CHNG I:

KHAI NIM CHUNG V

BAO V R LE TRONG HT

(RELAY PROTECTION IN ELECTRIC SYSTEM)

KHAI NIM
CAC YU CU C BAN
KY HIU
S NI DY BI & RL

I. KHAI NIM:
BVRL la mt thit b t ng ghi
nhn, phat hin va phan ng i vi
cac dang h hong va tnh trang lam
vic khng bnh thng trong HT.
BV1

BV2

BV5

BV3

BV4

BV7

BV6

Ghi nhn: tnh trang h hong hoc tnh trang

lam vic khng bnh thng cua cac phn t.
Phat hin: phn t b h hong hoc lam
vic khng bnh thng

BV1

BV2

BV5

BV3

BV4

BV7
BV7

BV6
BV6

Phan ng:
Tac ng ct: cach ly phn t b h
hong ra khoi h thng in (ct MC).
Bao tn hiu: Khi phn t lam vic khng
bnh thng (tn hiu chung, en, coi)
Bao v rle: dung rle bao v cac phn t cua HT

II. CAC YU CU C BAN:

(BASE

REQUIREMENTS)

1. CHON LOC:
(SELECTIVITY)
Chon loc la kha nng cua bao v co th phat
hin va loai tr ung phn t b s c ra khoi h
thng.

BV1

BV2

BV5

BV3

BV4

BV7

BV6

V du: khi N2 th BV5 tac ng ct MC5

khi h hong MBA th BV7 tac ng ct MC7

 Bao v co tnh chon loc tuyt i:

Lam vic khi s c xay ra trn chnh
phn t c bao v.
Khng lam nhim vu d phong cho bao
v t cac phn t ln cn.

BV1

BV2

BV5
BV5

BV3

BV4

BV7

N2

BV6

N3

 Bao v co tnh chon loc tng i:

Bao v chnh cho phn t c bao
v.
Chc nng d phong cho bao v t
cac phn t ln cn.

BV1

BV2

BV5
BV5

BV3

BV4

BV7

BV6

N3

HONG

2. TAC NG NHANH: (SPEED)

Ct nhanh phn t b ngn mach:
Han ch c mc pha hoai phn t o.
Giam c thi gian trut thp in ap cac
h tiu thu.
Cang co kha nng gi c n nh HT.
Thi gian ct ngn mach: tCNM = tBV + tMC

tBV

tMC

tCNM

giam thi gian ct ngn mach cn phai:

giam thi gian tac ng cua thit b bao v rle
(mu thun vi yu cu chon loc), v vy tuy
iu kin cu th cn xem xet ky cang hn.

3. NHAY:

(SENSITIVITY)

nhay c trng cho kha nng phn

bit s c cua rle hoc bao v.
IN = IKD
N
Vung BV
chnh

Vung khi
ng

c biu din bng h s nhay:

Kn = IN / IK
Gii han nhay:
IN = IK

3. NHAY:

(SENSITIVITY)

IN = IKD
N
Vung BV
Vung khi
chnh
ng

nhay phu thuc nhiu yu t:
* Ch lam vic cua h thng (max, min)
* Dang ngn mach (N(3), N(2), N(1,1), N(1))
* V tr im ngn mach (xa, gn)
Tuy theo vai tro cua bao v ma yu cu
nhay cung khac nhau. Yu cu:
* Bao v chnh:

Kn = 1,5 - 2

* Bao v d phong:

Kn = 1,2 - 1,5

4. TIN CY:

(REABILITY)

tin cy la kha nng am bao cho thit b

bao v lam vic ung, chc chn.
Ngi ta phn bit:
tin cy tac ng: la mc chc chn
rng rle hoc bao v se tac ng ung.
Bao v phai lun lun sn sang khi ng va
tac ng mt cach chc chn khi ngn mach
trong vung bao v.

BV1

BV2

BV5
BV5

BV3

BV4

BV7

N2

BV6

4. TIN CY:

(REABILITY)

tin cy khng tac ng: la mc

chc chn rng bao v se khng lam vic sai.

Bao v khng c tac ng khi ngn mach

ngoai. Nu lam nhim vu d tr th khi ngn
mach trong vung d tr, bao v khng c
tac ng khi bao v chnh t gn ch
ngn mach hn cha tac ng.

BV1

BV2

BV5
BV5

BV3

BV4

BV7

BV6

N3

III. KY HIU:
S :

_
_
_
_

(SYMBOL)

S khi
S nguyn ly
S khai trin
S thi cng ( lp t, u ni
...)

Ky hiu bao v: bng ch theo G.O.S.T cua LIN X c

VIT NAM hoa va ky hiu bng s theo tiu chun ANSI.

Tn baov
Baov
quadong_ BVQD

Ky hiu
ch Ky hiu
s
BVRImax , I> , I>>

50, 51

Baov
quadongcohng BVRI + RW , I>

67

Baov so
lch_BVSL

BVRSL , I

87

Baov
khoang
cach_BVKC BVRZ , Z<

21

Ky hiu
rle:
U VAO:
Tn Rle: RI, RU, RW, RZ, RSL,
RT, RTh, RG . . .

2
1RI

U RA: Tip im
Thng m NO
Thng kn NC
ong chm
M chm
CACH ANH S: 1RI, 2RI . . . , 1RI1, 1RI2. . .

IV. S NI DY BI RL:
1. S sao hoan toan:
IA

IB

Ia

IR

IC

Ib

= If

Ks = IR/IT = 1

1RI

2RI

3RI

Ic

BI : Y
RL : Y

2. S sao khuyt:
IA

IB

IC

1RI

Ia

Ic

IR = If
Ks = IR/IT = 1

2RI

IV

BI : V
RL : V

3. S tam giac:

IA

IB

Ia

IC

Ib

1RI

Ic

IR = 3 .If

Ks = IR/IT = 3

2RI

3RI

IR

BI :
RL : Y

4. S s 8:
IA

IB

IC

RI
IR

Ia

Ic

IR = 3 .If

Ks = IR/IT = 3

5. Kha nng lam vic cua cac s :

Xet ngn mach 2 pha cham t tai

2 im khac nhau trong mang co trung
tnh cach t:
a. Trn cung mt tuyn ng dy:

A
B

IB(1,1)

IB(1,1)
IC(1,1)
NC

NB

Bao v ni Y khuyt hay s 8: oan gn

ngun hn b ct. iu o khng hp l.
Bao v ni Y hoan toan: oan xa ngun b
ct v co thi gian be hn.

b. Trn hai xut tuyn khac nhau:

A B

C
IB(1,1)
NB

IC(1,1)
NC

Bao v ni Y hoan toan va co thi gian

lam vic nh nhau: ca hai tuyn ng
dy u b ct ra. iu o khng hp l.
Bao v ni Y khuyt hay s 8 (BI t 2
pha A va C): ch co mt ng dy b ct.