.

76

.
.
.
. . ()1
.

.
4 1

.
.
.
4 .

:
) . ) .
41
. 41 .

. 4 2
d F
F

WF = Fd

(4)1

()

()
1

.

2 F

d .

N.m . J
. ( ) .
77

10m
41 4N

4 1:
:
W = Fd
W = 4*10=40J

0/5
41 30

W = Fd
:
W=30*0/ =15J

3
.

:
F d
WF = Fdcos

(4)2

3 F
d .

4 1 .
=0

6 .
4 3 N
.
4 2:
:
WF = Fdcos
WF = 50*3*cos60= 7J

4 2 .
78

d .
m F

)
) F
180 ( ).
:)
4 2:

Wmg = mgdcos180
= -mgd
d

:
F ( d)
)

d
d

180

()

mg

d
d

WF = Fd cos0
= Fd

180

180

()

mg

mg

mg

mg

F
m
k .:
) . F
) .
) .
) .

:
)
) .
:) .
:
W = Fd = mg * 0 = 0J
)
.
79

m
d .

:
.
9 :
.
W = Fdcos = mgdcos90 =0J

4 5 4 6
.
4 2

( )1 m v

(4)

1
K = mv2
2

.
.
.

. .
.
1

) .) .
N

vf

vi

F
)(1

)(2
mg

Vi Vf .

.
m
.
d .
F

:
F

W = Fd

F :

F = ma
( )2 .
F vi
( )1 vf
2 14:

v2f v2i = 2ad

:
a
v2f v2i
2d

(4)

F=m

:


()

1
1
W = mv2f mv2i
2
2

( )2

( )1.

(4 )
Kf Ki
:
(4 )6

W = Kf - Ki

.
6 .

4 6 .

.
Kf > Ki
Kf < Ki
Kf = Ki .

.
8

800 .
80kg . 5m/s
( . 10m/s2 ).
: .
:

= Kf - Ki +WW
1
1
= mv2f mv2i
2
2
1
= 80 52 0 80 10 800 1+ W
2

mghcos0 + W

= -639000 J = 1000 W 640000 +W

0/5 kg
2/5 m
200N

1200kg 72km/h .
.
.

: :
72 1000
= 20 m / s
3600

82

= vi

:
1
1
K i = mv2i = 1200 202 = 240000J
2
2

Kf =0J.

.
:
Wf + WN + Wmg= kf - ki

.:

mg
d

Wf+0+0=0-240000
Wf = -240000J

.
9

3 36km/h .
. .
0/8
( g =10m/s2 ).
:
:
.

Wf+ WN+ Wmg= Kf- Ki

. m/s .
1
Wf + 0 + 0 = 0 3000102 Wf = 150000J
2
Wf = f k d cos = k mgd cos180

150000 = 0 / 8 300010 d (1) d = 6 / 25m

.
2
( ).
.
v = vi + vf = x vi .

2
t
.

6 .

hf

hi

mg

5
hi

hf .

.

.
m hi
( 4 .) hf
. :
( = mgd cos180 = mg )hf-hi( )-1 W
( = - ) mghf - mghi
( ) m h
U= mgh . :

()7

= - )Uf - Ui ( = -UW

.
7

.

10

25kg

. 8 :
) .
) g =10m/s2( .
).
)
Ui= mghi = 25 *10* 8 = 2000J
Uf= mghf = 25 *10* 0 =0J
)
= -U=Ui- Uf =2000 -0 = 2000JW

11

m hi hf .
.
:
:

= K + WW
.
()K=
h
= -W =0 W +W W
:
7

h
.
( = -U = -)mghf - mghiW
.

( = -)-U( = +)mghf - mghiW
f

.

.
( )6
.
:
= -UW

6 20J .
15J
)
.
)

:
)
( = - ) Uf - Ui = - UW
J.

= - ) 15 - 0( = -15 JW
) :
= Kf - Ki + W + W + WW
= - 5J +0+0=0-20 W-15 +W
3

.
4 4

.

Ki Kf Ui Uf .
:
( = - U = - ) Uf - UiW

:

= K = Kf - KiW
:

- ) Uf - Ui ( = Kf- Ki

Ui + Ki = Uf+ Kf
.
E .
Ei = Ef

.
86

13

.


5/2 )g =10m/s2( .
:
Ef = Ei

5 / 20m

1m

1
1
mgh f + mv2f = mgh i + mv2i
2
2

m
vf .
1
1
10 5 / 2 + v2f = 10 1+ (10)2
2
2
vf = 4m / s

25
20m/s .
g =10m/s2
.
:
.

25m

1
1
E f = Ei mgh f + mv2f = mgh i + mv2i
2
2

1
1
gh f + v2f = gh i + v2i
2
2
1
1
0 + v f 2 = 10 25 + 202 v f = 30m s
2
2

m
A .
.

87

= K = Kf - Ki + W W
.

( = - U = - ) Uf - UiW
:

+ )- U( = K W
= K + U W
= Kf - Ki + Uf - Ui W
=) Kf + Uf ( - )Ki+ Ui( = Ef - Ei
.

.
.
15

10m/s 10kg

20m/s .
g =10m/s2( .).

=Ef -Ei W
) = (K f + U f ) (K i + Ui

1
1
) = ( mv2f + mgh f ) ( mv2i + mgh i
2
2

10m/s.

1

) = ( 10 202 + 0) ( 10102 + 1010 50 W

2
2
= -3500J W

88

. .
4 1

. 6
. .
.
.

F W t .

) P ( F :
(4 )8

W
t

=P

SI ( )J/s .
. ( )W .

.
16

500kg . 10s
6
( g = 10m/s2) .

:
:

= K + WW
=0 -mg)hf - hi( +W
( = mg )hf-hiW
= 500*10* 6 =30000J W
:
W
30000
=
= 3000W
t
10

=P

( )
.
( )
.

. ( 2)
. 4 8
.
89


()
t=PE

=
P

t=PE

.
.

( )8

__________________________ =

.
= %
.

.

90km/h 6 100km .
7

3/5 J 65 .
.
)
)
) ( )hp 746 .

20
7
7
:
= (6lit)(3 / 5 10 J lit)( ) = 4 / 210 JE
100

100
100
=h
3600s = 4000S
90
90

=t

7
= 6 3 / 5 10 0 / 2 = 1 / 05 104 WP

4 103

1 / 05 104
= 14 hp
746

. %60
kg .
9

.
.
.


.

.
.
.

730

. 786 795
:
( ) :
.
:
.
:


.
.

.
801
.
.
.

.
809 .

1 A B . A B
.
) B A .
) A B .
) .
) .
2 .
3 .
. .
4 A B

1 50 . 5 .
.
) .
) 2m/s 2.
1 .
2

3 10 300m/s 500 .
)
)
)
) .
)v (m/s

4 5kg
. ) )
.

4
)t (s

92

5 200kg 3m
. 10cm

. 60N

.
)

.
)
.
6 24 500m/s
12cm

m

10cm

. 30
7 72km/h

. .
0/5
.
1km/s / km/s .
8 50g
( 1/5 m ).
9 50kg
.
) 100

)
30m/s .

10 .
200N 1/0 m 7kg
200g 1/5 m 10m/s .
11

12
.
A
B C

.

A
20m

16m

13 200
900km/h .
(
).

B
y

v0

14 70 50
. 30 .
15 m l 60
.
)
) ( ).

60

16 100 .
200MW. 80
( 1000kg).
3
0/8
17 0/8 m /s H = 15m .


1000kg .

. %20
18

. 60 8s 2m .

19 10 3 80 m . 80kg
1000Kg
9