign) for anterior cruciate ligament tear.
It is used to diagnose rupture of the cruciate ligaments .The knee should be
flexed at a right angle and the upper part of the tibia is pulled forward and
pushed backward. Increased anterior and posterior movements will indicate the
rupture of cruciate ligaments.
- Asboe Hansen sign- (Bulla spread sign) seen in Pemphigus
- Auenbruggers sign-In pericardial effusion ,an epigastric prominence is seen.
- Auspitzs sign-When the scales of Psoriasis are removed ,pin point bleeding
spots will be seen .
(B)
- Babinskis sign- By stroking the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot.
There is contraction of tibialis anterior, hamstrings, and tensor fascia lata.
- Baccellis sign-Good conduction of whisper in non purulent pleural effusion.
- Balls sign- is seen in fetal death .There will be hyperflexion of the spine.
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
- Bulge sign- Small effusion in the knee joint. Apply gentle pressure first on
the medial side of the joint when the patient is lying with the quadriceps
relaxed. Watch for the bulge on the lateral side.
-Button hole sign- is seen in Neurofibromatosis
(C)
- Capeners sign- is seen in slipped epiphysis .Normally, the posterior
acetabular margin will cut across the medial corner of the metaphysis. In this
condition the entire metaphysis will remain lateral to the posterior acetabular
margin.
- Cardarellis sign- transverse pulsation in the laryngotracheal tube in
aneurysms and dilatation of the aortic arch.
- Carmans Meniscus sign- A radiological finding seen in malignant gastric
ulcer. Meniscus shaped gastric ulcer with the concavity pointed towards the
gastric lumen
- Carpet tacks sign- is seen in Discoid Lupus Erythematosis (DLE)
- Carvallos sign- In cases with ASD, the tricuspid murmur is maximal at the
lower sternal edge and increases in intensity during inspiration
- Cerebriform tongue sign-is seen in Pemphigus vegetans
- Chaddocks sign seen in pyramidal tract lesion. Extensor response is seen
after striking the skin around the lateral malleolus in a circular fashion.
- Champagne flute sign-due to portal air in NNEC.
- Chandeliers sign-is seen in Gonorrhoea in women
- Circumflex`sign-the metaphysis have some flaring and may appear V-shaped in
achondroplasia.
- Chvosteks sign -The facial nerve is tapped at its exit from the stylomastoid
foramen. This leads to brief twitching of the facial muscles, ala of the nose
and the blinking of the eyelids. .Elevation of the corner of mouth may b e seen.
- Coffee bean sign- Strangulation of incompletely obstructed loop of small
bowel.
- Coin test-is found in tense Pneumothorax. Place a metallic coin on the upper
part of the affected chest, and percuss over the coin with another coin. Listen
at the same time from the back with the diaphragm of a stethoscope. A high
pitched tympanitic bell-like metallic sound can be heard in the presence of
Pneumothorax.
- Colemans sign- Hematoma over the floor of the mouth in fracture of body of
mandible.
- Combys sign-is seen in measles. In early stages thin whitish patches are seen
on the gums and buccal mucous membranes.
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
- Commandos sign-in spastic cerebral palsy the child drags the feet like a
rudder.
- Coopers sign- In acute appendicitis, the tenderness is elicited in the left
lateral position.
- Corners sign- seen in scurvy. A groove will be present just above the zone of
provisional calcification.
- Corrigan's sign - Dancing carotids in aortic regurgitation..
- Counting sign-in diaphragmatic paralysis ,the patient cannot count more than
10 in one breath.
- Coupdongue sign- Tinea versicolor.
- Courvoisier sign- Gall bladder will be palpable in patients with carcinoma
head of the pancreas.
- Crack pot sign- see Macewen sign
- Crescent sign-In hydronephrosis, crescents of contrast medium seen with in the
enlarged renal parenchyma. This is due to the contrast medium circulating in the
collecting ducts compressed by the dilated calyces.
- Crowes sign In neurofibromatosis , axillary freckling and speckled
hyperpigmentation over the upper chest ,groin and perineal region will be
present .
- Cruveilhier s sign-is seen in portal hypertension. Caput medusa due to
portocaval anastomosis.
- Cullen sign-A bluish discoloration seen around the umbilicus in patients with
acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
- Curtsy sign is seen in Sham or Urge syndrome
- Czernys sign-The abdomen normally bulges at the beginning of inspiration.
But in patients with chorea, there is paradoxical retraction..
(D)
- Dagger sign-is due to ossification of supraspinous and interspinous ligaments
in Ankylosing spondylitis . On frontal radiograph a single radio dense line
will be seen.
- Dance sign- in intussusception. The right lower quadrant may feel empty to
palpation in intussusception.
- Darier sign- Urticaria pigmentosa. The lesions tend to become red, itchy and
urticarial if they are rubbed.
- Dalrymple sign-(Lid retraction) Staring appearance due to abnormal widening
of palpebral fissures in hyperthyroidism
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
- Dawbarns sign- seen in subacromial bursitis .The pain in this condition will
disappear on abduction of the arm.
- Dawsons sign-Palmar erythema in cirrhosis of liver
- De Dance sign-The Signe de Dance A feeling of emptiness in the right iliac
fossa in acute intussusception.
- D Espines sign-A large mediastinal node or a mass in Bronchogenic carcinoma
may transmit the tracheal sound .This can result in bronchial breath sound,
whispering pectoriloquy and rarely egophony in the inter scapular region.(Below
D4)
- Delbets sign-in aneurysm of limbs main artery .
- Demusset sign-See Alfred Demusset sign
- Deuels halo sign- This is x-ray finding in intrauterine death. The usual zone
of reduced density visible around the head of relatively mature fetus before
delivery appears to be separated from the cranium .The density of this zone will
be similar to that of the soft tissues. This can be demonstrated radiologically
within 3 days after the death of fetus.
- Dimple sign- Cart-Wheel pattern of fibroblast seen in Dermatofibrosarcoma
protuberans.
- Dimple sign(Fitzpatrick sign) in Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
- Docks sign- Rib notching in corctation of aorta.
- Dogs ear sign-in ascites .Radiodensity superior and lateral to the bladder
- Double bubble sign-is seen in the following conditions
Duodenal atresia,
Annular pancreas,
Duodenal stenosis
- Double duct sign in ERCP- Carcinoma pancreas
- Drawer sign- see Anterior drawer sign-(Bon bruise sign)
- Dresslers sign-Dull note in the lower part of sternum in pericardial
effusion.
- Drooping lily sign- is seen in renal pelvis with duplicated collecting system.
- Dubois sign- Short little finger in congenital syphilis.
- Dugas sign-is seen in fresh shoulder dislocation . The patient will not be
able to put the hand to the opposite shoulder with the elbow close to the body
.
- Duroziezs sign- diastolic murmur heard on the femoral artery on distal
compression.
(E)
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
- Hutchinsons sign- In Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus, when the tip of the nose is
involved ,the eye also will, be involved. This is because both the area are
supplied by nasociliary nerve.
- Hyppocratic sign- Succussion splash present in pyopneumothorax.
(I)
- Inverted mustache sign- seen in x -ray chest in congestive cardiac failure.
(J)
- Jacquemiers sign-(Chadwicks sign) bluish discoloration of the vagina will
be seen by about 4-8 weeks of pregnancy.
- Jellinek sign- Hyperpigmented lid in hyperthyroidism
- Joffroys sign-Absence of wrinkling on the forehead on looking upwards in
thyrotoxocisis.
(K)
- Kanavels sign- In infection of ulnar bursa ,there will be tenderness over
the part of the ulnar bursa lying in between the transverse palmar creases.
- Kehrs sign-pain referred to the left shoulder in rupture of spleen .The pain
is due to the contact of blood in the under surface of diaphragm .The pain is
mediated through the afferent fibres of the Phrenic nerve.
- Kernigs sign-The patient lies supine .The hip is flexed and the knee is
extended passively. In patients with meningitis there will be pain and spasm of
hamstrings.
It is positive in meningeal irritation and sub arachnoid haemorrhage. It is
relatively less important in infancy and early childhood as it may be negative
in spite of meningeal involvement. However, it is a very useful sign in older
children.
- Kestenbaums sign- is seen in optic atrophy. The number of capillaries that
cross the disc margin is reduced from a normal of 10 to 7 or less.
- Kiloh-Nevin sign-Ask the patient to form a O with the tip of the finger and
the index finger In patients with anterior interosseous syndrome, fine pinch
posture is abnormal.
- Kiss the-knee sign- Ask the child to sit and kiss the knee. In the presence
of Nuchal rigidity, the child cannot kiss the knee without bending the knee.
- Kochers sign-Frightened, staring look in Thyrotoxicosis.
- Knuckle sign- is seen in vessel occlusion due to thrombosis .there is an
abrupt tapering of the vessel distal to the occlusion.
- Kritchleys sign (Cortical thumb) in pyramidal tract lesion.
- Kussmauls sign- Inspiratory prominence of jugular veins in pericardial
effusion, constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy..
(L)
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
- Patellar apprehension sign-apply lateral pressure to the patella with the knee
extended to 30 degrees .and the quadriceps relaxed .The patient fears that the
patella may be dislocated and extends the knee thereby relocating the patella
to the normal position.
- Patellar tap sign- is seen in knee joint effusion. The effusion delays the
patellar tapping against the femur. ,when it is pressed firmly and quickly.
- Pedestal sign- is seen in cementless total hip arthroplasty, when there is
prosthetic loosening of the femoral stem
- Pelkens sign- is seen in scurvy. Thickened zone of provisional calcification
protruding beyond the border of the shaft.
- Pen Britton sign-In retrosternal thyroid, on lifting the upper limbs ,the
face is suffused, due to the pressure by the thyroid on the SVC
- Penetrating sign-A radiological finding in benign gastric ulcer. The ulcer
crater should project from the contrast filled lumen and erode in to the stomach
wall rather than in to the mass in the stomach wall.
- Phalens sign-In carpel tunnel syndrome ,the signs and symptoms will increase
on flexion of the wrist .On straightening these will improve. This is also known
as Wrist flexion test..
- Phelps sign is seen in Glomus jugulare.
- Pipe stem sign- is seen in Ulcerative colitis.
- Pillow sign- hairs on the pillow on getting up in nethertons syndrome.
- Platysma sign of Babinski- Loss of contraction on eversion of lower eyelid or
retraction of angles of mouth..
- Prayer sign-Is seen in diabetes. It is due to limited joint mobility
(Cheiroarthropathy) There is inability to extend, the interphalangeal joint to
180 degree or limited joint mobility of interphalangeal joints of at least one
finger bilaterally.
- Prehns sign- is seen in epididymo -orchitis .On elevation of the testis the
pain increases in torsion and in epididymo-orchitis the pain decreases.
- Pronator sign-Ask the child to hold the hands above the head with the palm
facing each other for some time. The patient will not be able to hold it in
same position. The hand on the affected side will be pronated and the palm will
face outwards
- Pseudo-babinski's sign
The plantar extensor response may be seen in the absence of
pyramidal tract lesions in the following conditions
1) Voluntary withdrawal
2) In plantar hyperaesthesia
3) Strong or painful stimulus,
4) In extrapyramidal lesions
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
pericardial effusion .
- Rovsings sign-In appendicitis, when the abdomen is pressed on the left iliac
region ,there will be pain in the right side. This is due to the stretching of
the inflamed peritoneum on the right side.
(S)
- Sail sign- The sail shaped shadow of the thymus in the upper mediastinal
shadow.
- Sandwich sign- Mesenteric adenopathy.
- Schamroths sign .This is seen in clubbing .Normally when the thumbs are
placed in close approximation to each other so that the nails are facing each
other a quadrangular space can be seen in between the thumbs. In clubbing
(Grade II or more) of the fingers this space will be obliterated. This is called
Shamroth sign.
- Scarf sign- The elbow crosses the midline when the arm is crossed across the
chest .Keep the head in the midline pull the hand across the chest .The elbow
will cross the midline in preterm babies..
- Schwartz sign- is seen in Otosclerosis. A pink tinge may be seen due to
otospongiotic mass (Flamingos tint)
- Scimitar sign- Crescentic shadow (Curved Turkish sword shaped shadow) of
vascular density along the right border of the cardiac silhouette. This is due
to anomalous pulmonary vein draining in to the inferior vena cava.
- Scottish dog sign- is seen in spondylolysis. The defect is in the pars
interarticularis.. It appears like a scottish dog wearing a collar .
- Sea gull sign- See Mercedes Benz sign
- Sectoral sign- is seen in Avascular necrosis of femoral head. The internal
rotation of the hip will be full with hip extended ,but will be grossly
restricted with the hip flexed.
- Seidels sign- Sickle shaped extension of the blind spot above or below ,or
both ,with the concavity of the sickle directed towards the fixation point.
This sign is seen in field defects ,in simple glaucoma
- Setting sun eye sign - Usually seen in hydrocephalus . - Normally the sclera
above the upper limbus will not be visible. In hydrocephalus , eyes deviate
downward because of the impingement of the dilated suprarenal recess on the
tectum. .In normal new born babies this may be visible transiently. In
kernicterus and hydrocephalus it will be persistent
- Shawl sign- In dermatomyosistis .there will be erythema over the upper back
and shoulders.
- Shoulder sign-The hypertrophied pyloric muscle will cause an indentation of
the barium filled antrum in patients with Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
- Shrug sign is seen in patello-femoral osteoarthritis.There will be pain ,when
the patella is compressed manually against the femur during quadriceps
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
contraction.
- Sore thumb sign-Acute Epiglottitis .
- Signet ring sign-seen in the x-ray of a patient with scurvy.
- Silk sign- on physical examination , thickening of the spermatic cord in
children with inguinal hernia. .It is elicited by palpating the spermatic cor d
at the pubic tubercle.
- Soft neurological signs is a particular form of deviant performance on a
motor or sensory test in a neurological examination that is abnormal for a
particular age. These are present in normal children at some stage of their
development like .repetitive and successive finger movements, foot taps,
hopping, tandem walking.
- Spaldings sign- This is a radiological feature of intrauterine death
overlapping of the skull bones at the sutural lines and shrinkage of the skull
contents in fetal death.
- Spatula sign- In tetanus, spasm of the child will be aggravated, when the
childs mouth is pressed with a spatula.
- Spooning sign is seen in chorea. Ask the patient to stretch the arms forward
and hold them parallel to the floor with the palms facing each other. The
affected arm will be flexed at the wrist and extended at the metacarpophalangeal
joints.
This resembles a dinner fork.( Dinner fork deformity)
- Steeple sign in croup.
- Steinberg sign- ( Thumb sign) -In Marfans syndrome ,Protrusion of the thumb
beyond the ulnar border of the hand ,when flexed across the palm..
- Step sign seen in
- Spondylolisthesis,
- Acromio clavicular dislocation.
- String of beads sign-in dilated small bowel filled with fluid, small bubbles
of gas may be trapped between the valvular conniventes
- Square root sign- on right ventricular pressure tracing in constrictive
pericarditis.
- Stellwag sign-(Staring look ) Infrequent blinking in Thyrotoxicosis.
- String sign-is seen in Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. In barium meal study the
elongated pyloric canal will be seen as a single line of barium. Some times it
will be seen as a double line.
- String sign of Kantor- in barium meal study.-Crohns disease is due to the
marked narrowing of the affected bowel.
- Sulcus sign a radiological sign in inferior dislocation of shoulder ,where
the head of the humerus lies below the glenoid.
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
- Tripod sign is seen in poliomyelitis. The child sits with the knees flexed and
both the hands placed behind him supporting on the back as if in the tripod
position. On stretching the legs the meninges are stretched which aggravates
the pain. By assuming the tripod position the stretching of the meninges is
avoided thereby the pain is reduced.
- Troisiers sign enlarged left supraclavicular node (Virchows node)due the
gastric malignancy.
- Trolley track sign -Signs in Ankylosing spondylitis Three vertical linerar
lines with increased density will be seen.
- Trousseaus sign-Phlebo thrombosis of superficial veins.
- Trousseau's sign-Ischemia of the upper limb is caused by inflating a
sphygmomanometer cuff above the arterial pressure for not more than 2-3 minutes
.. This will precipitate the carpopedal spasm.
-Trumbling bullet sign is seen in post-traumatic bone cyst.
- Trumpet sign- is seen in intervertebral disc herniation. Enlargement of the
nerve root seconday to edema.
- Throgmortons sign-Extension of the suspensory ligament of the penis prior to
micturition in newborn infants.
(V)
- Vacuum cleft sign- is seen in vertebra plana.
- Vallecular sign-Retention of barium in hypopharynx in patients with carcinoma
of larynx.
- Vascular sign of Narath- is seen in anterior dislocation of the hip joint. The
femorals are easily felt in Scarpas triangle.
- Verumonten sign- is seen in complete rupture of urethra. The prostate will be
floating in per rectal examination.
- Von Graefes sign- in Thyrotoxicosis. Lag of the upper lid on downward gaze.
- Von Rosens sign (Barlows sign ) In congenital instability of the hip joint
the hips are held flexed and abducted , A click can be heard when the femoral
head leaves the acetabulum .
- Victor Horsleys sign-The temperature will be 1-2 degree more on the
paralysed side.
(W)
- Water Lily sign- Hydatid cyst.
- Watenberg 's sign.-The fingers of the hand to be examined should be flexed and
interlocked to the examiners flexed fingers. A pull in the opposite direction
should be applied , so that the fingers of each other pull against other's
resistance. Normally the thumb extends. In the presence of cortical lesions the
thumb adducts and flexes.
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Rim sign
3) SIGNS IN HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS.
a) Target sign
b) Tram track signc) String sign
d) Beak sign
e) Shoulder sign
4) SIGNS OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISMa) Trousseau's signb) Chvosteks sign
5) EARLY SIGNS OF HYPOTHYROIDISMProlonged physiological jaundice,
Hypothermia,
Hypotonia,
Mottled skin,
(I )
1) INTUSSUSCEPTION Signs of intussusception are
a) Claw sign
b) Pitch fork sign in barium enema
c) oiled spring deformity
(K)
1) EARLY SIGNS OF KERNICTERUSPoor feeding
Lethargy
Altered cry
Altered behaviour
2) SIGNS OF KNEE JOINT EFFUSION
a) Patellar tap signb) Bulge sign
(L )
1) Lateralizing signs
In coma it will be difficult to recognize the focal neurological signs .The
following features wil indicate the side of the lesion
a)
Menace reflex (Asymmetric hemianopia)
b)
Facial weakness
c)
Abnormal tone
d) Response to painful stimuli
e)
Asymmetry in plantar response
f)
Asymmetry in tendon reflexes
g)
Asymmetry in decerebrate and decorticate positioning.
2) SIGNS IN LIVER FAILURE- Alopecia-Hair loss (loss of pubic and axillary hair)
- Parotid swelling
- Jaundice
- Abdominal distention
- Ecchymoses
- Paper money skin., spider nevi,
- White brittle nails
- Pruritis
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
- Foetor Hepaticus
- Palmar erythema,
- Duputryens contracture
- Gynaecomastia
- Caput medusa
- Gastrointestinal bleeds- Haematemesis
- Ascites
- Oedema
- Testicular atrophy
- Neurological signs- Asterixis
(M )
1) SIGNS IN MARFANS SYNDROME
a) Arachnodactyly-long and slender fingers and toes .
b) Steinbergs sign or thumb sign -The thumb may be adducted across the narrow
palm.
c) Wrist sign(N )
1) SIGNS OF NERVE PARESIS
Ulnar nerve paresis
a) Froments sign
b) Paper test for interosseous muscles
c) Claw hand
Median nerve- paresis . Median nerve is paralysed in Carpel tunnel syndrome
a) Pointing index-Ask the patient to close the fist .The
index finger will be pointing.
b) Simian or Ape like hand (Ape thumb deformity)The
thumb lies in the plane of the hand due to paralysis of the opponens and the
short flexor muscles.
c) Inability ot flex the interphalangeal joints due to
paralysis of flexor Pollicis Longus.
Radial nerve- paresis
a) Saturday night palsy
b) Wrist drop.
c) Finger drop, thumb drop.
Winging of scapula- Paralysis of serratus anterior (Nerve of Bell-Nerve to
serratus anterior)
2) SIGNS OF NECK RIGIDITY
a) Kernig's sign
b) Brudzinski sign Neck sign
Leg sign
c) Lassigue sign
d) Lhermitte 's sign
e) Tripod sign-in poliomyelitis
3) NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Foot ball sign- if Pneumoperitoneum is present.
(O)
1) OPTIC ATROPHY
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
7) SIGNS IN A PRETERMa) Scarf sign The elbow crosses the midline when the arm is crossed across the
chest.
b) Hip sign - The lower limb can be abducted for more than 160 degrees
(S )
1) THE SIGNS OF RECENT SCARLET FEVER
a) Desquamation of palms and soles
b) Pastias sign2) Signs in scoliosis
Reisser s sign-iliac apophysis fuses with the iliac bone at
maturity .This indicates a completion of growth.
3) SIGNS IN SPONDYLOLISTHESISBeheaded scottish terrior signScotty dog with collar sign
Incomplete ring sign
Inverted Napoleon hat sign is seen in Spondylolisthesis- of the L5
vertebral body.
4) SYPHILIS
Signs of congenital syphilis
Wimberger signX-ray knee bilateral erosion in upper medial end of
tibia
(T )
1) SIGNS OF LATENT TETANY- It can be elicited by the following signs
a) Trousseau's sign-Ischemia of the upper limb is caused by
inflating a sphygmomanometer cuff above the arterial pressure. This will
precipitate the carpopedal spasm.
b) Chvostek's sign-The facial nerve is tapped at its exit from the
stylomastoid foramen. This leads to brief twitching of the facial muscles.
c) Peroneal signd) Erbs sign
e) Hyperventilation will precipitate latent tetany.
2) THALASSEMIA
Hair on end appearance in X-ray skull
3) SIGNS OF THYROTOXICOSISa) Von Graefe sign- Lag of the upper lid on downward gaze.
b) Stellwag sign-Infrequent blinking
c) Dalrymple sign-(Lid retraction) Staring appearance
d) Joffroys sign-Absence of wrinkling on the forehead on looking
upwards
e) Moebius sign Lack of convergence of the eye ball
f) Widening of palpebral fissures
g) Jellinek sign- Hyperpigmented lid skin
h) Kochers sign- Frightened ,staring look.
4) TUBERCULOSIS
Sign in ileocecal tuberculosis
a) Fleischner sign- Inverted umbrella defect due to a wide gap
between the thickened patulous ileicecal valve and narrowed ulcerated terminal
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
ileum .
b) Stierlins sign- Th e terminal ileum empties in to the stenotic
ascending colon with non-opacification of the fibrotic and contracted caecum.
(V)
1) SIGNS IN DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
a) Moses sign-On pressing the calf muscles directly ,tenderness
will be present
b) Pratts sign-Calf tenderness on squeezing the calf from the
sides.
c) Homans sign-Calf tenderness on forced ankle dorsiflexion.
d) Phlegmasia alba dolens-Painful white leg.
e) Phlegmasia cerula dolens-Painful blue leg
2) SIGNS OF VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES
a) Signs of Vitamin A deficiency
Bitots spots
Xerosis (Corneal & conjunctival)
Keratomalacia
Toad skin-Phrynoderma
b) Signs of Vitamin D deficiency-Rickets-Bossing of skull, Rachitic rosary,
Harrison sulcus, genu varum ,genu valgus, Genu recurvatum
Hot cross bun appearance of skull, widening of wrists, double malleoli,
Craniotabes
X ray signs in Rickets
X-ray wrists - Cupping and fraying
- saucer like epiphyseal end
c) Signs of Vitamin K deficiency-Petechiae, purpura
d) Signs of Vitamin E deficiency-Anemia (hemolytic)
e) Signs of Vitamin B deficiency Angular stomatitis,cheilosis-Pellagra
Beri Beri-Thiamine, Edema-Wet beri beri, neuritis Dry Beri beri
Dermatitis Niacin-Casal necklace
Glossitis
Jerks- Ankle jerk (Vitamin B12 )
Tongue Magenta red tongue-in riboflavin deficiency
Beefy red tongue(Red ,painful ,swollen)-Niacin deficiency
Bald tongue- Vitamin B 12 deficiency.
Vascularisation of cornea , Angular stomatitis ,Angular blepharitis- Riboflavin
deficiency .
Keratitis
Seborrhoeic dermatitis -Face ,Scrotum.
f) Signs of Vitamin C deficiency-Bleeding gums, woody leg
SIGNS IN SCURVY-Bony changes are more around the knee joint
a) Corner sign Projection of the white line laterally away from the
limit of the shaft will lead to formation of spur or marginal cleft.
b) Pelkens sign-Pelken spur- due to fracture of the Metaphyseal corner.
c) Wimbergers sign
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
4) Flexion of the
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,
Ph : 0091 9052887722 ,