The Hashemite University Internal Combustion Engines Faculty of Engineering ‘Second Semester 2006/2007 Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. Ismael Al-Hinti First Exam aA ‘Name. Number: Kx (a Y. Time allowed: 50 minutes only. Total Mark: 120 ‘Answer on the same sheet. . Q1/ Pick the most appropriate answer: (5 marks) 1- L-head engine has: Its valves In the head of the engine Its valves In the block of the engine (©) Its intake valves in the head and its exhaust valves in the block (d) Its exhaust valves in the head and its intake valves in the block 2. A flat engine (opposed cylinder) is often found in (a) Small cars (b) Heavy duty trucks (c) Stationary engines 6 ‘Small aircrafts 3 In throttle body fuel injection: (One injector is used for all cylinders (b) Each cylinder has its own injector (©) Injection takes place in the cylinder itself (d) Injection is dependant on the pressure differential 4- In comparison with S.I. engines, C.1. engines produce: (a) More CO and CO; emissions (b) More CO and less CO; emissions (<) More CO; and less CO emissions Guess CO and CO; emissions 5- Athigh engine speeds: S.I. engines are more powerful than C.1. engines (6) C.l. engines are more powerful than S.I. engines (©) C.l. engines produces higher torque (d) S.l. engines consume less fuel 6- The crown in an I.C. engine is: {a) Part of the crankcase (©) The top surface of the piston (6) The link between the camshaft and the intake valve (d) The groove of the oil ring on the piston 7- The sfc of an engine can be decreased by (a) Increasing the speed Increasing the compression ratio (© Increasing the AVF ratio (d) None of the above8- Pumping losses increase: (a) With the use of turbochargers (b) With the use of superchargers © At partially closed throttle (d) At wide open throttle (a) The piston is at the TDC The piston is at the BDC (c) The transfer port is open ¥ (d) The transfer port is closed 9- The Om volume in the crankcase of a two stroke engine is achieved when: 5) 10- The fresh charge in a two stroke engine is introduced into the combustion chamber: (a) Through the intake valve © Through the transfer port (©) When the exhaust port is closed (d) When the piston is at the TDC Q2/ The following P-V diagram is for a small 2-cylinder diesel engine that operates on an air standard dual cycle: (4 marks) (a) Find the following Pa Eaaeaneae * Compression ratio ‘3000 + Ez ‘2500 * Displacement volume ow 2000 + Pressure ratio ~ 3 €) +1000 5 + Cutoff ratio =) 50 “A ) ° jo | 8 100 180 200 250 300 360 400 450 s00 $80 i ‘Volume (ee) (b) Assuming that c, = 1.000 ki/kg.K and o, = 0.714 kulkg.K throughout the cycle, find TdT yo s(t) rene oP 7 a tes past tos et (os) " . - eeaz + Explain why nearly all two-stroke engines are finned and turbocharged. (2 marks) te Fitatd | Because oft Tos “ fing since Ter a engine does nat bh avagh pr~s cteceats op le t_dirsigate beat Thiago Scavenging Diecast ty jactease Ths trend efferent y * Give two reasons why in I.C. engines the average piston speed is limited between 10-15 mis. (2 marks) 4- Fo > SSO y 22 Ta alles for suffrrient charg fo te) Prrvig tun radves £c te tue bt oy WA aa te size ao Pos vadncs) » Q 4/A naturally aspirated four-cylinder, four-stroke C.|. engine has a bore of 91 mm. and a stroke of 76 mm is tested in the lab on a dynamometer set. It produces a torque of 96 N.m at a speed of 4500 rpm. The volumetric efficiency is equal to 80%, the mechanical efficiency is equal to 85%, and the bsfc is equal to 0.256 kg/kW.h. If the calorific value of the fuel is equal to 42000 kJ/kg, Find the following: (7 marks) + The Indicated power produced by the engine (kW) + The brake mean effective pressure (bar) ‘+ The brake thermal efficiency (%) © The Air fuel ratio WDB eS : 6 -3 V4FF x10 7 ow aad Va A Balke Powers 27 TN Go)(see ce > H4V 2 ki = 27 # Tadicated RoserS24 ks ,2 (at, sos « : smo Nak 9 es neoe lt aoc OCuee 1197PAI0 2610.2 ka = 6.102 bar * bsfe = wry P rapt used 42 6 SBT ky Lhe 2522 gh . . Pa x 100%, Tn ny ©: . ee eter Fp ye ne Oe aa Pi i wale a 2 Cle “a = = 166 9 Log 5 - qed aE 4sb0 Tt. ree cores e ae * AIF = 2 gee = 21.33