1

ng Dng Kh Nhiu Tch Cc Cho Headphone Trn Kit DSP 6713

L Tin Lc(1) Hong nh Chin(2)
(1)(2)
Khoa in - in T Trng H Lc Hng
Email: tienloclhu@gmail.com
Tm tt: Bi bo trnh by cch xy dng h thng kh nhiu tch cc ng
dng cho Headphone dng cc thut ton kh nhiu LMS, RLS v Fast LMS.
Sn phm l Headphone ANC c kh nng t ng kh ting n mi trng
bn ngoi. Cc kt qu m phng trn my tnh v thc nghim u cho thy
p ng tt vi nhiu trong mi trng thc t.
T kha: ANC, Noise cancellation LMS, RLS, Fast LMS.
1. GII THIU
1.1 H Thng ANC ([5],[7])
Thng thng, cc thit b lm gim ting n th ng (phng php cch m)
c s dng gim bt ting n. Tuy nhin phng php ny thng khng hiu qu
vi cc ting n tn s thp. Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) l mt phng php
gim ting n ch ng. ANC c lm bng cch a vo 1 dng sng chng nhiu
thng qua ngun ph. H thng ANC kh nhiu dng khi nim ph hy bng s giao
thoa. Khi 2 dng sng sin chng ln nhau, dng sng ra ph thuc vo bin , tn s
v pha ca 2 dng sng trn. Nu dng sng ngun v dng sng o ca n gp nhau
ti cng 1 thi im, kt qu l s kh s xy ra. Kh khn l vic nhn ra dng tn hiu
gc v to ra tn hiu dng sng o m khng c thi gian tr v mi phng din ti
nhiu s tng tc v chng nhau.

Hnh 1.1: Kh tn hiu bng 2 dng sng ngc pha 1800

1.2 Tnh Cn Thit:
Theo bo co ca T chc Sc Khe Th gii, nhiu v rung chn l nguyn
nhn gy ra cm gic kh chu v nguy hi n sc kho ca con ngi. Nhng phm
vi cn thit kim sot nhiu nh: Nhiu do ng c, my mc, cc cng trnh.
Phng php truyn thng kh nhiu m thanh l dng k thut th ng nh
che chn, ro cn, v b gim m lm suy yu ting n khng mong mun. B gim
th ng c a chung bi suy hao cao vi dy tn rng, tuy nhin n tng i
ln, t tin v khng c hiu qu tn s thp. Mt khc, h thng ANC lm gim c
hiu qu ting n tn s thp ni m phng php th ng th khng hiu qu hay
rt t tin, s.

Quan trng hn, ANC c th hn ch ngng s la chn. ANC ang pht trin
nhanh v n cho php ci thin trong iu khin nhiu, vi tim nng v kch thc,
trng lng, m lng v gi c.
1.3 Mt S ng Dng Trong Thc T
Vic loi b ting n c bit hu ch cho ngi lao ng, iu hnh hoc lm
vic gn my mc nng v ng c. Ting n c loi b c chn lc v th cho php
vic tip nhn cc m thanh mong mun, chng hn nh lnh iu hnh v tn hiu bo
ng.
Ting n cabin xe t, trong khoang li my bay l mt s kt hp ca ting n
t nhiu ngun khc nhau, ch yu l nhng ng c, gi, v cnh qut. V vy, cc phi
cng my bay thng xuyn eo tai nghe gim ting n trnh nhng m thanh khng
mong mun gip cho phi cng cng nh cc hnh khch nghe li cnh bo v hng
dn mt cch hiu qu.
Trong bnh vin chn on cc khim khuyt thnh lc ca con ngi cn c
phng cch m phng chng ting n bn ngoi, thc hin c yu cu l rt tn
km. Headphone kh nhiu c th c dng trong trng hp ny.
Trong giao tip hng ngy khi chng ta gi in thoi i khi ta khng mun
ngi m thoi nghe c nhiu mi trng quanh ta, mt b ANC gn km vo in
thoi c th gii quyt tt vn ny. l mt s ng dng ln ca thit b kh nhiu
tch cc. Phn ln kh ting n yu cu m thanh phi c kh ti ngun, nh l t
loa.
II. PHNG PHP THC HIN
2.1 Tng Quan H Thng ANC ([4], [6])
Trong hnh 2.1, m hnh bn tri l m hnh tai nghe. ng trn tng trng l
Microphone. C 2 micro trn tai nghe, mt ci bn ngoi v 1 ci bn trong. Ci
Microphone bn ngoi gi l microphone tham chiu dng o lng nhiu gn tai
nghe v c kt ni vi ng vo DSP Starter KIT (DSK). DSK thch nghi vi ng ra
l o ca nhiu bng cch bin i t ng vo. Microphone bn trong gi l
microphone li s nhn bit sai s gia ting n t ngun nhiu v tn hiu o to ra
bi DSK. Tn hiu sai s s hi tip li DSK, h s cp nht h s cho b lc da trn
c s s hi tip ny. M hnh bn phi l m hnh tng ng ca tai nghe.

Hnh 2.1: S m tai nghe ANC v m hnh tng ng

2.2 Cc Thut Ton Thng Dng
2.2.1 Thut Ton LMS [1], [3], [6], [10]

T c trng ca m thanh ngun nhiu v mi trng khc nhau, tn s, bin

, gc pha v tc m ca nhiu khng mong mun l khng c nh. Mt h thng
ANC phi c kh nng thich nghi gii quyt s thay i . Lc thch nghi iu
chnh h s ca n cho sai s tn hiu l nh nht v c th thc hin c p ng
xung hu hn (FIR), p ng xung v hn (IIR), v b lc min tn s thay i. Dng
chung nht ca b lc thch nghi l b lc ng ngang (transversal filter) s dng
thut ton bnh phng trung bnh nh nht (the least mean-square (LMS) algorithm).
Hnh 2 trnh by cu trc b lc thch nghi. V c bn l mt b lc iu chnh c
vi ng vo l X v ng ra l Y. Mc ch ca chng ta l gim thiu s khc bit gia
d v Y, trong d l tn hiu mong mun.

Hnh 2.2: Cu trc b lc thch nghi

1. Lc to ng ra :
y(n) = u(n)w(n)
2. c lng li :
e(n) d (n) y(n)

(2.1)
(2.2)

3. Cp nht tap trng s :

vi
(2.3)
Vo lc mi bt u thut ton nu ta bit trc c tnh ca mi trng th ta
thit lp cho w, cn khng ta cho gi tr u bng 0.
Cc phng trnh c vit trn l dng phc ca thut ton LMS. mi bc
cp nht thut ton cn c c d liu gn y nht ca u(n), d(n) v w(n).
iu kin cn thit cho gii thut hi t theo ngha trung bnh bnh phng l:
0

2
NangLuongTapNgoVao

(2.4)

2.2.2 Thut Ton RLS (Recursive least squares algorithm): ([1], [9])
Thut ton Recusive Least-Squares( RLS) c xem nh trng hp c bit
ca b lc Kalman. Thut ton RLS l mt cng c quan trng cho vic xc nh cc h
s ca b lc thch nghi tuyn tnh. Thut ton RLS tng phc tp, s lng cc
php ton, v tin cy. Do , RLS a ra hi t nhanh hn v li t hn, nhng
i li yu cu ph tn cho nhiu s tnh ton hn.
Khi thut ton LMS tm li ti thiu ha, n ch ngh n gi tr li hin ti, cn
trong thut ton RLS, mi li c xem l li ton cc t lc bt u n im d liu
hin thi. Thut ton RLS da trn vic bt u vi gii php ti u v sau khi dng

mi mu vo cp nht p ng xung nhm duy tr qu trnh ti u ha. S bc cn

thit v trc tip c nh ngha qua mi mu thi gian. iu ny c ngha l thut
ton RLS s dng nhng thng tin t tt c cc mu u vo qu kh c lng ma
trn t tng quan ca vector d liu u vo.
(2.5)
Vi e(n) l li ti thi im n c tnh nh sau :
e(n)= d(n) - y(n)
y(n)=w(n-1)u(n)
Vi k(n) l vector tc cho bi cng thc sau :
k ( n)

(2.6)
(2.7)

1P n 1 u (n)

1 1u H n P n 1 u (n)

(2.8)

Vi P(n) l ma trn tng quan cho ti thi im n

Vi l h s m ca trng s c cho trong khong
di b lc

(2.9)
< < 1. Vi L chiu

2.2.3 Thut Ton Fast LMS ([2], [9])

Thay v cp nht vector trng s mi mu nh LMS chun:
(2.10)
Block LMS cp nht vector trng s mi L mu:
(2.11)
Fast LMS da trn c s Block LMS. Vn t ra l lm th no ng dng n theo
tiu ch hiu qu v tnh ton, thay v qu trnh thch nghi din ra min thi gian, qu
trnh thch nghi ca cc tham s thc s thc hin trn min tn s thng qua gii thut
FFT. Ta a v min tn s gim bt gnh nng tnh ton.
Sau y l s khi ca gii thut:

Hnh 2.3: S khi thut ton Fast LMS

Ta chn block c kch thc l 2N. Thut ton hot ng theo cc bc sau:
1. u tin ta a tn hiu input u(n) v min tn s bng php bin i FFT
U(k) = FFT{u(n)}
(2.12)
2. Ng ra Y(k) min tn s c tnh bi php nhn U(k).W(k)
Y(k) = U(k).W(k)
(2.13)
Sau Y(k) s qua php bin i IFFT tr v min thi gian
y(n)= IFFT{Y(k)}
(2.14)
Tip theo ta cn lu li gi tr y(n) tnh ton cho vng lp tip theo
3.
Sai s ng
ra c tnh theo cng thc:
e(n) = d(n) - y(n) vi d(n) l tn hiu mong mun (2.15)
Sau tn hiu sai s cn add thm khi Zero v chuyn v min tn s
E(k) = FFT{zero, e(n)}
(2.16)
4.
Sau khi tnh
ton lin hp ca U(k) n s c nhn vi li trong min tn s v chuyn tt
c v min thi gian to ra g(n)
g(n) = IFFT{E(k).U*(k)}
(2.17)
5.
Phng trnh
cp nht trng s W(k) c tnh bng
W1(k)= FFT{g(n)}
(2.18)
W(k) = W1(k) + W1(k+1)
(2.19)
phc tp tnh ton
Xem thut ton FLMS, mi N-point FFT v (IFFT) i hi xp x Nlog2N php
nhn thc, N=2M. Theo nh s khi trn, c 5 ln chuyn i thc hin, nn c
5Nlog2N php nhn. Thm vo , s tnh ton vector ng ra y vng tn s yu cu 4N
php nhn, tng t nh vy i vi bc tnh tng quan cho trong c lng vector
gradient. Do vy tng cng php nhn trong thut ton Fast LMS l:
5Nlog2N+8N=10Mlog22M+16M=10Mlog2M+26M
T s phc tp ca thut ton Fast LMS i vi thut ton LMS c in l:
Complexity ratio =
III. KT QU M PHNG THUT TON
m phng cc thut ton trn ta tin hnh kh nhiu cho tn hiu m thanh (l
1 on nhc) b lm nhiu cha trong file Tin_hieu_nhieu.wav v nhiu cha trong
file nhieu.wav, tn hiu nguyn mu cha trong file Tin_hieu.wav (a vo ch so
snh), 3 file ny c cha trong th mc word ca matlab.
S khi ca b lc tng qut vi cc tn hiu vo l cc file m thanh cha trong
word ca matlab.
- Nhiu s vo ng vo input.
- Tn hiu b nhiu cn lc vo ng vo desired, tn hiu chun vo d dng so snh
kt qu.
- Khi Results dng bo kt qu lc.
3.1 Kt Qu M Phng Thut Ton LMS:

- Chn ln bc l 0.01
- Trng s khi to ban u l 0.005
Kt qu kh nhiu LMS:

a)Tn hiu nguyn mu

b) Tn hiu nhiu

c) Tn hiu b nhiu nh hng

d) Tn hiu khi qua b lc LMS
Hnh 3.1: Kt qu m phng LMS tn hiu thc
Nhn xt:
Ta nhn thy sai bit c bin nh hn 0.1. Kt qu m phng tt, bin nhiu l
nh khng ng k, m thanh nghe lc u cn nhiu sau gim nhanh, tuy nhin da
vo th d nhn thy nhiu vn cn tn ti.
3.2 Kt Qu M Phng Thut Ton RLS:
Chn thng s bn trong b cp nht trng s nh sau:
- Chn
- W(0) = 0
- Delta = 0.01
- P(0) = I/delta.
Kt qu kh nhiu RLS:

a) Tn hiu nguyn mu

b) Tn hiu nhiu

c) Tn hiu b nhiu nh hng

d) Tn hiu khi qua b lc
Hnh 3.2: Kt qu m phng RLS tn hiu thc
Nhn xt:
Ta thy b lc kh nhiu rt tt. Tn hiu thu c rt ging tn hiu mong mun
mc d tn hiu b nhiu kh ln. Da vo th v trc quan (nghe on nhc sau lc

trn simulink) ta thy tc hi t ca thut ton nhanh hn gii thut LMS v p

ng tt hn nhiu b loi b gn nh hon ton.
3.3 Kt Qu M Phng Thut Ton FAST LMS:
- Chn ln bc l 0.01
- Trng s khi to ban u l 0.005
Kt qu kh nhiu FLMS:

a) Tn hiu nguyn mu

b) Tn hiu nhiu

c) Tn hiu b nhiu nh hng

d) Tn hiu khi qua b lc
Hnh 3.3: Kt qu m phng Fast LMS tn hiu thc
Nhn xt:
Da vo th v thi gian p ng ca h thng ta thy tc x l c
ci thin nhanh hn hai gii thut trc rt nhiu. Nhiu b loi b ngay t khi khi
ng h thng. m thanh nghe gn nh tn hiu nguyn mu.
IV. KT QU THC HIN TI
4.1 Kh Nhiu Tch Cc Mt Ng Vo:
Loa pht
nhiu
Ng ra Kit
DSP ni
vi
Heaphone

Micro thu
nhiu

Micro thu
tn hiu
b nhiu

Hnh 4.1: Phn cng dng trong m hnh ANC

Mt ng vo y l m hnh di c 1 tn hiu thu t thc t (tn hiu cn lc
ra). ngha m hnh ny l vi 1 tn hiu b ph hng bi nhiu v mu ca nhiu
ta hon ton c th ly tn hiu ra khi tn hiu b ph hng bi nhiu. Hm truyn
ng th nht t micro thu nhiu n khi denoise l mt b lc thng thp.

Hnh 4.2: Gii thut FLMS trn KIT 6713

Kt qu kh nhiu:

Hnh 4.3: Kt qu dng tn hiu kh nhiu 1 ng vo trn KIT DSP6713

Hnh 4.4: Kt qu dng ph tn hiu kh nhiu 1 ng vo trn KIT DSP6713

Nhn xt:
Kt qu kh nhiu vi 1 tn hiu ng vo cho thy nhiu c gim i khong
35dB. Thng s BER tnh c l: BER = 9.9592 x 10-4. T s tn hiu trn nhiu l
SNR=21.9782. Kt qu kh nhiu kim tra bng cm nhn thnh gic cho thy kh nng
kh nhiu l rt tt.

4.2 Kh Nhiu Tch Cc 2 Ng Vo:

Trong m hnh kh nhiu tch cc 2 ng vo bn di, ng vo th nht l tn
hiu cn nghe b nhiu lm nh hng ( y l 1 bn nhc c thu di ma), ng
vo th 2 l nhiu tng quan vi tn hiu nhiu trn. Khi ta a 2 tn hiu trn qua b
lc FastLMS th ng ra s thu c tn hiu nhc b loi b nhiu.

Hnh 4.5: Kh nhiu tch cc 2 ng vo

Kt qu kh nhiu:

Hnh 4.6: Kt qu dng tn hiu kh nhiu 2 ng vo trn KIT DSP6713

10

Hnh 4.7: Kt qu dng ph tn hiu kh nhiu 2 ng vo trn KIT DSP6713

Nhn xt:
Kt qu kh nhiu vi 2 tn hiu ng vo cho thy nhiu c gim i khong
25dB. Thng s BER tnh c l: BER = 0.0011 x 10 -3. T s tn hiu trn nhiu l
SNR=21.8687. Kt qu kh nhiu kim tra bng cm nhn thnh gic cho thy kh nng
kh nhiu l rt tt.
KT LUN
Tc gi nghin cu m phng v thc nghim thnh cng cc thut ton kh
nhiu trn Matlab v kit DSP i vi tn hiu trong mi trng thc t. Hng pht
trin ti l ti u ha thut ton xy dng hon thin m hnh c kh nng kh
nhiu realtime. Ci tin tip theo l pht trin ln thnh cc h thng x l a knh,
ngha l c nhiu hn 1 ngun m kh nhiu. Mc ch nhm t c hiu qu kh
nhiu trong khng gian kn rng hn hoc thm ch l khng gian trng.
Ti Liu Tham Kho
[1] Adaptive Filter Theory,Third Edition, Simon Haykin
[2] Anis SOUARI, FPGA implementation of a frequency domain equalizer, Sousse
University, France, December 2010.
[3] Bernard Widrow, Michal Lehr, Adaptive Signal Processing, Stanford University
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305-4055.
[4] Cornelis D. Petersen, Rufus Fraanje, Ben S. Cazzolato, Anthony C. Zander, Colin
H. Hansen, A Kalman lter approach to virtual sensing for active noise control,
Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science - 14 June 2007.
[5] Kuang-Hung liu, Liang-Chieh Chen, Timothy Ma, Gowtham Bellala, Kifung Chu,
Active Noise Cancellation Project, EECS 452, Winter 2008.
[6] N.Narahari, Noise Cancellation In Headphones, M.Tech. credit seminar report,
Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, 2003.
[7] Paolo Gardonio, Sound and Structural Vibration: Radiation, Transmission and
Response, 2nd Edition (http://www.globalspec.com/reference/39471/203279/chapter-9introduction-to-active-control-of-sound-radiation-and-transmission)
[8] Spectrum Digital, TMS320C6713 DSK Technical Preference, INC, 2003.
[9] Siravara B. M. (2002), Subband feedback active noise cancellation, Master of
Science in Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
[10] Wolfgang Fohl, Jorn Matthies, A FPGA-Based Adaptive Noise Cancelling System,
Proc. Of the 12th Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx-09), Como, Italy,
September 1-4, 2009.